Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 254 views

    Ladders and Bridges: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Mohan Ryan
    This document describes an experiment on ladder and bridge circuits. Ladder networks have alternating series and parallel connections that load each other, affecting voltages and currents. Bridge networks use four elements in dual series-parallel configurations to measure voltages. The procedure involves constructing circuits, measuring voltages and currents, recording data, and answering questions about the effects of changes to the circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ladders and Bridges: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Mohan Ryan
    254 views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment on ladder and bridge circuits. Ladder networks have alternating series and parallel connections that load each other, affecting voltages and currents. Bridge networks use four elements in dual series-parallel configurations to measure voltages. The procedure involves constructing circuits, measuring voltages and currents, recording data, and answering questions about the effects of changes to the circuits.

    Original Description:

    electric technology

    Original Title

    8_LaddersAndBridges

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document describes an experiment on ladder and bridge circuits. Ladder networks have alternating series and parallel connections that load each other, affecting voltages and currents. Bridge networks use four elements in dual series-parallel configurations to measure voltages. The procedure involves constructing circuits, measuring voltages and currents, recording data, and answering questions about the effects of changes to the circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    254 views4 pages

    Ladders and Bridges: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Mohan Ryan
    This document describes an experiment on ladder and bridge circuits. Ladder networks have alternating series and parallel connections that load each other, affecting voltages and currents. Bridge networks use four elements in dual series-parallel configurations to measure voltages. The procedure involves constructing circuits, measuring voltages and currents, recording data, and answering questions about the effects of changes to the circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    8

    Ladders and Bridges


    Objective
    The objective of this exercise is to continue the exploration of basic series-parallel DC circuits. The basic
    ladder network and bridge are examined. A key element here is the concept of loading that is the
    effect that a sub-circuit may have on a neighboring sub-circuit.
    Theory Overview
    !adder networks are comprised of a series of alternating series and parallel connections. "ach section
    effectively loads the prior section meaning that the voltage and current of the prior section may change
    considerably if the loading section is removed. #ne possible techni$ue for the solution of ladder networks
    is a series of cascading voltage dividers. Current dividers may also be used. %n contrast bridge networks
    typically make use of four elements arranged in dual series and parallel configuration. These are often
    used in measurement systems with the voltage of interest derived from the difference of two series sub-
    circuit voltages. As in the simpler series-parallel networks& '(! 'C! the current divider rule and the
    voltage divider rule may be used in combination to analy)e the sub-circuits.
    Equipment
    *+, Adjustable DC -ower .upply serial number/000000000000000000
    *+, Digital 1ultimeter serial number/000000000000000000
    *+, + k2 000000000000000000
    *+, 3.3 k2 000000000000000000
    *+, 4.4 k2 000000000000000000
    *+, 5.6 k2 000000000000000000
    *+, +7 k2 000000000000000000
    *+, 33 k2 000000000000000000
    !adders and 8ridges
    Schematics
    Figure 8.
    Figure 8.!
    "rocedure
    +. Consider the circuit of 9igure 6.+. :; and :5 form a simple series connection. Together they are in
    parallel with :<. Therefore the voltage across :< must be the same as the sum of the voltages across
    :; and :5. .imilarly the current entering node C from :4 must e$ual the sum of the currents
    flowing through :< and :;. This three resistor combination is in series with :4 in much the same
    manner than :5 is in series with :;. These four resistors are in parallel with :3 and finally these
    five resistors are in series with :+. =ote that to find the voltage at node 8 the voltage divider rule
    may be used however it is important to note that (D: cannot be used in terms of :+ versus :3.
    %nstead :+ reacts against the entire series-parallel combination of :3 through :5. .imilarly :4
    reacts against the combination of :< :; and :5. That is to say :; and :5 load :< and :4 through
    :5 load :3. 8ecause of this process note that (D must be less than (C which must be less than (8
    which must be less than (A. Thus the circuit may be viewed as a se$uence of loaded voltage dividers.
    3. Construct the circuit of 9igure 6.+ using :+ > + k :3 > 3.3 k :4 > 4.4 k :< > 5.6 k :; > +7 k :5
    > 33 k and " > 37 volts. 8ased on the observations of .tep + determine the theoretical voltages at
    nodes A 8 C and D and record them in Table 6.+. 1easure the potentials with a D11 compute the
    deviations and record the results in Table 6.+.
    "xercise 6
    4. 8ased on the theoretical voltages found in Table 6.+ determine the currents through :+ :3 :< and
    :5. :ecord these values in Table 6.3. 1easure the currents with a D11 compute the deviations and
    record the results in Table 6.3.
    <. Consider the circuit of 9igure 6.3. %n this bridge network the voltage of interest is (A8. This may be
    directly computed from (A - (8. Assemble the circuit using :+ > + k :3 > 3.3 k :4 > +7 k :< > 5.6
    k and " > +7 volts. Determine the theoretical values for (A (8 and (A8 and record them in Table 6.4.
    =ote that the voltage divider rule is very effective here as the :+ :3 branch and the :4 :< branch are
    in parallel and therefore both ?see@ the source voltage.
    ;. Ase the D11 to measure the potentials at A and 8 with respect to ground the red lead going to the
    point of interest and the black lead going to ground. To measure the voltage from A to 8 the red lead
    is connected to point A while the black is connected to point 8. :ecord these potentials in Table 6.4.
    Determine the deviations and record these in Table 6.4.
    #ata Tab$es
    %o$tage Theory
    &easured
    #eviation
    %'
    %B
    %(
    %#
    Tab$e 8.
    (urrent Theory
    &easured
    #eviation
    )
    )!
    )*
    )+
    Tab$e 8.!
    %o$tage Theory
    &easured
    #eviation
    %'
    %B
    %'B
    !adders and 8ridges
    Tab$e 8.,
    -uestions
    +. %n 9igure 6.+ if another pair of resistors was added across :5 would (D go up down or stay the
    sameB ChyB
    3. %n 9igure 6.+ if :< was accidentally opened would this change the potentials at 8 C and DB Chy or
    why notB
    4. %f the D11 leads are reversed in .tep ; what happens to the measurements in Table 6.4B
    <. .uppose that :4 and :< are accidentally swapped in 9igure 6.3. Chat is the new (A8B
    "xercise 6

    You might also like