United S ta tes Pa tent [ 1 9 ]

G r a y , S r .
[ 1 1 ] Pa tent Number :
[ 4 5 ] Da te o f Pa tent:
4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
J un. 1 7 , 1 9 8 6
[ 5 4 ] EFFICIENT POWER S UPPLY S UITABLE
FOR INDUCT IV E LOADS
[ 7 6 ] Inv ento r : Edw in V. G r a y , S r . , PO. Bo x 3 6 2 ,
Co unc il , Id. 8 3 6 1 2
[ 2 1 ] Ap p l . No . : 6 6 2 , 3 3 9
[ 2 2 ] Fil ed: Oc t. 1 8 , 1 9 8 4
[ 5 1 ] Int. Cl . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H02 M 3 /4 2
[ 5 2 ] US . Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 3 /3 3 ; 3 6 3 /9 4 ;
3 6 3 /1 1 0; 3 2 3 /2 07 ; 3 2 3 /2 2 8 ; 3 2 3 /2 9 1
[ 5 8 ] Fiel d o f S ea r c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 /3 3 S ; 3 6 3 /3 2 , 3 3 ,
3 6 3 /7 6 , 9 4 , 1 09 , 1 1 0; 3 2 3 /2 07 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 8 , 2 9 1
[ 5 6 ] Ref er enc es Cited
FOREIG N PATENT DOCUMENTS
2 03 08 01 3 / 1 9 8 3 United Kingdo m _
Pr ima r y Ex a miner Wil l ia r n H. Beha , J r .
As s is ta nt Ex a miner - J ef f r ey S ter r ett
Atto r ney , Agent, o r Fir m- Nix o n a nd Va nder hy e
[ 5 7 ] ABS TRACI
Dis c l o s ed is a n El ec tr ic a l Dr iv ing a nd Rec o v er y S y s
tem f o r a High Fr equenc y env ir o nment. The r ec o v er y
s y s tem c a n be a p p l ied to dr iv e p r es ent da y dir ec t- c ur
r ent o r a l ter na ting- c ur r ent l o a ds f o r better ef ? c ienc y . It
ha s a l o w - v o l ta ge s o ur c e c o up l ed to a v ibr a to r , a tr a ns
f o r mer a nd a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er to p r o v ide a high
v o l ta ge p ul s a ting s igna l to a ? r s t c a p a c ito r . Wher e a
high- v o l ta ge s o ur c e is o ther w is e a v a il a bl e, it ma y be
c o up l ed dir ec tl y to a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er , c a us ing a
p ul s a ting s igna l to the ? r s t c a p a c ito r . The ? r s t c a p a c ito r
in tur n is c o up l ed to a high v o l ta ge a no de o f a n el ec tr i
c a l c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube. The s w itc hing
el ement tube a l s o inc l udes a l o w v o l ta ge a no de w hic h is
c o nnec ted to a v o l ta ge s o ur c e by a c o mmuta to r a nd a
s w itc hing el ement tube. Mo unted a r o und the high v o l t
a ge a no de is a c ha r ge r ec eiv ing p l a te w hic h is c o up l ed
to a n induc tiv e l o a d to tr a ns mit a high v o l ta ge dis
c ha r ge f r o m the s w itc hing el ement tube to the l o a d.
Al s o c o up l ed to the l o a d is a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r f o r s to r
ing the ba c k EMF c r ea ted by the c o l l a p s ing el ec tr ic a l
? el d o f the l o a d w hen the c ur r ent to the l o a d is bl o c k ed.
The s ec o nd c a p a c ito r is c o up l ed to the v o l ta ge s o ur c e.
When a da p ted to p r es ent da y dir ec t- c ur r ent o r a l ter na t
ing- c ur r ent dev ic es the l o a d c o ul d be a ba tter y o r c a
p a c ito r to enha nc e the p r o duc tiv ity o f el ec tr ic a l ener gy .
8 Cl a ims , 5 Dr a w ing Figur es
\ U. S . Pa tent J un. 1 7 , 1 9 8 6 S heet 1 o f 2 4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
S heet 2 o f 2 4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5 _
Pa tent J un. 1 7 , 1 9 8 6
FIG . 2
4 .
4
O
5
4
A .
x o
1 " If I hr . l ' ? f l l /I/AV I A , 4
M. . . M. . . 1 . 8 I I! LII,
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FIG ' . 4 I
FIG . 3
4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
1
EFFICIENT POWER S UPPLY S UITABLE FOR
INDUCI IVE LOADS
BACKG ROUND OF THE INVENTION
1 . Fiel d o f the Inv entio n
The p r es ent inv entio n r el a tes to a n el ec tr ic a l dr iv ing
s y s tem a nd a c o nv er s io n el ement, a nd mo r e p a r tic u
l a r l y , to a s y s tem f o r dr iv ing a n induc tiv e l o a d in a
gr ea tl y imp r o v ed a nd ef ? c ient ma nner .
2 . Des c r ip tio n o f the Pr io r Ac t
In the o p inio n o f the inv ento r , ther e is no k no w n
dev ic e w hic h p r o v ides the c o nv er s io n o f ener gy f r o m a
dir ec t- c ur r ent el ec tr ic s o ur c e o r a n a l ter na ting- c ur r ent
el ec tr ic s o ur c e to a mec ha nic a l f o r c e ba s ed o n the p r in
c ip l e o f this inv entio n. EXAMPLE: A p o r ta bl e ener gy
s o ur c e, ( 1 ) s uc h a s a ba tter y , ( 2 ) s uc h a s a l ter na ting- c ur
r ent, ( 3 ) s uc h a s the c o mbina tio n o f ba tter y a nd a l ter na t
ing- c ur r ent, ma y be us ed w ith highl y imp r o v ed ef ?
c ienc y to o p er a te a mec ha nic a l dev ic e, w ho s e o utp ut is
a l inea r o r r o ta r y f o r c e, w ith a n a ttenda nt inc r ea s e in the
us ef ul p r o duc tiv e p er io d betw een ex ter na l a p p l ic a tio ns
o f ener gy r es to r a tio n f o r the ener gy s o ur c e.
S UMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The p r es ent inv entio n p r o v ides a mo r e ef ? c ient dr iv
ing s y s tem c o mp r is ing a s o ur c e o f el ec tr ic a l v o l ta ge; a
v ibr a to r c o nnec ted to the l o w - v o l ta ge s o ur c e f o r f o r m
ing a p ul s a ting s igna l ; a tr a ns f o r mer c o nnec ted to the
v ibr a to r f o r r ec eiv ing the p ul s a ting s igna l ; a high- v o l t
a ge s o ur c e, w her e a v a il a bl e, c o nnec ted to a br idge- ty p e
r ec ti? er ; o r the br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er c o nnec ted to the
high v o l ta ge p ul s e o utp ut o f the tr a ns f o r mer ; a c a p a c i
to r f o r r ec eiv ing the v o l ta ge p ul s e o utp ut; a c o nv er s io n
el ement ha v ing ? r s t a nd s ec o nd a no des , el ec tr ic a l l y
c o nduc tiv e mea ns f o r r ec eiv ing a c ha r ge p o s itio ned
a bo ut the s ec o nd a no de a nd a n o utp ut ter mina l c o n
nec ted to the c ha r ge r ec eiv ing mea ns , the s ec o nd a no de
being c o nnec ted to the c a p a c ito r ; a c o mmuta to r c o n
nec ted to the s o ur c e o f el ec tr ic a l v o l ta ge a nd to the ? r s t
a no de; a nd a n induc tiv e l o a d c o nnec ted to the o utp ut
ter mina l w her eby a high ener gy dis c ha r ge betw een the
? r s t a nd s ec o nd a no des is tr a ns f er r ed to the c ha r ge
r ec eiv ing mea ns a nd then to the induc tiv e l o a d.
As a s ub- c o mbina tio n, the p r es ent inv entio n a l s o in
c l udes a c o nv er s io n el ement c o mp r is ing a ho us ing; a
? r s t l o w v o l ta ge a no de mo unted to the ho us ing, the ? r s t
a no de a da p ted to be c o nnec ted to a v o l ta ge s o ur c e; a
s ec o nd high v o l ta ge a no de mo unted to the ho us ing, the
s ec o nd a no de a da p ted to be c o nnec ted to a v o l ta ge
s o ur c e; el ec tr ic a l l y c o nduc tiv e mea ns p o s itio ned a bo ut
the s ec o nd a no de a nd s p a c ed ther ef r o m f o r r ec eiv ing a
c ha r ge, the c ha r ge r ec eiv ing mea ns being mo unted to
the ho us ing; a nd a n o utp ut ter mina l c o mmunic a ting
w ith the c ha r ge r ec eiv ing mea ns , s a id ter mina l a da p ted
to be c o nnec ted to a n induc tiv e l o a d.
The inv entio n a l s o inc l udes a metho d f o r p r o v iding
p o w er to a n induc tiv e l o a d c o mp r is ing the s tep s o f
p r o v iding a v o l ta ge s o ur c e, p ul s a ting a s igna l f r o m s a id
c o ur c e; inc r ea s ing the v o l ta ge o f s a id s igna l ; r ec tif y ing
s a id s igna l ; s to r ing a nd inc r ea s ing the s igna l ; c o nduc ting
s a id s igna l to a high v o l ta ge a no de; p r o v iding a l o w
v o l ta ge to a s ec o nd a no de to f o r m a high ener gy dis
c ha r ge; el ec tr o s ta tic a l l y c o up l ing the dis c ha r ge to a
c ha r ge r ec eiv ing el ement; c o nduc ting the dis c ha r ge to
a n induc tiv e l o a d; c o up l ing a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r to the
l o a d; a nd c o up l ing the s ec o nd c a p a c ito r to the s o ur c e.
1 0
6 5
2
It is a n a im o f the p r es ent inv entio n to p r o v ide a
s y s tem f o r dr iv ing a n induc tiv e l o a d w hic h s y s tem is
s ubs ta ntia l l y mo r e ef ? c ient tha n a ny no w ex is ting.
Ano ther o bj ec t o f the p r es ent inv entio n is to p r o v ide
a s y s tem f o r dr iv ing a n induc tiv e l o a d w hic h is r el ia bl e,
is inex p ens iv e a nd s imp l y c o ns tr uc ted.
The f o r ego ing o bj ec ts o f the p r es ent inv entio n to
gether w ith v a r io us o ther o bj ec ts , a dv a nta ges , f ea tur es
a nd r es ul ts ther eo f w hic h w il l be ev ident to tho s e s k il l ed
in the a r t in l ight o f this dis c l o s ur e ma y be a c hiev ed
w ith the ex emp l a r y embo diment o f the inv entio n de
s c r ibed in deta il her eina f ter a nd il l us tr a ted in the a c
c o mp a ny ing dr a w ings .
BRIEF DES CRIPTION OF THE DRAWING S
FIG . 1 is a s c hema tic c ir c uit dia gr a m o f the el ec tr ic a l
dr iv ing s y s tem.
FIG . 2 is a n el ev a tio na l s ec tio na l v iew o f the el ec tr i
c a l c o nv er s io n el ement.
FIG . 3 is a p l a n s ec tio na l v iew ta k en a l o ng l ine 3 - 3
o f FIG . 2 .
FIG . 4 is a p l a n s ec tio na l v iew ta k en a l o ng l ine 4 - 4
o f FIG . 2 .
FIG . 5 is a s c hema tic c ir c uit dia gr a m o f the a l ter na t
ing- c ur r ent inp ut c ir c uit.
DES CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENT
Whil e the p r es ent inv entio n is s us c ep tibl e o f v a r io us
mo di? c a tio ns a nd a l ter na tiv e c o ns tr uc tio ns , a n embo di
ment is s ho w n in the dr a w ings a nd w il l her ein be de
s c r ibed in deta il . It s ho ul d be under s to o d ho w ev er tha t
it is no t the intentio n to l imit the inv entio n to the p a r tic
ul a r f o r m dis c l o s ed; but, o n the c o ntr a r y , the inv entio n
is to c o v er a l l mo di? c a tio ns , equiv a l ents a nd a l ter na tiv e _
c o ns tr uc tio ns f a l l ing w ithin the s p ir it a nd s c o p e o f the
inv entio n a s ex p r es s ed in the a p p ended c l a ims .
Ther e is dis c l o s ed her ein a n el ec tr ic a l dr iv ing s y s tem
w hic h, o n theo r y , w il l c o nv er t l o w v o l ta ge el ec tr ic
ener gy f r o m a s o ur c e s uc h a s a n el ec tr ic s to r a ge ba tter y
to a high p o tentia l , high c ur r ent ener gy p ul s e tha t is
c a p a bl e o f dev el o p ing a w o r k ing f o r c e a t the induc tiv e
o utp ut o f the dev ic e tha t is mo r e ef ? c ient tha n tha t
w hic h is c a p a bl e o f being dev el o p ed dir ec tl y f r o m the
ener gy s o ur c e. The imp r o v ement in ef ? c ienc y is f ur ther
enha nc ed by the c a p a bil ity o f the dev ic e to r etur n tha t
p o r tio n o f the initia l ener gy dev el o p ed, a nd no t us ed by
the induc tiv e l o a d in the p r o duc tio n o f mec ha nic a l en
er gy , to the s a me o r s ec o nd ener gy r es er v o ir o r s o ur c e
f o r us e el s ew her e, o r f o r s to r a ge.
This s y s tem a c c o mp l is hes the r es ul ts s ta ted a bo v e by
ha r nes s ing the el ec tr o s ta tic o r imp ul s e ener gy c r e
a ted by a high- intens ity s p a r k gener a ted w ithin a s p e
c ia l l y c o ns tr uc ted el ec tr ic a l c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el e
ment tube. This el ement util iz es a l o w - v o l ta ge a no de, a
high- v o l ta ge a no de, a nd o ne o r mo r e el ec tr o s ta tic o r
c ha r ge r ec eiv ing gr ids . Thes e gr ids a r e o f a p hy s ic a l
s iz e, a nd a p p r o p r ia tel y p o s itio ned, a s to be c o mp a tibl e
w ith the s iz e o f the tube, a nd ther ef o r e, dir ec tl y r el a ted
to the a mo unt o f ener gy to be a ntic ip a ted w hen the
dev ic e is o p er a ting.
The l o w - v o l ta ge a no de ma y inc o r p o r a te a r es is tiv e
dev ic e to a id in c o ntr o l l ing the a mo unt o f c ur r ent
dr a w n f r o m the ener gy s o ur c e. This l o w - v o l ta ge a no de
is c o nnec ted to the ener gy s o ur c e thr o ugh a mec ha nic a l
c o mmuta to r o r a s o l id- s ta te p ul s er tha t c o ntr o l s the
timing a nd dur a tio n o f the ener gy s p a r k w ithin the
el ement. The high- v o l ta ge a no de is c o nnec ted to a high
4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
3
v o l ta ge p o tentia l dev el o p ed by the a s s o c ia ted c ir c uits .
An ener gy dis c ha r ge o c c ur s w ithin the el ement w hen
the ex ter na l c o ntr o l c ir c uits p er mit. This s ho r t dur a tio n,
high- v o l ta ge, high- c ur r ent ener gy p ul s e is c a p tur ed by
the el ec tr o s ta tic gr ids w ithin the tube, s to r ed mo men
ta r il y , then tr a ns f er r ed to the induc tiv e o utp ut l o a d.
The inc r ea s e in ef ? c ienc y a ntic ip a ted in c o nv er ting
the el ec tr ic a l ener gy to mec ha nic a l ener gy w ithin the
induc tiv e l o a d is a ttr ibuted to the util iz a tio n o f the mo s t
o p timum timing in intr o duc ing the el ec tr ic a l ener gy to
the l o a d dev ic e, f o r the o p timum p er io d o f time.
Fur ther enha nc ement o f ener gy c o ns er v a tio n is a c
c o mp l is hed by c a p tur ing a s igni? c a nt p o r tio n o f the
ener gy gener a ted by the induc tiv e l o a d w hen the us ef ul
ener gy ? el d is c o l l a p s ing. This ener gy is no r ma l l y dis s i
p a ted in l o a d l o s s es tha t a r e c o ntr a r y to the des ir ed
ener gy util iz a tio n, a nd ha v e her eto f o r e been a c c ep ted
bec a us e no s uita bl e mea ns ha d been dev el o p ed to ha r
nes s this ener gy a nd r es to r e it to a s uita bl e ener gy s to r
a ge dev ic e.
The p r es ent inv entio n is c o nc er ned w ith tw o c o n
c ep ts o r c ha r a c ter is tic s . The ? r s t o f thes e c ha r a c ter is tic s
is o bs er v ed w ith the intr o duc tio n o f a n ener giz ing c ur
r ent thr o ugh the induc to r . The induc to r c r ea tes a c o n
tr a r y f o r c e ( c o unter - el ec tr o mo tiv e f o r c e o r CEMF)
tha t o p p o s es the ener gy intr o duc ed into the induc to r .
This CEMF inc r ea s es thr o ugho ut the time the intr o
duc ed ener gy is inc r ea s ing.
In no r ma l a p p l ic a tio ns o f a n a l ter na ting- c ur r ent to a n
induc tiv e l o a d f o r mec ha nic a l a p p l ic a tio ns , the us ef ul
w o r k o f the induc to r is a c c o mp l is hed p r io r to ter mina t
ing the a p p l ic a tio n o f ener gy . The ex c es s ener gy a p p l ied
is ther eby w a s ted.
Pr ev io us a ttemp ts to p r o v ide ener gy inp uts to a n
induc to r o f time dur a tio ns l imited to tha t p er io d w hen
the o p timum tr a ns f er o f induc tiv e ener gy to mec ha nic a l
ener gy is o c c ur ing, ha v e been l imited by the a bil ity o f
a ny s uc h dev ic e to ha ndl e the high c ur r ent r equir ed to
o p timiz e the ener gy tr a ns f er .
The s ec o nd c ha r a c ter is tic is o bs er v ed w hen the ener
giz ing c ur r ent is r emo v ed f r o m the induc to r . As the
c ur r ent is dec r ea s ed, the induc to r gener a tes a n EMF
tha t o p p o s es the r emo v a l o f c ur r ent o r , in o ther w o r ds ,
p r o duc es a n ener gy s o ur c e a t the o utp ut o f the induc to r
tha t s imul a tes the o r igina l ener gy s o ur c e, r educ ed by
the a c tua l ener gy r emo v ed f r o m the c ir c uit by the me
c ha nic a l l o a d. This r egener a ted , o r ex c es s , ener gy ha s
p r ev io us l y been l o s t due to a f a il ur e to p r o v ide a s to r a ge
c a p a bil ity f o r this ener gy .
In this inv entio n, a high- v o l ta ge, high- c ur r ent, s ho r t
dur a tio n ener gy p ul s e is a p p l ied to the induc tiv e l o a d by
the c o nv er s io n el ement. This el ement ma k es p o s s ibl e
the us e o f c er ta in o f tha t ener gy imp r es s ed w ithin a n a r c
a c r o s s a s p a r k - ga p , w itho ut the r es ul ta nt deter io r a tio n
o f c ir c uit el ements no r ma l l y a s s o c ia ted w ith high en
er gy el ec tr ic a l a r c s .
This inv entio n a l s o p r o v ides f o r c a p tur e o f a c er ta in
p o r tio n o f the ener gy induc ed by the high induc tiv e
k ic k p r o duc ed by the a br up t w ithdr a w a l o f the intr o
duc ed c ur r ent. This a br up t w ithdr a w a l o f c ur r ent is
a ttenda nt up o n the ter mina tio n o f the s timul a ting a r c .
The v o l ta ge s p ik e s o c r ea ted is imp o s ed up o n a c a p a c i
to r tha t c o up l es the a ttenda nt c ur r ent to a s ec o nda r y
ener gy s to r a ge dev ic e.
A no v el , but no t es s entia l , c ir c uit a r r a ngement p r o
v ides f o r s w itc hing the ener gy s o ur c e a nd the ener gy
s to r a ge dev ic e. This s w itc hing ma y be s o a r r a nged a s to
a c tua te a uto ma tic a l l y a t p r edeter mined times . The
0
2 5
3 0
4 - 0
4 5
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4
s w itc hing ma y be a t s p ec i? ed p er io ds deter mined by
ex p er imenta tio n w ith a p a r tic ul a r dev ic e, o r ma y be
a c tua ted by s o me c o ntr o l dev ic e tha t mea s ur es the r el a
tiv e ener gy c o ntent o f the tw o ener gy r es er v o ir s .
Ref er r ing no w to FIG . 1 , the s y s tem 1 0 w il l be de
s c r ibed in a dditio na l deta il . The p o tentia l f o r the high
v o l ta ge a no de, 1 2 o f the c o nv er s io n el ement 1 4 is dev el
o p ed a c r o s s the c a p a c ito r 1 6 . This v o l ta ge is p r o duc ed
by dr a w ing a l o w c ur r ent f r o m a ba tter y s o ur c e 1 8
thr o ugh the v ibr a to r 2 0. The ef f ec t o f the v ibr a to r is to
c r ea te a p ul s a ting inp ut to the tr a ns f o r mer 2 2 . The tur ns
r a tio o f the tr a ns f o r mer is c ho s en to o p timiz e the v o l t
a ge a p p l ied to a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er 2 4 . The o utp ut o f
the r ec ti? er is then a s er ies o f high- v o l ta ge p ul s es o f
mo des t c ur r ent. When the a v a il a bl e s o ur c e is a l r ea dy o f
the high v o l ta ge, AC ty p e, it ma y be c o up l ed dir ec tl y to
the br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er .
By r ep etitio us a p p l ic a tio n o f thes e o utp ut p ul s es f r o m
the br idge- ty p e r ec r i? er to the c a p a c ito r 1 6 , a high- v o l t
a ge, high- l ev el c ha r ge is buil t up o n the c a p a c ito r .
Co ntr o l o f the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube is
ma inta ined by a c o mmuta to r 2 6 . A s er ies o f c o nta c ts
mo unted r a dia l l y a bo ut a s ha f t, o r a s o l id- s ta te s w itc h
ing dev ic e s ens itiv e to time o r o ther v a r ia bl e ma y be
us ed f o r this c o ntr o l el ement. A s w itc hing el ement tube
ty p e o ne- w a y ener gy p a th 2 8 is intr o duc ed betw een the
c o mmuta to r dev ic e a nd the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el e
ment tube to p r ev ent high ener gy a r c ing a t the c o mmu
ta to r c ur r ent p a th. When the s w itc hing el ement tube is
c l o s ed, c ur r ent f r o m the v o l ta ge s o ur c e 1 8 is r o uted
thr o ugh a r es is tiv e el ement 3 0 a nd a l o w v o l ta ge a no de
3 2 . This c a us es a high ener gy dis c ha r ge betw een the
a no des w ithin the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube
1 4 .
The ener gy c o ntent o f the high ener gy p ul s e is el ec
tr o s ta tic a l l y c o up l ed to the c o nv er s io n gr ids 3 4 o f the
c o nv er s io n el ement. This el ec tr o s ta tic c ha r ge is a p p l ied
thr o ugh a n o utp ut ter mina l 6 0 ( FIG . 2 ) a c r o s s the l o a d
induc ta nc e 3 6 , induc ing a s tr o ng el ec tr o ma gnetic ? el d
a bo ut the induc tiv e l o a d. The intens ity o f this el ec tr o
ma gnetic ? el d is deter mined by the high el ec tr o mo tiv e
p o tentia l dev el o p ed up o n the el ec tr o s ta tic gr ids a nd the
v er y s ho r t time dur a tio n r equir ed to dev el o p the ener gy
p ul s e.
If the induc tiv e l o a d is c o up l ed ma gnetic a l l y to a
mec ha nic a l l o a d, a s tr o ng initia l to r que is dev el o p ed
tha t ma y be ef ? c ientl y util iz ed to p r o duc e p hy s ic a l
w o r k .
Up o n c es s a tio n o f the ener gy p ul s e ( a r e) w ithin the
c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube the induc tiv e l o a d is
dec o up l ed, a l l o w ing the el ec tr o ma gnetic ? el d a bo ut the
induc tiv e l o a d to c o l l a p s e. The c o l l a p s e o f this ener gy
? el d induc es w ithin the induc tiv e l o a d a c o unter EMF.
This c o unter EMF c r ea tes a high p o s itiv e p o tentia l
a c r o s s a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r w hic h, in tur n, is induc ed into
the s ec o nd ener gy s to r a ge dev ic e o r ba tter y 4 0 a s a
c ha r ging c ur r ent. The a mo unt o f c ha r ging c ur r ent
a v a il a bl e to the ba tter y 4 0 is dep endent up o n the initia l
c o nditio ns w ithin the c ir c uit a t the time o f dis c ha r ge
w ithin the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube a nd the
a mo unt o f mec ha nic a l ener gy c o ns umed by the w o r k
l o a d.
A s p a r k - ga p p r o tec tio n dev ic e 4 2 is inc l uded in the
c ir c uit to p r o tec t the induc tiv e l o a d a nd the r ec ti? er
el ements f r o m undul y l a r ge dis c ha r ge c ur r ents . S ho ul d
the p o tentia l s w ithin the c ir c uit ex c eed p r edeter mined
v a l ues , ? x ed by the mec ha nic a l s iz e a nd s p a c ing o f the
el ements w ithin the p r o tec tiv e dev ic e, the ex c es s en
4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
5
er gy is dis s ip a ted ( by p a s s ed) by the p r o tec tiv e dev ic e to
the c ir c uit c o mmo n ( el ec tr ic a l gr o und) .
Dio des 4 4 a nd 4 6 by p a s s the ex c es s o v er s ho o t gener
a ted w hen the Ener gy Co nv er s io n S w itc hing El ement
Tube is tr igger ed. A s w itc hing el ement 4 8 a l l o w s ei
ther ener gy s to r a ge s o ur c e to be us ed a s the p r ima r y
ener gy s o ur c e, w hil e the o ther ba tter y is us ed a s the
ener gy r etr iev a l unit. The s w itc h f a c il ita tes inter c ha ng
ing the s o ur c e a nd the r etr iev a l unit a t o p timum inter
v a l s to be deter mined by the util iz a tio n o f the c o nv er
s io n s w itc hing el ement tube. This s w itc hing ma y be
a c c o mp l is hed ma nua l l y o r a uto ma tic a l l y , a s deter mined
by the c ho ic e o f s w itc hing el ement f r o m a mo ng a l a r ge
v a r iety r ea dil y a v a il a bl e f o r the p ur p o s e.
FIG S . 2 , 3 , a nd 4 s ho w the mec ha nic a l s tr uc tur e o f
the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube 1 4 . An o uter
ho us ing 5 0 ma y be o f a ny ins ul a tiv e ma ter ia l s uc h a s
gl a s s . The a no des 1 2 a nd 2 2 a nd gr ids 3 4 a a nd 3 4 b a r e
? r ml y s ec ur ed by no nc o nduc tiv e s p a c er ma ter ia l 5 4 ,
a nd 5 6 . The r es is tiv e el ement 3 0 ma y be intr o duc ed into
the l o w - v o l ta ge a no de p a th to c o ntr o l the p ea k c ur r ents
thr o ugh the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube. The
r es is tiv e el ement ma y be o f a p iec e, o r it ma y be buil t o f
o ne o r mo r e r es is tiv e el ements to a c hiev e the des ir ed
r es ul t.
The a no de ma ter ia l ma y be identic a l f o r ea c h a no de,
o r ma y be o f dif f er ing ma ter ia l s f o r ea c h a no de, a s dic
ta ted by the mo s t ef ? c ient util iz a tio n o f the dev ic e, a s
deter mined by a p p r o p r ia te r es ea r c h a t the time o f p r o
duc tio n f o r the intended us e.
The s ha p e a nd s p a c ing o f the el ec tr o s ta tic gr ids is
a l s o s us c ep tibl e to v a r ia tio n w ith a p p l ic a tio n ( v o l ta ge,
c ur r ent, a nd ener gy r equir ements ) .
It is the c o ntentio n o f the inv ento r tha t by j udic io us
ma ting o f the el ements o f the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing
el ement tube, a nd the p r o p er s el ec tio n o f the c o mp o
nents o f the c ir c uit el ements o f the s y s tem, the des ir ed
theo r etic a l r es ul ts ma y be a c hiev ed. It is the inv ento r s
c o ntentio n tha t this ma ting a nd s el ec tio n p r o c es s is w el l
w ithin the c a p a bil ities o f intens iv e r es ea r c h a nd dev el
o p ment tec hnique.
Let it be s ta ted her e tha t s ubs tituting a s o ur c e o f
el ec tr ic a l ter na ting- c ur r ent s ubj ec t to the r equir ed c ur
r ent a nd/o r v o l ta ge s ha p ing a nd/ o r timing, either p r io r
to being c o ns ider ed a p r ima r y ener gy s o ur c e, o r ther e
a f ter , s ho ul d no t be c o ns tr ued to c ha nge the des c r ibed
util iz a tio n o r a p p l ic a tio n o f p r ima r y ener gy in a ny w a y .
S uc h ener gy c o nv er s io n is r ea dil y a c hiev ed by a ny o f a
mul titude o f w el l es ta bl is hed p r inc ip l es . The p r ef er r ed
embo diment o f this inv entio n mer el y a s s umes o p timum
util iz a tio n a nd o p timum bene? t f r o m this inv entio n
w hen us ed w ith p o r ta bl e ener gy dev ic es s imil a r in p r in
c ip l e to the w et- c el l o r dr y - c el l ba tter y .
This inv entio n p r o p o s es to util iz e the ener gy c o n
ta ined in a n inter na l l y gener a ted high- v o l ta ge el ec tr ic
s p ik e ( ener gy p ul s e) to el ec tr ic a l l y ener giz e a n induc
tiv e l o a d; this induc tiv e l o a d being then c a p a bl e o f c o n
v er ting the ener gy s o s up p l ied into a us ef ul el ec tr ic a l o r
mec ha nic a l o utp ut.
In o p er a tio n the high- v o l ta ge, s ho r t- dur a tio n el ec tr ic
s p ik e is gener a ted by dis c ha r ging the c a p a c ito r 1 6
a c r o s s the s p a r k - ga p in the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el e
ment tube. The nec es s a r y high- v o l ta ge p o tentia l is
s to r ed o n the c a p a c ito r in inc r ementa l , a dditiv e s tep s
f r o m the br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er 2 4 .
When the ener gy s o ur c e is a dir ec t- c ur r ent el ec tr ic
ener gy s to r a ge dev ic e, s uc h a s the ba tter y 1 2 , the inp ut
to the br idge r ec ti? er is p r o v ided by the v o l ta ge s tep - up
5
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 5
6 5
6
tr a ns f o r mer 2 2 , tha t is in tur n ener giz ed f r o m the v ibr a
to r 2 0, o r s o l id- s ta te c ho p p er , o r s imil a r dev ic e to p r o p
er l y dr iv e the tr a ns f o r mer a nd r ec ti? er c ir c uits .
When the ener gy s o ur c e is a n a l ter na ting- c ur r ent,
s w itc hes 6 4 dis c o nnec t tr a ns f o r mer 2 2 a nd the inp ut to
the br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er 2 4 is p r o v ided by the v o l ta ge
s tep - up tr a ns f o r mer 6 6 , tha t is in tur n ener giz ed f r o m
the v ibr a to r 2 0, o r s o l id- s ta te c ho p p er , o r s imil a r dev ic e
to p r o p er l y dr iv e the tr a ns f o r mer a nd r ec ti? er c ir c uits .
The r ep etitio ns o utp ut o f the br idge r ec ti? er inc r e
menta l l y inc r ea s es the c a p a c ito r c ha r ge to w a r d its ma x
imum. This c ha r ge is el ec tr ic a l l y c o nnec ted dir ec tl y to
the high- v o l ta ge a no de 1 2 o f the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing
el ement tube.
When the l o w - v o l ta ge a no de 3 2 is c o nnec ted to a
s o ur c e o f c ur r ent, a n a r c is c r ea ted in the s p a r k - ga p
des igna ted 6 2 o f the c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube
equiv a l ent to the p o tentia l s to r ed o n the high- v o l ta ge
a no de, a nd the c ur r ent a v a il a bl e f r o m the l o w - v o l ta ge
a no de. Bec a us e the dur a tio n o f the a r c is v er y s ho r t, the
ins ta nta neo us v o l ta ge, a nd ins ta nta neo us c ur r ent ma y
bo th be v er y high. The ins ta nta neo us p ea k a p p a r ent
p o w er is ther ef o r e, a l s o v er y high. Within the c o nv er
s io n s w itc hing el ement tube, this ener gy is a bs o r bed by
the gr ids 3 4 a a nd 3 4 b mo unted c ir c umf er entia l l y a bo ut
the inter io r o f the tube.
Co ntr o l o f the ener gy s p ik e w ithin the c o nv er s io n
s w itc hing el ement tube is a c c o mp l is hed by a mec ha ni
c a l , o r s o l id- s ta te c o mmuta to r , tha t c l o s es the c ir c uit
p a th f r o m the l o w - v o l ta ge a no de to the c ur r ent s o ur c e
a t tha t mo ment w hen the del iv er y o f ener gy to the
o utp ut l o a d is mo s t a us p ic io us . Any number o f s ta nda r d
high- a c c ur a c y , v a r ia bl e s etting dev ic es a r e a v a il a bl e f o r
this p ur p o s e. When c o ntr o l o f the r ep etitiv e r a te o f the
s y s tem s o utp ut is r equir ed, it is a c c o mp l is hed by c o n
tr o l l ihg the time o f c o nnec tio n a t the l o w - v o l ta ge a n
o de. -
Thus ther e c a n be p r o v ided a n el ec tr ic a l dr iv ing
s y s tem ha v ing a l o w - v o l ta ge s o ur c e c o up l ed to a v ibr a
to r , a tr a ns f o r mer a nd a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er to p r o v ide
a high v o l ta ge p ul s a ting s igna l to a ? r s t c a p a c ito r .
Wher e a high- v o l ta ge s o ur c e is o ther w is e a v a il a bl e, it
ma y be c o up l ed dir ec t to a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er , c a us ing
a p ul s a ting s igna l to a ? r s t c a p a c ito r . The c a p a c ito r in
tur n is c o up l ed to a high- v o l ta ge a no de o f a n el ec tr ic a l
c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube. The el ement a l s o
inc l udes a l o w - v o l ta ge a no de w hic h in tur n is c o n
nec ted to a v o l ta ge s o ur c e by a c o mmuta to r , a s w itc h
ing el ement tube, a nd a v a r ia bl e r es is to r . Mo unted
a r o und the high- v o l ta ge a no de is a c ha r ge r ec eiv ing
p l a te w hic h in tur n is c o up l ed to a n induc tiv e l o a d to
tr a ns mit a high- v o l ta ge dis c ha r ge f r o m the el ement to
the l o a d. Al s o c o up l ed to the l o a d is a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r
f o r s to r ing the ba c k EMF c r ea ted by the c o l l a p s ing
el ec tr ic a l ? el d o f the l o a d w hen the c ur r ent to the l o a d
is bl o c k ed. The s ec o nd c a p a c ito r in tur n is c o up l ed to
the v o l ta ge s o ur c e.
Wha t is c l a imed is :
1 . An el ec tr ic a l dr iv ing s y s tem c o mp r is ing:
a s o ur c e o f el ec tr ic a l v o l ta ge;
a v ibr a to r c o nnec ted to s a id s o ur c e f o r f o r ming a
p ul s a ting s igna l ;
a tr a ns f o r mer c o nnec ted to s a id v ibr a to r f o r r ec eiv ing
s a id p ul s a ting s igna l ;
a r ec ti? er c o nnec ted to s a id tr a ns f o r mer ha v ing a
high- v o l ta ge p ul s e o utp ut;
a c a p a c ito r f o r r ec eiv ing s a id v o l ta ge p ul s e o utp ut;
4 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 5
7
a c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube ha v ing ? r s t a nd
s ec o nd a no des , el ec tr ic a l l y c o nduc tiv e mea ns f o r
r ec eiv ing a c ha r ge p o s itio ned a bo ut s a id s ec o nd
a no de a nd a n o utp ut ter mina l c o nnec ted to s a id
c ha r ge r ec eiv ing mea ns , s a id s ec o nd a no de being
c o nnec ted to s a id c a p a c ito r ;
a c o mmuta to r c o nnec ted to s a id s o ur c e o f el ec tr ic a l
v o l ta ge a nd to s a id ? r s t a no de; a nd
a n induc tiv e l o a d c o nnec ted to s a id o utp ut ter mina l
w her eby a high ener gy dis c ha r ge betw een s a id ? r s t
a nd s ec o nd a no des is tr a ns f er r ed to s a id c ha r ge
r ec eiv ing mea ns a nd then to s a id induc tiv e l o a d.
2 . A s y s tem a s c l a imed in c l a im 1 , inc l uding
a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r f o r r ec eiv ing a c ha r ge f r o m s a id
l o a d.
3 . A s y s tem a s c l a imed in c l a im 2 , inc l uding
a s w itc hing el ement tube p o s itio ned in s er ies betw een
s a id c o mmuta to r a nd s a id ? r s t a no de.
4 . A s y s tem a s c l a imed in c l a im 3 , inc l uding
a s ec o nd s o ur c e o f v o l ta ge a nd a s w itc h f o r r ec eiv ing
a s igna l f r o m s a id s ec o nd c a p a c ito r .
5 . A s y s tem a s c l a imed in c l a im 4 w her ein:
s a id c o nv er s io n s w itc hing el ement tube inc l udes a
r es is tiv e el ement in s er ies w ith s a id ? r s t a no de; a nd
s a id c ha r ge r ec eiv ing mea ns is tubul a r l y s ha p ed.
5
1 5
3 O
3 5
4 5
5 5
6 5
8
6 . A s y s tem a s in c l a im 1 w her ein s a id s o ur c e c o m
p r is es a dir ec t c ur r ent s o ur c e a nd w her ein s a id s y s tem
f ur ther c o mp r is es :
a s o ur c e o f a l ter na ting c ur r ent; a nd
a s w itc h mea ns f o r s el ec ting s a id dir ec t- c ur r ent o r
s a id a l tema ting- c ur r ent p o w er s o ur c e a s inp ut to
s a id r ec ti? er .
7 . A s y s tem a s in c l a im 1 w her ein s a id r ec ti? er c o m
p r is es a br idge- ty p e r ec ti? er .
8 . A metho d f o r p r o v iding p o w er to a n induc tiv e l o a d
c o mp r is ing the s tep s o f
p r o v iding a v o l ta ge s o ur c e;
p ul s a ting a s igna l f r o m s a id s o ur c e;
inc r ea s ing the v o l ta ge o f s a id s igna l ;
r ec tif y ing s a id s igna l ;
s to r ing a nd inc r ea s ing s a id s igna l ;
c o nduc ting s a id s igna l to a high- v o l ta ge a no de;
p r o v iding a l o w - v o l ta ge to a s ec o nd a no de to f o r m a
high ener gy dis c ha r ge;
el ec tr o s ta tic a l l y c o up l ing s a id dis c ha r ge to a c ha r ge
r ec eiv ing el ement;
c o nduc ting s a id dis c ha r ge to a n induc tiv e l o a d;
c o up l ing a s ec o nd c a p a c ito r to s a id l o a d; a nd
c o up l ing s a id c a p a c ito r to s a id s o ur c e.
it 1 3 K 4 K 1 i