Wonders of the World

1
Wonders of the World
This article is about natural and constructed phenomena and structures of the world. For other uses of "Wonders of
the World", see Wonders of the World (disambiguation).
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (from left to right, top to
bottom): Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple
of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at
Halicarnassus (also known as the Mausoleum of Mausolus), Colossus of
Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria as depicted by 16th-century
Dutch artist Maarten van Heemskerck.
Various lists of the Wonders of the World have
been compiled from antiquity to the present day, to
catalogue the world's most spectacular natural
wonders and manmade structures.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the first
known list of the most remarkable creations of
classical antiquity; it was based on guidebooks
popular among Hellenic sightseers and only
includes works located around the Mediterranean
rim. The number seven was chosen because the
Greeks believed it represented perfection and plenty,
and because it was the number of the five planets
known anciently, plus the sun and moon. Many
similar lists have been made.
Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World
Main article: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The Great Pyramid of Giza, the only wonder of
the ancient world still in existence
The historian Herodotus (484 ca. 425 BCE), and the scholar
Callimachus of Cyrene (ca. 305 240 BCE) at the Museum of
Alexandria, made early lists of seven wonders. Their writings have not
survived, except as references.
The classic seven wonders were:
Great Pyramid of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Colossus of Rhodes
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Wonders of the World
2
The Colosseum in Rome
The Great Wall of China
Hagia Sophia
Stonehenge
The only ancient world wonder that still exists is the Great Pyramid of
Giza.
Lists from other eras
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, some writers wrote their own lists
with names such as Wonders of the Middle Ages, Seven Wonders of
the Middle Ages, Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind, and
Architectural Wonders of the Middle Ages. However it is unlikely that
these lists originated in the Middle Ages because the word medieval
was not invented until the Enlightenment-era, and the concept of a
Middle Age did not become popular until the 16th century. Brewer's
Dictionary of Phrase and Fable refers to them as "later list[s]"
suggesting the lists were created after the Middle Ages.
Many of the structures on these lists were built much earlier than the
Medieval Ages, but were well known.
[1]
Typically representative are:
[][2][3]
Stonehenge
Colosseum
Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa
Great Wall of China
Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
Hagia Sophia
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Other sites sometimes included on such lists:
Taj Mahal
[4]
Cairo Citadel
[5]
Ely Cathedral
[6]
Cluny Abbey
[7]
Recent lists
Following in the tradition of the classical list, modern people and
organisations have made their own lists of wonderful things ancient
and modern. Some of the most notable lists are presented below.
American Society of Civil Engineers
In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers compiled a list of
Seven Wonders of the Modern World, paying tribute to the "greatest
civil engineering achievements of the 20th century":
Wonders of the World
3
Machu Picchu
Taj Mahal
Empire State Building
Golden Gate Bridge
Wonders of the World
4
The Victoria Falls contain the largest sheet of
falling water in the world in terms of area
The Great Barrier Reef
CN Tower
Wonders of the World
5
Chichen Itza
Old City of Jerusalem
The Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights
Grand Canyon
Wonders of the World
6
The London sewerage system's original Abbey
Mills pumping station
Wonder Date started Date finished Location
Channel Tunnel December 1,
1987
May 6, 1994 Strait of Dover, between the United
Kingdom and France
CN Tower February 6,
1973
June 26, 1976, tallest freestanding structure in the world
19762007.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Empire State Building January 22,
1930
May 1, 1931, Tallest structure in the world 19311967. First
building with 100+ stories.
New York, NY, U.S.
Golden Gate Bridge January 5,
1933
May 27, 1937 Golden Gate Strait, north of San
Francisco, California, U.S.
Itaipu Dam January 1970 May 5, 1984 Paran River, between Brazil and
Paraguay
Delta Works/
Zuiderzee Works
1920 May 10, 1997 Netherlands
Panama Canal January 1,
1880
January 7, 1914 Isthmus of Panama
New7Wonders Foundation
Main article: New7Wonders of the World
In 2001 an initiative was started by the Swiss corporation New7Wonders Foundation to choose the New7Wonders of
the World from a selection of 200 existing monuments.
[8]
Twenty-one finalists were announced January 1, 2006.
[9]
Egyptians were not happy that the only surviving original wonder, the Great Pyramid of Giza, would have to
compete with the likes of the Statue of Liberty, the Sydney Opera House, and other landmarks, calling the project
absurd. In response, Giza was named an honorary Candidate. The results were announced on July 7, 2007, in Lisbon,
Portugal:
Wonders of the World
7
Wonder Date of construction Location
Great Wall of China Since 7th century BC China
Petra c. 100 BC Jordan
Christ the Redeemer Opened October 12, 1931 Brazil
Machu Picchu c. AD 1450 Peru
Chichen Itza c. AD 600 Mexico
Colosseum Completed AD 80 Italy
Taj Mahal Completed c. AD 1648 India
Great Pyramid of Giza (Honorary Candidate) Completed c. 2560 BC Egypt
USA Today's New Seven Wonders
In November 2006 the American national newspaper USA Today and the American television show Good Morning
America revealed a new list of New Seven Wonders as chosen by six judges. Good Morning America announced one
wonder per day over a period of a week. An eighth wonder was chosen on November 24, 2006 from viewer
feedback.
Number Wonder Location
1 Potala Palace Lhasa, Tibet, China
2 Old City of Jerusalem
Jerusalem
[10]
The UN and most countries do not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, taking the position
that the final status of Jerusalem is pending future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.
Most countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv and its suburbs or suburbs of Jerusalem, such as
Mevaseret Zion (see CIA Factbook
[11]
and Map of Israel
[12]
PDF(319KB)) See Positions on Jerusalem
for more information.</ref>
3 Polar ice caps Polar regions
4 Papahnaumokukea
Marine National
Monument
Hawaii, United States
5 Internet Earth
6 Mayan ruins Yucatn Peninsula, Mxico
7 Great Migration of
Serengeti and Masai Mara
Tanzania and Kenya
8 Grand Canyon
(viewer-chosen eighth
wonder)
Arizona, United States
Wonders of the World
8
Seven Natural Wonders of the World
Similar to the other lists of wonders, there is no consensus on a list of seven natural wonders of the world, and there
has been debate over how large the list should be. One of the many existing lists was compiled by CNN:
Grand Canyon
Great Barrier Reef
Harbor of Rio de Janeiro
Mount Everest
Aurora
Parcutin volcano
Victoria Falls
New7Wonders of Nature
Main article: New7Wonders of Nature
New7Wonders of Nature (200711), a contemporary effort to create a list of seven natural wonders chosen through a
global poll, was organized by the same group as the New7Wonders of the World campaign.
Iguazu Falls
Jeju Island
Komodo Island
Puerto Princesa Underground River
Table Mountain
Halong Bay
Amazon Rainforest
Seven Wonders of the Underwater World
The Seven Underwater Wonders of the World was a list drawn up by CEDAM International, an American-based
non-profit group for divers, dedicated to ocean preservation and research.
In 1989 CEDAM brought together a panel of marine scientists, including Dr. Eugenie Clark, to pick underwater
areas which they considered to be worthy of protection. The results were announced at The National Aquarium in
Washington DC by actor Lloyd Bridges, star of TV's Sea Hunt:
Palau
Belize Barrier Reef
Great Barrier Reef
Deep-Sea Vents
Galpagos Islands
Lake Baikal
Northern Red Sea
Wonders of the World
9
Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
Main article: Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
British author Deborah Cadbury wrote Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, a book telling the stories of seven
great feats of engineering of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 2003 the BBC made a seven-part documentary
series on the book, with each episode dramatising the construction of one of the wonders. The seven industrial
wonders are:
SS Great Eastern
Bell Rock Lighthouse
Brooklyn Bridge
London sewerage system
First Transcontinental Railroad
Panama Canal
Hoover Dam
Other lists of wonders of the world
Numerous other authors and organisations have composed lists of the wonders of the world. Travel writer Howard
Hillman published two books on the subject, one with 10 man-made wonders, and one with 10 natural wonders.
British biographer, science writer, and novelist Ronald W. Clark published a book of man-made and natural wonders
titled Wonders of the World, which lists 52 wonders, one for each week of the year.
Seven Wonders of the Solar System
In a 1999 article, Astronomy magazine listed the Seven Wonders of the Solar System. This article was later made into
a video.
Enceladus
The Great red spot
The Asteroid belt
The surface of the Sun
The Oceans of Earth
The Rings of Saturn
Olympus Mons
In popular culture
The Civilization series of computer games has featured many world wonders of all eras, each of which designed to
assist the player strategically should he or she construct it before his or her opponent does. In Civilization V, "natural
wonders" such as Mount Fuji and Old Faithful were added, which also provide a strategic effect if located within the
player's territory. Some games in the series include "national wonders" which can be constructed by any civilization
instead of only one found throughout the fictional world created by the game.
Wonders of the World
10
Notes
[1] http:/ / books. google. ch/ books?id=btDWYgEACAAJ& dq=the+ carrington+ collection& hl=en& sa=X&
ei=h2QIU7X9H-S9ygOs64HwBQ& redir_esc=y
[2] Edward Latham. A Dictionary of Names, Nicknames and Surnames, of Persons, Places and Things (1904),
dm2PkC&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=%22seven+wonders+of+the+middle+ages%22 page 280 (http:/ / books. google. com/
books?vid=OCLC01038938& id=XnuUd4).
[3] Francis Trevelyan Miller, Woodrow Wilson, William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt. America, the Land We Love (1915), page 201 (http:/
/ books.google. com/ books?vid=OCLC00334597& id=UAMqLz88aXAC& pg=PA201& lpg=PA201& dq="seven+ wonders+ of+ the+
middle+ ages").
[4] Palpa, as You Like it, page 67 (http:/ / books.google.com/ books?vid=OCLC20565402& id=edcLAAAAIAAJ& q="seven+ wonders+ of+
the+ medieval+ world"& dq="seven+ wonders+ of+ the+ medieval+ world"& pgis=1))
[5] The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades (2001, page 153))
[6] The Rough Guide To England (1994, page 596))
[7] The Catholic Encyclopedia, v.16 (1913), page 74 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?vid=OCLC06974688& id=2GcQAAAAIAAJ&
pg=PA74& lpg=PA74& dq="wonders+ of+ the+ middle+ ages"& ie=ISO-8859-1)
[8] New Seven Wonders (http:/ / www. new7wonders.com/ index. php?id=3& L=0)
[9] Finalist Page (http:/ / www. new7wonders.com/ index.php?id=306)
[10] Both the USA Today article and the Good Morning America broadcast described this wonder as "Jerusalem's Old City, Israel." Jerusalem is
the capital of Israel under Israeli law. The State of Palestine (according to the Basic Law of Palestine, Title One: Article 3) regards Jerusalem
as its capital.<ref> 2003 Amended Basic Law (http:/ / www. palestinianbasiclaw. org/ basic-law/ 2003-amended-basic-law). Basic Law of
Palestine. Retrieved: 9 December 2012.
[11] https:/ / www.cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ is. html
[12] http:/ / www.un. org/ Depts/ Cartographic/ map/ profile/ israel. pdf
References
Further reading
Ash, Russell, "Great Wonders of the World". Dorling Kindersley. 2000. ISBN 978-0-7513-2886-8
Cox, Reg, and Neil Morris, "The Seven Wonders of the Modern World". Chelsea House Publications: Library.
October 2000. ISBN 0-7910-6048-9
Cox, Reg, Neil Morris, and James Field, "The Seven Wonders of the Medieval World". Chelsea House
Publications: Library. October 2000. ISBN 0-7910-6047-0
D'Epiro, Peter, and Mary Desmond Pinkowish, "What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? and 100 Other Great
Cultural Lists". Anchor. December 1, 1998. ISBN 0-385-49062-3
Morris, Neil, "The Seven Wonders of the Natural World". Chrysalis Books. December 30, 2002. ISBN
1-84138-495-X
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seven Wonders of the World.
Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http:/ / www. asce. org/ history/ seven_wonders. cfm) a list of modern
wonders compiled by the American Society of Civil Engineers
Google Map of the Natural Wonders and Phenomena (http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps/
ms?msid=202977755949863934429. 0004a64d693872c647547& msa=0& ll=23. 241346,-15. 46875& spn=139.
148492,346. 289063)
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Wonders of the World Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=623866724 Contributors: 041744, 1000Fragen, 21655, 97198, A3RO, ABF, Abhijitsathe, Access Denied, Acdx,
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