Book about

Alcoholic beverages


Compiled by

Dylan damascene martin
B.sc in hospitality and hotel management




THIS
BOOK
CONTAINS
THE BASIC INFORMATION
ABOUT
ALL ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES









THEORITICAL NOTES

Prepared by
DYLANDAMASCENE MARTIN

E-mail:[email protected]
[email protected]

I welcome all your valuable suggestions & comments
regarding my notes.

With love



BEVERAGES
What is beverage?
Any portable liquid which is alcoholic or non-alcoholic is known as beverages
Beverages are mainly consumed to quench thirst, feel fresh, to compensate the loss of body
fluid due to perspiration
Beverage are basically classified into two types
The word alcohol is derived from the Arabic al-kohl.
Alcohol is generally defined as a liquid obtained through the fermentation of a sugar containing
liquid . These are the beverage that contain ethyl alcohol or ethanol C
2
E
5
0E
The percentage of alcohol in a drink varies from 0.5% to 95% depending on the method by
which the alcohol is obtained
Alcoholic drink are classified into three types they are
Fermented drink
Brewed and fermented drink
Distilled drink





alcoholic
non-
alcoholic











Alcoholic beverage classifications
Fermented drink

Wine cider Perry
(Fermented grape juice) (Fermented apple juice) (Fermented pear juice)

Red wine White wine Rose wine

Brewed & fermented drinks

Beer sake
Obtained from cereals

Ales lagers

Distilled beverages

Spirits liqueur Eaux-de vie
Fruit brandy apple juice
Whisky rum gin vodka tequila brandy

Aurum Tia Maria

What is fermentation?
Fermentation is a process in which sugar is converted into alcohol
yeast on sugar
This process is basic of preparing all alcoholic beverages
The alcoholic level of all fermented drink is normally between 4 to 14 %

Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and
two
The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the
yeast is killed later it brings the fermentation process to


yeast
act's on

What is fermentation?
Fermentation is a process in which sugar is converted into alcohol. It is a chemical reaction of
This process is basic of preparing all alcoholic beverages
The alcoholic level of all fermented drink is normally between 4 to 14 %
Fermentation process
Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and
two molecule of carbon dioxide ( co
2
)

The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the
yeast is killed later it brings the fermentation process to a halt (or) end.
sugar
gives out
alcohol
and releases
co2
It is a chemical reaction of

Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and
The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the
halt (or) end.
alcohol
and releases
co2

These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place
If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place
Examples of fermented beverage are
WINE
CIDER
PERRY

Steeping and boiling grain and infusing them in hot water to
flavor and other substances.
During this process the malts are being mashed
The temperature at this stage is around
Example of Brewed & fermented
Beer
Sake
.
yeast

These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place
If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place

Examples of fermented beverage are
What is brewing?
Steeping and boiling grain and infusing them in hot water to get (or) extract the
flavor and other substances.
During this process the malts are being mashed
stage is around 6S
0
c ( 1Su
0
)
Brewed & fermented drinks are
.
sugar
.
temperature
These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place

If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place
extract the sugar,
temperature
What is distillation?
The process in which alcohol is separated from the fermented juice or liquid by heating
it.
The process of distillation is that the ethyl alcohol or ethanol is boiled at a low
temperature at 78
0
c.
All spirits are produced by the distillation of alcoholic beverages
Example of distilled are
Brandy
Whiskey
Gin
Rum
Vodka
Tequila
What is stilling?
The stilling is a process of separating alcohol from water.
There are two types of still used for distilling spirits.
The pot still
The patent still

POT STILLING


PATENT STILLING


FERMANTED DRINKS
WHINE is an alcoholic beverage obtained from fermented juice of freshly collected or
gathered grapes
It can also be made using fruits, flower petals etc., it is prepared by crushing the fruit
and fermenting its juices. They are classified on the basis of colour, taste, aroma
present in it



Classification of wines
It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the
natural fermentation process without adding anything else to it.
contain carbon dioxide (co
2
) .
during fermentation are allowed
alcoholic percentage is normally between 10 to 14%
Red wine : these wine are made using black grapes
in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the
colour to the wine
By following this method the red colour is obtained
Stilled wine
white
red
rose
WHINE
Stilled wine
It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the
natural fermentation process without adding anything else to it. Still wines do not
. While preparing these wine the carbon dioxide
allowed to escape and then being filled in the wine bottles. The
alcoholic percentage is normally between 10 to 14%
these wine are made using black grapes the skin is allowed to remain
in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the
By following this method the red colour is obtained
sparkling wine
champagne
fortified wine
sherry
port
madeira
marsala
malaga
It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the
Still wines do not
carbon dioxide produced
and then being filled in the wine bottles. The
the skin is allowed to remain
in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the
fortified wine
sherry
madeira
marsala
malaga
Red wine are best served at room temperature that is 6u
0
to 6S
0

Rose wine : these wine are made using red grapes they are even produced from
the mixture of white and red grapes the skin is allowed to macerate in the must
until the desired colour is being obtained
By following this method the red colour is obtained
Rose wine is served chilled at 8
0
c to 9
0
c
White wine: These wines are made using white grapes and even black grapes if
wine is prepared using black grapes the skin of the black grapes has to be
removed before crushing. the skin is being removed to prevent the wine from
getting colored
By following this method the white colour is obtained
White wine are served chilled at 8
0
c to 9
0
c

Sparkling wine
Sparkling wine contains carbon dioxide (co
2
). They are being bottled with the(co
2
).
Carbon dioxide (co
2
) is not allowed to escape.
The gas is prevented from escape the alcohol present in the bottle is between 10 to
13 %. The glass bottles used for sparkling wine has to be thick to withstand the
pressure of the gas present behind the cork
Best among sparkling wine is champagne
Sparkling wine are served chilled at 6
0
c to 8
0
c

Fortified wine

Fortified wine are still wine to which brandy is added

This process increases the alcohol strength. It contains 15 to 24% of alcohol. It
stops fermentation and it increases the wines shelf life
These drinks are served both as a pre meal and post meal drink
Best known fortified wines are Sherry, Masala, Port, and Madeira.
Classification of fortified wine
sherry
port
Madeira
Marsala
Malaga
still
wine
brandy
fortified
wine


SHERRY
Sherry is an example of most demanded fortified wine. It comes from Jerez
district in the south of Spain the word cherry is an Anglicization of Jerez
Type of sherry
Fino Pale in colour
Manzanilla Very Pale in colour
Amontillado Yellow in colour
Olorosso Dark in colour
PORT
Porto is an accompaniment of blue-veined cheese which is served traditionally served it
is produced from the group grown in Upper douro valley of northern Portugal
MADEIRA
Madeira is a Portuguese fortified wind which comes from the island of Madeira in the
Atlantic Ocean
MARSALA
Marsala is a fortified wine which comes from North West Sicily.
It is made from the blend of white wine, brandy, heated must, which is then matured
MALAGA
Malaga is a sweet fortified wine that comes from Malaga on the Mediterranean coast of
Spain.
It is made from the grapes dried on the straw mats in the sun it is then mixed with
concentrated grape juice after fermentation and then fortified
Cider
It is obtained from the fermentation of apple juice







Perry
Perry is obtained from the fermentation of pear juice. It is made that same way as cider.

BREWED & FERMENTED DRINKS
It is similar to fortified drinks but the difference is whine is usually malted & crushed cereals, it
is brewed in hot water to get maximum soluble sugar from the malt, and its then cooled and
allowed to ferment with the addition of yeast
Examples of Brewed & fermented drinks are
Beer
Sake
BEERS
Beer is brewed and fermented drink. Most beer are made from barley malt .ground
up malt is added to hot water to make them get easily mashed. This process is
called as mashing. The alcohol content in deer is between 4 to 10%
LAGER ALE STOUT
DIET DRAFT

Classification of beers
Lager: bottom fermented beer Lagers are probably the most common type of beer consumed.
They were originated from the Central European country, which was named after the German
"Lagern" (to store) Lagers are bottom-fermented, where the yeast culture ferments at the
bottom of the fermenting vessel (or) tank.
They were traditionally stored at a low temperature for weeks.
The alcohol content of lager beer is 36%
Ale beer: Top-fermented beers. Top-fermented beers tend to be more flavorsome.
The beer have strong hop flavor including a variety of grain flavors and fermentation flavors.
Stout: stout beer is produced by roasting the millets to give dark colour to it.
The beer has strong malt flavor.
Draft beer: These beers has to be kept refrigerated between 35F and 40F
Draft beer has only 2 weeks shelf life.
Diet beer: these are produced by special fermentation process.
It contains high alcohol content.
They are as same as lager beer which is low in calorie.

SAKE
Sake is a Japanese drink which is obtained from their main crop rice.





DISTILLED DRINKS











BRANDY
(fermentedgrape juice )
GIN,WHISKY
(fermanted cerial)
TEQUILA
(fermanted sap of
agave tequilan weber)
RUM
(fermanted molasses)
VODKA
(fermanted potates or
cerials)
BRANDY

Brandy: it is a spirit distilled from grapes (wine).
Flavored brandies are named after the fruit used to flavor it; some examples are cherry
brandy, peach brandy, and apricot brandy.
It is stored between 1S
0
to 18
0
C
It is best served at room temperature
Cognac is the famous famous brandy which is from France.


GIN

Gin: it is a spirit distilled from cereals and flavored with flavouring agents like juniper
berries, orange peel, lime, coriander seeds
Gin originated from Holland

Types of gin
Holland gin
London dry gin
Holland gin: it is distilled twice using pot stilling methods
London dry gin: it is first distilled in patent stiller and then distilled for the second time in
the pot stiller.








WHISKY

Whisky: it is a spirit distilled from fermented barley, corn during fermentation the drink
gets its amber colour.
Type of whisky
Scotch
Irish
Canadian or rye
American or us
Bourbon whiskey
Japanese
Indian
Scotch: it is worlds finest whisky
Scotch whisky is distilled in Scotland
Irish : Irish whisky is distilled in Ireland
The Irish spells whisky as whiskey
Canadian: Canadian whisky is distilled in Canada
American or us: American whisky is distilled in America
The Americans spell whisky as whiskey

Bourbon whisky is named after the country bourbon which is prepared in
Kentucky
Tennessee whiskey is whisky is distilled in Tennessee
Japanese : Japanese whisky is distilled in Japan
Indian: Indian whisky is distilled in India
TEQUILA

Tequila: Tequila originated from Mexico
It is a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of Agave Tequilana Weber
(Agave Tequilana Weber it is a plant a type of plant)


RUM

Rum: it is a spirit distilled from molasses or sugarcane juice
(Molasses - which is a byproduct of sugarcane)
Types of rum:
White or light rum
Golden rum
Dark rum
Spiced rums
Flavored rums


Light rums: Light rums are light or clear in color.
They are also referred to as white rum.
They are often aged (or) stored for long years in glass lined barrel to prevent the rum
from absorbing the colour of the barrel while storing them
They have very little flavor and are used in cocktails
Gold rums: Gold rums are also known as amber rums.
They are often aged (or) stored for long years in charred oak barrels. To get the golden
colour. Sometimes some or small amount of caramel is also added to it
They have stronger flavor compared to light rums.
Dark rums: dark rum is darker in color such as black, red.
They are aged (or) stored for long years in heavily charred oak barrels. To get the dark
colour. Sometimes some amount of caramel is also added to it.
They are stronger and sweeter than light and gold rums.
Spiced rums: These rums obtain the flavor from spices or caramel.
They are dark in color and may have spices such as cinnamon, rosemary,
absinthe/aniseed, or pepper.
Flavored rums: rums which infused (or) mixed with additional flavors such as banana,
coconut, citrus, etc.




VODKA

Vodka: it is a spirit distilled from barley, corn, ray, potatoes
It is a clear drink which is tast less odder less
Vodka originated from Russia.
The term vodka is derived from the Slavic word voda (water)
It is a national drink of Russia and Spain.
Vodka is normally mixed with orange juice,
Types of vodka:
Neutral vodka
Flavored vodka
Neutral vodka: it is distilled from grains or potato juice.
Neutral vodka are highly rectified by filtering it through a activated charcoal
This is done to get rid of the flavor and smell of potato.
Flavored vodka: these are vodka that is flavored using natural flavored material.
The flavorings added are to be named before it. For example orange flavored vodka,
zubrowka vodka















Brand names
Of
Some
Alcoholic beverages








FERMANTE DRINKS














RED WINE


RED WINE




WHITE WINE


CIDER

PERRY









SPARKLING WINE
CHAMPAGNE





FORTIFIED WINE


MARSALA






MADEIRA

PORT






BREWED
&
FERMANTED


BEER





SAKE












DISTILLED DRINKS


GIN



WHISKY



BRANDY







TEQUILA













RUM

VODKA