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    Handbook: Lighting

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    Spectrophotometry involves measuring the spectral reflectance and transmittance of a sample. Spectrophotometers measure the amount of light of each wavelength reflected or transmitted by a sample by comparing it to a standard. The results depend on factors like the slit width, illumination/collection geometry, and calibration, which should be reported with spectrophotometric curves. Photoelectric spectrophotometers can use a tungsten lamp light source and are not as limited in the blue spectrum as visual instruments. Commercial automatic recording instruments illuminate the sample at 6 degrees from normal and view it diffusely from the interior of a hollow sphere.

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    Handbook: Lighting

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    Spectrophotometry involves measuring the spectral reflectance and transmittance of a sample. Spectrophotometers measure the amount of light of each wavelength reflected or transmitted by a sample by comparing it to a standard. The results depend on factors like the slit width, illumination/collection geometry, and calibration, which should be reported with spectrophotometric curves. Photoelectric spectrophotometers can use a tungsten lamp light source and are not as limited in the blue spectrum as visual instruments. Commercial automatic recording instruments illuminate the sample at 6 degrees from normal and view it diffusely from the interior of a hollow sphere.

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    Spectrophotometry involves measuring the spectral reflectance and transmittance of a sample. Spectrophotometers measure the amount of light of each wavelength reflected or transmitted by a sample by comparing it to a standard. The results depend on factors like the slit width, illumination/collection geometry, and calibration, which should be reported with spectrophotometric curves. Photoelectric spectrophotometers can use a tungsten lamp light source and are not as limited in the blue spectrum as visual instruments. Commercial automatic recording instruments illuminate the sample at 6 degrees from normal and view it diffusely from the interior of a hollow sphere.

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    32 views1 page

    Handbook: Lighting

    Uploaded by

    reacharunk
    Spectrophotometry involves measuring the spectral reflectance and transmittance of a sample. Spectrophotometers measure the amount of light of each wavelength reflected or transmitted by a sample by comparing it to a standard. The results depend on factors like the slit width, illumination/collection geometry, and calibration, which should be reported with spectrophotometric curves. Photoelectric spectrophotometers can use a tungsten lamp light source and are not as limited in the blue spectrum as visual instruments. Commercial automatic recording instruments illuminate the sample at 6 degrees from normal and view it diffusely from the interior of a hollow sphere.

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    of 1

    4-24 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

    Spectrophotometry
    Spectrophotometry is the measurement of spectral reflectance and trans-
    mittance.
    21
    Colorimetric data may be obtained from spectrophotometric
    measurements which have been converted to I.C.I, notation. (See page
    4-16.)
    The modes of illumination and collection differ in various spectrophotome-
    ters. Since the results depend on the slit width, the illumination and col-
    lection geometry, and the calibration, these should be reported clearly with
    each spectrophotometric curve.
    Gloss has a marked effect on the object color perceived but gloss itself
    is best measured with instruments such as a goniophotometer. (See Sec-
    tion 5.)
    The color corresponding to any particular mode of illumination
    and observation can, in principle, be determined from separate and inde-
    pendent determinations of the color and gloss of any sample.
    In a spectrophotometer a spectroscope disperses the light into its com-
    ponents and a photometer measures the amount of light of each wavelength
    transmitted or reflected by a sample, by comparing the unknown quantity
    with a standard. In early models, the judgment of match was made by
    eye. This was time-consuming, even if measurements were made only at
    0.02- or 0.04-micron wavelength intervals. Also, if a tungsten filament
    lamp is used as the light source in a visual instrument, it provides so little
    light in the blue end of the spectrum that it is very difficult to make either
    precise or accurate judgments.
    However, photoelectric spectrophotometers are not as greatly handi-
    capped in this way and several are now available in Avhich the illumination
    is satisfactorily provided by a tungsten lamp chosen because it is con-
    venient and emits a continuous spectrum. The latter is a usual require-
    ment in spectrophotometry for if the illumination falling on a sample
    surface has no energy in some part of its spectrum, then no energy can be
    reflected or transmitted for measurement in that part of the spectrum, no
    matter how much a sample may be able to reflect or transmit in that
    region.
    Present commercial models of the best-known automatic recording in-
    strument, shown in Fig. 4-14A, illuminate the sample about 6 degrees from
    the normal, and view it diffusely by gathering light from the white interior
    surface of a hollow sphere. The results correspond to the appearance of
    the sample when held perpendicular to the line of sight in completely
    diffused indirect lighting.
    34
    '
    36
    A manual type of instrument is shown in
    Fig. 4-14B.
    35
    '
    36
    The optics of any spectrophotometer must be designed to utilize as much
    as possible of the available energy so that narrow slit widths may be used
    in making measurements. A good spectrophotometer source must emit
    enough energy in all portions of the spectrum so that measurements may
    be made with slit widths that admit light from bands 0.01 micron or less
    in width.

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