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    Sustainability & Smoke Control

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    This document summarizes a presentation on sustainable smoke control systems. It discusses how conventional smoke control systems aim to minimize smoke exposure during evacuation, while tenability systems maintain a safe environment. Sustainable alternatives to code systems include natural venting and filling of atria, as well as ventilation of stairwells. Tenability-based systems are well-suited for sustainability by reducing equipment needs through innovative design.

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    Sustainability & Smoke Control

    Uploaded by

    mpwasa
    225 views11 pages
    This document summarizes a presentation on sustainable smoke control systems. It discusses how conventional smoke control systems aim to minimize smoke exposure during evacuation, while tenability systems maintain a safe environment. Sustainable alternatives to code systems include natural venting and filling of atria, as well as ventilation of stairwells. Tenability-based systems are well-suited for sustainability by reducing equipment needs through innovative design.

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    Smoke Control

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    This document summarizes a presentation on sustainable smoke control systems. It discusses how conventional smoke control systems aim to minimize smoke exposure during evacuation, while tenability systems maintain a safe environment. Sustainable alternatives to code systems include natural venting and filling of atria, as well as ventilation of stairwells. Tenability-based systems are well-suited for sustainability by reducing equipment needs through innovative design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    225 views11 pages

    Sustainability & Smoke Control

    Uploaded by

    mpwasa
    This document summarizes a presentation on sustainable smoke control systems. It discusses how conventional smoke control systems aim to minimize smoke exposure during evacuation, while tenability systems maintain a safe environment. Sustainable alternatives to code systems include natural venting and filling of atria, as well as ventilation of stairwells. Tenability-based systems are well-suited for sustainability by reducing equipment needs through innovative design.

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    You are on page 1of 11

    3/15/2013

    Sustainability and Smoke


    Control
    Dr. John H. Klote, PE
    CIBSE, London UK
    13 March 2013

    Sustainability & Smoke Control


    Fire Protection & Smoke Control Systems
    Sustainable

    During Fire: Minimize Damage to Materials


    During Fire: Minimize Impact on Environment

    The focus of this talk is sustainable smoke


    control systems that can be used in place of
    code mandated systems.
    Note: In this talk, the term atrium is used in a generic
    sense to mean any large volume space (atrium,
    enclosed shopping mall, sports arena, airplane hangar,
    etc.).

    3/15/2013

    Sustainability & Smoke Control


    Sustainable Smoke Control Systems Limited
    Only by Ingenuity, Creativity, and Knowledge
    of the Design Team
    Essential: Alternate Systems Provide at Least
    Equivalent Protection
    Many Sources of Smoke Control Information

    New ASHRAE Publication Handbook of Smoke


    Control Engineering

    3/15/2013

    Topics in New Smoke Control Book

    Design Weather Data


    Flow of Air and Smoke
    Egress Analysis
    Design Fires
    Human Exposure to Smoke
    Automatic Controls
    Pressurized Stairwells
    Pressurized Elevators
    Zoned Smoke Control
    Atrium Smoke Control

    Topics (Continued)

    Fire and Smoke Control in Transport Tunnels


    Computer Analysis (CONTAM, CFAST & CFD)
    Full Scale Fire Testing
    Commissioning & Periodic Testing
    Appendix: Derivation of Equations

    3/15/2013

    Smoke Control Systems


    Conventional System: Goal is to keep smoke
    away from occupants during evacuation.

    There is always some amount of smoke that


    comes into contact with occupants.
    The intent is that smoke contact is slight.

    Tenability System: Goal is to maintain a


    tenable environment during evacuation.

    A tenable environment is one in which smoke


    and heat are limited such that exposure is not
    life threatening.
    Systems are analyzed to provide confidence
    that a tenable environment is maintained.

    Analysis of Tenability Systems


    Smoke Transport Calculations

    CFD Modeling (Atria)


    Network Modeling (Large Buildings)

    Tenability Calculations

    Toxic Gases
    Heat
    Thermal Radiation
    Reduced Visibility

    Evacuation Calculations

    Evacuation time = pre-movement + movement


    time

    3/15/2013

    Natural Smoke Venting


    Alternative to Atrium Smoke Exhaust (Naturel
    Venting Used more in UK than US)
    Smoke Vented through Opening(s) in Ceiling
    Makeup Air from Opening(s) in Wall(s)
    Eliminate Fans
    Only Equipment: Automatic Vents & Controls
    Saves Some Power during Weekly Self-Tests

    3/15/2013

    3/15/2013

    Smoke Filling
    Alternative to Atrium Smoke Exhaust (Smoke
    Filling Used more in UK than US)
    Applicable for Very Large and High Atria
    Smoke Diluted in Large Volume (Plume
    Mechanics)
    Eliminates All Smoke Control Equipment
    CFD & Tenability Analysis Recommended

    3/15/2013

    3/15/2013

    Pressurization Systems
    Pressurization systems are conventional
    because they are intended to keep smoke
    away from occupants during evacuation.
    Sustainable Systems

    Reduce Fan Size: Tighten Construction & Door


    Leakage
    Change to a Tenability System (Ventilation
    System or Passive System)

    Reevaluated Old Ideas?

    Purged Vestibules, Smoke Shafts, Exterior Wall


    Vents, etc.

    3/15/2013

    Stairwell Ventilation
    Example of Using Ventilation (Ferreira &
    Cutonilli 2008; Klote 2011)
    Concept: Ventilation Air Supplied to Stairs to
    Dilute Smoke & Maintain Tenable Conditions

    P Not Intended
    Some Smoke Leakage

    Design: Balance between Ventilation &


    Smoke Leakage
    Ventilation Promising for Tall Stairwells

    10

    3/15/2013

    Summary
    Sustainable smoke control systems can be
    used in place of code mandated systems.
    Smoke control systems can be classified as
    (1) conventional systems and (2) tenability
    systems.
    Tenability systems are particularly useful as
    sustainable smoke control systems.
    Examples of sustainable systems: (1) Atrium
    Venting, (2) Atrium Filling, and (3) Stairwell
    Ventialtion.

    Questions?
    John H. Klote

    11

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