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IS 14572 (1998): Chloroform - Code of safety [CHD 8:
Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]
IS 14572 : 1998
(Reaffirmed - 2012)
Indian Standard
CHLOROFORM CODE OF SAFETY
ICS 13.30 0
BIS 1998
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
July 1998 Price Group 3


Chemical Hazards Sectiona l Committee , CHD 007
FOREWORD
This India n Standar d wa s adopte d b y Burea u o f Indian Standards , afte r th e draf t finalize d b y th e Chemica l
Hazards Sectiona l Committe e ha d been approve d by the Chemica l Division Council .
Chloroform i s widel y use d i n the manufactur e of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant s and propellants . I t i s used a s
solvent fo r waxes, fats , oils , resins , i n the extraction and purification of penicillin an d other pharmaceuticals ,
in th e manufactur e o f artificial silk , plastics , floo r polishe s an d i n sterilizatio n o f catgut . I t i s als o use d i n
analytical chemistr y a s a reagent/solvent .
The majo r hazar d o f chlorofor m arise s i n repeate d exposur e t o lo w atmospheri c concentration s whic h ma y
result in damage to liver, kidneys and heart. In high concentrations, it is sterilization of catgut. In high concentrations,
it is narcotic and effective anaesthetic. It s contact with skin and mucous membranes may produce local irritation.
In th e preparatio n o f this standard, assistanc e ha s been derived fro m th e followin g publications :
a) Chemica l Safet y Dat a Shee t SD-8 9 o n Chlorofor m (1974) ;
b) 'Chloromethanes ' Technica l and Engineering Service Bulletin No. 21 (1966). Allie d Chemical Corporation,
USA;
c) Dangerou s Properties of Industrial Material s ( N. Irvin g Sa x ) (1984) ; and
d) NIOSH/OSH A Pocke t Guid e t o Chemica l Hazard s (1978) .
The Committe e responsibl e fo r th e formulation o f this standar d i s give n i n Anne x A.

AMENDMENT NO. 2 AUGUST 2007
TO
IS 14572 : 1998 CHLOROFORM
CODE OF SAFETY
(Page 2, clause 5.1.1) Substitut e the following for the existing:
'Threshold Limit Value - ACGIH Threshol d Limi t Value (TLV-TWA) 10 ppm
ACGIH (TLV-TWA) - The TWA concentration for a conventional 8 h work day
and 4 0 h wor k week , t o whic h i t i s believe d tha t nearl y al l worker s ma y b e
repeatatedly exposed, day after day for lifetime without adverse effect. '
[Page 2, clause 5.4(a)] Add the following at the end:
'Chloroform i s a confirmed animal carcinogen. '
(Page 4, clause 9.3) Add the following new clause at the end:
'10 FIRST AID MEASURES
10.1 Inhalation Remov e t o fres h air . I f no t breathing , giv e artificia l
respiration. I f breathin g i s difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.
10.2 Ingestion I f swallowed, D O NOT INDUC E VOMITING . Giv e larg e
quantities of water. Never give anything by mout h to an unconscious person. Get
medical attention immediately .
10.3 Skin Contact Immediatel y flush ski n with plent y of water for at least 1 5
minutes whil e removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Ge t medical attention
immediately. Was h clothing before reuse. Thoroughl y clean shoes before reuse.
10.4 Eye Contact Immediatel y flus h eyes wit h plent y of water for at least 1 5
minutes, liftin g lowe r an d uppe r eyelid s occasionally . Ge t medica l attentio n
immediately.
10.5 Note to Physician Becaus e kidne y an d live r effect s may b e delayed ,
keep victi m unde r observation fo r 24 t o 48 h . Administratio n of fluids may hel p
to preven t kidne y failure . Obtai n bloo d glucose , urinalysis , live r function tests ,
chest X-ray, and monitor cardiac functio n an d fluid/electrolyt e status . Monito r
1

Amend No. 2 to IS 14572 : 1998
liver an d kidne y functio n fo r 4 t o 5 day s afte r exposure . Disulfiram , it s
metabolites, an d a hig h carbohydrat e die t appea r t o protec t somewha t agains t
chloroform t o city . Do not give adrenalin. Test s may show increased bilirubin,
ketosis, lowered blood prothombin, and fibrogen.'
(CHD 8)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, Indi a
2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 2004
TO
IS 14572 : 1998 CHLOROFORM CODE OF SAFETY
( Page 1, clause 4.1.4 ) Inser t the following at the end:
'4.1.5 CAS Registry No. : 67-66- 3
4.1.6 U N No. : 1888 '
( Page 1, clause 4.2.2 ) Substitute the following for the existing:
'4.2.2 Odour Pleasant, sweetish, ethereal odour , non-irritant. '
( Page 2, clause 5.1.2, line 2 ) Substitut e '50 0 pp m ( 2 50 0 mg/m
3
)'
for ' 1 00 0 ppm ( 5 000 mg/m
3
)'.
( Page 2, clause 5.1.2 ) Inser t the following at the end and renumber the
subsequent clauses:
' 5.1.3 OSH A PEL , STEL 5 0 ppm (240 mg/m
3
)'
[ Page 2, clause 5.4(a) ] Insert the following at the end:
'It may cause birth defects' .
( Page 3, clause 6.3.1 ) Insert the following at the end:
'For exposur e rang e >5 0 t o <50 0 pp m respirator y equipmen t shoul d b e o f
supplied air , constan t flo w pressur e demand , ful l fac e typ e an d fo r exposur e
range o f 50 0 pp m an d abov e self-containe d breathin g apparatus , pressur e
demand, ful l fac e type respiratory equipment should be used. '
( Page 4, clause 9.2 ) Insert the following at the end:
'or other non-combustibl e absorbent' .
( CHD 8 )
Reprography Unit , BIS, New Delhi, India

IS 14572 : 1998
Indian Standard
CHLOROFORM CODE OF SAFETY
1 SCOPE
1.1 Thi s code describes the properties of chloroform;
the natur e of hazards associate d wit h it ; persona l
protective equipment; storage, handling, labelling and
transportation; spillage/leakage and waste disposal;
fire prevention and fire fighting; training and health
monitoring; and first aid.
1.2 This code doe s not dea l wit h specifications of
chloroform or for design of building or plants, storage
vessels and equipments for operational control.
2 REFERENCES
The Indian Standards listed below contain provisions
which throug h referenc e i n thi s text , constitut e
provisions of this Indian Standard. At the time of
publication, the editions indicated wer e valid. Al l
standards ar e subjec t t o revision , an d partie s t o
agreements base d o n thi s India n Standar d ar e
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying
the mos t recen t edition s o f the India n Standard s
indicated below:
IS No. Title
4155 : 1966 Glossar y of terms relating to chemical
and radiation hazards and hazardous
chemicals
4167 : 1980 Glossar y o f terms relatin g t o ai r
pollution ( first revision )
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this code, the definitions given
in IS 4155 and IS 4167 shall apply.
4 GENERAL PROPERTIES
4.1 General Information
4.1.1 Common Name Chlorofor m
4.1.2 Chemical Name Trichloromethane,
methyl trichloride
4.1.3 Chemical Formula CHCl
3
4.1.4 Molecular Mass 119.38
4.2 Physical Properties
4.2.1 Physical State Colourles s volatil e
liquid
4.2.2 Odour Pleasant , sweetish ,
non-irritant
4.2.3 Light Sensitivity Decompose s a t
ordinary temperature, in
sunlight in the absence
of air and in the dark in
the presenc e o f air .
Phosgene is one of the
oxidative decomposition
products
4.2.4 Freezing Point 63.5 C
4.2.5 Boiling Point 61.2 C
4.2.6 Specific Gravity 1.4 9 at 15C
(Liquid)
4.2.7 Vapour Density 4. 1
( ai r =l )
4.2.8 Vapour Presssure 61 mm Hg at 0 C
200 mm Hg at 25.9C
526 mm Hg at 50C
4.2.9 Hygroscopicity Hygroscopi c
4.2.10 Miscibility Immiscibl e with water .
Miscible wit h alcohol ,
ether, benzene, solvent
naphtha an d carbo n
tetrachloride
4.3 Chemical Properties
4.3.1 I n presence of excess moisture, strong alkalies,
sunlight and high temperatures chloroform decomposes
to highly toxic phosgene and hydrochloric acid.
4.3.2 Dangerous interchemical reactions are possible
with certain chemicals as under:
a) Aceton e Violen t reactio n i n
the presenc e
of potassiu m
hydroxide;
b) Aluminiu m (powder) Possible explosion;
c) Dinitrogentetraoxid e Explosion b y
impact;
d) Fluorin e Violen t reaction;
1

IS 14572 : 1998
e) Sodiu m hydroxide Explosiv e reaction .
and methanol
Also violently react with bisilane, lithium, magnesium,
potassium, perchlori c acid, phosphorus pentoxide,
sodium, sodiu m methylat e an d potassiu m tertiar y
butoxide.
4.4 Fire and Explosion Hazards
4.4.1 Chlorofor m is non-flammable and non-explosive
in air. It does not support combustion, but decomposes
to liberate phosgene when involved in a fire. It s hot
vapour in admixture with vapourized alcohol burns with
a green-tinged flame.
4.5 Corrosion Properties
4.5.1 Chlorofor m is more susceptible to oxidation. The
material o f construction fo r th e tan k an d proces s
equipment require special consideration.
4.5.2 Th e ethanol inhibited grade of chloroform i s
not compatible with mild steel. Amylen e inhibited
chloroform can be handled in mild steel equipment if
adequate care is taken to prevent contact with water
or moist air.
5 HEALTH EFFECTS AND TOXICITY
INFORMATION
5.1 Repeated exposure to low atmospheric concentration
may result in damage to liver, kidney and heart. Contact
with skin and mucous membranes may produce local
irritation.
It is a suspected human carcinogen. Regula r medical
examination fo r person s engage d i n handlin g o f
chloroform is advisable.
5.1.1 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 10 pp m
( 50 mg/m
3
).
5.1.2 Immediately Dangerous t o Life o r Health
Concentration (IDLH) 1000 ppm (5 000 mg/m
3
).
5.1.3 Chlorofor m causes irritation of the conjuctivitis.
On inhalation it causes dilation of the pupil s with
reduced reaction to light as well as reduced intra-ocular
pressure.
5.1.4 I t ha s bee n widel y use d a s a n anaesthetic .
However, due t o it s toxi c effects , thi s us e i s being
abandoned. Prolonged administration as an anaesthetic
may lead to such serious effects as profound toxemia
and damage to the liver, kidneys, heart which leads to
paralysis by cardiac respiratory failure and finally death.
No cases of chronic poisoning due to chloroform have
been reported.
5.2 Routes of Entry
5.2.1 Th e toxicologically important routes of entry
are inhalation, ingestion and skin and/or eye contact.
5.2.2 Sustaine d contact of chloroform with skin may
produce dermatitis at the site of contact and burns if
left in contact with the material.
5.3 Acute Toxicity
a) I n man y respects , th e toxi c actio n o f
chloroform resemble s tha t o f carbo n
tetrachloride. The expected effects of various
atmospheric concentrations are indicated in
Table 1.
The use of chloroform as a surgical anaesthetic
abandoned becaus e exposur e t o narcoti c
concentration was often followed either by
sudden death through it s effects on the heart
and circulation or by severe injury to the liver.
b) Whe n splased int o eye , chlorofor m causes
local pai n an d irritation but serious injur y
would not be expected.
c) Ski n contac t fo r single , brie f exposure s
ordinarily causes little or no local irritation.
d) Ingestio n of chloroform is followed immediately
by sever e burning in the mouth and throat,
pain in the chest and abdomen and vomitting.
Depending upon the amount swallowed loss
of consciousness and liver injury may follow.
e) Th e tendency of chloroform to produce liver
injury i s significantl y greate r an d faste r i n
alcoholics an d i n persons wit h nutritiona l
deficiencies.
5.4 Chronic Toxicity
a) Chlorofor m is a suspected human carcinogen.
b) Repeate d exposure to well below the threshold
value, ma y caus e injur y t o th e live r and
kidneys.
c) Industria l experienc e ha s shown that dail y
exposure t o concentrations below 100 ppm
(490 mg/m
3
) ma y resul t i n a variet y o f
symptoms referable to the nervous system and
alimentary tract, in the absence of demonstrable
evidence of injury.
d) Th e injury to the liver is similar to that caused
by carbo n tetrachlorid e bu t tend s t o b e
somewhat less severe than the latter. Injur y
to the kidney was usuall y les s sever e than
liver injury. Repeate d or prolonged contact
2

IS 14572 : 1998
Table 1 Effects of Various Atmospheric Concentrations of Chloroform
(Clause 5.3)
Sl No .
(1)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
Concentration
mg/m
3
pp m
(2)
70 000-80 00 0
20 000
7 20 0
5 000
4 90 0
1 900
1 000-1 5 000
100 - 350
(3)
14 336-16 384
4 096
1 475
1 024
1 000
389
205 - 307
20-70
Response
(4)
Narcotic limitin g concentratio n
Vomitting, sensatio n o f faintin g
Dizziness an d salivatio n afte r a fe w
minutes exposur e
Dizziness, intracrania l pressur e an d
nausea afte r 7 minute s
Definite afte r effect s : fatigu e an d
headache stil l fel t hour s later .
IDLH
Endured fo r 3 0 minute s withou t
complaint
Lowest amount that ca n b e detected
by odour
Slight subjectiv e complaint s ma y
occur
with the skin, may result in local irritation and
inflammation.
6 STORAGE, HANDLING, LABELLING AND
TRANSPORT
6.1 Storage
Chloroform is susceptible to oxidation. The material
of construction for the tank and process equipment
requires special consideration. The ethanol-inhibited
grade of chloroform are not compatible with mild steel
storage and handling equipment. The use of stainless
steel lined mild steel, nickel clad steel, or stainless
steel of the 300 series, for this is suggested. Amylene
inhibited chlorofor m can be handle d i n mil d steel
equipment if adequate care is taken to prevent contact
with water of moist air. Aluminium is not recommended
as chloromethanes, under certain conditions, can react
with aluminium to form explosive mixtures. Stric t
maintenance of the drying columns in atmospheric
breathing storage tanks should be employed.
6.1.1 Th e storage tank capacity should be sized for
about 10 percent greater volume than the maximum
quantity of chloroform it will contain, to allow for liquid
expansion with increasing temperature. The tank may
be fabricated of all welded mild carbon steel designed
for a liquid density of 1.34. If it is to be used in a closed
system it should be designed to withstand full vacuum
and an internal pressure. Tanis should be protected
against over-pressure by means of safety rupture disc.
6.1.2 Precautionary measures should be taken to ensure
that moisture does not contaminate the solvent. To
minimize evaporation losses , a completel y seale d
storage tank is recommeded.
Used tanks may require manual cleaning. Iron scrapper
and wire brush may be used to remove any hardened
sediment and oxide coating which may be in evidence.
Scrubbing the interior with solution of commercial
detergent, followed by a thorough water rinse, will
remove most of the contaminants. The tank must be
absolutely dry before it is charged with product.
6.2 Transport
6.2.1 A s per United Nations Recommendations for
Transport o f Dangerous Goods , Chlorofor m i s
classified unde r Clas s 6. 1 Poisonous (Toxic )
substances and UN Number is 1888.
6.2.2 Follo w code symbols and other precautionary
measures liste d i n the UN Recommendations and
Government Regulations.
6.3 Handling
6.3.1 Personal Protecting Equipment
Wear safet y goggles , sel f containe d breathin g
apparatus, air line mask, hand gloves.
6.3.2 Trucks are usually equipped with pumps driven
by a power take-off. They are essentially self-unloading
3

IS 14572 : 1998
with operations performed by the truck driver. I t is
customary t o unloa d car s b y mean s o f rotary o r
centrifugal pump connected to the bottom outlet of
the car by means of a flexible connection. Since the
liquid is volatile, it is necessary to ensure adequate
net positive suction hea d for the pump t o prevent
flashing the pump intake and loss of capacity.
6.3.3 Pump
Positive displacement rotary pumps are recommended
for chloroform service. Submerge d centrifugal pumps
may be used in storage tanks designed for atmospheric
service. Externally mounted flooded suction centrifugal
pumps may be used if care is taken to provide adequate
suction head.
6.3.4 Piping
Piping may be of steel or black iron, preferably with
welded or flanged joints. Lubricant for threaded joints
must be of a type resistant to chloroform, such as white
lead, graphit e and glycerine pastes or fluorocarbon
tape. Compresse d or screwed asbestos gasket s are
recommended for flanged joints. Grounding connectors
should be installed around such joints.
6.3.5 Flange d or screwed iron gate or globe valves
may be used. Stainles s steel trim is recommended to
protect agains t corrosio n wher e the liqui d ma y be
exposed to the atmosphere.
6.3.6 Metalli c hose of monel , stainless steel or mild
steel may be used for flexible connections. Mil d steel
hose, i f disconnected between periods of us e as i n
unloading cars or trucks, should be cleaned and dried
or protected from exposure by blanking off the open
ends until needed again. Al l natura l and syntheti c
rubber and PVC are to be avoided.
6.3.7 It is recommended that some type of line filte
be installed between storage and process to remov
any particulate contamination.
7 FIRE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING
7.1 Chlorofor m wil l no t bur n i n ai r o r supp o
combustion and does not present a fire hazard. Howeve
chloroform an d it s decompositio n product s a r
hazardous. Therefor e self-containe d breathi n
apparatus shoul d be used.
8 SPILLS AND LEAKS
8.1 Th e most important danger of chloroform arise
from the fact that repeated exposure to low atmospher
concentrations ma y resul t i n damage t o live r an
kidneys. In high concentrations, chloroform has narcot
properties. Contact with skin and mucous membrane
may produce local irritation.
8.2 In case of spill or lea k of small quantity, abso r
the material by pouring sand or earth. However, in cas
of major (large) quantity spill or leak, dispose off th
materials by atomizing in a combustion chamber.
8.3 Wea r respiratory protection while approachin
heavy leakages.
8.4 Preven t contact with skin, eyes.
9 WASTE DISPOSAL
9.1 Al l local and state regulations concerning was
disposal to streams, municipal treatment plants, or i
to the ground shall be determined and complied wit
9.2 Smal l quantities of chloroform can be dispose
off by pouring on dry sand or earth.
9.3 Large quantities of waste mixture can be dispose
off by atomizing in a combustion chamber.
4

( Continue d o n page 6 )
5
Chairman
DR R . K . GAR G
Members
DR S . K . AWASTH I
SHRI D. C . BHAT T ( Alternate )
DR A. BHASKA R
SHRI A. JHAVA R ( Alternate )
SHRI A . K . CHAKRABORT Y
DR J . G . BOMAN E ( Alternate )
SHRI V . H . CHUDAMAN I
SHRI A. G . SESHA N ( Alternate )
SHRI P . M . KARI A
SHRI MOHA N PATI L ( Alternate )
SHRI K . G . KAIMA L
SHRI A . K . MEHR A
SHRI SURINDE R KUMA R ( Alternate )
DR H . MUKHERJE E
SHRI A. S . GHOSA L ( Alternate )
DR DEOK I NANDA N
DR D . J . PARIK H
DR T . S . PATE L ( Alternate )
DR S . S . RATH I
SHRI P . DA S ( Alternate )
SHRI A . A . RAMAKRISHNA N
DR AJA Y PRAKAS H ( Alternate )
DR K . V . RAMALINGA M
SHRI JAYANT A ADHI A ( Alternate )
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
SHRI J . P . SAXEN A
DR S . P . SHARM A ( Alternate )
SHRI K . D . SHARM A
SHRI C. D . BANKA R ( Alternate )
DR M . SENGUPT A
DR (SHRIMATI ) INDRAN I CHANDR A SEKARA N
( Alternate )
DR P . K . SET H
DR P . N . VISWANATHA N ( Alternate )
SHRI A . C . SRIVASTAV A
SHRIMATI SUNIT A KUMA R
DR P . S . VENKATARAMAN I
DR A. K . SAXENA ( Alternate )
DR R . K . SINGH ,
Director (Chem )
Representing
Defence Recruitmen t Board , Ne w Delh i
Indian Petrochemica l Corporatio n Ltd , Vadodar a
Hindustan Leve r Ltd , Mumba i
Directorate General of Factory Advice Service and Labou r Institute,
Mumbai
Hindustan Organi c Chemical s Ltd , Rasayan i
Excel Industrie s Ltd , Mumba i
Directorate Genera l o f Ordinance Factor y Board , Calcutt a
Shriram Foo d an d Fertilizer s Industries , Ne w Delh i
Department o f Explosives , Nagpu r
Bhabha Atomi c Researc h Centre , Mumba i
National Institut e o f Occupational Health , Ahemdaba d
Ministry o f Defenc e (DGQA) , Ne w Delh i
National Organi c Chemica l Industne s Ltd , Mumba i
Century Rayon , Kalya n
Indian Chemica l Manufacturer s Association , Calcutt a
National Safet y Council , Mumba i
Indian Drug s an d Pharmaceutical s Ltd , Virbhadr a
Directorate Genera l o f Technical Development , Ne w Delh i
Ministry o f Environment an d Forests , Ne w Delh i
Industrial Toxicolog y Researc h Centre , Luckno w
Projects an d Developmen t Indi a Ltd , Sindr i
Development Commissioner , Smal l Scal e Industries , Ne w Delh i
Ministry o f Defence (R&D) , Ne w Delh i
Directorate General , BI S (Ex-officio Member)
ANNEX A
( Foreword )
Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 007
IS 14572 : 1998
Member Secretary
SHRI T . RANGASAM Y
JOINT DIRECTO R (CHEM) , BI S

IS 14572 : 1998
( Continued from page 5 )
6
Miscellaneous Hazards Subcommittee, CHD 007:05
Convener
SHRI A . K . MEHR A
Members
DR A. BHASKA R
SHRI A. JHAVA R ( Alternate )
SHRI A . K . CHAKRABORT Y
SHRI S . S . GAUTA M ( Alternate )
SHRI A . RAMAMURTH Y
SHRI S . NARYA N ( Alternate )
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE
DR M . K . SHA H
SHRI S . B . JOSH I ( Alternate )
DR P . N . VISWANATHA N
Representing
Shriram Foo d an d Fertilizer s Industries , Ne w Delh i
Hindustan Leve r Limited , Mumba i
Directorate General of Factory Advice Servic e and Labour Institute,
Mumbai
Bhabha Atomi c Researc h Centre , Mumba i
All Indi a Industria l Gase s Manufacturer s Association, Ne w Delhi
Directorate Genera l Technica l Developments , Ne w Delh i
Fertilizers an d Chemical s Udyogmandal , Travancor e
Indian Chemica l Manufacturer s Association , Calcutt a
Ministry o f Environmen t an d Forests , Ne w Delh i
National Peroxide s Ltd , Mumba i
National Safet y Council , Mumba i
Navin Flouorin e Industries , Mumba i
Railway Board , Luckno w
Colour-Chem Limited , Mumba i
Industrial Toxicolog y Researc h Centr e (CSIR) , Luckno w

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copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of 'BI S Handbook ' and 'Standards : Monthl y Additions'.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CHD 7 ( 8817 ).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Tetx Affecte d
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KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM .
Printed at New Indi a Printing Press, Khurja, Indi a
337 84 99, 337 85 61
337 86 26, 337 86 62
60 38 43
60 20 25
235 02 16, 235 04 42
235 15 19, 235 23 15
832 92 95, 832 78 58
832 78 91, 832 78 92