Nema-Cc 1

ANSI/NEMA CC 1
ELECTRIC POWER
CONNECTION
FOR SUBSTATIONS
http//:www.wangd.com


Approved as an American National Standard
ANSI Approval Date: September 27, 2005

NEMA Standards Publication CC 1-2005

Electric Power Connection for Substations

Published by:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 North 17th Street
Rosslyn, Virginia 22209

www.nema.org

Copyright 2005 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into
other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.
NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons
engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed.
Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person
participating in the development of this document.

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of
which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus
standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the
views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA
administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of
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the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in
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guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue
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In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional
or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any
duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on
his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent
professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.
Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from
other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered
by this publication.

NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of
this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety
or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety
related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the
responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.

CC 1-2005
Page i
Copyright 2005 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.

CONTENTS
Page

Foreword.....................................................................................................................................ii
Section 1 GENERAL.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope.................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 References.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2
Section 2 REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Current Ratings for Bare Copper Conductors and Tubing.................................................. 5
2.2 Current Ratings for Aluminum Conductors and Pipe Conductors ...................................... 7
2.3 EHV and UHV Power Connectors ...................................................................................... 9
2.4 Frequency ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Temperature Rise (See 3.1.) .............................................................................................. 9
2.6 Pullout Strength (See 3.2.)............................................................................................... 10
2.7 Cantilever Strength of Bus Supports (See 3.4.)................................................................ 10
2.8 Torque Strength of Bolted Connectors ............................................................................. 10
2.9 Aluminum Weldment Couplers ......................................................................................... 10
Section 3 TEST METHODS....................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Temperature Rise Tests ................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Pullout Strength Tests....................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Corona and RIV Tests ...................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Cantilever Strength of Bus Supports................................................................................. 14
3.5 Torque Strength Test of Bolted Connectors ..................................................................... 15
3.6 Tensile Test of Welded Couplers...................................................................................... 15
3.7 Bending Test of Welded Couplers .................................................................................... 15
Section 4 DESIGN AND MARKING REQUIREMENTS............................................................................ 16
4.1 Clamping Fasteners for Connectors ................................................................................. 16
4.2 Identification Marking........................................................................................................ 16
4.3 Designation of Connector Sizes........................................................................................ 16
4.4. Thread Dimensions for Stud Terminal Connectors........................................................... 17
4.5 Bolt Holes for Terminal Connectors with Single Tangs or Multiple Flat Bar Tangs.......... 17
4.6 Conductor Clamping Bolts for Connectors ....................................................................... 17
4.7 Tensile Strength of Bolts................................................................................................... 22
4.8 Expansion Connectors...................................................................................................... 22
4.9 Terminal Connectors......................................................................................................... 22
4.10 Flat Plain Washers .......................................................................................................... 23
4.11 Dimensional Requirements for Bus Supports and Offset Pad Connectors..................... 23
4.12 Recommendation for Making Connections ..................................................................... 25
4.13 Tongue Mounting Fasteners ........................................................................................... 26
Annex A NEMA STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO. 107-1987 (1993) ..................................................... 27
Annex B BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS...................................................................... 46
Annex C BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS USED IN OTHER COUNTRIES ................. 48

CC 1-2005
Page ii
Foreword

The purpose of this publication is to provide standard test methods and performance requirements for the
electrical and mechanical characteristics of connectors under normal operating conditions.

User needs in the development of this Standards Publication have been recognized through the normal
marketing determination of customer acceptance done by individual NEMA members, and through the
procedures inherent in its approval as an American National Standard.

The Electrical Connector Section of NEMA, in its constant review of the publication, continues to seek out
the views of responsible users, which will contribute to the development of better standards.

These standards are periodically reviewed by the Electrical Connector Section for any revisions
necessary to keep them up to date with advancing technology. Proposed or recommended revisions are
welcome and should be submitted to:

Vice President, Technical Services

This Standards Publication was developed by the Electrical Connector Section of the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association. At the time it was approved, the Electrical Connector Section had the
following members:

Greg Nienaber, Chairman
Vince Baclawski, Secretary

Organization Represented: Name of Representative:

Sicame Corporation Scott Casler
Tyco Electronics/AMP Mark E. Johnson
FCI USA Inc. Alan Beck
Connector Manufacturing Company Greg T. Nienaber
ILSCO Corporation David Fitzgibbon
Thomas & Betts Corporation George Dauberger
Hubbell Power Systems Niel Vandermeulen
3M Carl Wentzel
Homac Manufacturing Company James Zahnen
MacLean Power Systems David Dembowski
Panduit Corporation Thomas Panozzo
Cooper Power Systems David Servies
South Atlantic, LLC Gregg Allen
Galvan Industries, Inc. Roger Montambo
Erico, Inc. Steve Rohacz
Connector Castings Inc. Ed Youngblood

CC 1-2005
Page 1
Section 1
GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

This standard covers uninsulated connectors and bus supports that are made of metal and intended for
use with conductors or bus made of copper or aluminum alloy and found in substations. Connectors that
are supplied in equipment are covered by the appropriate equipment standards and are excluded from
this standard.

1.2 REFERENCES

The following publications are adopted in part, by reference in this publication, and are available from the
organizations below:

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990

B18.2.1-1996 Standard for Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
Hex Cap Screw and Lag Screws
B18.2.2-1987 (R1999) Square and Hex Nuts
B18.22.1-1965 (2003) Standard for Plain Washers
B18.21.1-1999 Standard for Lock Washers

Institute or Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
445 Hoes Lane,
Piscataway, New Jersey

738-1993 Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature of Bare Overhead Conductors
C2-2002 National Electrical Safety Code

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
3, rue de Varembe
P.O. Box 131
1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland

60028 Ed. 2.0-1925 International standard of resistance for copper
CC 1-2005
Page 2

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

107-1987 (R1993) Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage of High Voltage Apparatus

1.3 DEFINITIONS

angle connector: An angle connector joins two conductors end to end at a specified angle.

angle of a connector: The angle of a connector is: a) In the case of an angle connector, the deflected
angle. b) In the case of a branch connector, the least angle between the branch and the main conductor.

bolted-type connector: In a bolted-type connector, the contact between the conductor and the connector
is made by pressure exerted by one or more clamping bolts.

branch connector: A branch connector is an angle connector which joins a branch conductor to the main
conductor at a specified angle.

bus support: A bus support is a metal member, usually mounted on an insulator, which supports a bus
conductor.

combined "t" and straight connector ("t" coupler): A combined "T" and straight connector joins two
main conductors end to end and also joins a branch conductor to the main conductors at an angle of 90
degrees.

conductor: A conductor is constructed from conducting material so that it may be used as a carrier of
electric current.

connector: A connector is a device that joins two or more conductors for the purpose of providing a
continuous electrical path.

cross connector: A cross connector joins two branch conductors to the main conductor. The branch
conductors are opposite to each other and perpendicular to the main conductor.

design tests: Design tests are made on the completion of the development of a new design to establish
representative performance data. They need to be repeated only if the design is changed to modify its
performance.

HV (high voltage), EHV (extra-high-voltage), and UHV (ultra-high-voltage), power connectors: An HV,
EHV, or UHV power connector is a connector, bus support, or other device which, when installed on its
conductor, does not generate corona or electrical noise at nominal voltage.

expansion connector: An expansion connector provides a flexible connection between rigid conductors or
between a rigid conductor and electrical apparatus.

extra high voltage (EHV): A nominal system voltage that is greater than 230 kilovolts but less than 1100
kilovolts.

high voltage (HV): A nominal system voltage not exceeding 230 kilovolts.
CC 1-2005
Page 3

hot-line clamp (live-line connector): A hot-line clamp is a connector which shall be permitted to be
installed while the conductor is energized.

"L" connector: An "L" connector is an angle connector which joins two conductors end to end at an angle
of 90 degrees.

main conductor (run): A main conductor is a continuous conductor from which other conductors branch.

pad (solid or laminated block) angle terminal connector: A pad (solid or laminated block) angle terminal
connector joins a conductor to the terminal pad (solid or laminated block) of electrical apparatus at a
specified angle.

pad (solid or laminated block) terminal connector: A pad (solid or laminated block) terminal connector
joins a conductor to the terminal pad (solid or laminated block) of electrical apparatus.

parallel connector: A parallel connector joins two parallel conductors which may overlap each other.

pressed-tubular terminal connector: A pressed-tubular terminal connector is fabricated or pressed from
tubing.

pressure-type connector: In a pressure-type connector the pressure to fix the connector to the electrical
conductor is applied by integral screw, cone, or other mechanical parts.

range-taking (multisize) connector: A range-taking connector accommodates more than one conductor
size.

routine tests: Routine tests are made to verify the quality and uniformity of the workmanship and materials
used in the manufacture of electric power connectors.

service connector: A service connector is a parallel connector in which the contact between the
conductors is obtained by mechanically applied pressure.

shrink-fit-type connector: In a shrink-fit-type connector the contact between the conductor and the
connector is made by a shrink fit.

single-size connector: A single-size connector accommodates only one conductor size.

soldered-type connector: In a soldered-type connector the contact between the conductor and the
connector is made by a soldered joint.

split-sleeve connector: A split sleeve connector is of split-sleeve form and is tinned for soldering.

straight adapter connector (straight adapter): A straight adapter connector joins two conductors of
different shapes end to end in a straight line.

straight connector: A straight connector joins two lengths of conductor end to end in a straight line.

straight coupler connector (coupler): A straight coupler connector joins two conductors of equal sizes
end to end in a straight line.

straight reducer connector (reducer): A straight reducer connector joins two conductors of unequal sizes
end to end in a straight line.

CC 1-2005
Page 4
stud angle terminal connector: A stud angle terminal connector joins a conductor to the round terminal
stud of electrical apparatus at a specified angle.

stud terminal connector: A stud terminal connector joins a conductor to the round terminal stud of
electrical apparatus.

"T" connector: A "T" connector is a branch connector that joins a branch conductor to the main conductor
at an angle of 90 degrees.

tang: A tang is that portion of a connector that is used to fasten a connector to a terminal pad.

tap conductor: A tap conductor branches off from a main conductor.

terminal connector: A terminal connector joins a conductor to a lead, terminal pad (solid or laminated
block), or round terminal stud of electrical apparatus.

terminal pad: A terminal pad is the (usually) flat conducting part of a device to which a terminal connector
is fastened.

threaded-type connector: In a threaded-type connector the contact between the conductor and the
connector is made by pressure exerted on a threaded part.

twisted sleeve connector: A twisted sleeve connector is a parallel connector in which the contact between
the conductors is obtained by forming a spiral twist in the connector and conductors after they are
assembled.

ultra high voltage (UHV): A nominal system voltage that is equal to or greater than 1100 kilovolts.

"V" connector: A "V" connector joins two branch conductors to a main conductor. The branch conductors
are perpendicular to the main conductor and have an included angle between them of less than 180
degrees.

wedge-type connector: In a wedge-type connector the contact between the conductor and the connector
is made by pressure exerted by a wedge.

"Y" connector: A "Y" connector joins two branch conductors to the main conductor at an angle. The three
conductors are in the same plane.

weld-type connector: In a weld-type connector the contact between the conductor and the connector is
made by welding.
CC 1-2005
Page 5
Section 2
REQUIREMENTS

2.1 CURRENT RATINGS FOR BARE COPPER CONDUCTORS AND TUBING

The 60-Hz current ratings of copper conductors having a conductivity of 98 percent IACS (International
Annealed Copper Standard) and copper tubing conductors shall be in accordance with Tables 2-1 and 2-2.

Table 2-1
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE COPPER CABLE CONDUCTORS
1

Size of Conductors Current (A)
2

AWG or kcmil mm
2
Indoor Outdoor

Solid Conductor
1/0 54 160 250
2/0 67 190 290
4/0 107 260 390
Stranded Conductor
1/0 54 160 250
2/0 67 190 300
4/0 107 270 400
250 127 290 430
400 203 410 580
500 253 480 670
600 304 540 750
750 380 630 860
1000 507 770 1030
1500 760 1000 1310
2000 1013 1190 1530

NOTES
1. Table 2-1 calculated according to ANSI/IEEE STD 738-1993
2. The minimum distance between conductors shall be 457 mm (18 in), unless the proximity effect should be taken into
consideration.
CC 1-2005
Page 6

Table 2-2
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE COPPER TUBING CONDUCTORS
1

Standard Pipe Size Current (A)
2

Indoor Outdoor

Trade Size O.D. Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule
in. In. Mm 40 80 40 80
1/2 0.840 21.00 380 420 510 580
3/4 1.050 26.25 540 590 710 780
1 1.315 32.88 650 750 850 1010

1-1/4 1.660 41.50 870 975 1120 1250
1-1/2 1.900 47.50 1020 1150 1280 1450
2 2.375 59.38 1250 1500 1550 1850

2-1/2 2.875 71.88 1700 1975 2000 2400
3 3.500 87.50 2175 2475 2550 2950
3-1/2 4.000 100.00 2575 2875 3050 3400

4 4.500 112.50 2850 3100 3400 3800
5 5.563 125.03 3450 3850 4100 4600
6 6.625 165.63 4000 4500 4700 5200

NOTES
1. The current ratings in this table are based upon NEMA Std 4-22-1943, Rev 7-13-1960.
2. The minimum distance between the tubing conductors shall be 457 mm (18 inches), unless the proximity effect should be
taken into consideration.

2.1.1 Ampacity Rating Basis for Copper Conductors

2.1.1.1 Indoor ratings are calculated for a 30C rise above the ambient temperature of 40C in still but
unconfined air.

2.1.1.2 Outdoor ratings are given for a wind velocity of 0.6 meters per second (2 ft per second), an
ambient air temperature of 40
C, a conductor temperature of 70
C (30
C rise), and emissivity, e, equal to

0.35. Sun effect was not taken into consideration due to the wide variation depending upon the location.
The designer should recalculate these values to take sun effect into consideration once the installation
location is determined

2.1.1.3 If higher current ratings are desired, connector test currents per 3.1.1 should be adjusted
accordingly
CC 1-2005
Page 7

2.2 CURRENT RATINGS FOR ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS AND PIPE CONDUCTORS
The 60-Hz current ratings of aluminum conductors or aluminum pipe conductors shall be in accordance with
Tables 2-3 and 2-4.

Table 2-3
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE ALUMINUM CABLE CONDUCTORS
1

Size of Conductors Current (A)
2, 3

AWG or kcmil mm
2
Indoor Outdoor
Solid Conductor
1/0 54 120 190
2/0 67 140 220
4/0 107 210 300
Stranded Conductor
1/0 54 130 200
2/0 67 150 230
4/0 107 200 320
250 127 240 350
400 203 340 480
500 253 400 550
600 304 450 620
750 380 530 720
1000 507 650 870
1500 760 850 1110
2000 1013 1030 1320

NOTES
1. Table 2-3 calculated according to ANSI/IEEE STD 738-1993.
2. Current Ratings are based upon 57-61% conductivity IACS Cable.
3. The minimum distance between conductors shall be 457 mm (18 in), unless the proximity effect is be taken into
consideration.

CC 1-2005
Page 8

Table 2-4
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE ALUMINUM PIPE CONDUCTORS
1

Standard Pipe Size Current (A)
2, 3

Indoor Outdoor
Trade Size O.D. Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule
in, in. mm 40 80 40 80
1/2 .840 21.00 315 360 400 455
3/4 1.050 26.25 400 455 495 565
1 1.315 32.88 535 605 650 740
1-1/4 1.660 41.50 680 780 810 930
1-1/2 1.900 47.50 790 910 930 1070
2 2.375 59.38 1000 1175 1155 1355
2-1/2 2.875 71.88 1365 1570 1550 1780
3 3.500 87.50 1670 1935 1895 2195
3-1/2 4.000 100.00 1945 2265 2170 2530
4 4.500 112.50 2230 2605 2460 2880
4-1/2 5.001 127.03 2515 2955 2750 3230
5 5.563 125.03 2845 3355 3080 3635
6 6.625 165.63 3500 4205 3735 4490

NOTES

1. The current ratings in this table are based upon NEMA Std 8-16-1951, Rev. 7-13-1960.
2. Current Ratings are based upon 53% conductivity IACS. Pipe or Tubing available in other conductivity values will affect this
table. See 2.2.3 below
3. The minimum distance between conductors shall be 457 mm (18 in), unless the proximity effect should be taken into
consideration.

2.2.1 Ampacity Rating Basis for Aluminum Conductors

2.2.1.1 Indoor ratings are calculated for a 30C rise above the ambient temperature of 40C in still but
unconfined air.

2.2.1.2 Outdoor ratings are given for a wind velocity of 0.6 meters per second (2 ft per second), an
ambient air temperature of 40
C, a conductor temperature of 70
C (30
C rise), and emissivity, e, equal to

0.35. Sun effect was not taken into consideration due to the wide variation depending upon the location.
The designer should recalculate these values to take sun effect into consideration once the installation
location is determined.

2.2.1.3 If higher current ratings are desired, connector test currents per 3.1.1 should be adjusted
accordingly.
CC 1-2005
Page 9

2.2.2 Current Ratings for Different Aluminum Conductivity

For aluminum tubing with conductivities other than 53%, the current ratings should be adjusted in
accordance with the following formula:

i
(New Alloy)
= I
(53%)
(Conductivity of new alloy/0.53)
1/2

I
(New Alloy)
Current Rating of New Alloy
I
(53%)
Current Rating of 53% alloy from the table above

Example: To find the outdoor rating of 2 in., 6061-T6 Schedule 40 pipe.
I
(53%)
= 1155 A
Conductivity of 6061T6 pipe = 43%

I
(6061)
= 1155 A X (0.43 / 0.53)
1/2
= 1040 A

2.3 EHV AND UHV POWER CONNECTORS

The requirements for EHV and UHV power connectors shall be based on the minimum design phase
spacing and distance from ground plane as shown in Table 2-5 (see 3.3, Corona and RIV tests). The visual
corona and audible noise extinction voltage test shall be at least 10% greater than the nominal operating
voltage. The radio influence voltage (RIV) level shall be below 200 microvolts at this voltage. All tests shall
be conducted under laboratory conditions.

Table 2-5
MINIMUM PHASE SPACINGS AND GROUND CLEARANCES

Nominal
Operating
Voltage

Phase Spacing

Distance from
Ground Plane
kV m ft m ft
230 3.4 11 4.6 15
345 4.9 16 7.6 25
500 7.6 25 9.1 30
765 13.7 45 13.7 45
1100* 16.8 55 16.8 55
*1100 kV spacing and height were based upon work performed for the Waltz Mill, Pa Test Station.

2.4 FREQUENCY

The frequency of the power connectors covered by this publication shall be 60 hertz.

2.5 TEMPERATURE RISE (SEE 3.1.)

2.5.1 Temperature Rise of the Conductor

The temperature rise of an electric power connector shall not exceed the temperature rise of the conductor
with which it is intended to be used. The temperature rise of an electric power connector which connects
CC 1-2005
Page 10
conductors of varying sizes shall not exceed the temperature rise of the conductor having the highest
temperature rise.

2.5.2 Average Temperature of an Expansion Electric Power Connector

The average temperature of an expansion electric power connector shall be in accordance with 2.5.1. The
hot-spot temperature rise shall not exceed the average temperature rise by more than 10C.

2.6 PULLOUT STRENGTH (SEE 3.2.)

The pullout strength of the connector shall be as shown in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6
MINIMUM CONNECTOR PULLOUT STRENGTH

Wire or Cable Size Pullout Strength
AWG or kcmil mm
2
N lbf
6-1/0 13-54 1334 300
2/0-4/0 67-107 2224 500
250-500 127-253 4448 1000
above 500 above 253 8896 2000

2.7 CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF BUS SUPPORTS (SEE 3.4.)
When tested in accordance with 3.4, the minimum cantilever strength of bus supports shall be in
accordance with Table 2-7.
Table 2-7
MINIMUM CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF BUS SUPPORTS

Bronze Aluminum
N (lbf) N (lbf)
2224 (500) 8896 (2000)

2.8 TORQUE STRENGTH OF BOLTED CONNECTORS

The connector shall withstand, without damage, a torque value 50% above the appropriate torque values
given in Table 4-4, Nominal Torque Values. Damage is defined as any crack or opening detected by the
naked eye.

2.9 ALUMINUM WELDMENT COUPLERS

The design of the coupler shall be such that failure of the assembly will occur in the annealed tubular bus
when subjected to either a tensile or bending load test.

The welded connections shall have an electrical conductivity equal to or greater than the original bus.
The recommended welding methods are tungsten inert gas (TIG) or metallic inert gas (MIG).
CC 1-2005
Page 11
Section 3
TEST METHODS

3.1 TEMPERATURE RISE TESTS

3.1.1 Temperature Rise Tests

At the discretion of the manufacturers, temperature rise tests on electric power connectors shall be
permitted to be conducted either indoors or outdoors. The temperature rise shall be determined at 100,
125, and 150% of the rated current in accordance with 3.1.3, with equilibrium temperatures obtained at each
level. Equilibrium temperature is defined as a constant temperature (+/-2C) between three successive
measurements taken five minutes apart. Measurements are made at the end of the first 30 minutes and at
one-hour intervals thereafter until completion of the test. The rated current shall be in accordance with
Table 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 or 2-4.

This test is not intended to qualify the connectors for service higher than the normal rating (2.0). If the user
desires to operate the conductor and connectors at a higher temperature rating, the test currents shall be
raised to a value agreed upon between the manufacturer and user.

3.1.2 Test Loop Preparation

In order to eliminate heat sinks or hot spots on the test loop, conductors of the correct size and type shall
have a length from each opening of the connector to the point where the connection is made to the circuit of
at least 8X the conductor diameter, but not less than 1.2m (4 ft).

3.1.3 Current Values to be Used in the Temperature Rise Tests

The current to be used for temperature rise tests of various types of connectors shall be in accordance with
the following:

a) Terminal Connectors - The current shall be either the current rating of the equipment to which the
connector is connected, or the current rating of the conductor for which the opening is designed, whichever
is lower.

b) Angle and Straight Connectors - The values of current shall be selected on the basis of the conductor
that has the lower current-carrying value where the openings are of two sizes, and on the basis of the
conductor that is common to both openings where the openings are of the same size.

c) "T" Connectors - The test current shall be based on the conductor having the lowest current rating in the
assembly.

CC 1-2005
Page 12
3.1.4 Expansion Connector Measurements

Figure 3-1
THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS

On expansion connectors, measurements shall be made in accordance with the following:

a) Thermocouples shall be attached to the top surface of the individual flexible elements at the center of the
free length. (See Figure 3-1.)
b) The temperature of each flexible element forming the entire connector shall be measured. The highest
temperature shall be recorded and compared to the requirements given in 2.5.
c) All of the temperature measurements shall be averaged to obtain the average temperature rise of the
expansion connector.

3.2 PULLOUT STRENGTH TESTS

The pullout strength test of connectors shall be made with both the maximum and minimum size of
conductor, either aluminum or copper, that each particular connector is designed to accommodate. The
connector shall be fastened to the conductor and the clamping bolts tightened in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation. A tensile load shall be applied between the jaws at a crosshead speed
not exceeding 20.8 mm per minute per meter of length (1/4 in. per minute per foot of length).

3.3 CORONA AND RIV TESTS

3.3.1 Test Setup

Connectors shall be tested while assembled with the conductor on which they are to be used.
Dimensionally equivalent tubing shall be permitted to be substituted for stranded conductors. The connector
and conductor to be tested shall be in a clean, dry, and new condition.

3.3.2 Tests Performed under Single-Phase Conditions

Tests shall be permitted to be performed under single-phase conditions, but results must be corrected to
provide the connector rating at the center phase of a three-phase system. This shall be done as follows:

a) Determine the conductor voltage gradient by using the corona-extinction test voltage and the test
condition in the formulae in Figures 3-2 and 3-3.
b) Determine the line-to-ground voltage at which the connector will operate by using the voltage gradient
determined in item 1 and the actual "operating rating" conditions in the formulae in Figures 3-4 and 3-5.

CC 1-2005
Page 13
Where:

h = distance from center of conductor to ground plane, centimeters.
r = radius of the individual conductor, centimeters.
s = conductor centerline spacing in the bundle, centimeters.
d = phase-to-phase spacing of bundle centerlines, centimeters.
V
1
= line-to-ground corona-extinction test voltage, kV.
V
2
= line-to-ground corona-extinction operating voltage, kV.
E
a
= average voltage gradient at the surface of the conductor, kV/cm.
E
m
= maximum voltage gradient at the surface of a single conductor, kV/cm.
r
e
= equivalent single-conductor radius of bundled conductors, centimeters.
n = number of conductors in the bundle.
= 1 for 1-, 2- and 3- conductor bundles; =1.2 for 4-conductor bundles
ln = natural logarithm.

Figure 3-2
CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE GRADIENT
FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR

Figure 3-3
CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE GRADIENT FOR BUNDLED CONDUCTOR

CC 1-2005
Page 14

Figure 3-4
LINE TO GROUND VOLTAGE FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR (THREE PHASE)

Figure 3-5
LINE TO GROUND VOLTAGE FOR BUNDLED CONDUCTOR (THREE PHASE)

3.3.3 Observations for Visual Corona

Observations for visual corona shall be made in a darkened area after the eye has adapted to the dark.
Binoculars or image amplification equipment can be used to locate and observe the presence or absence of
positive corona, neglecting any negative glow corona, as only the positive corona contributes significantly to
the radio noise. A voltage up to 30% above the test voltage shall be applied to establish the critical corona
location, if any. The corona extinction voltage shall be observed as the voltage is decreased.

3.3.4 RIV Measurements

RIV measurements shall be made in accordance with the NEMA Standards Publication No. 107-1987
(1993), Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) of High Voltage Apparatus (see Annex
A). RIV measurements may be omitted if the test set-up allows complete visual observation and all sources
of corona have been identified.

3.4 CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF BUS SUPPORTS

The cantilever strength shall be determined by applying a load at the centerline of the conductor, transverse
to the conductor longitudinal axis. The bus support shall be bolted to a flat surface, using the hardware
recommended by the manufacturer.

CC 1-2005
Page 15
3.5 TORQUE STRENGTH TEST OF BOLTED CONNECTORS

The conductor(s) shall be assembled in the connector and the bolts tightened uniformly and alternately in
11.3 N-m (100 lb-in.)increments until 50% over the nominal torque value is achieved (see 4.6).

3.6 TENSILE TEST OF WELDED COUPLERS

The spliced conductor, with the coupler in between, shall be fastened in a tensile testing machine and a load
shall be applied at a crosshead speed not exceeding 20.8 mm per minute per meter (1/4 in. per minute per
foot) of sample length

3.7 BENDING TEST OF WELDED COUPLERS

A load shall be applied at two points, at a distance of 76.2 mm (3 in.) from the weld and transverse to the
conductor longitudinal axis.

The conductor shall be freely supported at each end.

CC 1-2005
Page 16
Section 4
DESIGN AND MARKING REQUIREMENTS

4.1 CLAMPING FASTENERS FOR CONNECTORS

4.1.1 Clamping Fasteners for Copper Electric Power Connectors

Clamping fasteners for copper electric power connectors shall meet the requirements of the American
National Standard for Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Including Askew Head Bolts, Hex Cap Screw and
Lag Screws, ASME B18.2.1, and Square and Hex Nuts, ASME B18.2.2. Washers shall meet the
requirements of the American National Standard for Plain Washers, ASME B18.22.1. Lock washers are
optional and, if used, shall meet the requirements of the American National Standard for Lock Washers,
ASME B18.21.1.

4.1.2 Clamping Fasteners for Aluminum Electric Power Connectors

Clamping fasteners for aluminum electric power connectors shall meet the requirements of the American
National Standard for Hex Bolts and Screws, Including Askew Head Bolts, Hex Cap Screw and Lag Screws,
ASME B18.21.1, and Square and Hex Nuts, ASME B18.2.2. Flat washers shall meet the requirements of
the American National Standard, ASME B18.22.1. Lock washers shall meet the requirements of the
American National Standard, ASME B18.21.1.

Bolts, nuts, or both, shall be treated to prevent galling.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION MARKING

The following minimum amount of information shall be given on all electric power connectors:

a) Manufacturer's designation.
b) Nominal size or range of sizes of the conductors with which the connector is intended to be used.

4.3 DESIGNATION OF CONNECTOR SIZES

The size of an electric power connector shall be designated in terms of the size, or other sizes of conductors
which the connector accommodates.

The size of conductors shall be given in the following terms:

a) For wire and cablein American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes or thousands of circular mils (kcmil)
Reference is also made to the equivalent metric (mm
2
) sizes for AWG or kcmil series conductors.
b) For tubingin nominal pipe size (NPS) or iron pipe size (IPS) which includes standard (SPS or SCH 40)
and extra heavy (EHPS or SCH 80) sizes, except for expansion or internal connectors. The connector
marked NPS or IPS indicates that it is designed to accommodate both SPS (SCH 40) and EHPS (SCH 80).
Special marking is required if the connector is limited to SPS (SCH 40) or EHPS (SCH 80) only.

CC 1-2005
Page 17

4.4. THREAD DIMENSIONS FOR STUD TERMINAL CONNECTORS

The thread dimensions for internal threaded stud terminal connectors intended for use with electrical
equipment shall be as shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1
STANDARD THREADS FOR STUD TERMINALS

Stud Diameter Number of Connector
in. mm
*
Threads per in. Thread Class
5/8 15.9 11 UNC-2B
-------3/4 19.0 16 UNF-2B
1 25.4 14 UNS-2A
1-1/8 28.6 12 UNF-2B
1-1/4 31.8 12 UNF-2B
1-1/2 38.1 12 UNF-2B
2 50.8 12 UN-2B
2-1/2 63.5 12 UN-2B
3 76.2 12 UN-2B
* For reference only

4.5 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS WITH SINGLE TANGS
OR MULTIPLE FLAT BAR TANGS

The dimensions and the arrangement of bolt holes in the tangs of power connectors shall be as shown in
Annex B, Figure B-1 to B-6. Figures B-7 to B-9 show the typical spacing for multiple flat bar tangs.

Metric terminal pad spacing and sizes used in some countries other than the U.S. are given for
information in Annex C.

4.6 CONDUCTOR CLAMPING BOLTS FOR CONNECTORS
4.6.1 General

Bronze alloy bolts shall be used on copper alloy connectors and aluminum alloy bolts shall be used on
aluminum alloy conductors. Alternate alloy, including Steel or Stainless steel, materials shall be permitted to
be used for bolts if performance requirements are met and no adverse material compatibility or galling of
threads occurs and approved by the manufacturer.

4.6.2 Number and Diameter of Conductor Clamping Bolts

The number and diameter of clamping bolts for connectors are listed in Table 4-2.

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4.6.2.1 U Bolts (See Figure 4-1)

Each U bolt shall count as two bolts.

Figure 4-1
U- BOLT TYPE CONNECTOR

4.6.2.2 Shackles (See Figure 4-2)

Each bolt of a single casting, wrap-around conductor shackle design shall count as two bolts.

Figure 4-2
SHACKLE TYPE CONNECTOR

4.6.2.3 Different Sizes of Conductors

When two different sizes of conductors are involved, the bolts specified for the smaller conductor shall be
permitted to be used.

4.6.2.4 Exception when three bolts are specified

When three bolts are specified, the following exceptions shall apply:

a) Terminal lugs shall have a minimum of four bolts or the equivalent for a single conductor.
b) Stud connectors shall have a minimum of four bolts or the equivalent for the stud portion.

CC 1-2005
Page 19
Table 4-2
CONNECTOR CLAMPING BOLTS
U.S. STANDARD CONDUCTORS AND HARDWARE

Type of Conductor For Copper Conductors
For Aluminum or
ACSR Conductors
Bolts Per Conductor Bolts per Conductor

Single Size
Standard
Duty
Single Size
Heavy Duty
Range
Taking
Range
Taking*
Single Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Standard Pipe Size, in.
(OD mm)
Copper Cable,
AWG or kcmil
(mm
2
)
Aluminum or ACSR
Cable O.D.
In.
(mm)
Stud Dia.
in.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(in.)

No.
Dia.
(in.)

No.
Dia.
(in.)

No.
Dia.
(in.)

No.
Dia.
(in.)
3/8
(16.53)
4 thru 2/0
(21.2) thru 67.4)
0.200 thru 0.399
(5.08 thru 10.13)
1/2
(12.7)
2 3/8 3 3/8 4 3/8 2 1/2 2 1/2
1/2
(21.00)
3/0 thru 500
(85.0 thru 253)

5/8 thru 1-1/8
(15.88 thru 28.58)
3 3/8 3 1/2 4 3/8 4 1/2 4 1/2
3/4 thru 1
26.25 thru 32.88)

550 thru 800
(279 thru 405)
3 3/8 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2
1-1/4 thru 2-1/2
(41.50 thru 71.88)
900 thru 2000
(456 thru 1010)
0.400 thru 1.412
(10.16 thru 35.86)
1-1/4 thru 2-1/2
(31.75 thru 63.50)
3 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2
3 thru 4
(87.50 thru 112.50)
2250 thru 3000
(1141 thru 1521)
1.413 thru 1.850
(35.89 thru 46.99)
2-3/4 thru 5
(69.85 thru 127.00)
3 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8
4-1/2 thru 6
(127.03 thru 165.63)

6 5/8

NOTESee Appendix B for terminal pad configurations.
CC 1-2005
Page 20
Table 4-3
CONNECTOR CLAMPING BOLTS
ISO STANDARD CONDUCTORS AND HARDWARE

Type of Conductor For Copper Conductors
For Aluminum or ACSR
Conductors
Bolts Per Conductor Bolts per Conductor

Single Size
Standard Duty
Single Size
Heavy Duty
Range Taking Range Taking* Single Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Standard
Pipe Size,
mm
Copper Cable,
mm
2
Aluminum or
ACSR Cable
Outside
Diameter, mm
Stud Dia.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(mm)

No.
Dia.
(mm)
16 thru 50 5.0 thru 10.1 12.0 2 M10 3 M10 4 M10 2 M12 2 M12
thru 240 30 3 M10 3 M12 4 M10 4 M12 4 M12
30 300 thru 400 3 M10 4 M12 4 M12 4 M12 4 M12
40 thru 60 600 thru 1000 10.2 thru 35.9 40 thru 60 3 M12 4 M12 4 M12 4 M12 4 M12
90 thru 120 1100 thru 1500 40.0 thru 47.0 3 M16 4 M16 4 M16 4 M16 4 M16
140 thru 170 6 M16

NOTESee Annex C for terminal pad configurations.
CC 1-2005
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Table 4-4
NOMINAL TORQUE VALUES

NOTES
LA = Lubricated-Aluminum
SB = Silicon bronze or steel
See 4.5 for arrangement and sizes of bolts for terminal connectors.
#
For reference only.

4.6.3 Examples Illustrating the Use of Table 4-2

4.6.3.1 Example 1

A straight coupler connector or a 90-degree (1.57 radian) elbow connector is used to connect a conductor
of 1-1/2-in. copper pipe to another conductor of 1-1/2-in. copper pipe. After locating the proper line for the
1-1/2-in. copper pipe in the first column of the table, the total number of bolts required can be determined
from the following information given for the connectors.

For standard duty connectors:
A X B = C
3 x 2 = 6

For standard duty terminal or stud connectors per 4.6.1.6

A X B = C
4 x 2= 8
Where:
A = 1/2 in. diameter bolts per conductor
B = Number of conductors
C = Number of 1/2 in. diameter bolts per fitting

Table 4-5
EXAMPLE 1

Bolts per Conductor
Number of
Conductors
Minimum Number of
Bolts per Fitting
Comments
3 2 6 Minimum
4 2 8 see 4.6.1.4
Bolt Size is 1/2 in.
Diameter of Bolts Torque
in. (mm)
#
Material N-m lb-ft lb
f
-in.
1/4 (6.3) SB 9 7 80
5/16 (7.9) SB 20 15 180
3/8 (9.5) SB 27 20 240
1/2 (12.7) SB 54 40 480
5/8 (15.9) SB 75 55 660
3/4 (19.1) SB 118 87 1050
3/8 (9.5) LA 19 14 168
1/2 (12.7) LA 34 25 300
5/8 (15.9) LA 54 40 480
3/4 (19.1) LA 73 54 650
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4.6.3.2 Example 2

A single size "T" connector is used to connect a 3-in. Schedule 40 aluminum main to a 397.5 kcmil ASCR
(201 mm
2
) tap (outside diameter = 0.743 in., 18.87 mm).

After locating the proper line for the 3-inch pipe in the first column of the table, it can be seen that the
connectors require four 5/8-in. diameter bolts per conductor (see columns 13 and 14 of Table 4-2).

After locating the proper line for the 0.743-in. outside diameter ACSR tap in the third column of the table, it
can be seen that the connectors require four 1/2-inch diameter bolts per conductor (see columns 13 and 14
of Table 4-2).

In this case and in accordance with 4.6.1.3, the manufacturer has the choice of using either four 1/2-in.
diameter bolts per conductor or four 5/8-in. diameter bolts per conductor.

4.6.3.3 Example 3

A copper stud connector having a 1-1/8-in.-12 thread is connected to a copper cable ranging in size from
400 to 800 kcmil (203 to 405 mm
2
). This connector is considered a range taking connector. Using the
fourth column for the stud and the second column for the copper cable, it can be seen that the connectors
require the following bolts:

a) Four 3/8 in.-diameter bolts per conductor for the 1-1/8 stud, range-taking column.
b) Four 1/2-in. diameter bolts per conductor for the cable (based on largest bolts required for the range,
covers both 3/0 AWG thru 500 and 550 thru 300 kcmil cable).

In this case and in accordance with 4.6.1.3, the manufacturer has the choice of using either four 3/8-inch
diameter bolts per conductor or four 1/2-in. diameter bolts per conductor.

4.7 TENSILE STRENGTH OF BOLTS

Bronze alloy and steel (including Stainless Steel) bolts shall have a minimum tensile strength of 480 MPa
(70,000 psi) and aluminum alloy bolts shall have a minimum tensile strength of 380 MPa (55,000 psi).

4.8 EXPANSION CONNECTORS

Expansion connectors shall permit a total movement of one conductor in relation to the other as follows:

a) For copper conductors31.8 mm (1-1/4 in.) minimum.
b) For aluminum conductors or combination of aluminum and copper50.8 mm (2 in.) minimum.

4.9 TERMINAL CONNECTORS

On Offset Pad connectors there shall be a minimum clearance of 3.18 mm (1/8-in.) between any part of the
clamp or hardware and the contact surface of the pad. (See Figures 4-4 and 4-5.)

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Page 23
4.10 FLAT PLAIN WASHERS

The size of flat (plain) washers shall be in accordance with Table 4-6.

Table 4-6
FLAT WASHER/BOLT COMBINATIONS
Bolt Size Washer Size
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Min. Max. Max.
In. Mm In. Mm In. Mm In. mm
3/8 (9.5) 13/32 10.3 7/16 (11.1) 7/8 22.2
1/2 (12.7) 17/32 13.5 9/16 (14.2) 1-1/4 31.7
5/8 (15.9) 21/32 17.4 11/16 (17.4) 1-1/2 38.1
*
See Annex B for arrangement and sizes of bolts for terminal connectors

4.11 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BUS SUPPORTS AND OFFSET PAD CONNECTORS

4.11.1 HEIGHT OF BUS SUPPORT CLAMPS (FITTINGS)

The distance from the centerline of the bus to the top of the insulator, as shown in Figure 4-3, shall be in
Table 4-7
HEIGHT OF ALUMINUM AND COPPER BUS SUPPORT CLAMPS (FITTINGS)
(See Figure 4-3.)
Standard Pipe Size Height of Conductor Centerline above the Insulator Top
Bolt Circle Diameter
Trade
Size
O.D. 3 in. (76.2mm) 5 and 7 in. (127.0 and 177.8 mm)
in. in. mm in. mm in. mm
1/2 .840 21.00 1-3/4 1/16 44.4 1.6 2-1/8 1/16 54.0 1.6
3/4 1.050 26.25 2 1/16 50.8 1.6 2-1/4 1/16 57.2 1.6
1 1.315 32.88 2 1/16 50.8 1.6 2-1/4 1/16 57.2 1.6
1-1/4 1.660 41.50 2-1/4 1/16 57.2 1.6 2-3/8 1/16 60.3 1.6

1-1/2 1.900 47.50 2-1/2 1/16 63.5 1.6 2-1/2 1/16 63.5 1.6
2 2.375 59.38 2-3/4 1/16 69.8 1.6 2-3/4 1/16 69.8 1.6
2-1/2 2.875 71.88 3-1/8 1/16 79.4 1.6 3-1/8 1/16 79.4 1.6
3 3.500 87.50 3-5/8 1/16 92.1 1.6 3-5/8 1/16 92.1 1.6

3-1/2 4.000 100.00 4 1/16 101.6 1.6 4 1/16 101.6 1.6
4 4.500 112.50 4-1/2 1/16 114.3 1.6 4-1/2 1/16 114.3 1.6
5 5.563 125.03 5 1/8 127.0 3.2 5 1/8 127.0 3.2
6 6.625 165.63 5-1/2 1/8 139.7 3.2 5-1/2 1/8 139.7 3.2
NOTE1/2 in SPS (12.7) applies to copper clamps only.

CC 1-2005
Page 24

Figure 4-3
BUS SUPPORT CLAMP

4.11.2 OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTORS FOR TUBULAR BUS
The distance from the centerline of the bus to the pad contact, as shown in Figures 4-4 and 4-5 shall be in

Table 4-8
HEIGHT OF OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTORS FOR TUBULAR BUS
(See Figures 4-4 and 45.)
Pipe Size Height in. (13 mm)
Trade
Size
O.D.
Bolted Connectors Welded Connectors
in in
mm in mm in mm
1/2 .840 21.00 1-3/8 35 15/16 24
3/4 1.050 26.25 1-3/8 35 1 25
1 1.315 32.88 1-3/8 35 1-1/8 29
1-1/4 1.660 41.50 1-1/2 38 1-1/4 32
1-1/2 1.900 47.50 1-5/8 41 1-1/2 38
2 2.375 59.38 1-3/4 44 1-3/4 44
2-1/2 2.875 71.88 2-1/8 54 2 54
3 3.500 87.50 2-3/8 60 2-3/8 60
3-1/2 4.000 100.00 2-5/8 67 2-5/8 67
4 4.500 112.50 3-1/8 79 2-7/8 73
5 5.563 125.03 3-3/4 95 3-3/8 86
6 6.625 165.63 4-3/8 111 4 102

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Figure 4-4
BOLTED OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTOR

Figure 4-5
WELDED OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTOR

4.12 RECOMMENDATION FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS

The connector and conductor surfaces should be vigorously cleaned with a wire brush or emery cloth. A
shiny, bright surface is needed. A contact compound should be applied immediately following the cleaning
of the surface.

Some connectors are plated with other metals. The surfaces of these connectors should not be abraded
since this may remove a portion of the plating. They may be cleaned with a compatible solvent, if
necessary.

Since it is the aluminum (anode) that corrodes in a copper-aluminum electrolytic cell, aluminum cable and
tubing should not be used with unplated copper alloy connectors. The reverse, however, (copper conductor
and aluminum connector) is functionally acceptable provided the aluminum connector is "massive" in
comparison to the copper conductor (i.e., the aluminum connector shall be sized to handle the full current
rating of the copper conductor).

A prime precaution necessary in making any copper-to-aluminum joint concerns the relative positions of
copper and aluminum conductors. Copper salts will attack aluminum, whereas aluminum salts will not
attack copper. Thus, it is best to install, wherever possible, the aluminum conductors above the copper
conductor. This will prevent the washing of copper salts over the aluminum.

In the case of an underhung copper switch pad, it is recommended that a copper bar extension first be
bolted directly to the pad. This can be followed by directly bolting a massive aluminum connector properly
wire-brushed and an appropriate joint compound applied to the upper surface of the bar extension. This
installation procedure avoids the positioning of the aluminum terminal beneath the copper switch pad.

CC 1-2005
Page 26
Another common aluminum-to-copper connector is an aluminum conductor joined to a copper stud. Such a
connection can be made satisfactorily by directly joining a massive aluminum connector, properly
wire-brushed and an appropriate joint compound applied to the copper stud.

Silver plated aluminum connectors should not be used on unplated aluminum bus.

It is recommended that a welder qualified for the material perform the welding. Prior to welding, it is
recommended that a test weld be made on a typical aluminum casting (see 2.9).

4.13 TONGUE MOUNTING FASTENERS

Where an aluminum connector is used for making a connection to a copper pad, tin-plated silicon-bronze or
stainless steel bolts, nut and washers are suggested. Other suitable materials may also be used provided
they meet the intent of the foregoing paragraph concerning galvanic corrosion. With steel or silicone bronze
hardware, spring-type (Belleville) washers should be used to compensate for the different thermal coefficient
of expansion between dissimilar metals and the flow of aluminum. Aluminum hardware is not
recommended in a copper connection under corrosive conditions due to the effect of copper salts on the
underside of the connection.
CC 1-2005
Page 27
Annex A
NEMA Standards Publication No. 107-1987 (1993)

NEMA Standards Publication No. 107-1987 (R1993)

METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIO INFLUENCE VOLTAGE (RI V)
OF HIGH VOLTAGE APPARATUS

Reaffirmed with No Text Changes, December 1993

Published by:

2101 L Street, N.W., Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20037

1994 National Electrical Manufacturers Association

CC 1-2005
Page 28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 29
Scope....................................................................................................................................... 30
Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................. 31
Section 2 GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS................................................................................................ 33
Section 3 LABORATORY AND FACTORY RIV TESTS0.015 TO 30
MEGAHERTZ............................................................................................................................. 37
Section 4 FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF RIV0.015 TO 30..................................................................... 40
Section 5 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST-CIRCUIT COMPONENTS................................................................... 41

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Page 29

FOREWORD

This standard supersedes and is an extensive revision of NEMA Standards Publication No. 107-
1964 (R 1971, 1976, 1981), Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) of High-Voltage
Apparatus.

Users of this NEMA Standards Publication are advised that radio influence voltage (RIV)
measurements are not meant to be similar to corona measurements even though the source phenomena
may be the same.

In the preparation of this Standards Publication, input of users and other interested par-ties has
been sought and evaluated. Inquiries, comments, and proposed or recommended revisions should be
submitted to the concerned NEMA subdivision by contacting the:

Manager, Engineering Department
2101 L Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037
CC 1-2005
Page 30

Scope

This standard covers the methods of measurement of radio influence voltage in the frequency range
of 0.015 to 30 megahertz that may be associated with high-voltage power apparatus used on transmission
and distribution systems at line voltages of 0.6 kilovolts and above.

The decision as to whether this standard applies to a specific test sample may be deter-mined from
the specifications or standards which apply to the equipment in question.

The radio influence voltage which is of principal concern in this standard is that voltage appearing at
the terminals of test samples, or on conductors of power systems, which affects the coordination between
power and communication circuits. Acceptable low level radio influence voltage measured on the terminals of
power equipment may not affect the coordination between power systems and communication circuits, but,
may be of concern in the life of the equipment's internal insulation.

Because of the large voltage range and, consequently, the large change in dimensions of high-
voltage test equipment, it is not feasible to define a single standard high- voltage test circuit. The general form
of the test circuit is defined, and nominal limits are placed on components of the circuit. In order that uniform
and significant radio influence voltage measurements may be made, it is necessary that the test circuits be
accurately calibrated as described in this standard. By means of this calibration, the effects of circuit elements
and stray circuit constants of the test circuit are taken into consideration.
CC 1-2005
Page 31

Section 1
REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS

1.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS

The following publications are adopted, in whole or in part as indicated, by reference in
this standards publication.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
1430 Broadway,
New York, NY 10018

ANSI C63.2-1980 American National Standard, Specifications for Electromagnetic Noise and
Field-
Strength Instrumentation, 10kHz to 1 GHz

ANSI C63.4-1981 American National Standard, Method of Measurement of Emissions from
Low-
Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 10 kHz to 1 GHz

ANSI C50.10-1977 American National Standard, General Requirements for Synchronous
Machines

ANSI/IEEE 100-1984 IEEE Standard, Dictionary of Electrical Terms

1.2 DEFINITIONS

The following definitions apply specifically and only to the subject treated in this standard. For
additional definitions see ANSI/IEEE 100-1984.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987.

1.2.1 Radio Noise

1. 2. 1. 1 BROAD-BAND RADIO NOISE

Radio noise having a spectrum which is broad compared with the nominal bandwidth of the radio-
noise meter.

1. 2. 1. 2 IMPULSIVE RADIO NOISE

Radio noise characterized by non-overlapping transient disturbances. This includes corona and
other high-voltage discharges.

1.2.1.3 Radio Influence Voltage (RIV)

The voltage that appears on the conductors of electric equipment or circuits, as measured with a
standard radio-noise meter used as a 2-terminal voltmeter in accordance with the methods described
herein.
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1.2.2 Tests

1.2.2.1 Circuit RIV Factor (P)

The ratio of the voltage at the terminals of the radio-noise meter (E
cd
) to the signal generator
voltage (E
ab
). Thus, E
cd
/E
ab
= P.

1.2.2.2 Factory Tests

Tests that can be made in a factory or outdoor area, using a calibrated high-voltage test circuit,
with the test sample energized at its rated test voltage so that operating conditions are simulated.

1.2.2.3 Field Tests

Tests which can be made (usually in an outdoor area) on energized power system equipment or
lines, using a high-voltage coupling capacitor and the circuitry described herein.

1.2.2.4 Laboratory Tests

Tests that are made under controlled conditions of ambient radio noise, usually in a shielded
enclosure, using a calibrated high-voltage test circuit and a filtered power supply, with the test sample
energized so that operating conditions are simulated.

1.2.3 Test Sample

The equipment (unit, component assembly or system) which is to be tested to determine the RIV
level. Test samples shall be permitted to include any power system equipment, such as insulators,
bushings, transformers, switchgear, conductors, and so forth.

CC 1-2005
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Section 2
GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS

2.1 TEST AREA

For laboratory, factory, or field tests, the test area shall be of a suitable size to maintain adequate clearances
so that the electric field around the test sample is not distorted. See Figure 2-1.

Figure 2.1
Setup of High-Voltage RIV Test Circuit

2.1.1 Ambient RIV

It is desirable that the ambient RIV level at each measurement frequency be measured for reference
purposes at the required test voltage with the test sample disconnected. Where an allowable RIV limit is specified in the
applicable specification or standard, it is usually desirable that the ambient RIV level be at least 6 decibels below (one-
half) the specified limit.
Authorized Engineering Information 6-27-1987.

2.1.2 Calibration Accuracy

Evidence shall be given that the calibrations of the measuring instruments used are accurate for the
temperature at which they are used. Further, the test sample, radio-noise meters, indicating devices and equipment
shall be at the test location for a sufficient time prior to making calibrations and measurements to allow the temperature
of the equipment to become stabilized with respect to the temperature of the testing location.

CC 1-2005
Page 34
2.1.3 Humidity

Tests are conducted under atmospheric conditions prevailing at the time and place of the test, but it is
recommended that tests be avoided when the vapor pressure exceeds 0.6 inch of mercury. Although there are no
correction factors to cover the effect of humidity and barometric pressure currently, it is recommended that the
barometric pressure and wet and dry-bulb thermometer readings be recorded so that, if suitable correction factors are
determined in the future, they may be applied to previous measurements.

2.1.4 Temperature

The ambient temperatures of the testing location should be within the range of 10C to 40C (50 F to 104 F).

2.2 TEST SAMPLE SETUP

The arrangement of the components, interconnecting cable assemblies, and supporting structures of the test
sample shall simulate actual installation and operation insofar as is practicable.

2.2.1 RIV Test Voltage

The test voltage shall be as stated in the individual equipment specification or standard.

2.2.2 Conditioning of Test Sample

The test sample shall be clean and dry, and energized for a sufficient period of time so that representative RIV
conditions can be obtained on the specimen prior to making measurements.

2.2.3 Test Sample Grounding

The test sample shall be grounded in order to simulate installation conditions.

2.2.4 Test Sample Leads

The high-voltage leads which are used to connect the test samples to the high-voltage bus shall be free of
RIV and corona at the test voltage.

2.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS

Radio-noise instrumentation (meters) shall meet the requirements of ANSI C63.2.

2.3.1 RIV Impulses

When making measurements on RIV impulses with repetition rates so low that meter fluctuation makes
reading of either the minimum or maximum pointer deflection doubtful, the slow-speed indicating output meter listed in
ANSI C63.2 shall be used. The highest pointer deflection of the meter during a 15-second interval of observation shall
be recorded as the RIV in order to minimize the differences between various operators in recorded results for noise
sources with low repetition rates.
CC 1-2005
Page 35

2.3.2 Radio-Noise Meter Calibration

Calibrations and adjustments shall be made as specified in the instruction manual for the radio-
noise meter.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

2.3.3 Detector Function Selection

The detector function selector switch shall be set to the quasi-peak position on the radio-noise
meter.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

2.3.4 Monitoring

When it is desired to identify the character of the RIV, measurements should be monitored using
either a headset, loud-speaker, or oscilloscope. Precautions should be taken to determine whether these
devices affect the radio-noise meter indications during measurements.

2.3.5 Preferred Measurement Frequency

Radio interference studies have indicated that if radio influence voltages are generated by power
system apparatus, readings can be obtained at 1 megahertz, the approximate midpoint of the AM broadcast
band. Because of this, radio influence tests at the single frequency of 1 megahertz can be considered to
produce representative test results, and tests on high-voltage power system apparatus may be carried out at
this single frequency.

2.3.6 Other Measurement Frequencies

For tests requiring measurements from 0.015 to 30 megahertz, the test frequencies given in Table
2-1 are recommended.

Table 2-1
MEGAHERTZ

0.015 0.080 0.35 1.5 8.0
0.020 0.100 0.50 2.0 10.0
0.028 0.120 0.60 2.8 12.0
0.035 0.15 0.80 3.5 15.0
0.050 0.20 1.00 5.0 20.0
0.060 0.28 1.20 6.0 25.0
30.0

2.3.7 Not Listed Frequencies

Other frequencies which are not listed for measurement in Table 2-1 can be scanned while
monitoring with a headset or speaker. If any indicated peaks occur during scanning, measurements should
be taken at each frequency where such a peak occurs. If an unwanted radio signal is encountered at any of
the listed frequencies, another frequency on either side of the signal should be substituted.
CC 1-2005
Page 36

2.4 ACCEPTABLE RIV TEST LEVEL

The RIV level of a test sample shall be considered acceptable as long as the measured RIV level,
which includes both the test area ambient and test sample RIV, is below the limit specified in the applicable
test sample specification standard.

CC 1-2005
Page 37

Section 3
LABORATORY AND FACTORY RIV TESTS0.015 TO 30 MEGAHERTZ

3.1 TEST CIRCUIT

For laboratory and factory RIV tests, the circuit shown in Figure 3-1 shall be used. Because of
the wide frequency range to be covered by this test circuit and the variable attenuation factors which
will occur due to stray circuit constants (see C, and C
2
, stray capacitances, and the series
inductance, L
a
), the circuit shall be calibrated for each frequency at which RIV measurements are
made. Below 1.0 megahertz where the reactance of the high-voltage coupling capacitor, C, is
generally high, a variable inductor (circuit element L
1
) which is capable of producing series resonance
in the high-voltage measuring circuit at the test frequency shall be introduced.

Figure 3-1
Circuit for the Measurement of Radio-Influence Voltge of
High-Voltage Aparatus, 0.015 to 30 MegaHertz

3.2 TEST CIRCUIT CALIBRATION

3.2.1 High Voltage Apparatus

CC 1-2005
Page 38
The Figure 3-1 circuit shall be calibrated by applying at points " a " and "b,
"
with the test
specimen not connected; the unmodulated sine wave output of a signal generator tuned to the desired
test frequency. The output of this signal generator shall be set to a level at least ten times the ambient
noise level which is measured by the radio-noise meter when tuned to the output of the signal
generator. If tests are to be made at or above 1.0 megahertz, switch S
1
shall be closed. For tests
below 1.0 megahertz, switch S
1
shall be open and variable inductance L
1
, varied until a maximum
signal is obtained on the radio-noise meter. The inductance of L
1
shall be held constant while the
voltages E
ab
(signal generator voltage at point ab) and E
cd
(voltage at the radio-noise meter terminals,
point cd) are measured.

3.2.2 Energized Power System

The Figure 3-2 circuit shall be calibrated by applying at points a and b, with point a not
connected to the power conductor PC, the unmodulated sine wave output of a signal generator
tuned to the desired test frequency. The signal generator output and other calibration provisions shall
be the same as outlined in 3.2.1.

Figure 3-2
Circuit for the Measurement of Radio-Influence
Voltage from an Energized Power System

3.2.3 Voltage Measurement

Calibrating voltages may be measured by either a high-frequency electronic voltmeter and
oscilloscope or the radio-noise meter " M" when used as a 2-terminal voltmeter.

CC 1-2005
Page 39
3.2.4 Voltage Measurement Variables

Both calibrating voltages (E
ab
and E
cd
)

shall be measured by the same instrument so that
error is minimized. The coaxial cable, CA, of the length to be used for RIV measurements shall be in
the circuit when the test circuit calibration is made.

3.2.5 Circuit RIV Factor (P)

The circuit RIV factor (P) should be held above 0.25 at midband at approximately 1
megahertz. The circuit RIV Factor (P) for other test frequencies between 0.03 and 5 megahertz
should preferably be held greater than 0.2.

3.2.6 RIV Factor Curve

Since this factor (P) will vary with frequency, a curve of the RIV factor can be obtained for the
test circuit. The calibration curve so obtained may not be valid if the circuit components or the circuit
configuration is changed.
Authorized Engineering Information 5-27-1987,

3.3 RIV METER READINGS

In carrying out radio influence voltage tests with the sample positioned at point ab, RIV meter
readings shall be made in the manner described in 2.3. The reading so obtained shall then be
divided by the circuit RIV factor (P), at the specific test frequency, to obtain the RIV level of the
equipment under test.
CC 1-2005
Page 40
Section 4
FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF RIV-0.015 TO 30

4.1 MEASURING CIRCUIT

For the measurements of RIV from the conductors and apparatus of an energized power system,
the measuring circuit shown in Figure 3-2 may be used. Extreme care should be taken to insure that the
application of this measuring circuit to the power system does not interfere with the normal operation of the
circuit and that proper grounding of the low-voltage measuring circuit is carried out so that the equipment
and the operators are not endangered.

4.2 FIELD MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT CALIBRATION

The measuring circuit may be calibrated in accordance with 3.1 before the high-voltage coupling
capacitor is connected to the power system. In carrying out this field calibration, precautions should be
taken to insure that radio influence fields and conducted influence voltages (RIF and RIV) from the power
system do not affect the calibration.

CC 1-2005
Page 41

Section 5
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST-CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

5.1 GENERAL

The following components refer to items which are associated with the high-voltage RIV test
circuits indicated schematically in Figures 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3, and illustrated in Figure 2-1.

CC 1-2005
Page 42

Figure 3-3
Circuit Diagrams for Use of 50, 75, and 185-Ohm
Coaxial Cable in Conjunction with Figure 3-1 and 3-2
CC 1-2005
Page 43

5.2 60-HERTZ VOLTAGE SOURCE

The power supply for the high-voltage test circuit shall have a kVA rating which is sufficient to
supply a 60-Hertz sine wave voltage of acceptable commercial standard as defined in ANSI C50.10.

5.3 POWER LINE FILTER (F)

The power line filter, when employed, shall not distort the supply voltage. It shall suppress
any RIV which may be on the power mains so that the conditions given in 2.1.1 will be met.
NEMA Standard 5
.
27-1987.

5.4 VARIABLE VOLTAGE (V)

A variable and undistorted voltage shall be supplied to the primary of the high-voltage test
transformer.

5.5 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TRANSFORMER (T)

The high-voltage test transformer should be free of RIV within the voltage range at which
tests are to be made.

5.6 RADIO-FREQUENCY CHOKE (L)

A radio-frequency choke with an impedance of not less than 1500 ohms at the measurement
frequency shall be installed at or near the top of the high-voltage coupling capacitor. This element
shall limit the loss of conducted radio-freqency energy for the test sample and shall be free of RIV
within the voltage range of the test circuit.

5.7 HIGH-VOLTAGE COUPLING CAPACITOR (C)

5.7.1 Radio Influence Voltage

The high-voltage coupling capacitor of the required voltage rating shall be free of RIV within
the voltage range of the test circuit.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987,

5.7.2 Coupling Capacitor

A coupling capacitor of small capacitance will draw a minimum current, but at the lower test
frequencies it will appear as an excessively high reactive element and produce a low RIV factor (P)
as described in Section 3. It is recommended that the capacitance be not less than 0.001 microfarad.
The capacitance from the bottom end of the coupling capacitor to ground should be kept small so
that this capacitance will not appreciably reduce the impedance of 150 ohms obtained from the
metering system (Figure 3-3).
CC 1-2005
Page 44

5.8 VARIABLE INDUCTOR (L
1
)

A variable inductor or inductors shall be used at the lower test frequencies (below 1
megahertz) to balance out the capacitive reactance of the high-voltage coupling capacitor, C.

5.9 SERIES SHORTING SWITCH (S
1
)

A series shorting switch shall be applied across variable inductor L
1
, when L
1
is used, to short
out the inductor during RIV tests at 1.0 megahertz and above.

5.10 HIGH-VOLTAGE BUS (B)

A corona-free bus shall be connected from the high-voltage coupling capacitor to the test
sample. This bus shall be supported by a minimum number of RIV-free insulators to minimize stray
capacitance (C
2
) to ground and shall be as short as possible to minimize series inductance (L
s
).

5.11 CONDUCTOR DIAMETER

The smooth conductor diameter for a corona-free bus for voltages up to 400 kilovolts may be
obtained by allowing at least 0.01 inch of bus diameter per kilovolt of test voltage. Above 400 kilovolts
bundled conductors may be preferred to single conductors.

5.12 NONINDUCTIVE RESISTORS (R
1 ,
R
2 ,
R
3
, and R
4
)

Resistors R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, and R.
4
shall be high frequency, noninductive elements (Figure 3-3 a-d).

5.13 185/50-OHM MATCHING IMPEDANCE AND/OR ATTENUATOR (Z)

A 185/50-ohm matching impedance and/or attenuator shall be between the coaxial metering cable
and RIV meter whenever a 185-ohm cable is used with a low impedance RIV meter (See Figure 3-3 d).

5.14 PROTECTIVE GAP (G)

A suitable protective gap (breakdown not to exceed 500 volts) shall be connected across circuit
element L
3
(Figure 3-3 a-d).

5.15 COAXIAL CABLE (CA)

50-, 75-, and 185-ohm coaxial cables can be used providing the proper cable terminations at the
sending and receiving ends are utilized. See Figure 3-3 a-d for the proper noninductive resistors or 185/50-
ohm matching impedance and/or attenuator specifications. The coaxial cable designation may be either RG-
8, RG-11, or RG-114.
CC 1-2005
Page 45

5.16 COAXIAL CABLE LENGTH

Because of cable attenuation, it is recommended that the cable length be kept as short as possible
in order to meet the circuit RIV factor (P) recommendations.

5. 17 DRAIN COIL (L
3
)

A 60-Hz drain coil with an impedance of not less than 1500 ohms at the measurement frequency,
shall be in-stalled in the metering circuit across gap (G). For safety reasons, this unit shall be substantial in
size, and all electrical connections shall be made mechanically and electrically secure.
CC 1-2005
Page 46
Annex B
BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Figure B-1
1-HOLE TERMINAL PAD

Figure B-2
2-HOLE NEMA PAD

Figure B-3
4-HOLE NEMA PAD
(2 X 2 BOLT HOLE PATTERN)

Figure B-4
4-HOLE WIDE NEMA PAD

Figure B-5
6-HOLE NEMA PAD

Figure B-6
6-HOLE WIDE NEMA PAD

CC 1-2005
Page 47

Figure B-7
2 X 3 BOLT HOLE PATTERN
FOR MULTIPLE FLAT BAR TANGS

Figure B-8
3 X 2 BOLT HOLE PATTERN
FOR MULTIPLE BLAT BAR TANGS

Figure B-9
TYPICAL SPACING FOR
MULTIPLE FLAT BAR TANGS

NOTES
All dimensions in inches and (mm).
For tongue dimensions and drilling, see Figures A-2 through A-6.
CC 1-2005
Page 48
Annex C
BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS USED IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Figure C1
BOLT HOLE PATTERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table C1
COUNTRY C D E K N
mm mm mm mm mm
France 40 82 45 16 18

Figure C2
2 X 2 BOLT HOLE PATTERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table C2
COUNTRY C D (min) E F K N
mm mm mm mm Mm mm
France 76 80 45 45 16 16
Germany 100 100 50 50 14 25
Sweden 76 76 40 40 14 18
CC 1-2005
Page 49

Figure C3

Table C-3
COUNTRY C E F K N
mm Mm mm mm mm
GERMANY 200 50 50 14 25

Figure C4

Table C4
COUNTRY C D (min) E F K N
mm mm Mm mm mm mm
France 125 125 45 45 16 16
Sweden 120 120 40 40 14 20


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C rise), and emissivity, e, equal to

C rise), and emissivity, e, equal to

1994 National Electrical Manufacturers Association

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