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    Geometric Reference Systems

    Uploaded by

    Shrey Agarwal
    This document discusses geometric reference systems and transforming coordinates between different systems. It provides background on latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates. The objectives are to learn about reference frames, code transformations between systems, and find coordinates given other point coordinates. The document describes using Taylor series expansions and equations to transform ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates and astronomical coordinates. It provides sample calculations and references.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Geometric Reference Systems

    Uploaded by

    Shrey Agarwal
    58 views5 pages
    This document discusses geometric reference systems and transforming coordinates between different systems. It provides background on latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates. The objectives are to learn about reference frames, code transformations between systems, and find coordinates given other point coordinates. The document describes using Taylor series expansions and equations to transform ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates and astronomical coordinates. It provides sample calculations and references.

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    Assignment on Reference Systems

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses geometric reference systems and transforming coordinates between different systems. It provides background on latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates. The objectives are to learn about reference frames, code transformations between systems, and find coordinates given other point coordinates. The document describes using Taylor series expansions and equations to transform ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates and astronomical coordinates. It provides sample calculations and references.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views5 pages

    Geometric Reference Systems

    Uploaded by

    Shrey Agarwal
    This document discusses geometric reference systems and transforming coordinates between different systems. It provides background on latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates. The objectives are to learn about reference frames, code transformations between systems, and find coordinates given other point coordinates. The document describes using Taylor series expansions and equations to transform ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates and astronomical coordinates. It provides sample calculations and references.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    GI|CE|IITK

    Assignment: 2 Geometric Reference


    Systems
    30/08/2014


    1
    CE678A: Introduction to
    Geodesy
    Shrey Agarwal (11695)








    Abstract
    The assignment deals with the theory of Geometric Reference Systems. The assignment has
    two questions needing MatLab codes to compute geometric coordinates. This assignment
    asks to find the coordinates given one point coordinates and coordinate transformations
    from one system to another.

    Assignment: 2 Geometric
    Reference Systems
    Submission Date 30
    th
    August 2014
    Assignment Number 2
    Assignment Title Geometric Reference Systems
    Student Name Shrey Agarwal
    Student Roll Number 11695

    Evaluation Remarks


    Evaluators Name

    GI|CE|IITK
    Assignment: 2 Geometric Reference
    Systems
    30/08/2014


    2
    CE678A: Introduction to
    Geodesy
    Shrey Agarwal (11695)




    Objectives
    - To learn about different Geometric Reference Frames.
    - Code to transform coordinates from one to the other system.
    - To find coordinates of a point given the coordinates and distance of first point.
    Introduction
    A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on the
    Earth to be specified by a set of numbers or letters. The coordinates are often chosen such that
    one of the numbers represents vertical position, and two or three of the numbers represent
    horizontal position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation.
    The "latitude" ( or phi) of a point on the Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial
    plane and the straight line that passes through that point and is normal to the surface of a
    reference ellipsoid which approximates the shape of the Earth.
    The "longitude" ( or lambda) of a point on the Earth's surface is the angle east or west from a
    reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves
    of great ellipses (often improperly called great circles), which converge at the north and south
    poles.
    To completely specify a location of a topographical feature on, in, or above the Earth, one has to
    also specify the vertical distance from the centre of the Earth, or from the surface of the Earth.
    Because of the ambiguity of "surface" and "vertical", it is more commonly expressed relative to a
    precisely defined vertical datum which holds fixed some known point.

    Figure 1: Ellipsoidal Coordinate System

    GI|CE|IITK
    Assignment: 2 Geometric Reference
    Systems
    30/08/2014


    3
    CE678A: Introduction to
    Geodesy
    Shrey Agarwal (11695)




    Figure 2: Natural/Astronomical Coordinate System

    Software used
    MatLab
    Procedure
    - Given the geodetic coordinates of a point on the ellipsoid, the geodesic azimuth to a
    second point, and the geodesic distance between the points, find the geodetic
    coordinates of the second point, as well as the back-azimuth (azimuth of the first point
    at the second point):
    For the computation we use a Taylor series expansion of latitude, longitude and azimuth.

    For the final computations we use the following equations:

    N: Prime Vertical Radius of Curvature
    S12: Distance between the two points.




    GI|CE|IITK
    Assignment: 2 Geometric Reference
    Systems
    30/08/2014


    4
    CE678A: Introduction to
    Geodesy
    Shrey Agarwal (11695)







    - Transformation of Ellipsoidal Coordinates to Cartesian Coordinates:

    - Transformation of Ellipsoidal Coordinates to Astronomical Coordinates:

    | q
    |
    cos
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    A =
    u =
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + +
    +
    +
    =
    |
    |
    |
    |
    sin
    2
    1
    sin cos
    cos cos

    to according
    computed are , z) y, (x, , s coordinate Cartesian the refer, y which the to
    ellipsoid the and h), , , ( s coordinate geodetic given , summary In
    h e N
    h N
    h N
    z
    y
    x

    GI|CE|IITK
    Assignment: 2 Geometric Reference
    Systems
    30/08/2014


    5
    CE678A: Introduction to
    Geodesy
    Shrey Agarwal (11695)



    Observations and Calculations
    - Answer 1: Q[f: 252328, l: 811716], a: 2532850
    - Answer 2: x: 595586.257m, y: 4862353.428m, z: 4085390.029m
    - Answer 2: : 400100, : 830100, h: 470.12m
    References
    - Geometric Reference Systems (Jekeli, 2012)
    - http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordi
    nate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf
    - http://www.doogal.co.uk/LatLong.php

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