SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
Contents
Channel Concepts
Call Setup
Burst & Multi Frames
Mapping of Logical Channels
Definitions of SDCCH
Usage of SDCCH in the GSM network (BSC)
Possible SDCCH Configuration
SDCCH Holding Time
Nov 17, 2003
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
Contents
SDCCH Traffic Estimations
SDCCH Congestion
Reasons for SDCCH congestion
How to detect SDCCH congestions
Preventive actions to avoid SDCCH congestions
SDCCH Dimensioning
Parameters for SDCCH Dimensioning
Counters & Report Analysis
Nov 17, 2003
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
Logical Channels
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
Call to an MS
More..
Nov 17, 2003
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
Bursts
Normal Bursts: This burst is used to carry information on
Traffic channel
SDCCH Channel
Broadcast Control Channel
Paging Channel
Access Grant Channel
SACCH & FACCH Channel
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB Encrypted bits
3
57
Training Sequence
F
26
Encrypted bits TB
57
3
GP
8.25
F : One Stealing Bit:=0 Indicates 57bit packet contains user data or speech
:=1 Indicates burst stolen for FACCH Signalling
RxQual derived from the 26 bit midable from the TDMA frame
Bursts
Frequency Bursts:
All 148 bits(142+6) are coded with 0. The output of GMSK Modulator is a fixed
frequency signal exactly 67.7 Khz above the BCCH carrier frequency.
Thus the MS on receiving this fixed frequency signal fine tunes to the BCCH
frequency and waits for the Sync burst to arrive after 1 TDMA Frame .i.e
=15/26*8=4.615ms
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
3
TB
3
GP
8.25
Bursts
Synchronization Bursts:
This burst is used for time synchronization of the MS
SCH DATA
39 Bits
SCH DATA
39 Bits
TB
3
GP
8.25
39Bit x 2=78 Bits :Are decoded to arrive 25-SCH control bits and that contains
the information of the NCC ,BCC & TDMA FN
64 Bits : Long training seq. of 64 Bits are identical for all BTS
Bursts
Access Bursts:
This burst is used only for initial access by the MS to the BTS which applies 2 cases :
For connection setup when idle state where a CHAN_REQ message is sent using
access burst
For HO when MS send HND_ACC message.
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
8
SCH Sequence
41 Bits
RACH Data
36 Bits
TB
3
Guard Band
68.25 Bits
Bursts
Dummy Bursts:
To enable the BCCH frequency to be transmitted with a constant power level, dummy
burst are inserted.
This burst is transmitted on CHGR=0 when no other type of burst is to be sent.
Thus it makes possible for MS to perform the power measurement on the BTS in order
to determine which BTS to use for initial access or which to use for HO
CCCH is replaced by the dummy page, when there is no paging message to transmit.
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
3
Mixed Bits
58
Training Sequence
26
Mixed Bits
58
TB Guard Band
3
8.25
58Bits: Coded with pseudo random bit seq. to prevent confusion with Freq correction burst
DOWNLINK
7
F0 F1 F2-F5 F6-9
TS-0 F S BCCH CCCH
F10
F
F11 F12-F15 F16-19 F20-23 F24 F25 F26-29 F30 F31 F32-F35 F36-F39 F40 F41 F42-F45 F46-49 F50
S
BCCH CCCH CCCH F
S CCCH F
S
CCCH CCCH F
S
CCCH CCCH
I
UPLINK
F3
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9 F10
R: RACH 1 TS
F46 F47
R
F48
F49
F50
The Uplink & Downlink pattern are time shifted, so SDCCH sub channel is sent in frame 0-3 on downlink
and in frame 15-18 on uplink. The reason for this is to achieve efficient communication, by giving MS time to
calculate its answer to the request received on down link SDCCH
TS=2 / CHGR=0
1
F0-F3
F4-F7
F8-F11
F12-F15
F16-F19
F20-F23 F24-F27 F28-F31 F32-F35 F36-F39 F40-F43 F44-F47 F48 F49 F50
SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH0 SACCH1 SACCH2 SACCH3
SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH4 SACCH5 SACCH6 SACCH7
TS=2 / CHGR=0
I:
DOWNLINK
F0-F3
F4-F7
UPLINK
IDLE
1 TS
SDCCH1 4 TS
2
SACCH 4 TS
F8-F11
F12 F13 F14 F15-F18 F19-F22 F23-F26 F27-F30 F31-F34 F35-F38 F39-F42 F43-F46 F47-F50
I:
IDLE
1 TS
SDCCH 4 TS
SACCH 4 TS
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26
T: TCH
1 TS
A: SACCH
Usage of SDCCH
The SDCCH are used in some different ways in the GSM network:
Registrations: Periodic Location Updates, IMSI Attach/Detach
Call Setup: Immediate Assignment -> Assignment.
SMS point-to-point: SMS messages to/from MS in Idle mode.
Fax Setup
Optional: USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) data
transfer. MS<->Network. Similar to SMS. Controlled by the
MSC.
Possible Configurations
SDCCH/8 : 8 Sub channels for signaling are mapped on 1 TS, this results 1 less TCH
for the cell.
SDCCH/4 (Combining BCCH and SDCCH) :4 Sub channels for signaling are mapped
on BCCH TS. As a result Paging capacity on BCCH is reduced by 1/3.
CBCH : If CBCH is active 1 sub channel of SDCCH is replaced by 1 CBCH channel.
SDCCH/4
SDCCH/4+CBCH
SDCCH/8
SDCCH/8+CBCH
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+CBCH
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+SDCCH/8
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+SDCCH/8+CBCH
HYD007A
1 TRX
SDCCH
TCH
4
7
3
7
8
6
7
6
12
6
11
6
X
X
X
X
HYD006A
2 TRX
SDCCH
TCH
4
15
3
15
8
14
7
14
12
14
11
14
20
13
19
13
CELL
BCCH
CBCH
SDCCH
NOOFTCH
HYD007A
CHGR
CHBAND
BPC CHANNEL
4590 SDCCH-28646
BUSY
SDCCH-28645
IDLE
CBCH-34305
BUSY
SDCCH-28644
IDLE
BCCH-34797
BUSY
CHRATE SPV
4496 TCH-4629
FR
1,2
IDLE
4497 TCH-4630
FR
1,2
IDLE
4499 TCH-4631
FR
1,2
IDLE
4505 TCH-4654 FR
1,2
IDLE
4506 TCH-4655
FR
1,2
IDLE
4509 TCH-4661
FR
1,2
IDLE
4575 TCH-4670
FR
1,2
IDLE
STATE ICMBAND
BCCH
CBCH
SDCCH
NOOFTCH
HYD006A
14
CHGR
0
CHGR
1
BPC
CHANNEL
CHRATE SPV
6899 SDCCH-27810
IDLE
SDCCH-27809
IDLE
CBCH-34619
BUSY
SDCCH-27808
IDLE
SDCCH-27807
IDLE
SDCCH-27806
IDLE
SDCCH-27805
IDLE
SDCCH-27804
IDLE
6900
BCCH-34804
BUSY
6887
TCH-1242
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6888
TCH-1243
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6891
TCH-1246
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6893 TCH-1248
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6895 TCH-1250
FR
1,2
BUSY
NONE
6897 TCH-1252
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
BPC
CHANNEL
CHRATE SPV
6885 TCH-1240
FR
1,2
BUSY
NONE
6886 TCH-1241
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6889 TCH-1244
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6890 TCH-1245
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6892 TCH-1247
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6894 TCH-1249
FR
1,2
BUSY
NONE
6896 TCH-1251
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
6898 TCH-1253
FR
1,2
IDLE
NONE
SDCCH Congestion
SDCCH congestion: All SDCCH in a cell are at the same time busy for a
period of time which leads to rejection for new MS.
Reasons :
Hanging SDCCH: Are SDCCH that are hanging busy and unusable for a
long time (many minutes or indefinite).
Hanging SDCCH are generally caused by SW faults.
= 3.5 Sec
IMSI Attach
IMSI Detach
= 3.5 Sec
= 2.9 Sec (IMSI detach Indication message sent to
NW, no authentication is performed (which
normally takes 0.6Sec) & no ack is sent to MS.)
Call Setup
Short Message Service(SMS) = 6.2 Sec (Vary depending the length of SMS)
Fax Transmission
False Access
=3.5 Sec
=1.0 per sub and BH
=6.2 Sec
=1.0 per Sub and BH
Congestion of TCH/TRA/RALT
Will increase CP execution time before rejecting Imm Ass. Minor increase in mean hold time expected.
Handover on SDCCH
Handover on SDCCH will in itself increase mean hold time on SDCCH. However minor increase is
expected.
Congestion on Air-interface
Congestion on Air-interface leads to delay in communication to the MS. Can give timeout in BSC
during Imm Ass.Increases SDCCH mean hold time with more than 2 seconds.
Congestion on A-interface
Congestion on the A-interface will lead to increased mean hold time on SDCCH. Increase is unknown.
SDCCH Dimensioning
SDCCH Dimensioning is a compromise between SDCCH blocking
rate and TCH Capacity. In order to have a successful call setup
there has to be an available SDCCH as well as available TCH.
Basic SDCCH configuration:
It is recommended to choose
1 SDCCH/8 as the basic configuration for all the cells,
If LA> 2100 Erlang (500 TRX)
1 SDCCH/4 as the basic configuration for all the cells,
If LA< 2100 Erlang (500 TRX)
SDCCH Dimensioning
Automatic SDCCH dimensioning:
This can be done with optional Adaptive Configuration of Logical
Channel feature.
This feature will add extra SDCCH/8 by reconfiguring idle TCH
when SDCCH load is high, and revert back to TCH if SDCCH load
goes down.
Manual SDCCH Dimensioning :
Monitoring SDCCH / TCH Traffic in a cell
SDCCH/TCH load ratio
SDCCH Grade of Service:- Max allowed TCH GOS % = 2 %
The rule of Thumb says:
SDCCH/4 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/2 * 2= 1 %
SDCCH/8 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/4 * 2= 0.5%
Nov 17, 2003
SDCCH Dimensioning
Immediate Assignment on TCH:
In case of this feature on the channel administration assigns TCH for
signaling instead of an SDCCH, based on 7 different channels
allocation strategies (CHAPs)
TCH first strategy :
Decreases the SDCCH load and enable to use SDCCH/4 in all
the cells Traffic load on TCH will in this case increases
substantially so this strategy is not recommended.
SDCCH first strategy :
SDCCH is always allocated first if available, otherwise
signaling is performed on TCH.
SDCCH Dimensioning
Example :
ASSUME: CELL=3TRX ,SDCCH Traffic =4 Erlang, Bcchtype=NCOMB.No CBCH
GOS: SDCCH/4 = 1%, SDCCH/8 =0.5% & TCH % =2%
1> When Immediate Assignment on TCH not used
Erlang B Table :To maintain 0.5 % GOS & 4 Erlang min 13 Subchannels reqd
2SDCCH/8 => TCH=(3TRX*8TS) (1BCCH)-(2SDCCH/8)=21TCHs
21TCHs with 2 % GOS => 14.04 Erlang
2> When Immediate Assignment on TCH used
If we use 1SDCCH/8 only than 4 Erlangs with 8 sub channels GOS=>3 %
Congested Erlang will be =4 Erlang x 3 %=0.12Erlang
1SDCCH/8 => TCH=(3TRX*8TS) (1BCCH)-(1SDCH/8)=22TCHs
22TCHs with 2 % GOS => 14.9 Erlang
Actual TCH Capacity=14.9 0.12 = 14.7 Erlang
TCH Capacity in the cell is increased with 0.7 Erlang
Nov 17, 2003
SDCCH Dimensioning
Immediate Assignment on TCH not used
SDCCH Dimensioning
Recommended SDCCH Configurations
SDCCH Dimensioning
HALF RATE CAPACITY CALCULATION
Half rate will affect SDCCH dimensioning since more signaling will be
reqd when no of TCH is increased.
Important dimensioning factor is therefore the Half rate penetration
.i.e.the % of Half rate mobile in a NW.
Example: 2 TRX Cell, Half Rate Penetration =10 %, 1 SDCCH/8
TCH/F =14 support 14 Subscriber
Penetration 10% of 14 is 1.4 = 2 Subscribers (Reqd 2 Half Rate TCH/H)
Total 13 TCH/F+2TCH/H = 15 TCH required
Capacity :
Erlang B Table: 15 TCH @ 2% GOS => 9.0096 Erlang
Nov 17, 2003
SDCCH Dimensioning
Max Allowed SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio (Half Rate)
AC : Average Cells
BC : Border Cells
IC : Inner Cells
SDCCH Dimensioning
Dimensioning based on STS data
More accurate dimensioning is achieved by using cell statistics .i.e. STS
counters
SDCCH Traffic
TCH Traffic
SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio %
SDCCH Congestion
TCH Congestion
SDCCH Mean Holding Time
Availability of SDCCH Channels
Availability of TCH Channels
Parameters
MFRMS :This parameter defines period of transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to the same
paging subgroup.
T3212 : Is the periodic registration timer
ACCSTATE : Activate/Deactivate the Adaptive config of logical channel feature per cell basis
CHAP :Selecting Channel Allocation profile per cell.
SLEVEL: The attempt to increase the number of SDCCH/8 will take place when
allocation of an SDCCH has failed due to congestion.
STIME :Parameter STIME determines how long the system waits before the number of
SDCCH/8 added by this function is decreased when the demand for signalling channels
has returned to a low level
BTDM :Implicit detach supervision should be equal or longer than T3212 in BSC.
GTDM : is an extra Gurad time in minutes before the subscriber is set to detach.
RLINKT: Radio link time-out This parameter defines the time before an MS disconnects a call due to failure
in decoding SACCH messages. The parameter is given as number of SACCH periods (480ms).
Nov 17, 2003
STS Counters
CCALLS
CCONGS
: Congestion counter
CNDROP
Formulas
No. of SDCCH Attempts
CCALLS
CMSESTAB
SDCCH Establishments No
Congestion (%)
CTRALACC / CNSCAN
SDCCH/TCH Ratio
(CTRALACC/CNSCAN) /
((TFTRALACC/TFNSCAN)+(THTRALACC/THNSCAN))
W-6
15Sep-21Sep
22Sep-29Sep
29Sep-5Oct
06Oct-12Oct
03Nov-09Nov
Sr No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
S DRP (ROAP)
CELL
134
127
112
25
89
NOD
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>1%
HYD001B
HYD004B
HYD005A
HYD007B
HYD012C
HYD018A
HYD018B
HYD020B
HYD025C
HYD026C
HYD028A
HYD028C
HYD030C
HYD031C
HYD038A
HYD040A
HYD040B
HYD042A
HYD045B
HYD051C
633
305
359
79
432
433
653
298
481
653
413
601
373
581
327
279
522
505
1632
229
1.08
1.03
1.54
1.34
6.51
1.18
1.13
1.02
1.28
1.7
1.03
1.23
1.26
1.35
1.11
1.07
1.3
1.14
1.28
1.01
SDRP
NOD
SCSR
CONR
CELL
ADO001B
ADO002B
AKI001A
AKI001B
AKI001C
AMA001A
AMA001A
AMA001B
AMA001C
AMA001C
ANK001B
ANN001A
ANN001B
ANN001C
ANP001A
ANP001B
ANP001C
AVA001A
AVA001B
BHI001A
275
295
309
154
295
NOD
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>1%
109
54
29
21
37
3
82
37
5
72
144
14
30
96
18
29
20
49
26
258
1.52
1.33
1.04
1.04
2.15
1.54
2.66
1.08
2.94
2.94
1.11
3.29
2.15
5.64
1.06
2.19
1.7
1.95
1.13
1.45
SCSR %(HYD)
175
192
187
178
206
CELL
HYD012C
HYD117C
HYD155B
HYD161B
HYD168A
HYD058A
HYD124B
HYD146B
HYD012A
HYD093B
HYD170B
HYD155A
HYD161C
HYD089B
HYD011B
HYD121B
HYD146C
HYD145B
HYD108C
HYD101C
LEGENDS
SDCCH Drop Rate %
Week Total Dropped SDCCH's
SDCCH Call Success Rate %
SDCCH Congestion rate %
SCSR % (ROAP)
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
< 96 %
357
378
400
382
372
CELL
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
< 96 %
73.35
78.45
81.57
82.57
83.77
83.99
84
86.41
86.52
86.86
87
87.29
87.59
87.82
87.85
87.97
88.01
88.23
88.49
88.71
KOL001B
JGP001C
HIN002C
RAJ001B
VIZ020C
JGP001A
VJA018B
CHI001C
EMG001C
RAZ001B
NID001C
CHL004C
RJM007B
VJA020A
ONG004B
ANN001A
CHI003B
VSP001B
ANN001C
VJA019B
65.95
72.07
73.01
73.06
73.67
75.2
75.81
77.68
78.01
78.98
79.41
79.47
80.13
81.21
81.78
81.92
82.55
82.8
83.19
83.22
NOC
CT(S)
ALL
23.09.03
CONR% (HYD)
68
98
71
55
59
CELL
HYD201A
HYD176A
HYD176C
HYD176B
HYD137C
HYD168A
HYD005B
HYD155A
HYD161B
HYD137B
HYD054B
HYD170B
HYD171B
HYD168C
HYD137A
HYD177B
HYD142A
HYD053C
HYD161C
HYD153C
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>0.5% NOC
3.31 3081
3.19 2862
2.98 1695
2.3
942
1.94
559
1.75
207
1.6
725
1.39
152
1.36
138
1.3
257
1.28
386
1.27
139
1.23
323
1.22
82
1.1
129
1.05
206
1.02
147
1.01
161
1
95
0.99
191
CONR% (ROAP)
CT
(S)
1952
8177
4397
3095
1423
656
2465
403
262
993
1654
375
1219
320
346
791
701
496
147
541
109
174
135
109
78
CELL
HIN002C
KAD001B
GUN009B
VIZ027C
KAD001C
HIN001B
ANA001B
TEN002C
KAD001A
VIZ023C
ADO001C
GOD001B
SUL001A
MAH002A
STP001B
VSP001C
STP001A
TVR001C
RJM008B
SAN001B
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>0.5% NOC
2.37
2.35
2.19
1.91
1.72
1.59
1.42
1.4
1.33
1.32
1.32
1.31
1.3
1.23
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.01
0.98
0.98
90
602
641
267
392
183
275
372
268
183
190
372
71
104
374
135
329
258
15
134
ALL
SDRP>1%
SER <96%
CONR >0.5 %
72Cells
116Cells
97Cells
81Cells
60Cells
CT
Worst Cells
(S)
326 NIZ001A
1989 NIZ001B
2410 CHL001A
638 BHI001A
1702 MAH002B
664 KHA001B
1084 TEN002C
1434 TIR008A
1127 AKI001A
790 BPL001B
860 TVR001C
1099 DHA001C
169 MAH002A
390 HIN001B
1865 BPL001C
270 TAD001C
1542 CHL002C
924 MAC001A
65 DHA001B
318 ADO001B
Thank you
S. Rajshekhar Deshraj
BTS
PCH
RACH
2>Paging Command
Imsi/Tmsi+PG+TRX+CG+TN
BSC
MSC
1>Paging(LAI+IMSI/TMSI)
8>Immediate Assign
SABM (Paging Resp:IMSI/MS Class)
SDCCH
SDCCH
Next..
Nov 17, 2003
BTS
14>Setup
15>Call Confirmed
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
BSC
14>Setup
15>Call Confirmed
17>Channel Activation
(BSC Allocated Idle TS for Traffic)
MSC
Exit..