ATC 83 Presentation

1
TRAININGWEBINAR
SoilStructureInteractionforBuilding
Structures(ATC83)
ATC83ImprovedProceduresforCharacterizing&ModelingSoil
StructureInteractionforPerformanceBasedEngineering
1
JonathanP.Stewart
ProfessorandChairofCivilEngineering,UCLA
NISTGCR1291721REPORT
October30,2013
2
ProjectTechnicalCommittee
JonathanPStewart(Chair)
CBCrouse
TaraHutchinson
BretLizundia
FarzadNaeim
FarhangOstadan
WorkingGroupMembers
CurtHaselton
FortunatoEnriquez
MichaelGivens
SilviaMazzoni
ErikOlstad
AndreasSchellenberg
ReviewPanel
CraigComartin
YousefHashash
AnnieKammerer
GyimahKasali
GeorgeMylonakis
GrahamPowell
2
ProjectScope
Literatureassimilationandreport
preparation
Exampleapplications(problem
focusedstudies)
Practitionerinterviewsandinput
ATC83ImprovedProceduresforCharacterizing&ModelingSoilStructure
InteractionforPerformanceBasedEngineering
3
Outline
SSImodelingstrategies[Chaps1,4,7]
Inertialinteraction[Chaps2,5]
Kinematicinteraction[Chap3]
ExampleapplicationsandRHA
recommendations[Chap7,8]
Recommendationsforgeotechnical
structuralengineerinteractions[Chap6].
4
3
Somemajorissuesaddressedbyproject:
Whatfieldandlaboratoryinvestigationsare
requiredtodevelopsoilspringsanddashpotsfor
SSIanalysis?
Underwhatconditionsistheuseofsoil
springs/dashpotsimportant(andwhatstructural
responseparametersareaffected)?
Forwhatconditionsisconsiderationofthe
differencesbetweenfoundationandfreefield
groundmotionsimportant?
5
SSIModelingStrategies
SubStructureAnalysis:
FIM
Foundationflexibility
&damping
Responseanalysis
4
SSIModelingStrategies
DirectAnalysis:
Soil,structural,and
interfaceelements
Amenabletofully
nonlinearanalysis
ModelingwithSVGM
ispossible
SomeSimplifications
BathtubModel
Includesfoundation
springs
Nospatialvariabilityof
inputmotions
FixedBaseModels
Fixedatgroundlevel
Fixedatbase
Welllookattherelativeperformanceofthesemodelingapproaches
5
InertialInteraction
SSIsystembehavior
Foundationstiffnessanddamping(shallow)
Additionalissuescoveredinreport:
Pilefoundationstiffnessanddamping[2.3]
Nonlinearbehaviorofshallowfoundations
[2.4]
9
SystemBehavior
Comparefixed and
flexiblebaseoscillator
Deriveexpressionfor
periodlengthening
yy x
k
kh
k
k
T
T
2
1
~
+ + =
k
x
=Foundationhorizontalstiffness
10
6
SystemBehavior
Comparefixed and
flexiblebaseoscillator
Deriveexpressionfor
periodlengthening
yy x
k
kh
k
k
T
T
2
1
~
+ + =
k
yy
=Foundationrockingstiffness
11
Mostcriticalcontrollingparameters:
v
and
BLh
m
L
B
B
h
T V
h
s s
,
4
, , ,
Velocityratio:structuretosoilstiffness
12
7
Mostcriticalcontrollingparameters:
Aspectratio:heightof
structure/widthof
foundation
v
and
BLh
m
L
B
B
h
T V
h
s s
,
4
, , ,
13
PeriodLengtheningTrends
14
InertialSSIsignificantifh/(V
s
T) >0.1orT <10h/V
s
8
( )
i
n
f
T T
| | |
~
1
0
+ =
Flexiblebasesystemdamping
SSISystemDamping
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( )
i
n
f
T T
| | |
~
1
0
+ =
Fixedbasedamping
SSISystemDamping
16
9
( )
i
n
f
T T
| | |
~
1
0
+ =
Foundationdamping
SSISystemDamping
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FoundationDamping
Trends:
18
10
EffectsofPeriodLengthening
&DampingonBaseShear
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FoundationStiffnessand
Damping
Requiredsoilproperties
Modelelements
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11
RequiredSoilProperties
GeotechnicalandV
s
profiles.
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GeotechnicalandV
s
profile.
Soilshearstrength
(undrained belowgwt)
22
12
GeotechnicalandV
s
profile.
Soilshearstrength
SoilPoissonsratio,v
(canbeevaluatedfrom
V
p
/V
s
abovegwt)
23
GeotechnicalandV
s
profile.
Soilshearstrength
SoilPoissonsratio,v
(canbeevaluatedfrom
V
p
/V
s
abovegwt)
Soilhysteretic
damping,D
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Seed&Idriss,1970
Vucetic&Dobry,
1991
13
ModelElements
Staticstiffness,surfacefoundation:
Translation:K
j
=GBfn(v,B/L)
Rotation:K
jj
=GB
3
fn(v,B/L)
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ModelElements
Translation:K
j
=GBfn(v,B/L)
Rotation:K
jj
=GB
3
fn(v,B/L)
Embedmentmodifiers,q
j
orq
jj
:fn(D/B,B/L)
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14
ModelElements
Translation:K
j
=GBfn(v,B/L)
Rotation:K
jj
=GB
3
fn(v,B/L)
j
orq
jj
:fn(D/B,B/L)
Dynamicmodifiers,o
j
or o
jj
:fn(B/L,a
0
=eB/V
s
)
27
ModelElements
Translation:K
j
=GBfn(v,B/L)
Rotation:K
jj
=GB
3
fn(v,B/L)
j
orq
jj
:fn(D/B,B/L)
Dynamicmodifiers,o
j
or o
jj
:fn(B/L,a
0
=eB/V
s
)
Radiationdamping,|
j
:fn(B/L,o
j
,a
0
,K
j
/GB);
|
jj
:fn(B/L,o
jj
,a
0
,K
jj
/GB
3
)
28
15
FiguresfromTileyliogluetal.(2011)
GarnerValleyTestStructure
Keyfeatures:
Frequencydependentstiffnessforrotation(nottranslation)
Moredampingintranslationthanrocking
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16
Outline
SSImodelingstrategies
Inertialinteraction
Kinematicinteraction
recommendations
structuralengineerinteractions
31
KinematicInteraction
Baseslabaveraging
Foundation
embedment
Expressedastransfer
functions
2L
( ) ( )
g
FIM
g
FIM
u
u
L
H
u
u
H
u
e e
u
= =
17
PhysicalBasisforBaseSlabAveraging
Katoetal.,1998
Variabilityexpressedintermsof:
Phasechange
Amplitudechange
Spatialvariabilityisstronglyfrequencydependent
18
Planview
Planview
19
Lowfrequencycomponents
u
FIM
(e)~ u
g
(e)
2003OffMiyagiEqk
FF,swavewindow
Highfrequencycomponents
u
FIM
(e)< u
g
(e)
2003OffMiyagiEqk
FF,pwavewindow
20
PhysicalBasisforEmbedmentEffect
Lowfrequency
Longwavelength
=V
s
/f
u
FIM
~ u
g
u
FIM
~ 0
PhysicalBasisforEmbedmentEffect
Highfrequency
Shortwavelength
=V
s
/f
u
FIM
<u
g
u
FIM
>0
21
Numerousmodelsforwavepassageonly(e.g.,
Mylonakisetal.,2006)
ModelsforBaseSlabAveraging
Numerousmodelsforwavepassageonly
FEanalysiswithincoherentinput(SASSI)
22
Numerousmodelsforwavepassageonly
FEanalysiswithincoherentinput
Semiempiricalmodel
s m V V
s s a
/ 500 200 , 00065 . 0 < < = k
Closedform
equations.Sec3.1
Modelsforrigid
embeddedcylinders
Coherent,vertically
propagatingswaves
ModelsforEmbedment
23
ImplementationinDesignStandards
Implementedasratiosof
responsespectra(RRS)
L u
a
FIM a
f f f H
f S
f S
< ~
), (
) (
) (
L L u
a
FIM a
f f f H
f S
f S
> ~
), (
) (
) (
f
L
affectedbyfrequency
contentofgroundmotion
Implementedasratiosofresponsespectra
(RRS)
FirstappearedinASCE41:Seismic
rehabilitationofexistingbuildings,2006
UpdatedinNIST91721:Soilstructure
interactionforbuildingstructures,2012
ImplementationinDesignStandards
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Exampleoffoundation/freefieldgroundmotionvariations:
RanchoCucamongaLaw&JusticeCenter
1987WhittierEarthquake
Exampleoffoundation/freefieldgroundmotionvariations:
RanchoCucamongaLaw&JusticeCenter
1987WhittierEarthquake
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RanchCucamongasiteresponsespectra:
Outline
SSImodelingstrategies
Inertialinteraction
recommendations
50
26
ObjectivesofPFS
ExampleapplicationsofSSIguidelinesfor
realisticconditions
UsingstructuralmodelsinOpenSees,
investigatewhereSSIsignificant:
WhatconditionsgiverisetoimportantSSI
effects?
WhatEDPsaremostaffected?
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ScopeofPFS
Identifyappropriatebuildingswithrecordings
Develop3DmodelsincludingSSIcomponents
Tunestructuralparameterstomatch
recordings(baselinemodel MB)
StripoutSSIelementstoevaluateeffects.
Considercommonconfigurationsfrom
practice.
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27
IdealCaseStudyBuilding
Regularstructure
SignificantSSIeffects
Instrumentation:
Horiz bldg array
Vert sensorsonfndn
Groundstation
Strongandweak
motionrecordings
Structure#1:ShermanOaks
Attributes:
RCframe
2levelsofembedment
Alluvialsoils,pile
foundations
Good:
Embeddedfoundation
Strongshaking,multiple
events
Regularstructure
Bad:
NoFForrocking
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Structure#2:WalnutCreek
Attributes:
Shearwallcore&RCframe
Noembedment
Shallowsoils,mat
foundation
Good:
Baserocking
Stiffstructure
Bad:
Lackofembedment
NoFFmotionorstrong
motion
GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
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GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
Modelfixedatground
surfaceperforms
poorly
30
GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
Modelfixedatground
surfaceperforms
poorly
GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
Modelfixedatground
surfaceperforms
poorly
Bathtubmodel
performsreasonably
well
31
GeneralFindings
Recordedresponses
wellmatchedbyMB
Modelfixedatground
surfaceperforms
poorly
Bathtubmodel
performsreasonably
well
RHARecommendations
Modelsubterraneanlevels,
fixatbase(Model2)
62
32
RHARecommendations
fixatbase(Model2)
Modelsubterranean,include
foundationsprings,bathtub
supportsforsprings(Model4)
63
RHARecommendations
fixatbase(Model2)
Modelsubterranean,include
foundationsprings,bathtub
supportsforsprings(Model4)
Considerkinematiceffectsfor
belowgroundEDPs
64
33
Outline
Inertialinteraction
RecommendationsforRHA&other
keytakeaways
(CourtesyBretLizundia)
65
IncreaseSEGEDialogue
RequiredraftGEreportswithSEreview
IncludejointmeetingsinGEandSEscopes,
perhapsincludingfoundationcontractor,as
appropriate
CoordinatetimingofGEandSEwork(dont
haveGEreportfinishedbeforeSEhired)
Owners:RequireGESEmeetings
34
SEtoGEChecklist
Projectlocation,buildinglocationonsite
Buildingcode,performanceobjective
Descriptionofbuildingandstructuralsystem
withdrawingswhenpossible
Differentialsettlementtolerance
Approximatefundamentalperiod
Loadstofoundation
IntendeduseofSSI
Requiredgroundmotionformat[S
a
oru
g
(t)]
GERecommendationsshould
include
Typicalreportingofdata(siteplan,boring&
CPTlogs,fieldandlaboratorytestresults)
Seismichazardanalysisresults(spectra,
accelerationhistories)
Foundationstiffness&capacitywithrational
uncertainties
RRS,transferfunctions,ormodified
accelerationhistories
35
SummaryofKeyPoints
Whatfieldandlaboratoryinvestigations
arerequiredtodevelopsoilspringsand
dashpotsforSSIanalysis?
Characterizationofsiteprofile
Shearstrengthparameters(undrained below
watertable)
Seismicvelocities
70
36
springs/dashpotsimportantandwhat
structuralresponseparametersare
affected?
71
affected?
Stiffstructures(shearwalls,bracedframes,etc.)
h/(V
s
T) >0.1
Dualsystems(esp.ifoneisstiff)
72
37
affected?
Structuralperiod
Systemdamping
Verticaldistributionofstorydriftsandshears
Lateraldistributionofelementforces(esp.in
dualsystems)
Subterraneandemands
73
Forwhatconditionsisconsideration
ofthedifferencesbetween
foundationandfreefieldground
motionsimportant?
Buildingswithmultilevelbasements
Largeplanareas
Structureswithshortfundamentalmode
periodsorsignificantcontributionsfrom
highermodes
74
38
Donot:
Useconventionalcoefficientsofsubgrade
reactionfordynamicspringstiffnesses
Uselimitingfoundationpressuresderived
fromsettlementconsiderationsorfactored
bearingcapacitytodeveloplimitingspring
forces
ReserveconsiderationofSSIonlyfor
important(oftentall)buildings
AssumethatignoringSSIisalways
conservative
75

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