DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS

DEBY ALFIANTI (12213097)
1EA22


Direct and indirect speech
Direct and Indirect Speech, we are familiar with another term that is
Reported Speech
A. Direct Speech
Direct Speech is spoken sentences directly from the speaker
B. Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech is a phrase that comes from direct sentences in retold in
the form of another
When we change the direct speech into indirect sentences, there are some
things that are changing them changes the sentence structure, tense,
pronouns (personal pronouns), description of time and place (Adverbs of
time and place).
what is meant Reporting Speech and Reported Speech.?
Reporting Speech is part of the sentence in direct speech is marked by
quotation marks (") and ends by quotation marks (").
Reported Speech is the beginning of a sentence of direct speech
In direct speech the original words of person are narrated (no change is
made) and are enclosed in quotation mark. While in indirect speech some
changes are made in original words of the person because these words
have been uttered in past so the tense will change accordingly and
pronoun may also be changed accordingly. In indirect speech the
statement of the person is not enclosed in quotation marks, the word that
may be used before the statement to show that it is indirect speech.
Indirect speech is also called reported speech because reported speech
refers to the second part of indirect speech in which something has been
told by a person.
Reporting verb: The verb first part of sentence (i.e. he said, she said, he
says, they said, she says,) before the statement of a person in sentence is
called reporting verb.
in this papers the author wanted to share some sub-description of the direct
and indirect speech
1. Changes in Structure of sentence
If we look at the direct speech sentence, there are characteristics that are identical
quotation marks ("). Tada learned is a way that is often used to distinguish which are
direct or indirect.
When the changed climates of direct speech into indirect speech sentences, no
quotation marks are removed or replaced with the word "that" or "to" (for command line).
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01
He said, "I have a present for
you in my bag."
He said that he had a present for me
in his bag.
02
He asked me, "why do you
come late."
He asked me why I came late.
03
He orderd me, "don't bring a
bag."
He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.
For the use of direct speech sentence interrogative sentence "yes-no question" it will be
changed to if / Whether
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 They asked me, "Do you want to
join us to play football?"
They asked me if/whether I want to join
them to play football.
02 He asked me, "Does she want to
mary me?"
He asked me if/whether she wants to
mary her.
For direct speech sentence that uses 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, Where,
How), it will be converted into an affirmative sentence in the following way
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He asked me, "why do you come late?" He asked me why you came late.
02 He asked me, "what does she eat?" He asked me what she ate.
03 He asked me, "when did you come?" He asked me when I came.
04 He asked me, "who are you?" He asked me who I was.


2. Tense changes (tenses)
As explained upfront, perbuahan from direct to indirect also affects the
tense used. Most difficult for students to understand the changes in this
one.
Below is a table of tenses change direct speech into indirect speech.
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 Simple Present Simple Past
02 Present Continuous Past Continuous
03 Present Future Past Future
04 Present Perfect Past Perfect
05 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
06 Simple Past Past Perfect
07 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Or it could be made easier with the following table below,
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 V1 (eat) V2 (ate)
02 V2 (ate) Had + V3 (had eaten)
03 Am/is/are Was/were
04 Do/does Did
05 Do/does not Did not
06 Did not Had not + V3
07 Was/were Had been
08 Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-ing
09 Was/were +V-ing Had been + V-ing
10 Has/have + V3 Had + V3
11 Will/shall/can/may/must Would/should/could/might/had to
12 Could/might/should/would + V1/be Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

3. changes Pronoun
And possessive pronoun changes depending on the subject and the object that is used
in direct speech (direct line) that would affect the change pronouns in indirect speech
(indirect sentences)
The first person pronouns (I and We) on speech reporting (see explanation in the
beginning) change according to the subject that is in reproted speech..
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said, I am busy. He said that he was busy.
02 She said, I am unwell. She said that she was unwell.
03 I said, I will be late. I said that I would be late.
04 They said, We will not permit
this.
They said that they would not permit
that.
05 We said, We need to buy some
clothes.
We said that we needed to buy some
clothes.
The second person pronoun (You) in reporting speech in direct speech changes
according to the object in reported speech..
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said to me, You have to come
with me.
He told me that I had to go with
him.
02 She said to me, You can go. She told me that I could go.
03 She said to him, You can go. She told him that he could go.
The third person pronoun (He, she, it and they) in direct speech did not change when
changed into indirect speech.
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said, She is a good girl. He said that she was a good girl.
02 She said, They have invited us. She said that they had invited
them.
03 They said, He does not have the
necessary qualifications.
They said that he did not have the
necessary qualifications.

4. Specification changes of time and place (Adverbs of time and
place)
Not only that, in a change from direct speech to indirect speech also affects
especially adverbs adverb of time (time information) and adverb of place
(adverb)
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 Now Then
02 To day That day
03 Tomorrow The next day
The day after
The following day
A day later
04 Next ... The ... after
The following ...
05 Last ... The ... before
The Previous ...
06 ... ago ... before
... earlier
07 Yesterday The day before
The previous day
The preceeding day
08 The day before yesterday Two day before
09 Here There
10 This That
11 These Those





Below are examples of direct and indirect speech to increase the understanding of the
above ..

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
(+) He said, I have a present for you in my
bag. here
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag there.
(-)


He said, I do not have a present for you
in my bag


He said that he did not have a present
for me in his bag.
(?)


He asked, Do I have a present for you in
my bag?


He asked me if/whether he had a
present for me in his bag.
(?)


He asked me, Why do I have to have a
present for you in my bag?

He asked me why he had to have a
present for me in his bag.
(!)

He ordered/commanded me, Bring my
bag herenow!

He ordered/commanded me to bring
his bag there then.
(!) He ordered me, Dont bring your bag
here!
He ordered me not to bring my bag
there.







Example:
Direct And Indirect Speech
1. D : He has told you, I am painting
I : He has told you that he is painting
2. D : She says to her friend, I have been reading
I : She says to her friend that he has been reading
3. D : He will say, The girl wasnt ugly
I : He will tell them that the girl wasnt ugly
4. D : Reza said, Im very sleepy
I : Reza said that he was very sleepy
5. D : He has told you, I am writing
I : He has told you that he is writing
6. D : Mother said to her son, study hard
I : Mother advised her son to study hard
7. D : My friend said to me, I dont like football
I : My friend said to me that he didnt like football
8. D : She said, I didnt go to campus
I : She said that she hadnt gone to campus this morning
9. D : Rikza says, I have seen that movies
I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
10. D : Mother asked her, Dont go there alone
I : Mother asked her not to go there alone
11. D : Father asked robi, Dont smoke too much
I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much