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DEPTH OF FOOTINGS - FOUNDATIONS.

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The footings should be carried below the
top (organic) soli, miscellaneous fill,
abandoned foundation, debris or muck. If
the top loose soil or fill is too deep, two
alternatives may be used depending upon
the relative economy and the time
available :
(i) Removing the top soil directly below
the footing and replacing it with lean
concrete [Fig. 3.1 (a)]
(ii) Removing the top soil in an area
larger than the footing and replacing it
with compacted sand and gravel fill. The
area of the compacted sand and gravel fill
should be sufficiently large to distribute the footing load, as shown in Fig. 3.1 (b).
In either case, it is essential to reach the level of the strata which has the required bearing
capacity adopted for the design of footing.
FIG. 3.1.
Sometimes, the top soil may be good and compact, and may have adequate bearing
capacity. In that case it is desirable to keep the minimum depth of foundation given by
Rankines formula: (Eq. 2.8)
Where is the angle of repose, the values of which may be taken from Table 3.1.

Note: It is to be noted that q is the actual load intensity and not the safe bearing capacity of
soil. Some times, the actual load intensity may be less than the safe bearing capacity of soil,
requiring lesser mnimum depth. When footings are supported on very stiff soil, having very
high safe bearing capacity, the minimum depth of foundation computed on the basis of safe
bearing capacity would come out to be vcry large which is ridiculous. In such soils, the width
of the footing (found from other considerations) would be larger than the one required from
the bearing capacity considerations, thus giving rise to actual soil pressure lesser than the
safe bearing capacity.
TABLE 3.1. VALUES OF UNIT WEIGHT AND ANGLE OF REPOSE.
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DEPTH OF FOOTINGS - FOUNDATIONS. | Builder's Engineer http://www.abuildersengineer.com/2012/11/depth-of-footings-foundatio...
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Categories: FOOTINGS
The depth of footing should also be such that the rate or angle of spread of the load from the
walI base to the outer edge of the ground bearing does not exceed the permissible value, as
envisaged in Fig. 3.3(a).
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FOOTINGS
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FOUNDATIONS (134) PILES (61)
WATERPROOFING (58) STRUCTURES (51)
SOILS (47) FOOTINGS (30) SITE
EXPLORATION (30) BUILDING (29) PAD
FOUNDATIONS (18) STRIP FOUNDATIONS (18)
CONCRETE (15) RAFT FOUNDATIONS (14) DRILLED PIER
FOUNDATIONS (13) RETAINING WALLS (10)
EXCAVATIONS (9) SURFACE SPREAD FOUNDATIONS (9)
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COLIN DALE said...
wot a load of gobbledegook.. put it in plain english ?
May 19, 2014 at 12:22 PM
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