Power and Cooling Considerations

for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)

Revision 2
by Neil Whiting
Introduction 2
Applications for PoE 3
PoE impact of physical
infrastructure
3
PoE case study comparison 4
Addressing power demands in
the wiring closet
7
Meeting cooling needs in the
wiring closet
10
Wiring closet cooling methods 11
Conclusion 12
Resources 13
Appendix 14
Click on a section to jump to it
Contents
White Paper 88
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) can cut costs by enabling,
for the first time, the deployment of a single Ethernet
cable for simultaneous access to both power and data.
However, lack of a power and cooling plan to support
the PoE implementation can result in unanticipated
downtime. This paper illustrates which power and
cooling factors to consider when safeguarding a PoE
investment.
Executive summary
>
white papers are now part of the Schneider Electric white paper library
produced by Schneider Electrics Data Center Science Center
[email protected]
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 2



Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) eliminates a significant number of power cords in networking and
data center environments. This translates into cost savings, greater freedom regarding the
location of devices, and higher reliability (less infrastructure and therefore less opportunity for
error). Benefits notwithstanding, anyone deploying PoE equipment should take into account
the ramifications from a power protection and heat generation perspective.

Several equipment component categories make up a PoE network (see Table 1). Each
category should be analyzed to determine power consumption and heat production characte-
ristics. Failure to do so will result in unanticipated downtime and premature deterioration of
equipment. This paper illustrates power and cooling factors to consider when deploying a
PoE network.





PoE dramatically increases the potential power demand in the wiring closet. Therefore, it is
essential that the proper power and cooling physical infrastructure be put in place to accom-
modate the initial deployment and future growth of the PoE network.

Although additional heat will be produced in the wiring closet by the power sourcing equip-
ment (PSE), additional heat produced by the remote power devices (PDs) will be dissipated
outside of the wiring closet due to the fact that the equipment resides in remote locations.
Remote IP phones, wireless access points, RFID readers, network cameras, and network
cables are examples of components where the heat is dissipated outside of the wiring closet.
Figure 1 illustrates typical PoE components both within and outside of the wiring closet.

The PSE is often located in a wiring closet, and supported by an uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) to ensure availability during power supply disruption.










Term Meaning Definition
PSE
Power sourcing equipment
Any device that allows for power to be injected into
a PoE network (i.e. endpoint PSE device, midspan
PSE device).
PD
Powered device
Any device that consumes the power supplied by
the PSE in order to operate (i.e. IP phone,
wireless access point).
UPS
Uninterruptible power supply
Ensures availability of power to the PoE network in
the event of a power supply disruption.
Introduction
Table 1
Definition of terms
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 3














Applications which benefit from PoE include VoIP (voice over internet protocol), RFID (radio
frequency identification), WLANS (wireless local area networks), and security cameras and
access control.

As power is delivered to a PD over the data cable, devices such as WAP (wireless access
points) and cameras can be installed in remote areas without requiring that an electrician
install an AC outlet.

Currently the application benefiting most from PoE enabled networks is VoIP, but many other
applications are evolving and growing. The development of these new applications will
increase demands on the overall PoE system from a power and cooling perspective.



Table 2 demonstrates the typical power demand that individual PDs put on the PSE. Some
of the devices listed in the table are designated Type 2, these can only be supported by
equipment designed to comply with the latest IEEE 802.3at Type 2 standard. This allows for
a maximum draw of 25.5 W per device on a connection using two pairs of wires, or 51 W on a
A Switch with in-line power
B Switch without in-line power
C Hub power injector
D Patch panel
E Patch panel power injector
F Desk top power injector
G PoE enabled device
PSU - power supply unit (AC/DC) UPS - uninterruptible power supply
Figure 1
Typical PoE component
layout
Operator
Environment
Wiring Closet
Environment
Applications for
PoE
PoE impact
on physical
infrastructure
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 4
connection using four pairs of wires. The previous standard IEEE 802.3af, equivalent to the
current IEEE 802.3at Type 1 standard, allowed for a maximum draw of just 12.95 W per
device, on a connection using two pairs of wires only. The introduction of the latest IEEE
802.3at standard, with the higher potential demand, further increases the impact on both
power and cooling within the wiring closet.





PSE equipment generally falls into two categories of equipment: midspan and endpoint. A
midspan PSE is a unit which injects power upstream, after the network switch. An endpoint
PSE injects the power at the switch along with the data traffic.

The examples below illustrate and compare PoE deployments in three different companies:

Company A - The wiring closet supports 50 employees and has two 48 port stackable
switches which are then upgraded using two midspan units to provide PoE.
Company B - The wiring closet supports 100 employees and has one rack-mounted
switch with three 48 port and one 24 port card inserted, which are used to support PoE
from within the switch.
Company C - The wiring closet supports 200 employees, has two rack-mounted
switches, each with three 48 port cards and one 24 port card inserted, which are used
to support PoE from within the switch.

In each scenario a minimum of 7.4 W has been allowed for each PoE port, however, as the
majority of the PD requirements are less than 5 watts, the midspan and endpoint units
Application Powered device
Typical power /
PD
VOIP IP phone 3 5 W
VOIP Video IP phone (Type 2) 10 25 W
RFID RFID readers 10 12 W
RFID RFID readers (Type 2) 15 25 W
Wireless networks Wireless access point, 802.11a/b/g/ 8 12 W
Wireless networks Wireless access point, 802.1n (Type 2) 12 20 W
Wireless networks Wireless mesh access point (Type 2) 25 50 W
Security and access
control
Fixed camera 10 12 W
Security and access
control
Door entry control, card reader 8 12 W
Security and access
control
Pan, tilt & zoom (PTZ) camera (Type 2) 15 25 W
Table 2
Individual powered device
(PD) power demands
PoE case study
comparison
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 5
manage the power to each individual port. This ensures that the PDs requiring higher power
are supported as necessary up to the maximum power available.

Both company B and C could enhance their systems further with external power supplies to
support higher PoE loads.

Although, under the IEEE 802.3at Type 1 standard, the PSE can provide up to 15.4 W (44 V
at 350 mA) per port, the PD can only draw a maximum of 12.95 W (37 V at 350 mA).
Likewise, under the IEEE 802.3at Type 2 standard, the PSE can provide up to 30 W (50 V at
600 mA) per port, however, the PD can only permitted to draw a maximum of 25.5 W (42.5 V
at 600 mA), based on a connection using two pairs of wires. This is because the IEEE
802.3at specification allows for the potential voltage drop and associated dissipation in the
network cable and connections over its length of up to 100 meters (328 feet).

The network cable requirements, under the IEEE 802.3at standard, to carry the associated
levels of power, are Category 3 or better for Type 1 and Category 5 or better for Type 2.

The electrical and thermal loadings in the wiring closet, as highlighted in Tables 3 & 4, reflect
the UPS units operating in three different modes of operation:

Mode 1: The UPS supports the load when the internal battery is fully charged (i.e.
battery is on a float charge). This will be the normal situation for the majority of the
time.
Mode 2: The UPS supports the load and charges its battery. This can typically last for
3 hours following an interruption of the AC supply, but will vary depending of the length
of disruption and the state of the battery at that time. Higher levels of heat will be dissi-
pated in the wiring closet for longer periods when the UPS is recharging or running on
battery. It is essential that the associated cooling is adequate and maintained through
these periods.
Mode 3: The UPS supports the load directly from the battery as a result of disruption to
the AC supply. This also produces higher levels of heat that must be accounted for.





Company A Company B Company C
Number of employees supported 50 100 200
Number of switch ports provided 96 168 336
AC load on UPS (Switch) 90 watts 827 watts 1653 watts
Selected UPS rating VA / watts 750VA / 500 watts 2000VA / 1400 watts 5000VA / 3500 watts
Electrical/ thermal load inside the wiring
closet with UPS supporting the load
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Fully charged UPS battery (AC supply ON) 97 330 961 3283 1778 6071
UPS battery being charged (AC supply ON) 115 394 1021 3485 1797 6137
System on UPS battery (AC supply OFF) N/A 404 N/A 3361 N/A 6137



Table 3
Network system without PoE
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 6




Company A Company B Company C
Number of employees supported 50 100 200
Number of Ethernet ports available with
PoE
96 168 336
PoE devices PoE device quantity PoE device quantity PoE device quantity
IP phone 50 100 200
IP video phone 1 0 4
RFID portal 0 5 5
Wireless access point 3 5 8
Fixed camera 4 4 8
Door entry control 4 2 5
Number of Ethernet ports using PoE 62 116 230
AC load on UPS (switch + PoE) 546 watts 1626 watts 3222 watts
Selected UPS rating VA / watts 1500VA / 1425 watts 5000VA / 3500 watts 8000VA / 5600 watts
Electrical/ thermal load inside the wiring
closet with UPS supporting the load
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Electrical
watts
Heat
BTU / hr
Fully charged UPS battery (AC supply ON) 569 ** 834 1748 ** 4027 3580 ** 8412
UPS battery being charged (AC supply ON) 692 ** 1252 1767 ** 4092 4354 ** 11055
System on UPS battery (AC supply OFF) N/A 919 N/A 4092 N/A 8980

**Power required equates to the heat dissipated both inside and outside
the wiring closet
Heat dissipation outside wiring closet (PD) 110 BTU / hr (325 W) 1943 BTU / hr (569W) 3815 BTU / hr (1117 W)



Table 5 illustrates the increase in demand for power and the associated increase in heat in
the wiring closet when PoE is deployed. The heat increase is proportionately less than the
power increase because the power is provided to devices both within and outside of the
wiring closet (and therefore some of the heat is dissipated outside of the wiring closet). Note
that the power and heat increases are more dramatic on the smaller system (Company A).
This is because the PoE load dominates the overall power requirement.


Table 4
Network system with PoE
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 7


UPS mode Company A Company B Company C
Fully charged UPS
battery (AC supply ON)
AC Power 488% 82% 101%
Heat 152% 23% 39%
UPS battery being
charged (AC supply ON)
AC Power 499% 73% 142%
Heat 218% 17% 80%
System on UPS battery
(AC supply OFF)
Heat 127% 22% 46%



The following sections will examine both the power and cooling requirements for the wiring
closet when deploying a PoE network. Company A, B, and C (from page 5) will be utilized as
examples.



When considering wiring closet power requirements, several key areas need to be consi-
dered.


AC feed requirements into the wiring closet
As can be seen from the Company A, B and C scenarios, the power required in the wiring
closet dramatically increases when PoE is deployed and can easily escalate to 4000 W or
more. Such an increase in demand will necessitate an upgrade of the electrical feed into the
room if the existing feed has insufficient capacity. In North America, Japan, and other 100 V /
120 V areas, it is necessary to upgrade to a 208 V supply.

A change in AC feed capacity will also impact the associated outlet connectors. It will be
essential to ensure that the correct plugs and receptacles are available. These changes will
require the services of a qualified electrician. Planning for this situation will help to avoid
unnecessary disruption and / or potential increases in downtime when executing the deploy-
ment of PoE.


System availability requirements
Deploying PoE increases the dependence on the physical infrastructure support systems (i.e.
power and cooling), especially when supporting VoIP phones and WLAN access points. If
VoIP is deployed and the associated phones are required to support emergency service calls
(i.e. 911 services in North America and 112 services in Europe), then the level of availability
should be equal to or better than the legacy telephone system it is replacing. Local or
national requirements for emergency calls will need to be met.

Figure 2 below provides an availability level of approximately four nines (99.99%) assuming
a runtime of at least one hour. The utility supply feeds a UPS, such as an APC Smart-UPS

,
which then supports both the network switch and the associated PoE midspan power injector
in the event of AC line disruption.
Table 5
Summary of the
increased demand on
the wiring closet from
deploying PoE
Note - See Appendices 1a, 1b & 1c for details of the data and calculations associated with Tables 3, 4, and 5.
Addressing
power demands
in the wiring clo-
set
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 8








Figure 3 provides an availability level of approximately five nines (99.999%) assuming a
runtime of at least one hour. The utility supply feeds a UPS, such as an APC Symmetra RM

which in itself has a number of power modules configured to provide N+1 redundancy, which
then supports the network switch with integrated PoE in the event of AC line disruption.










Figure 4 provides an availability level of approximately six nines (99.9999%) assuming a
runtime of at least one hour, and is the best option for loads that have dual AC feeds (dual
cord load). The utility supply and generator supply are connected into an ATS (automatic
transfer switch). The ATS is capable of selecting the generator supply during a sustained
failure of the utility supply. From the ATS, two separate supplies are fed to individual UPS
units, such as the APC Symmetra RM units, configured to provide N+1 redundancy. The two
UPS units then each feed separate line inputs into the network switch to power individual
power supply units operating in a redundant mode.

















For further details on appropriate architectures to achieve specific levels of availability and for
applications embracing PoE such as VoIP, see White Paper 69, Power and Cooling for VoIP
and IP Telephony Applications. In addition companies like Schneider Electric have dedicated
availability consulting services to evaluate and recommend high availability power infrastruc-
tures for critical networks.





AC Utility Supply
Figure 2
Single path supply
AC Utility Supply
Figure 3
Single path supply & single
N+1 UPS
Figure 4
Dual path supply & dual
N+1 UPS
Power and Cooling for VoIP and
IP Telephony Applications
Related resource
White Paper 69
AC Utility
Automatic
transfer
switch
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 9

System runtime
The typical runtime provided by a UPS in a wiring closet supporting a non-PoE network
switch is twenty minutes. When PoE is deployed, however, not only does the total system
load increase but the required runtime also increases. The required runtime for a PoE-
enabled system will generally be a minimum of one hour but business or local and national
regulations may dictate a longer runtime.

Extended runtimes can be achieved in the following ways:

1. Add batteries to the UPS to support the required runtime. When pursuing this scena-
rio, the increased weight load and additional space requirements must be considered.
To illustrate an example, consider Company C (see page 5). The battery required to
support the PoE load for two hours, from an initial fifteen minutes, would weigh ap-
proximately 200 kg (440 lbs) and would require 19U of rack space. In addition, more
power would be required to float charge and recharge the battery following a power
failure. This will add to the heat generated in the wiring closet.
2. Use a generator to provide power specifically to the wiring closet or as part of the
support for the entire facility. This will reduce the required runtime on the UPS back
to approximately fifteen minutes. This becomes a more attractive solution as the load
and runtime increases (see Figure 5).


























For more detail on determining when a standby generator is needed please see White Paper
52, Four Steps to Determine When a Standby Generator is Needed for Small Data Centers
and Network Rooms.


Power in the network cable
As current flows in the cable a voltage drop occurs along its length due to its resistance and
results in energy being dissipated in the form of heat.

Decision point moves toward
shorter runtime at higher kW, as
generator becomes a cheaper
solution than a large battery bank
Note that generator $/watt
increases as power goes down
because of fixed component of
generator cost
12 kW
6 kW
2 kW
Figure 5
Representative TCO
analysis for three
different UPS loads
Four Steps to Determine
When a Standby Generator
is Needed for Small Data
Centers and Network Rooms
Related resource
White Paper 52
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 10
The IEEE 802.3at standard takes this voltage drop into account, specifying the minimum PD
operating voltage at a lower level than that for the PSE.

IEEE 802.3at Type 1: PD = 37 V to 57 V DC, PSE = 44 V to 57 V DC. (Max. current 0.35 A)
IEEE 802.3at Type 2: PD = 42.5 V to 57 V DC, PSE = 50 V to 57 V DC. (Max. current 0.6 A)

The higher minimum voltages under the IEEE 802.3at Type 2 specification also help to
reduce the potential power losses in the cable resulting from the higher current capability.

In a worst case scenario, when the PSE is at its minimum voltage of 44 V (Type 1) or 50V
(Type 2), up to 7 V & 7.5V can be dropped respectively along the length of the cable before
the voltage seen by the PD is out of its operating range. This allows for the maximum
permissible currents. However, if these voltage levels are being dropped along the cable it
will be dissipating energy in the form of heat. The following shows the maximum dissipation
based on a connection using two pairs of wires in the cable.

In an IEEE 802.3at Type 1 installation, the cable dissipation would be 7V x 0.35 A = 2.45 W.
In an IEEE 802.3at Type 2 installation, the cable dissipation would be 7.5V x 0.6 A = 4.5 W.

The specifications, and the figures above, are based on the worse case resistance of
Category 3 & 5 cables, over a 100 m (328 ft) length, of 20 Ohms and 12.5 Ohms respectively.

Heat from the cable can be an issue, especially where they come away from the network
switch or midspan unit. At this point they are typically tightly bundled together, thereby
increasing the heating effect in that area. When powering a standard VoIP phone, which
requires 3 to 5 W of power, the current flowing has minimal heat effect. However, if the
network has a large number of higher power devices, 12 to 15 W or higher, then the potential
heating effect should be taken into account and the cables broken down into smaller bundles.


Effect of power on data in the network cable
Delivering power over a network cable can introduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) as a
result of noise generated by the PSE. This may cause crosstalk leading to data errors and
ultimately to a reduction in data processing speed due to retransmission of data packets by
upper layer protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol. To minimize any effects
ensure good quality network cables are used, Category 3 and above for 10BASE-T systems
and Category 5 and above for 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T systems.



Heat generated in the wiring closet increases when PoE is deployed. In order to achieve
high availability it is essential to remove heat from the room and to maintain the equipment at
a steady operating temperature. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommends a maximum room temperature of 77F
(25C) and an allowable maximum of 90F (32.2C). Figure 6 plots the wiring closet
temperatures and shows the heat dissipation associated with the solutions installed in
Companies, A, B, and C. The lines labeled X and Y shows the allowable ASHRAE limits.

Figure 6 shows the effectiveness of various cooling scenarios in the wiring closet for
reducing the overall room temperature. For all but the Dedicated Air Conditioning System
scenario it is assumed that the temperature in the main building, in which the wiring closet is
situated, is maintained at a lower temperature in order to absorb heat removed from the
wiring closet.

The different closet cooling approaches are also illustrated in Figure 6 and are explained in
the following section.
Meeting cooling
needs in the
wiring closet
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 11

The following bullets describe the various wiring closet cooling methods:

Conduction cooling is simply the heat leaving the room through the walls and ceilings
and provides an acceptable approach with light loads.
Passive ventilation is the use of ventilation grills, as shown in Figure 7 (left), allowing
heat to leave the room naturally.
Fan assisted ventilation is the use of a fan unit, as shown in Figure 7 (right), which
draws warm air out of the room thus lowering the room temperature. The Fan Assisted
Ventilation Limit lines show the effectiveness of a single fan unit, additional units will
increase the air flow and reduce the room temperature.
Dedicated air conditioning systems offer the most effective means of maintaining a
constant temperature. However, the systems add considerable cost and AC load that
needs to be supported during line interruptions.



0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Dissipated Load in the Wiring Closet (Watts)
T
a
r
g
e
t

T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(

F
)
C
O
N
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
P
A
S
S
I
V
E

V
E
N
T
I
L
A
T
I
O
N
DEDICATED COOLING
25C
77F
90F
32C
F
A
N
-
A
S
S
I
S
T


V
E
N
T
I
L
A
T
I
O
N
Figure 6
Wiring closet temperature
versus dissipated load and
associated cooling
Wiring closet
cooling methods
Figure 7
Examples of passive (left)
and fan-assisted (right)
ventilation systems
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 12
Given the data plotted in Figure 6, the three sample company scenarios (Company A,
Company B and Company C, from page 5) can be described as follows:

Company A - Under all running conditions, conduction cooling would be sufficient to
keep the temperature level below curve Y. The maximum heat of 367 watts (1253
BTU / hr) is generated in the wiring closet when the full load is being supported and the
UPS battery is being charged.
Company B - Under all running conditions, the use of fan assisted ventilation at 480
cubic feet per minute (cfm) would keep the temperature below curve Y. The maximum
heat of 1198 watts (4091 BTU / hr) is generated in the wiring closet when the full load is
being supported and the UPS battery is being charged.
Company C - Under all running conditions, dedicated air conditioning would be re-
quired in order to keep the room temperature below curve Y. The maximum heat of
3237 watts (11054 BTU/hr) is generated in the wiring closet when the full load is being
supported and the UPS battery is being charged.

For further details on cooling for wiring closets, please see White Paper 68, Cooling Strate-
gies for IT Wiring Closets and Small Rooms.



PoE deployment has prompted the development of an array of business critical applications,
such as VoIP, RFID and security. As a result, the level of availability required from the
physical infrastructure (i.e. power, cooling) has to be high to meet business needs. The rising
number of applications also dramatically increases network traffic demands. This, in turn,
requires ever greater network capacity and the associated physical infrastructure to support
it. With such increasing demands, it is essential that the physical infrastructure is audited
and enhanced as necessary to avoid downtime and delays.


























Conclusion
Neil Whiting is a Senior Application Engineer with Schneider Electric based in the UK just
north of London. He has worked in the power solution industry for over 30 years starting with
AC / DC power supply design through to DC power systems for the Telecommunications
industry and more recently AC power solutions for the converging IT and Telecommunications
industry. He has a HND in Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering and joined APC in
April 2000, when APC acquired Advance Power Systems, during which time he has fulfilled
both product management and application engineering roles.
About the author
Cooling Strategies for IT Wiring
Closets and Small Rooms
Related resource
White Paper 68
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 13





The Different Types of UPS Systems
White Paper 1

Cooling Imperatives for Data Centers and
Network Rooms
White Paper 5

Cooling Solutions for Rack Equipment with
Side-to-Side Airflow
White Paper 50

Four Steps to Determine When a Standby Generator
is Needed for Small Data Centers and Network Rooms
White Paper 52

Powering Single-Corded Equipment in
a Dual Path Environment
White Paper 62

Power and Cooling for VoIP & IP Telephony
Applications
White Paper 69

Technical comparison of On-line vs. Line-
interactive UPS designs
White Paper 161





1. American Power Conversion http://www.apc.com
2. IEEE std 802.3af
TM
-2003 & IEEE std 802.3at
TM
-2009 Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Spe-
cifications Amendment: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Power via Media Dependent
Interface (MDI)
3. Cisco Systems http://www.cisco.com













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Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 14
































Appendix
Table A1
Calculations and assumptions for the network systems without
PoE - Reference Table 3
Watts BTU / hr Watts BTU / hr Watts BTU / hr
68 620 1240
90 827 1653
90 827 1653
93% 86% 93%
7 135 124
97 961 1778
330 3283 6071
78% 81% 92%
25 194 144
115 1021 1797
394 3485 6137
76% 84% 92%
28 157 144
118 404 984 3361 1797 6137
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
Total thermal load in the wiring closet (Switch + UPS)
UPS supporting the load and charging the battery (AC Supply On)
UPS supporting the load whilst running on battery (AC supply failure)
System without PoE
Actual number of Ethernet ports
Existing network system without PoE
Switch load on PSU
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
Switch load on UPS with PSU efficiency = 75%
Total AC load the in wiring closet (Switch + UPS)
Total thermal load in the wiring closet (Switch + UPS)
Selected UPS rating (VA / Watts) 750VA / 500 watts 2000VA / 1400 watts 5000VA / 3500 watts
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
Total AC load the in wiring closet (Switch + UPS)
Total thermal load in the wiring closet (Switch + UPS)
Total system load on the UPS
UPS supporting the load with a fully charged battery (AC Supply On)
Company "A" Company "B" Company "C"
100 People supported 200 People supported
96 168 336
50 People supported
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 15
































Table A2
Calculations and assumptions for the network system with PoE -
Reference Table 4
4 50 100 200
11 1 0 4
11 0 5 5
10 3 5 8
11 4 4 8
10 4 2 5
100 People supported
1569
1653
3222
200 People supported
827
1626
Total Device load
(Watts)
899
49
62
546
799
45
456
90
22
56
49 99
56
90
Device
Quantity
Device
Quantity
Device
Quantity
Total Device load
(Watts)
225
Total Device load
(Watts)
116 230
96 168 336
PoE load on UPS with PSU efficiency = 80%
Switch Load on UPS with PSU efficiency = 75%
62
Actual number of Ethernet ports available with PoE
Actual number of PoE ports used
Device load
(Watts)
PoE loads on Switch & midspan PSU. Efficiency = 89%
Wireless device
Fixed camera
Door entry control
449
0
62
49
System with PoE
Company "A" Company "B" Company "C"
50 People supported
12
0
34
IP Phone
Video IP Phone
Total system load on the UPS
RFID Portal
Power and Cooling Considerations for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)


Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center White Paper 88 Rev 2 16























Table A3
Calculations and assumptions for the network system with PoE -
Reference Table 4
% Watts BTU / hr % Watts BTU / hr % Watts BTU / hr
96% 93% 90%
23 122 358
569 1748 3580
244 834 1179 4027 2463 8412
79% 92% 74%
145 141 1132
692 1767 4354
367 1252 1198 4092 3237 11055
92% 92% 86%
48 141 525
269 919 1198 4092 2630 8980
325 1110 569 1943 1117 3815
5000VA / 3500 watts
Total system load on the UPS (watts)
Selected UPS rating (VA / watts)
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
Total thermal load dissipated in the wiring closet (Switch + PoE + UPS)
Total AC load in the wiring closet (Switch + PoE + UPS)
Total thermal load dissipated in the wiring closet (Switch + PoE + UPS)
546 1626 3222
8000VA / 5600 watts
Thermal loading outside the wiring closet
Actual number of PoE ports used
1500VA / 1425 watts
62
System with PoE
Company "A" Company "B"
116 230
UPS supporting the load with a fully charged battery (AC Supply On)
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
UPS supporting the load whilst running on battery (AC supply failure)
Company "C"
50 People supported 100 People supported 200 People supported
Total thermal load dissipated outside the wiring closet (PoE devices)
96 168
Total AC load in the wiring closet (Switch + PoE + UPS)
Total thermal load dissipated in the wiring closet (Switch + PoE + UPS)
UPS dissipation due to inefficiency whilst supporting required load
336
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading
Actual number of Ethernet ports available with PoE
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading
UPS supporting the load and charging the battery (AC Supply On)
Typical UPS efficiency with a 50% loading