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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

English is one of the international languages that is used by many people in
the world and in many areas of everyday life. Therefore, using English is the
easiest way to communicate with people from other countries about many aspects
in human life such as technology, economy, social, and politics.
For Indonesia, English is a foreign language. Learning a foreign language is
an integrated process that the learner should study the four basic skills: listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. We use it to understand our world through
listening and reading and to communicate our feeling, need, and desires through
speaking and writing. By having more knowledge about language skill we have
much better chance of understanding and being understood and getting what we
want and need from these around us.
Writing is one of four basic skills. It is very important in teaching and
learning English. Writing involves some language components (spelling,
grammar, vocabulary, and punctuation). Writing clear sentences requires you to
learn the rules of English grammar and mechanics such as the correct use of verbs
and pronouns, as well as commas and other marks of punctuation.
There are various ways to organize the sentences in a piece of writing.
Based on generic structure and language feature dominantly used, texts are
divided into several types. They are narrative, recount, descriptive, report,
explanation, exposition, procedure, discussion, review, anecdote, spoof, and news
item. These variations are known as Genre of Text.





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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition

Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem
will be discussed from different viewpoints. The purpose of the discussion test is
to consider a problem or issue from many points of view to assist in gaining a
more complete understanding of it, so that decision can be made or a solution
devised. In its written form the discussion text often forms a part of other more
complex genres, such as an investigation or scientific report. It often occurs after
some initial research, in which case it would normally include a reference list. It
may also include explanations and descriptions.

B. Structure

The basic generic structure of the discussion text consists of four parts:
1. Statement of Issue.
Statement of issue term known as opening or explanation of the subject
matter being discussed or discussed. This section is located in the first
paragraph. Usually contains about main idea or main idea of an issue.
2. Supporting Point.
Supporting point that is often referred to as advocates argue is the support
of opinion on issues that have been discussed. Usually found in the second
paragraph.
3. Contrastive Point.
Contrastive point is often referred to as a differentiator or opinions to the
contrary; it could be a rejection of disapproval of the problem being
discussed. Usually found in the third paragraph.
4. Recommendation.
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Recommendation is often referred to as the conclusions of the problems in
terms of the good and bad of the authors and the surrounding environment
this section is very commonly found on the end of a paragraph.

C. Material

The languages of features that are used in the text discussion include:
1. Uses general nouns (common noun). For example, such as: alcohol,
abortion, smoking, cloning, and others.
2. Uses relating verbs (copula). For example, like: is, are, were, was, and
others.
3. Uses thinking verbs (verb to think). For example, such as: think, feel,
hope, believe, and others.
4. Uses additive connective. For example like: in addition, furthermore,
besides, etc.
5. Uses contrastive connective. For example like: in although, even if,
nevertheless, and others.
6. Uses causal connective. For example, such as: Because, Because of, and
others.
7. Uses modalities (capital). For example like: perhaps, must, can, should,
would, and others.
8. Uses adverbial Manner (adverb way). For example like: hopefully,
deliberately, and others.
9. Using the simple present tense.

D. Determination of Discussion Topics in Text.

To search for a topic in the discussion text is neither difficult nor easy.
Because the text discussion many things are described explicitly. As for how to
determine the topic of the discussion text, namely:
1. Instructions contained in the beginning.
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At the time of making the text discussion, the authors definitely put a main
idea in the first paragraph. So, are expressly subject looks directly at the
problem?
2. Instructions contained on the issue.
Obviously the topic is directly exposed to the problems being faced.
3. Answering the question.
To find the answer of the question is concerned, it must read the whole of
the paragraph and look for phrases that correspond to the question.

E. Example of Discussion Text

Topic: HACKING: PRO AND CONTRA?
Do you know what a hacker is? Well, a hacker is a person who enjoys
exploring the details of programmable systems on computers and they like to
stretch the capability of the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in
the computers are called hacking.
So, whats the problem with hacking and its hackers? Well, the problem
is whether hacking and its hackers is legal or illegal? What I mean is that people
in the world have many different views about hacking and the hackers. Some of
them take sides, but many objects.
To get back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points
of a hacker, shall we? Although in most places breaking into computer systems is
considered illegal, I believe that hackers dont do anything illegal because they
only want to know and try the systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding
the strengths and the weaknesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they
can find the weaknesses. So I dont really see the crimes in this case. In addition,
these hackers sometimes help the police catch the white collar criminals, such as
bank robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. For example, in 2000, the
U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who made Virus Love to break
up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.
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Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that
hacking is a crime. The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to
break into banks and other vital institutions where they can get money, destroy
information, and the worst thing is they can get secret information and sell it to
another country. This is a treachery.
Take for example, in 1994; The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of
computer hackers out of Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for
accessing and eliminating 190,000 telephone credit card numbers over computer
bulletin boards in America and Europe. Seeing this fact, I dont blame those who
think negatively about hackers.
To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are
not bad people with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of
money orientation to get the wealth. Thats just the point.
Vocabularies:
1. hack kb. 1 orang yang diupah untuk mengerjakan kerja-kerja
kesusasteraan. 2 I nf.: taksi. -kkt. 1 menetak. memakuk, memarang. 2
melukai seseorang dengan kasar. Sl.: to h. around ngeluyur. hackingcough
batu
2. previously sebelumnya
3. strength kb. 1 kekuatan. s. of materials kekuatan materi. 2 tenaga.s. of mind
tenaga/kekuatan pikiran. 3 daya. tensils s. daya regang. 4 jumlah,
persentase (of alcohol)
4. darekb. tantangan. -kkt. berani. -daring kb. keberanian, kenekatan. ks.
berani. Hes a d. warrior Ia seorang prajurit pemberani.
5. collar kb. 1 kerah. 2 ban leher (anjing dan kuda). -kkt. 1 I nf.: menahan. 2
menangkap. c. stud kancing leher.
6. nevertheless kk. namun, meskipun begitu/demikian.
7. destroy kkt. memusnahkan, merusakkan, menghancurkan. 2 membinasakan,
membunuh (an animal). to d. o.s. membunuh diri.
8. treachery kb. (j. -ries) penghianatan.
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9. eliminatekkt. 1 menghapuskan, melenyapkan (a problem). 2 menyisihkan. 3
membersihkan, mengeluarkan. 4 (kill) menyingkirkan, membunuh.
10. blamekb. kesalahan. -kkt. menyalahkan. -blamed ks. I nf.: jahanam,
terkutuk.



























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CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Discussion text is an argumentative writing, use logical reasoning, and use
language effectively.
In preparing the text discussion whiles the preparation procedure for the
correct structure of the text as follows:
1. Statement of Issue.
2. Supporting Point.
3. Contrastive Point.
4. Recommendation.
The languages of features that are used in the text discussion include:
1. Uses general nouns (common noun).
2. Uses relating verbs (copula).
3. Uses thinking verbs (verb to think).
4. Uses additive connective.
5. Uses contrastive connective.
6. Uses causal connective.
7. Uses modalities (capital).
8. Uses adverbial Manner (adverb way).
9. Using the simple present tense.