The document contains 8 problems related to single degree of freedom vibrational systems. Problem 1 involves determining the imbalance force and maximum vibration amplitude of a machine supported by springs. Problem 2 calculates the damping ratio and forced vibration amplitude of an engine supported by rubber mounts. Problem 3 finds the amplitude and phase angle of a mass-spring-damper system subjected to harmonic excitation.
The document contains 8 problems related to single degree of freedom vibrational systems. Problem 1 involves determining the imbalance force and maximum vibration amplitude of a machine supported by springs. Problem 2 calculates the damping ratio and forced vibration amplitude of an engine supported by rubber mounts. Problem 3 finds the amplitude and phase angle of a mass-spring-damper system subjected to harmonic excitation.
The document contains 8 problems related to single degree of freedom vibrational systems. Problem 1 involves determining the imbalance force and maximum vibration amplitude of a machine supported by springs. Problem 2 calculates the damping ratio and forced vibration amplitude of an engine supported by rubber mounts. Problem 3 finds the amplitude and phase angle of a mass-spring-damper system subjected to harmonic excitation.
The document contains 8 problems related to single degree of freedom vibrational systems. Problem 1 involves determining the imbalance force and maximum vibration amplitude of a machine supported by springs. Problem 2 calculates the damping ratio and forced vibration amplitude of an engine supported by rubber mounts. Problem 3 finds the amplitude and phase angle of a mass-spring-damper system subjected to harmonic excitation.
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Tutorial problems No 3: Single DOF system excited vibrations
1. A machine of mass 500 kg is supported on spring mounts which
deflect 3 mm under its weight. It is found that the amplitude of free vertical vibrations is halved for each two successive cycles. When the machine is operating there is a vertical harmonic force due to imbalance whose magnitude varies as the square of its frequency. The resulting amplitude of forced vibration is 2.25 mm at 10 Hz.
a) Determine the magnitude of the imbalance force at 20 Hz, which corresponds to the maximum machine speed;
b) Determine the greatest amplitude of vibration which may be experienced by the machine when running up to speed
(Answer: 4.7kN; 2.71 mm).
2. An engine of mass 1250 kg is supported on rubber mounts of stiffness 1.23 MN/m. A dashpot is fitted and, when tested without the engine running reduced the amplitude of vibrations to one-fifth of the initial value in three complete oscillations. With the engine running at 450 rev/min the unbalance force is 2.4 kN. Find the damping ratio and hence the amplitude of the resulting forced vibration (Answer: 0.127; 1.49 mm).
3. A mass of 1 kg is supported on an elastic structure of stiffness 244 N/m. The mass is acted upon by a simple harmonic disturbing force of magnitude 13cos10t (N) where t is the time in seconds. The system is subject to viscous damping and at a velocity of 1 m/s the damping force is 6N. Determine the amplitude of the resulting forced vibrations and the phase angle between the disturbing force and the resulting motion (Answer: 83.3mm; 22.6 deg).
4. A piece of rotating machinery of mass 500 kg is mounted on flexible supports, causing these supports to deflect by 6mm. The supports exert damping which is equal to 15% of critical and is proportional to the velocity of the motion. With the machine running at 500 rev/min an amplitude of vibration of 5 mm is observed. Calculate the maximum value of the disturbing force operating within the machinery (Answer: 3.19 kN).
5. A machine of mass 550 kg is flexibly supported on rubber mountings which provide a force proportional to displacement of 210 kN/m, together with a viscous damping force. The machine gives an exciting force of the form where R is a constant. At very high rotational speeds the measured amplitude of vibration is 0.25mm, and the maximum amplitude recorded as the speed is slowly increased from zero is 2mm. Determine the value of R and the damping ratio (Answer: 0.138 kgm; 0.0626).
6. Anti-vibration mounts are used to attach an instrument of mass 2 kg to a panel. The panel is vibrating with an amplitude of 0.5 mm at a frequency of 50 Hz. Show that the maximum stiffness of the mounts for them to have any useful effect in reducing the vibration of the instrument is about 100 kN/m. If the mounts used have an effective stiffness of 20 kN/m and also provide viscous damping with a damping coefficient of 80 Ns/m calculate the maximum acceleration to which the instrument is exposed (Answer: 8.8 m/s2).
7. A two wheeled trailer is fitted with springs which deflect 70 mm under the weight of the sprung mass of 400 kg. Dampers fitted between the trailer body and the axle provide damping which is 0.6 critical. The trailer is pulled along an undulating road at a speed of 50 km/h. The road surface may be regarded as approximately sinusoidal, the total variation in level being 30 mm and the distance between successive crests 7 m. Assuming that the wheels do not leave the ground, and neglecting the flexibility of the tyres, determine the total variation in the spring force (Answer: 1.55kN).
8. A motor-driven reciprocating pump is mounted on a rigid frame and the total mass found to be 295 kg. The frame rests on an elastic packing which is required to limit the force transmitted to the ground to +-4 N at 750 rev/min. Assume negligible damping and find the stiffness of the packing given that the maximum value of the unbalance force is 355 N at 750 rev/min. Hence, determine t R cos 2 the amplitude of the resultant vibrations of the pump and frame (Answer: 204.5 kN/m; 0.22 mm).