Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 26 views

    Photographic Reproduction May

    Uploaded by

    reacharunk
    This document discusses lighting equipment and techniques used in motion picture studios. It describes two general types of lighting used - spotlights and floodlights. Spotlights can have beam divergences of 8 to 50 degrees using Fresnel lenses or reflectors, while floodlights have an almost 180 degree beam spread. For close-up scenes, floodlights provide general illumination and spotlights provide modeling light. Spotlights are also often used for general illumination on medium and large sets due to greater distances involved. Electrical lighting is sometimes used to supplement daylight for outdoor scenes to provide adequate illumination in shadows, accentuate subjects, and improve modeling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Photographic Reproduction May

    Uploaded by

    reacharunk
    26 views1 page
    This document discusses lighting equipment and techniques used in motion picture studios. It describes two general types of lighting used - spotlights and floodlights. Spotlights can have beam divergences of 8 to 50 degrees using Fresnel lenses or reflectors, while floodlights have an almost 180 degree beam spread. For close-up scenes, floodlights provide general illumination and spotlights provide modeling light. Spotlights are also often used for general illumination on medium and large sets due to greater distances involved. Electrical lighting is sometimes used to supplement daylight for outdoor scenes to provide adequate illumination in shadows, accentuate subjects, and improve modeling.

    Original Description:

    khjkhjkhjk

    Original Title

    LH(549)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses lighting equipment and techniques used in motion picture studios. It describes two general types of lighting used - spotlights and floodlights. Spotlights can have beam divergences of 8 to 50 degrees using Fresnel lenses or reflectors, while floodlights have an almost 180 degree beam spread. For close-up scenes, floodlights provide general illumination and spotlights provide modeling light. Spotlights are also often used for general illumination on medium and large sets due to greater distances involved. Electrical lighting is sometimes used to supplement daylight for outdoor scenes to provide adequate illumination in shadows, accentuate subjects, and improve modeling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views1 page

    Photographic Reproduction May

    Uploaded by

    reacharunk
    This document discusses lighting equipment and techniques used in motion picture studios. It describes two general types of lighting used - spotlights and floodlights. Spotlights can have beam divergences of 8 to 50 degrees using Fresnel lenses or reflectors, while floodlights have an almost 180 degree beam spread. For close-up scenes, floodlights provide general illumination and spotlights provide modeling light. Spotlights are also often used for general illumination on medium and large sets due to greater distances involved. Electrical lighting is sometimes used to supplement daylight for outdoor scenes to provide adequate illumination in shadows, accentuate subjects, and improve modeling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION 14-21

    which may be mounted on platforms placed along the top of the set walls
    or on the floor in the vicinity of the camera. To this foundation the
    cameraman adds variations he feels are needed to interpret a picture
    properly.
    Sound pictures are photographed at the rate of twenty-four pictures per
    second and silent pictures at the rate of sixteen pictures per second. The
    camera shutter covers the lens at least 50 per cent of the picture cycle so
    the exposure time for each sound picture is
    -fe
    second or less and for silent
    pictures less than
    yj
    second. With lens apertures of the order of
    f/2.5
    and currently available films, approximately 100 to 200 footcandles of
    general illumination and about 2 to 4 times this value of modeling illu-
    mination are required. Color film calls for a level of from 250 to 700 foot-
    candles general illumination and for somewhat lower brightness contrasts
    because of the limited exposure latitude of color films.
    7
    Motion-picture-studio lighting equipment. The equipment used for
    motion-picture-studio lighting is of two general typesspotlight" and
    floodlight. Spotlights may employ either Fresnel lenses or glass or polished
    metal reflectors. By adjustment of the light source along the optical axis,
    beam divergences of from 8 to 50 degrees are obtained. (See Figs. 14-4
    and 14-10.) The floodlights ("broadsides" or "broads" as they are known
    in studio parlance) may have a beam spread of almost 180 degrees.
    For "close-ups" and smaller sets, the broadsides supply the general
    illumination and the spots the modeling light.
    The spotlights, opened to their wider beam divergences, are employed
    frequently on the medium-size and larger sets to supply general illumina-
    tion as well as that for modeling, because of the greater distances involved.
    Electrical illumination frequently is used to supplement daylight in
    out-of-door or on-location scenes. This is done to secure adequate illu-
    mination in shadows, accentuate principals, improve modeling, and in
    some cases change shadow direction.
    For this purpose, spotlighting equipment generally is employed and in
    the case of black-and-white photography the discrepancy between the color
    quality of the artificial source and daylight seldom is important. Both
    arcs and incandescent sources must be filtered to produce a close match
    to daylight for color photography.
    PHOTOCHEMICAL REPRODUCTION PROCESSES
    Contact and projection printing (enlarging), photocopying, diazo print-
    ing and blueprinting, and the graphic arts processes of photo-engraving,
    lithography, and photogravure are photochemical reproduction processes.
    8
    (See Table 14-8.)
    Darkroom Lighting
    In general, the radiation from a darkroom illuminant should be of such
    quality as will not appreciably fog photosensitive material during the time
    required for its manipulation. No darkroom light source is absolutely
    safe, and all types will cause fogging if given sufficient time. Consequently,

    You might also like