Ex.No.

2
ADDITION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write a program for adding the given two 8- bit number and store the result
in the memory .

Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF

Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to B Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Clear C Register
5. Add the content of the accumulator to B Register content
6. If no carry jump to loop
7. Increment C Register
8. Shift the content of the accumulator to the location 4203
9. Move the contents of the C Register to accumulator.
10. Shift the content of the accumulator to the location 4204
11. Hault the current Program
Program:
ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with
data in 4201
4107 0E,00 MVI C,00 Clear C Register

4109 80 ADD B Add the content of the B

Register to accumulator.
410A D2,0E,41 JNC loop
If no carry jump to loop
410D 0C INR C Increment C Register

410E 32,02,42 STA 4202 Shift the content of the

Loop accumulator to the location
4202
4111 79 MOV A,C Move the contents of the C
Register to the accumulator.

4112 32,03,42 STA 4203 Shift the content of the

accumulator to the location
4203
4115 76 HLT Stop the current Program

Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202 and 4203.

Result:

Thus the 8-bit addition with carry is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 04H

4201 09H
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 0DH
4203 00H
Ex.No.3

ADDITION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language program to add the given two 16- bit number
with carry and store the result in the memory .

Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF

Algorithm:

1. Load the LSB of first data accumulator

2. Move it to B Register
3. Load the LSB of the second data in accumulator
4. Add the content of the accumulator and B Register.
5. Store the result in the given location
6. Load the MSB of the first data in the accumulator.
7. Move it to B Register
8. Load the MSB of the second data in accumulator
9. Add the content if no carry jump to address specified
10. If carry exist increment C Register
11. Shift the content of the accumulator to the desired location
12. Move the contents of the C Register to accumulator.
13. Shift the content of the accumulator to the desired location
14. Hault the current Program
Program:

ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,02,42 LDA 4202 Load the accumulator
with data in 4202
4107 80 ADD B Add the content of the B
Register to accumulator.
4108 32,04,42 STA 4204 Store the content of the A
to the location 4204
410B 0E,00 MVI C,00
Clear C Register
410D 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the content of the
accumulator to the
location
4110 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4111 3A,03,42 LDA 4203 Load the content of A to
the location 4203
4114 88 ADC B Add B register with
Accumulator and carry
4115 D2,19,41 JNC Loop If no carry Jump to Loop
4118 0C INR C Increment C register
4119 32,05,42 STA 4205 Store the content of A to
Loop
the location 4205
411C 79 MOV A,C Move the content of C to
Accumulator
411D 32,06,42 STA 4206 Store the content of A to
the location 4206
411E 76 HLT Stop the current Program
Procedure:
1. Key in opcode from the address specified
2. Enter data to 4200, 4203
3. Execute the program and check the result at the specified location

Result:
Thus the 16-bit addition with carry is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 15H
4201 A0H
4202 75H
4203 B1H
OUTPUT FIELD
4204 8AH
4205 51H
4206 01H
Ex.No. 4

SUBTRACTION OF 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language program to subtract the given 8 bit number and
to store the result in the memory .

Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF

Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to B Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Clear C Register
5. Subtract the content of the accumulator from B Register content
6. If no carry jump to loop
7. Increment C Register
8. Shift the content of the accumulator to the location 4203
9. Move the contents of the C Register to accumulator.
10. Shift the content of the accumulator to the location 4204
11. Hault the current Program
Program:

ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with
data in 4201
4107 0E,00 MVI C,00 Clear C Register

4109 90 SUB B Subtract the content of the B

Register to accumulator.
410A D2,11,41 JNC Loop
If no carry jump to loop
410D 0C INR C Increment C Register
410E 2F CMA A Complement A register
410F C6,01 ADI 01H Add immediately 01H
4111 32,02,42 STA 4202 Shift the content of the
Loop accumulator to the location
4202
4114 79 MOV A,C Move the contents of the C
Register to the accumulator.
4115 32,03,42 STA 4203 Shift the content of the
accumulator to the location
4203
4118 76 HLT Stop the current Program
Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202 and 4203.

Result:

Thus the 8-bit Subtraction is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 AAH

4201 BBH
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 EFH
4207 01H
Ex.No. 5

BCD SUBTRACTION

Aim:
To write an assembly language program to subtract the given BCD numbers
and to store the result in the memory.

Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF

Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to B Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Move the contents of the accumulator to E Register
5. Load Immediate 99 to find 9’s Complement
6. Subtract the content of the E Register content with accumulator
7. Add 01H with Accumulator
8. Add the content of B register with Accumulator
9. Adjust Accumulator content to Decimal
10. Store the result
11. Hault the current Program
Program:

ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with
data in 4201
4107 4F MOV C,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to C Register
4108 3E,99 MVI A,99 Move the value to
Accumulator
410A 91 SUB C Subtract the content of the C
Register to accumulator.
410B C6,01 ADI 01 Add immediate value 01
410D 80 ADD B Add the value of accumulator
to C
410E 27 DAA Convert it to BCD value
410F 32,02,42 STA 4202 Store the content of the
accumulator to the location
4202
4112 76 HLT Stop the current Program
Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202

Result:

Thus the BCD Subtraction is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 25H

4201 50H
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 25H
Ex.No.6

8 – BIT MULTIPLICATION
Aim:
To write a program for multiplying the given two 8- bit number and store the
result in the memory.
Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF
Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to B Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Move the contents of the accumulator to C Register
5. Clear C Register and Accumulator
6. Add the content of the accumulator to B Register content
7. If no carry jump to loop
8. Increment D Register
9. Decrement C Register
10. Jump on no zero to loop1
11. Store the content of the accumulator to the desired location
12. Move the contents of the D Register to accumulator
13. Shift the content of the accumulator to the desired location
14. Hault the current Program
Program:
ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with data
in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with data
in 4201
4107 4F MOV C,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to C Register
4108 AF XRA A Clear A register
4109 16,00 MVI D,00 Clear D register
410B 80 ADD B Add the contents of
Loop1
accumulator to B register
410C D2,10,41 JNC Loop Jump to given location if there
is no carry
410F 14 INR D Increment the D register

4110 0D Loop DCR C Decrement the C register

4111 C2,0B,41 JNZ Loop1 Jump to given location if it is
not zero
4114 32,02,42 STA 4202 Store the content of A to the
location 4202
4117 7A MOV A,D Move the contents of D register
to accumulator
4118 32,03,42 STA 4203 Store the content of A to the
location 4203
411B 76 HLT Stop the current Program

Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202 and 4203.

Result:

Thus the 8-bit multiplication is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 04H

4201 03H
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 0CH
4203 00H
Ex.No.7

BCD MULTIPLICATION
Aim:
To write a program for multiplying the given two 8-bit BCD number and
store the result in the memory.
Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF
Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to B Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Move the contents of the accumulator to C Register
5. Clear D Register and Accumulator
6. Add the content of the accumulator to B Register content
7. Adjust for decimal
8. If no carry jump to loop
9. Increment D Register
10. Decrement C Register
11. Jump on no zero to loop1
12. Store the content of the accumulator to the desired location
13. Move the contents of the D Register to accumulator
14. Store the content of the accumulator to the desired location
15. Hault the current Program
Program:

ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 47 MOV B,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to B Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with
data in 4201
4107 4F MOV C,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to C Register
4108 AF XRA A Clear A register
4109 16,00 MVI D,00
Clear D register
410B 80 ADD B Add the contents of B
Loop1
register to A
410C 27 DAA Decimal adjust the contents
of accumulator
410D D2,11,41 JNC Loop Jump to given location if
there is no carry
4110 14 INR D Increment the D register
4111 0D Loop DCR C Decrement the C register
4112 C2,0B,41 JNZ Loop1 Jump on no zero to Loop1
4115 32,02,42 STA 4202 Store the content of A to the
location 4202
4118 7A MOV A,D Move the contents of the to
D Register to accumulator
4119 32,03,42 STA 4203 Store the content of A to the
location 4202
411C 76 HLT Stop the current Program
Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202 and 4203.

Result:

Thus the 8-bit BCD multiplication is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 04H

4201 03H
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 12H
4203 00H

EX.NO.8
 8 BIT DIVISION
Aim:
To write a program for dividing the given 8- bit number and store the result in
the memory

Specifications:
Microprocessor :Intel 8085
Operating Frequency :3.012MHz
User RAM Area :4100-5FFF

Algorithm:

1. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4200H

2. Move the contents of the accumulator to C Register
3. Load the accumulator by data in the address 4201H
4. Clear D Register
5. Subtract B Register
6. Increment C Register and compare B register with accumulator
7. If no carry jump to loop
8. Store the content of the accumulator to the location 4203
9. Move the contents of the D register to accumulator.
10. Store the content of the accumulator to the location 4204
11. Hault the current Program

Program:
ADDRESS HEX LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
CODE
4100 3A,00,42 LDA 4200 Load the accumulator with
data in 4200
4103 48 MOV C,A Move the contents of the
accumulator to C Register
4104 3A,01,42 LDA 4201 Load the accumulator with
data in 4201
4107 16,00 MVI D,00 Clear D Register
4109 91 SUB C Subtract the content of the
Loop
C Register to accumulator.
410A 14 INR D
Increment D Register
410B B9 CMP C Compare with C reg
410C D2,09,41 JNC Loop If no carry jump to loop
410F 32,02,42 STA 4202 Store the content of A to
the location 4202
4111 7A MOV A,D Move the contents of the
D Register to the A
4112 32,03,42 STA 4203 Store the content of A to
the location 4203
4115 76 HLT Terminate the program
Procedure:

1. Key in opcode from the address specified

2. Enter data to 4200, 4201.
3. Execute the program and check the result at 4202 and 4203.

Result:

Thus the 8-bit Division is performed.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 02H

4201 70H
OUTPUT FIELD
4202 00H
4208 35H

EX.NO.9
 BLOCK MOVE AND REVERSING AN ARRAY OF ELEMENTS

Aim:

To write an assembly language program to perform block move and reversing

an array of elements.

Specification:

Microprocessor : Intel 8085

Operating frequency : 3.102 MHZ
User RAM area : 4100-5FFFH

Algorithm:

Block Move:

1. Move immediately the data 05H to the register C.

2. Load the HL-register pair with data.
3. Load the DE-register pair with data.
4. Move the contents of memory to the accumulator.
5. Store the content of the DE register pair.
6. Increment the HL-register pair.
7. Decrement the register-C.
8. If no zero jump to the loop.
9. Stop the program.

Reversing An Array Of Elements:

1. Load the HL register pair with some data in 4200

2. Load the BC register pair in 4300
3. Move immediately the data 05H to the register D.
4. Move the C-register value to the accumulator.
5. Add the content of the accumulator with D-register.
6. Move the accumulator content to the C-register.
7. Decrement the content of the BE-register pair.
8. Move the content of M to the accumulator.
9. Store the content of the BC-register pair.
10. Increment the content of the HL-register pair.
11. Decrement the content of the BC-register pair.
12. Decrement the content of D-register.
13. If no zero jump to the loop.
14. Stop the process.

Program:
Block Move:
 ADDRESS HEXCODE LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND COMENTS
4100 0E,05 MVI C,05 Move immediately the data
05H to the register C.
4102 21.00,42 LXI H,4200 Load the HL-register pair
with data.
4105 01,00,43 LXI D,4300 Load the DE-register pair
with data.
4108 7E Loop MOV A,M Move the contents of
memory to the accumulator.
4109 12 STAX D Store the content of the DE
register pair.
410A 23 INX H Increment the HL-register
pair.
410B 13 INX D Increment the DE-register
pair.
410C 0D DCR C Decrement the register-C.
410D C2,08,41 JNZ Loop If no zero jump to the loop.
4110 76 HLT Stop the program.

Reversing An Array Of Elements:

ADDRESS HEXCODE LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
4100 21,00,42 LXI H,4200 Load the HL pair with
some data in 4200
4103 D1,00,43 LXI B,4300 Load the BC pair in 4300
4106 16,05 MVI D,05 Move immediately the
data 05H to D register
4108 79 MOV A,C Move the C-register value
to the A
4109 82 ADD D Add the content of D with
Accumulator
410A 4F MOV C,A Move the accumulator
content to the C-register
410B 0B DCX B Decrement the content of
the BE-register pair
410C 7E Loop MOV A,M Move the content of M to
the accumulator
410D 02 STAX B Store the content of the
BC-register pair
410E 23 INX H Increment the content of
the HL-register pair
410F 0B DCX B Decrement the content of
the BC-register pair.
4110 15 DCR D Decrement the content of
D-register.
4111 62,0C,41 JNC Loop If no carry jump to the
loop.
4114 76 HLT Stop the process.

Procedure:
Block Move and Reversing An Array Of Element:

1. Key in opcode from the specified location.

 2. Enter the data into the memory and execute the program.
3. Check for the result and stop the program.

Reversing An Array Of Elements:

Result:

Thus block moving and reversing an array of element is executed successfully

and the output is verified.

Block Move:

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 01H

4201 02H
4202 03H
4203 04H
4204 05H
OUTPUT FIELD
4300 01H
4301 02H
4302 03H
4303 04H
4304 05H

Reversing An Array Of Elements:

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD
INPUT FIELD 4200 01H
4201 02H
4202 03H
4203 04H
4204 05H

OUTPUT FIELD 4300 05H

4301 04H
4302 03H
4303 02H
4304 01H

Ex.No.10

ASCENDING ORDER AND DESCENDING ORDER

Aim:
 To write an assembly language program to perform ascending order and
descending order.

Specification:

Microprocessor : INTEL 8085

Operating frequency : 3.102 MHZ
User RAM area : 4100-5FFFH

Algoritham:

Ascending Order and Descending Order:

1. Move immediately the data 04H to C-register.

2. Load the HL-register pair in the location 4200H
3. Move immediately the data 03H to D-register
4. Move the content if M to the accumulator
5. Increment the content of Hl register pair
6. Compare the content of M register with accumulator.
7. If carry is present jump to loop for ascending order and jump on no carry to
loop for descending order.
8. Move the content of M to the B-register
9. Move the accumulator content to M-register pair
10. Decrement the content of the HL-register pair.
11. Move the content of B-register to M register.
12. Increment the HL-register pair
13. Decrement the D-register.
14. If no zero jump to the loop
15. Decrement the content of C-register.
16. If no zero jump to the loop
17. Stop the program.

Program:

ADDRESS HEXCODE LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

4100 0E,04 MVI C,04 Move immediately 04H
to C-register.
 4102 21,00,42 Loop3 LXI H,4200 Load the HL-register pair
in the location 4200
4105 16,03 MVI D,03 Move immediately the
data 03H to D-register
4107 7E Loop2 MOV A,M Move the content if M to
the accumulator
4108 23 INX H Increment the content of
HL register pair
4109 BE CMP M Compare contents of M
with accumulator.
410A DA,12,41 JC Loop1 If carry is present jump to
Loop1
410D 46 MOV B,M Move the content of M to
the B-register
410E 77 MOV M,A Move the accumulator
content to M-register pair
410F 2B DCX H Decrement the content of
the HL-register pair.
4110 70 MOV M,B Move the content of B to
M register.
4111 23 INX H Increment the HL pair
4112 15 Loop1 DCR D Decrement the D reg.
4113 C2,07,41 JNZ Loop2 If no jump to the Loop2
4116 0D DCR C Decrement the content of
C-register.
4117 C2,02,41 JNZ Loop3 Jump on zero to the
loop3
411A 76 HLT Stop the program.

Program:

ADDRESS HEXCODE LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

4100 0E,04 MVI C,04 Move the 04H to C-register
4102 21,00,42 Loop3 LXI H,4200 Load the HL-register pair
4105 16,03 MVI D,03 Move immediately the data
03H to D-register
4107 7E Loop2 MOV A,M Move the content if M to
the accumulator
4108 23 INX H Increment the content of
HL register pair
4109 BE CMP M Compare the M with
accumulator.
410A D2,12,41 JNC Loop1 If no carry jump to loop1
410D 46 MOV B,M Move the content of M to
the B-register
410E 77 MOV M,A Move the accumulator
content to M-register
410F 2B DCX H Decrement the content of
the HL-register pair.
4110 70 MOV M,B Move the content of B-
register to M register.
4111 23 INX H Increment the content of
HL-register pair
 4112 15 Loop1 DCR D Decrement the content of
D-register.
4113 C2,07,41 JNZ Loop2 Jump on no zero to loop2
4116 0D DCR C Decrement the content of
C-register.
4117 C2,02,41 JNZ Loop3 Jump on no zero to loop3
411A 76 HLT Stop the program.

Procedure:
Ascending Order And Descending Order:

1. Key in opcode from the specified location.

2. Enter the data into the memory and execute the program.
3. Check for the result and stop the program.

Result:

Thus the ascending order and descending order are executed successfully and
the output is verified

Ascending Order:

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 06H
4201 01H
4202 08H
4203 02H

OUTPUT FIELD 4200 01H

4201 02H
4202 06H
4203 08H

Descending Order:

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

INPUT FIELD 4200 05H
4201 01H
4202 07H
4203 03H

OUTPUT FIELD 4200 07H

4201 05H
4202 03H
4203 01H
Ex.No.11

TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

Aim:
 To write an assembly language program to do traffic signal controller and
store result in memory.

Specification:

Microprocessor : INTEL 8085

Operating frequency : 3.102 MHZ
User RAM area : 4100-5FFFH

Algorithm:

1. Load the HL-register pair, move the data OC to C-register.

2. Move the pair to A-register, out the counter
3. Increment HL pair, move HL pair to A-register.
4. Out the port A, increment HL pair.
5. Move the HL pair to A-register, out port B, call delay.
6. Increment HL pair, decrement C register.
7. If no jump to loop1, jump to start.
8. Push B, initialize 05 to C-register.
9. Move D-register to accumulator
10. OR the E-register
11. If no jump to loop, decrement C register.
12. If no jump to loop, pop the B-register.
13. Return.

Program:
ADDRESS HEXCODE LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
4100 21,00,45 Start LXI H,4500 Load the HL-register pair
4103 OE,OC MVI C,OC Move data OC to C register
4105 7E MOV A,M Move HL contents to
accumulator
 4106 D3,OF OUT CNT Count the value
4108 23 INX H Increment HL pair
4109 7E Loop1 MOV A,M Move the content of M to
A-register
410A D3,OC OUT A Out A port
410C 23 INX H Increment HL register pair
410D 7E MOV A,M Move the content of M to
accumulator
410E D3,OD OUT B Out B port
4110 CD,1B,41 CALL Delay Call the Delay
4113 23 INX H Increment HL pair
4114 OD DCR C Decrement the C register
4115 C2,09,41 JNZ LOOP1 If no zero jump to loop
4118 C3,00,41 JMP Start Jump to Start
411B C5 Delay PUSH B Push B register
411C OE,05 MVI C,05 Move data 05 to C register
411E 11,FF,FF Loop3 LXI D,FF,FF Load the DE-pair
4121 1B Loop2 DCX D Decrement D-register
4122 7A MOV A,D Move D-register to
accumulator
4123 B3 ORA E OR the E-register
4124 C2,21,41 JNZ Loop2 If no zero jump to Loop2
4127 OD DCR C Decrement C-register
4128 C2,1E,41 JNZ Loop3 If no zero jump to Loop3
412B C1 POP B Pop the B-register
412C C9 RET Return

Procedure:

4. Key in opcode from the specified location.

5. Enter the data in 4500 to 4508.

Result:

Thus the traffic signal controller is carried out.

CONTENT ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

Input field 4500 80,1A,A1,64,
A4,81,5A,64,54

Ex.No.12
STUDY OF 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
Aim:
To study about the operation of 8086 Microprocessor
Specification:
1. Processor, Clock Frequency: Intel 8086/8088CPU at 5/4.77 MHz Clock
2. Memory:
MONITOR EPROM : F000:0000-3FFF for 16K
EPROM EXPANSION : F000:0000-1FFF for 64K
SYSTEM RAM : 0000:1000-3FFF for 16K
SYSTEM RAM EXPANSION : 0000:1000-FFFF for 64K
INTERRUPT VECTORS : 0000:0000-03FF
STACK/DATA AREA : 0000:0400-0FFF
(MONITOR,ASM/DSM,EDITOR)
3. PERIPHERALS:
PARALLEL I/O : 48 I/O lines using two numbers of 8255
SERIAL : one number of RS232C – Serial Interface using 8251A
USART
Timer : 3 Channel 16- Programmable Timer 8253. Channel 0
used as baud rate generator for the Serial Port
4. DISPLAY : 16*2 LCD DISPLAY
5. KEYBOARD : IBM PC-AT KEYBOARD
6. AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE WITH FILE MANAGEMENT
7. SYSTEM POWER CONSUMPTION: +5V : 1.5 Amps
8. POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS:
Model : SMPS-01
Mains : 230V AC at 50Hz
Input : 230V AC at 50H
Output : +5Volts, 3 Amps regulated
+12Volts, 250 mA regulated
-12Volts, 250 mA regulated
+30Volts, 250mA regulated
9. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
M -86/88 LCD PCB : 830mm*680mm
10. Bus Expansion:
A new concept of VXT_Bus has been incorporated in M – 86/88 LCD
which facilitates addition of extra hardware on to M-86/88 LCD. An
unlimited number of Add-On Boards can be added to this expansion bus.
 All buffered address, data and control signals are brought out to this bus.
The trainer provision for one VXT_Bus connectors.

COMMAND KEY FUNCTION MEMORY:

RES :
This RES key allows the user to terminate any activity and return the M- 86/88
LCD to an initialized state. When pressed, message appears in the display for a few
seconds and then the monitor will come to the command prompt “TECH-8086” only
after this prompt is displayed, the commands will be accepted.
INT :
The INT key allows the user to interrupt any activity and return to the
command prompt.
Substitute Memory Command:
Function:
This command is used to examine the contents of selected memory location
and modify the RAM contents if desired.
Syntax:
(i) #SB <ADDR><CR>
#SB - Substitute byte command word
<ADDR> - User can enter the address in segment
<CR> - Keyboard Return
(ii) #SW <ADDR><CR>
#SW - Substitute Word command word
<ADDR> - address either segment
<CR> - Keyboard Return
Register Command:
Syntax:
#R <R><CR>
R - Register view/modify command word
<CR> - Carriage Return
Go and Execute Command:
Function:
The Go and Execute command is used to run a program. This command
transfers control of the 8086A CPU from the monitor program to user programs.
Syntax:
#GO <ADDR><CR>
#GO - Go command
<ADDR> - 16 bit address
<CR> - Carriage Return
Go and Execute Command with break point:
Function:
This command executes a block of program whose start and end address are
specified.
Syntax:
#GO <Start ADDR><End ADDR><CR>
#GO - Go with break command
<start ADDR> - Program start address
<End ADDR> - Program end address
<CR> - Carriage Return
Trace command:
Function:
This command helps the user to execute programs in steps i.e Instruction. This
command will be very helpful while debugging programs.
Syntax:
#TR <ADDR><CR>
#TR - Trace command word
<ADDR> - Program starting address
<CR> - Carriage Return
Fill command:
Function:
This command permits a block of RAM memory to be filled with desired data
byte.
Syntax:
(i) #FB <Start ADDR><End ADDR><Byte data><CR>
# FB - Fill byte command word
<Start ADDR > - Block starting address
<End ADDR> - Block ending address
<Byte data> - Word data to be filled
 <CR> - Carriage Return
(ii) #FW <Start ADDR><End ADDR><data><CR>
# FW - Fill Word command word
<Start ADDR > - Block starting address
<End ADDR> - Block ending address
<Byte data> - Word data to be filled
<CR> - Carriage Return
Insert command:
Function:
This command inserts specified file bytes in the desired memory location.
Syntax:
#ISB <Insert ADDR><Program End ADDR ><CR>
# ISB - Insert Byte command Prompt
<Insert ADDR> - Insert address
<Program End ADDR> - End address of the block
<CR> - Carriage Return
Delete command:
Function:
This command deletes a block of bytes from a memory.
Syntax:
#DEB <Start ADDR><End ADDR><Program End ><CR>
# DEB - Delete Byte command Word
<start ADDR> - Delete block start address
<End ADDR> - Delete block End address
<Program End > - Program End Address
<CR> - Carriage Return
Input command:
Function:
This command Inputs data from the desired Port.

Syntax:
#IB <Port ADDR ><CR>
# IB - Input Byte command Word
<Port ADDR> - Valid Input address
 <CR> - Carriage Return
Output command:
Function:
This command Outputs data to the desired Port.
Syntax:
#OB <Port ADDR ><Data><CR>
#OB - Output Byte command Word
<Port ADDR> - Valid Output address
<Data> - Output Data
<CR> - Carriage Return

RESULT:
Thus, the operation of 8086 microprocessor is studied.