Bio Past Paper

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1. 1991/I/4a
The diagram below shows an apparatus used to study the respiration of germinating seeds :

(i) At the beginning of the experiment, it is better to set the initial water level near the middle of the
glass tubing.
(1) Suggest a reason for this. (1 mark)
(2) Suggest a method of doing this. (2 mark)
(ii) After one hour the water level rose to position A. Explain this phenomenon. (5 marks)
(iii) In another experiment, the concentrated potassium hydroxide solution was replaced by water. After
one hour, the water level remained unchanged. Explain this observation in terms of gaseous
exchange. (1 mark)

2. 1994/I/1b
Two flasks contained yeast cells growing in equal volumes of a sugar solution. Flask A received a constant
air supply whereas flask B did not have any air supply at all. The graph below shows the changes in the
number of yeast cells with time :

HKCEE BIOLOGY | 3.2 Respiration | P.1

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(i) Calculate the difference in the number of yeast cells at hour 20 between the two flasks. Give a reason
to explain why there is such a difference. (5 marks)
(ii) Suggest two reasons for the different rates of reproduction of yeast in flask A at hour 8 and hour 16.
(3 marks)
(iii) Draw and label a simple experimental set-up to show whether heat is released by the yeast cells in
flask A. (4 marks)

3. 1996/I/3c
The diagram below shows a set-up used to measure the rate of respiration of grasshoppers :

(i) (1) Write a simple word equation of aerobic respiration. (1 mark)
(2) The set-up measures the change in the amount of a substance in the word equation. What is this
substance ? (1 mark)


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(ii) What change will occur to the water level in the U-tube after 15 minutes ? Explain your answer.
(4 mark)
(iii) What is the use of flask B ? (1 mark)
(iv) How will the result be different if the experiment is repeated at a higher room temperature ? Explain
your answer. (2 marks)

4. 1997/I/4bi-iii
Yeast is commonly used in the making of bread. The diagrams below show the steps in bread-making :

(i) Explain what happens to the volume of the dough after keeping it at 30C for 1 hour. (3 marks)
(ii) Give a reason why the volume of the dough will not change any more after it has been kept in the
oven for 10 minutes. (1 mark)
(iii) Suggest another industrial application of yeast. (1 mark)

5. 1998/I/3c
The diagram below shows a set-up used to measure the rate of respiration of a rat at 30C :


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A rat was first put into the bell jar and the weight of flask A was measured. Air was then pumped through
the set-up for 30 minutes and the weight of flask A was measured again.
Then the drying agent and the solutions in all three flasks were renewed. The procedures were repeated
without the rat in the bell jar.
The weights of flask A were recorded as shown in the table below :
Set-up Initial weight of
flask A (g)
Final weight of
flask A (g)
Experimental (with rat) 211.8 211.8
Control (without rat) 206.7 206.1
(i) Write a word equation for aerobic respiration. (1 mark)
(ii) What is the use of the potassium hydroxide solution in flaks A ? (1 mark)
(iii) (1) The decrease in weight of flask A in the control set-up is due to the evaporation of water from
the potassium hydroxide solution. Using this information, explain the result in the experimental
set-up. (3 marks)
(2) Calculate the rate of respiration of the rat. (2 marks)
(iv) Suggest two precautions that have to be taken if the set-up is used to measure the rate of respiration
of a potted plant. (2 marks)

6. 1999/I/1biii
At the end of the fitness test, Peters blood was found to contain a high level of lactic acid.
(1) Write a word equation for the process that leads to the production of lactic acid. (1 mark)
(2) Explain the importance of this process. (2 marks)

7. 1999/I/4b
The diagram below shows an experimental set-up used by John to study the changes in the rate of
respiration of mealworms at different temperatures. During the experiment, the position of the plunger
remained unchanged.


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(i) Explain why this set-up can be used to measure the rate of respiration of the mealworms. (4 marks)
(ii) Using the data obtained from this set-up, John worked out the rate of respiration of the mealworms at
different temperatures and the results are shown in the graph below :

(1) What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the experiment ? (2 marks)
(2) Based on biological principles, explain the conclusion obtained in (1). (3 marks)
(iii) Whenever the water bath was changed to a new temperature, John waited for 10 minutes before he
started to take any reading. Explain why this is necessary. (2 marks)


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8. 2004/I/4a
An experiment was carried out to study the changes in blood lactic acid concentration of an athlete during
and after exercise. On Day 1, the athlete ran for 10 minutes and then sat down to rest for 40 minutes. On
Day 2, she performed the same exercise, followed by slow jogging for 40 minutes. The results of the
experiment are shown in the graph below :

(i) Account for the increase in blood lactic acid concentration in the first 10 minutes. (3 marks)
(ii) The rate of carbon dioxide production also increased in the first 10 minutes. Write a word equation
to show how carbon dioxide is produced. (2 marks)
(iii) Why is it harmful to the body cells if the blood contains a level of lactic acid ? (1 mark)
(iv) Referring to the graph, which method, sitting down or slow jogging, is more effective in removing
lactic acid from the blood after exercise ? Based on your biological knowledge, explain why this
method is more effective. (4 marks)

9. 2007/I/8biii
Draw a line on the graph below to show the change in the blood lactic acid level during and after vigorous
exercise. (2 marks)


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