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    Closed Loop Control System

    Uploaded by

    Logesh Babu
    This document discusses the basic elements of open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of each type of system, including maintaining room temperature with an electric fire, controlling water level in a tank, driving a car by controlling direction and speed, and maintaining liquid level in a container. The key elements that make up a closed-loop control system are identified as the control element, correction element, process, reference value, comparison element, measurement element, error signal, and feedback.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Closed Loop Control System

    Uploaded by

    Logesh Babu
    167 views10 pages
    This document discusses the basic elements of open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of each type of system, including maintaining room temperature with an electric fire, controlling water level in a tank, driving a car by controlling direction and speed, and maintaining liquid level in a container. The key elements that make up a closed-loop control system are identified as the control element, correction element, process, reference value, comparison element, measurement element, error signal, and feedback.

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    mechatronics

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    This document discusses the basic elements of open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of each type of system, including maintaining room temperature with an electric fire, controlling water level in a tank, driving a car by controlling direction and speed, and maintaining liquid level in a container. The key elements that make up a closed-loop control system are identified as the control element, correction element, process, reference value, comparison element, measurement element, error signal, and feedback.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    167 views10 pages

    Closed Loop Control System

    Uploaded by

    Logesh Babu
    This document discusses the basic elements of open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of each type of system, including maintaining room temperature with an electric fire, controlling water level in a tank, driving a car by controlling direction and speed, and maintaining liquid level in a container. The key elements that make up a closed-loop control system are identified as the control element, correction element, process, reference value, comparison element, measurement element, error signal, and feedback.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    1

    - Basic Elements of Control


    Systems -
    FREDERICK UNIVERSITY CYPRUS
    AMEM 326
    Lecturer: Dr. Sotiris Omirou
    Basic Elements of an open-loop system
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input output
    controller
    signal expected
    to produce
    required output
    controlled
    variable
    2
    Example (1) of an open-loop system
    An electric fire used to heat a room
    Controlled variable:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    room temperature
    the operator
    the switch and the fire
    the room
    Identify the subsystems in an open-loop controlled
    speed motor
    Controlled variable:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    motor speed
    the operator
    the switch
    the motor
    Example (2) of an open-loop system
    3
    Basic Elements of a closed-loop system
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    Comparison element
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    Compares the reference value with the measured value
    and produces an error signal
    Error = reference measured value
    4
    Control element
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    This element decides what action to take when it
    receives an error signal
    Correction element
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    This element is used to produce a change in the process
    to remove the error and is often called an actuator
    5
    Process element
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    The process or plant is the system of which a variable is
    being controlled
    Measurement element
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    -
    feedback
    comparison element
    This produces a signal related to the variable being
    controlled and provides the signal fed back to the
    comparison element to determine if there is an error
    6
    Feedback
    Control
    element
    Correction
    element
    Process
    input
    output
    controller
    reference value
    controlled
    variable
    measurement
    element
    error signal
    +
    _
    feedback
    comparison element
    The feedback can be either positive or negative:
    Error signal = reference value + feedback
    Error signal = reference value - feedback
    Example (1) of a closed-loop system
    An electric fire used to heat a room with a thermo-
    meter indicating the current room temperature
    7
    Example (1) of a closed-loop system (cont)
    Controlled variable:
    Reference value:
    Comparison element:
    Error signal:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    Measuring device:
    the room temperature
    the operator
    the difference between measured and
    required temperature
    the operator
    the required room temperature
    the hand of the operator
    the room
    the thermometer
    Example (2) of a closed-loop system
    The automatic control of water level in a tank
    8
    Example (2) of a closed-loop system (cont)
    Controlled variable:
    Reference value:
    Comparison element:
    Error signal:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    Measuring device:
    Water level in tank
    the lever
    the difference between the actual and
    initial setting of the lever positions
    the pivoted lever
    Initial setting of lever position
    the flap opening or closing
    the water supply
    water in the tank
    the floating ball and lever
    Example (4) of a closed-loop system
    Driving a car
    9
    Example (4) of a closed-loop system (cont)
    Controlled variable:
    Reference value:
    Comparison element:
    Error signal:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    Measuring device:
    direction of the car along the road
    the driver
    the difference between the actual and
    required directions
    the driver
    the required direction along the road
    the hands on the steering wheel
    the vehicle dynamics
    visual observation
    Control of direction
    Example (4) of a closed-loop system (cont)
    Controlled variable:
    Reference value:
    Comparison element:
    Error signal:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    Measuring device:
    speed of the car along the road
    the driver
    the difference between the actual and
    required speeds
    the driver
    the required speed along the road
    the foot on the pedals
    the vehicle dynamics
    visual observation
    Control of speed
    10
    Example (5) of a closed-loop system
    Maintenance of the liquid level in a container
    Example (5) of a closed-loop system (cont)
    Controlled variable:
    Reference value:
    Comparison element:
    Error signal:
    Control element:
    Correction element:
    Process:
    Measuring device:
    level of liquid in the tank
    the workman
    the difference between the actual and
    required levels
    the workman
    the required level
    the valve
    the water in the container
    visual observation of the
    gauge glass

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