TECTONIC OF

INDONESIA REGION
KULIAH
GEOLOGI STRUKTUR INDONESIA
Laboratorium Geodinamik
Fakultas TeknikGeologi, Universitas Padjadjaran
Tahun2012
Indonesia Position Global Plate-Tectonics
Indonesia Position in Global Plate Tectonics
POSITIONOF INDONESIAISLAND
The pacific oceanic plate in the northeast
The Australian continental plate in southeast
The Indian oceanic plate in the southwest
The Asian continental plate in the northeast
BATHYMETRY :
Continental landmass: continental
islands and sea shelf: < 200 m
Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps
:>200 m
CONTINENTAL LANDMASSES
AND OCEAN:
SUNDASHELF :
Sumatra
Java and
Kalimantan
ARAFURA CONTINENTAL SHELF :
Australian continent
Irian Jaya NewGuinea
GRAVITY MAP OF INDONESIA
INDONESIA SEDIMENT THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION
TECTONIC PLATES AND CRUSTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIATECTONIC PLATES
Western Indonesia: Stable Sunda Continent
Central Indonesia: Micro-continents And Oceanic Basins
East Indonesia: Stable Sahul/Australian Continent
PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN INDONESIAinvolves
Convergence, (collisions, subduction and obduction).
Divergence (rifting, break-up and subsequent seafloor spreading).
Transvergence (wrench faulting); involving translatation and rotation.
PLATE BOUNDARIES:
1. ACTIVE MARGINS
Subduction Zones:
Obduction Zones
Transduction Zones
2. PASSIVE MARGINS
Delta Basin
Carbonate Plateform
3. COLLISION ZONES AND OROGENIC
BELTS
PLATE BOUNDARIES
ACTIVE MARGINS :
1. SUBDUCTIONZONES :
CONTINENTAL ISLANDARC : Western Sumatra Sunda Arc, Southern Java Sunda
Arc.
OCEANIC ISLANDARC : Nusatenggara Sunda Arc
2. OBDUCTIONZONES : Banda Arc: Australian continent being subducted under
Banda Sea oceanic crust
3. TRANSDUCTIONZONES: Sorong Faultzone
PASSIVE MARGINS :
1. NORTHWEST BORNEOPASSIVE MARGIN : East Natuna basinal area, Baram Delta
2. EASTERNKALIMANTAN PASSIVE MARGINS
3. MICROCONTINENT PASSIVE MARGINS : Southwest Sulawesi Basinal area
COLLISIONZONES ANDOROGENIC BELTS :
1. Kuching Zone
2. Meratus Mts Belt
3. Central Sulawesi Collision Belt
4. Central Irian Jaya Mt Range
PLATE TECTONICS SUBDIVISION OF INDONESIA
West Indonesia withSunda Platform acting as a continental core
Central Indonesia consisting of fragmented microcontinents represented by
Sulawesi and the Banda Arc
East Indonesia withthe Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core
TECTONIC FRAMEWORK OF INDONESIA
WESTERN INDONESIA
ACTIVE MARGIN
To the west and south the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin; consisting of an island arc
system with fore arc, interarc and back-arc basins, as the result of a convergence with the Indian
oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate under the continetal plate is subducted under the
continental crust.
PASSIVE MARGIN
1. The East Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor spreading of the Makassar Strait,
and the formation of :
Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the Mahakan Delta and Tarakan
Delta.
Paternoster Carbonate Platform.
2. The Northwest Sundaland margin; as the result of rifting and opening of the South China Seas
and associated rifting in the Gulf of Thailand and western Natuna basin. Rifting of the South
China sea resulted into a collision in Northwest Borneo.
FRAGMENTEDMICROCONTINENTS BETWEEN OCEANICBASINS
Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken off from the Australian Continent, but
some belong to the Asian Continent : southwestern Sulawesi
Sulawesi Island
Banggai-Sula Islands
West Nusa-tenggara Island Arc
CENTRAL & EASTERNINDONESIA
CENTRAL INDONESIA : an assortment or conglomeration of contental fragments
oceanic basins and oceanic troughs :
Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental fragments
and island arc
Sula-Banggai Island
Halmahera Island-arc
Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the Sunda
island arc
Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea
EASTERNINDONESIA- Major Tectonic Elements :
Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf
Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin (Subduction/Obduction)
Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain Range
Sorong Fault Zone: Active wrench fault (transduction)
EVOLUTION OF BACK ARC BASIN MODEL
EVOLUTION OF THE RIFT-DRIFT-COLLISION MODEL
PLATE-TECTONICS BASIN CLASSIFICATION
INTRUSION TECTONICS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
TECTONIC OF INDONESIA
MAJOR TECTONIC FRAME-WORKAT WEST INDONESIA
INDONESIABASINS
5
1
2
4
6
7
8
9
12
13
11
10
14
15
16
18
17
19
23
24
21
22
20
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
33
34
36
35
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
58
51
52
53
55
54
56
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
31
3
M
A
L
A
Y
S
I
A
S
U
M
A
T
R
A
KAL I MAN TAN
S
A
R
A W
A
K
SABAH
BRUNEI
M
a
k
a
s
s
a
r
S
tr
a
i t
K
a
r im
a
t a
S
t r a
i t
M
a
l ac
ca
S
t r
a i t
So u t h C h i n a Se a
N a t u n a S e a
J a v a S e a
J AVA
I R I AN J AYA
SULAWESI
Sim eule
Nias
Enggano
Bangka
Belit ung
Nat una
Madur a
Bali Lom bok
Sum bawa
Flor es
Sum ba
But on
S a w u S e a
B a l i S e a F l o r e s S e a
Timor
Alor
Wet ar T an im b ar
T i m o r S e a
Kai
Ser am
Bur u
Talibu
O bi
M isool
M angole
Banggai
HALMAHERA
Waigeo
Bacan
M or otai
S e r a m S e a
M a l u k u S e a
B a n d a S e a
H a l m a h e r a S e a
S u l a w e s i S e a
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
Cendrawasi h Bay
Yapen
Biak
Wakem
Kobr oor
Tr angan
Yos Sudar so
A r a f u r a S e a
AUSTRALIA
T
H
A
IL
A
N
D
I N D I A N O C E A N
Anam bas
Pagai
Sipur a
Siber ut
Tana Bat u
04 S
THA ILAN D
I ND ON ESI A
I N
DON ESIA
M ALAYSIA
PHI LI PPI NES
I NDONESI A
AUSTRAL IA
INDONESI A
TH
AI LA N
D
M
A LA
YS
IA
MA
LA Y
SI A
IND
O
N E
S IA
P
A
P
U
A
N
E
W
G
U
IN
E
A
IN
D
O
N
E
S
IA
96 E 100 E 104 E 108 E 112 E 116 E 120 E 124 E 128 E 132 E 136 E 140 E
SINGAPORE
Bint an
Singkep
Bat am
08 S
00
04 N
08 N
12 S
16 S
PAPUANEW
GUNEA
PHILIPPINES
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
Bandung
Jakar t a
Lam pung
Sem ar ang
Yogyakar t a
Sur abaya
Denpasar M at ar am
Dili
Kupang
Ujungpandang
144 E
Palem bang
Bengkulu
Jam bi
Padang
Pekanbar u
Kualalum pur M edan
Banda Aceh
Pont ianak
Banjar m asin
Br unei Dar usalam
Kucing
Palangkar aya
Sam ar inda
Palu
Kendar i
M anado
Am bon
Jayapur a
M anila
Pnom Pene
Ho Chim int h
Bangkok
M i n d a n a o
Pa l a wa n
Ne g ro s
Sa m a r
Pa n a y
M i n d o ro
AUSTRALIA
0 500
KILOMETERS
12 N
Pasur uhan
Sandakan
Plaju
L h o k s e u m a w e
Cir ebon
Laut
M a h a k a m T o t a l
S a k a k e m a n g B lo c k
Toba Lake
INDONESIA BASINS INTRACRATONIC
PASSIVE MARGIN
ABO RTED RIFT
PULL-APART
TRA NSFORM MARGIN
OCEANIC TRENCH*
FOREARC
INTRA-ARC
BACK-ARC
SUSPENDED
ISLAND ARC
OCEANIC AND
REMNANT OCEANIC
FORELAND
THRUST FOLD BELT
SUTURE
FOREDEEP
PLATFORM
1 NORTHSUMATRA
2 CENTRAL SUMATRA
3 OMBILIN
4 SOUTHSUMATRA
5 MEULABOH
6 NIAS
7 MENTAWAI
8 SUNDASTRAIT
9 SOUTHWEST JAVA
10 SOUTHJAVA
11 SOUTHBALI-LOMBOK
12 SOUTHCENTRAL JAVA
13 SOUTHEAST JAVA
14 SUNDA
15 ASRI
16 VERA
17 BILLITON
18 NORTHWEST JAVA
19 NORTHEAST JAVA
20 FLORES
21 WEST NATUNA
22 EAST NATUNA
23 MELAWI
24 KETUNGAU
25 PEMBUANG
26 BARITO
27 ASEM ASEM &PASIR
28 PATERNOSTER
29 UPPERKUTEI
30 KUTEI
31 MUARA
32 NORTHEAST KALIMANTAN
33 CELEBES
34 NORTHMAKASSAR
35 SOUTHMAKASSAR
36 LARIANG
37 SPERMONDE
38 SALAYAR
39 SENGKANG
40 BONE
41 GORONTALO
42 SOUTHMINAHASA
43 NORTHMINAHASA
44 BANGGAI-SULA
45 SALABANGKA
46 MANUI
47 BUTON
48 BANDA
49 SAVU
50 TIMOR
51 TANIMBAR-KAIS
52 WEBER
53 SERAM (BULA)
54 NE HALMAHERA(KAUBAY)
55 EAST HALMAHERA(BULI BAY)
56 SE HALMHERA(WEDABAY)
57 ARAFURA
58 ARU
59 AKIMEUGAH
60 CENTRAL IRIANJAYA
61 LENGGURU
62 BINTUNI
63 TELUKBERAU-AJUMARU
64 MISOOL-ONIN
65 SALAWATI
66 WAIPOGA-WAROPEN
LISTOF BASINS TYPES OF BASINS
Thi s di s tri buti on of ba s i n i n I ndone s i a i s not a n offi c i a l doc um e nt. Thi s m a p ha s be e n pre pa re d a nd m odi fi e d
from the pre v i ous PERTAM I NA/ BEI CEP 1 9 8 2 a nd 1 9 8 5 non e x c l us i v e s tudi e s .
TECTONIC OF WEST INDONESIA
BACK ARC BASIN:
Cekungan Aceh Utara
Cekungan Sumatera Utara
Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah
Cekungan Sumatera Selatan
Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut :
Cekungan Jabar
Cekungan Sunda
Cekungan Beliton.
Cekungan Jateng Timur Laut.
Cekungan Kalimantan :
cekungan Asem-asem
cekungan Barito
cekungan Kutai
cekungan Tarakan.
Indonesia barat ditentukan dan dipengaruhi
sifat gerak lempeng Hindia Australia yang
bergerak ke utara bertemu dengan lempeng
Eurasia.
Pertemuan kedua lempeng ini bersifat
tumbukan dan melibatkan kerak Samudra
Hindia dan kerak Kontinen Asteng membentuk
busur kepulauan Sunda Arc System.
SUMATRA BASIN
Cekungan Aceh Utara
Cekungan Sumatera Utara
Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah
Cekungan Sumatera Selatan
JAVA BASIN
Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut :
Cekungan Jabar
Cekungan Sunda
Cekungan Beliton.
Cekungan Jateng Timur Laut
KALIMANTAN BASIN
cekungan Asem-
asem
cekungan Barito
cekungan Kutai
cekungan
Tarakan.
TECTONIC OF EAST INDONESIA
EASTERNINDONESIA BASIN
The petroliferous basins of Eastern Indonesia are geologically different from those in the west
of the archipelago.
In fact, in many cases thay cannot strictly be classified as basins, and include complex fold
belts and even thrust belts that are elevated to such an extent.
Geological differences to the basins of Western Indonesia include a Paleozoic and Mesozoic
sedimentary history older than the Jurassic breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent.
The pre-Tertiary and early Tertiary stratigraphies are near-copies of the NW shelf of Australia.
They prove that the multitude of highly rotated and deformed fragments making up many of
the islands of Eastern Indonesia, from eastern Sulawesi to Irian Jaya, were part of the
Australian craton.
The only explored area of Eastern Indonesia that does not demonstrate this affinity is the
western side of Sulawesi, representing a fragment from the edge of the Sundaland.
Eastern Indonesia is tectonically and structurally very complex, comprising slivers of
continental blocks, arc fragments and trapped ocean basins.
Although many potential petroleum basins are recognized, they tend to be small,
geologically poorly understood and, many, in deep water. Some 86 % of Eastern
Indonesias basinal areas are in water depths greater than 200 m (Pattinama and
Samuel, 1992) and the onshore areas are in remote jungle.
Of the 38 Paleozoic to tertiary-age sedimentary basins identified in Eastern Indonesia,
20 remain undrilled and many that have been drilled are under-explored.
Although the basins of Eastern Indonesia may never prove to be as prolific as the back-
arc basins of Western Indonesia, this is viewed as a reflection of the explorationists
reticence, rather than the regions true potential.
Recent discoveries include the Senoro-Donggi gas in Tertiary reefs in eastern Sulawesi,
Oseil oil field in Jurassic Seram, giant (over 20 TCFG) gas discoveries in Tangguh
complex, giant (over 3.5 TCFG) gas discovery in Abadi Masela of Arafura Sea, and a
string of oil and gas-condensate discoveries in NW Shelf of Australia (Bayu-Undan,
Elang, Kakatua, Corallina, Laminaria) may boost exploration in Eastern Indonesia.
Four of main areas in Eastern Indonesia that have already been targets of HC
exploration are Sulawesi, Seram, Western Papua, and the Arafura Sea.
SULAWESI
BANDA ARC
SALAWATI BASIN