Strayer 1e, Chapter 11 Self-Test Quizzes

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Total score: 17 out of 20, 85%

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1. Which of the following was NOT true of the Arabian Peninsula before the birth of Islam?
a. It was occupied by nomadic Bedouins.
b. Some areas had village-based agriculture
c. It was on an important trade route between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean
Sea.
d. It was a strong kingdom that dominated its neighbors.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is d. Although the Arabian Peninsula
had many advantages, including both nomads and settled peoples
and excellent connections to the world of trade, in this period it was
not united into a single state. (see pages 302 through 303)

2. Which of the following is an authentic teaching of Muhammad?
a. Women are spiritually inferior to men.
b. The umma or community of believers is more important than tribal, racial, or ethnic
identities.
c. Allah is the chief god of an extensive pantheon of gods.
d. It is proper and praiseworthy to convert non-Muslims by force.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is b. The umma is the central social
building block of Islam, allowing it to become a world religion rather
than remaining merely the faith of the Arabs. The Quran also
teaches the spiritual equality of women and men, absolute
monotheism, and tolerance toward nonbelievers. (see pages 304
through 306)

3. All EXCEPT which of the following is among the Pillars of Islam?
a. Respect for divinely appointed authority
b. Generous giving to the needy
c. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
d. Regular prayer at specified times

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is a. The Five Pillars of Islam are (1)
the confession of faith, (2) prayer, (3) giving to charity, (4) fasting
during Ramadan, and (5) the hajj to Mecca. The belief that
authorities are specially designated by God is particular to the Shia
sect, and one of the points that have divided Shia and Sunni
traditions over the centuries. (see pages 305 through 306)

4. The Arabic term jihad can mean all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. Armed struggle against the forces of unbelief
b. Spiritual striving toward living a God-conscious life
c. Forcible conversion of conquered peoples
d. Defense of the umma from the threat of infidel aggression

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is c. The term jihad is used in two ways
in the Quran: the greater jihad is spiritual struggle within the
individual believer and lesser jihad is armed struggle. Forcible
conversion has never been a Muslim goal and has occurred only
rarely. (see page 306)

5. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the rapid spread of Islam in seventh-century
Arabia?
a. The new faith was religiously appealing.
b. Muhammad imposed the new religion by force on the peoples he and his followers
conquered.
c. Successful Muslim raiding promised material gain to members.
d. Muhammad crafted a series of marriage alliances with leading tribes.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is b. Historically, Islam has rarely been
imposed by force. All the other reasons given helped make Islam
appealing to the Arabic peoples. (see page 308)

6. Which one of the following civilizations did NOT lose all or part of its territory to the Arab
Empire?
a. Persian
b. Roman/Byzantine
c. Egyptian
d. Chinese

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is d. The new Islamic state rapidly
conquered Egypt, brought down the Persian Sassanid Empire, and
conquered large sections of the Byzantine state, besides reaching as
far east as the Indus River. (see page 308)

7. Which of the following was a reason for the Arabs rapid success in establishing their
empire in the seventh century c.E.?
a. New military technology, most notably use of the crossbow
b. The military weakness of the Persian and Byzantine empires
c. Religious enthusiasm
d. Both b and c

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is d. As the author points out, both the
weakness of their first enemies and a strong religious dimension
were important in the creation of the Arab Empire (see pages 308
through 309)

8. As far as world conquerors go, subject peoples would have approved of the Arab rulers of
the seventh and eighth centuries for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?
a. Rulers restricted Arab armies of occupation to garrison towns, segregated from the
native populations.
b. Rulers were happy to accept local elites into the empire.
c. Rulers gave special tax breaks to subjects who were people of the book.
d. Rulers did not force their new subjects to convert to Islam.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is c. The rulers of the new Arab Empire
were generous to conquered peoples, even allowing them freedom
to practice their own religion (if they were people of the book)
although they charged non-Muslims a special tax. (see page 310)

9. Early Islam offered all EXCEPT which of the following incentives to conversion?
a. Converts did not have to pay a special tax imposed on non-Muslims.
b. Only Muslims were safe from having their land and property confiscated by Muslim
rulers.
c. A string of Muslim successes led people to believe that Islam was the true religion.
d. Conversion opened the door to official positions in government.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is b. Muslims rarely forced people to
convert with any form of force, and subject non-Muslims (dhimmis)
received protection under the law. (see page 310)

10. Why was the Shia branch of Islam formed?
a. Its adherents feared that Muslims in conquered lands were going native and
abandoning Islamic teachings.
b. The imam Ali had a new revelation that expanded the teachings of Islam.
c. Its adherents believed that Husayn, the son of Ali, was the messiah.
d. A leadership crisis occurred, causing division between the Sunnis and the Shiites who
believed that blood relations of Muhammad should rule the Islamic world.

1 out of 1
Correct: The correct answer is d. The Sunni/Shia divide began as a
fight over two rival notions of authority, with Shiites believing that
leadership should remain with the family of the prophet Muhammad.
(see pages 311 through 312)

11. Which of the following was NOT a basis for Islamic law (sharia)?
a. The Quran
b. Human reason
c. The Bible
d. The hadiths

0 out of 1
Incorrect. The correct answer is c. Although Islam acknowledges its
kinship to Judaism and Christianity, the Judeo-Christian Bible has no
special religious authority for Muslims. Sharia is, however, based on
human reason as well as the Quran and hadiths (traditions and
sayings of Muhammad). (see page 313)

12. Which of the following was NOT true of most Sufis?
a. They actively allied with governments to further their religious teachings.
b. They often renounced the material world.
c. They described union with the divine in metaphors of intoxication or embrace of a
lover.
d. They sought a direct, personal contact with God.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is a. Sufism is highly individualistic,
teaching how individuals can reach personal union with God; Sufis
were highly critical of members of the ulama who catered to worldly
and corrupt governments. (see page 313)

13. Which of the following statements about women in early Islam is TRUE?
a. The Quran teaches that women should be veiled when in public.
b. Divorce could only be initiated by the husband.
c. Women had the right to control their own property.
d. Men could have as many wives as they could afford to keep.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is c. Islam eased a number of earlier
Arabic restrictions on women, including giving women the right to
control property and to initiate a divorce. Men were restricted to a
maximum of four wives, and then only if they could treat all of them
equally, while the practice of veiling spread only gradually. (see
pages 315 through 316)

14. Which of the following peoples was NOT a significant transmitter of Islam to other
populations?
a. Arabs
b. Egyptians
c. Turks
d. Persians

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is b. Islam first spread among the
Arabs, whose conquests ensured that the religion reached much of
Afro-Eurasia. Among those conquests was Persia, and the Islamized
Persians also helped diffuse the religion, as did the Turkic-speakers
of Central Asia, who brought Islam to Anatolia and India. (see pages
317 through 318)

15. Which of the following reasons helps to account for the spread of Islam in India?
a. The Muslim conquerors of northern India were respectful to the Hindu faith and its
temples and holy images, making them appear more sympathetic to the Hindu population.
b. Hindus and Turkish Muslims are culturally similar, simplifying relations between the
two groups.
c. Hinduism and Islam both advocate equality among all believers, making a transition
from one to the other faith easy.
d. Low-caste and untouchable Hindus found that Islam gave them more rights than
Hinduism.

0 out of 1
Incorrect. The correct answer is d. The Muslim conquerors of
northern India showed little respect to Hinduism, looting and
destroying many temples. They were also highly different culturally,
not least because only Islam advocates equality among all believers.
The Muslims, however, did appear attractive to members of lower
castes, who found Islam less restrictive. (see page 318)

16. Which of the following statements is the best definition of Sikhism?
a. Sikhism is a religion that grew out of a union of Islam and Judaism in the Middle East.
b. Sikhism is a philosophy that advocates Muslim tolerance of other peoples of the
book.
c. Sikhism blended elements of Hinduism and Islam to create a new religion.
d. Sikhism is Islamic mysticism in India.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is c. Guru Nanak, who founded Sikhism
in the early sixteenth century, blended elements of Islam and
Hinduism, arguing that followers of both religions were children of
God. (see page 319)

17. Which of the following is NOT a reason why Anatolia was much more Islamized than
India was?
a. The Christian institutions of Anatolia were left leaderless and in disarray after the
Turkish invasion.
b. Lower-class Christians found Islam particularly attractive.
c. Many more Muslim Turks settled in Anatolia than in India.
d. Sufis established social services that took the place of Christian organizations.

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is b. It was low-caste Hindus in India,
not low-class Christians in Anatolia, who found Islam an attractive
religious option, since Hinduism rather than Christianity
discriminated specifically against those of low class. (see pages 319
through 320)

18. Of which region is it true that Islam spread especially among merchants, thanks to
inclusion in a major Islamic trading network, rather than by conquest and Islamic rule?
a. West Africa
b. Anatolia
c. India
d. Persia

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is a. Islam reached West Africa in the
period after 1000 at the hands of Muslim merchants from North
Africa, and spread predominantly among the regions urban
mercantile centers. (see page 320)

19. Which of the following was NOT a gift that Islam gave to West Africa in the premodern
period?
a. A common language, Arabic, for administration and trade
b. Religious legitimacy for rulers
c. A sense of participation in a wider world
d. The concept of the city

0 out of 1
Incorrect. The correct answer is d. West Africa was dotted with
trading cities well before the arrival of the first Muslim. Muslims did,
however, provide the West African kings with religious legitimacy,
literacy to create a more intricate state administration, and access
to the wider world of Islamic culture. (see page 321)

20. Which of the following Islamic lands was most open in its attitude toward women,
allowing them to appear in public and mingle freely with men to whom they were not
related?
a. al-Andalus
b. Anatolia
c. West Africa
d. Both b and c

1 out of 1
Correct. The correct answer is d. The fourteenth-century Muslim
traveler Ibn Battuta was astounded to see the liberties given to
women in both Anatolia and West Africa. (see page 322)




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