1. EPOC (Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption) measures how much extra oxygen the body needs after exercise. The graph shows EPOC varies with the type and intensity of exercise.
2. During anaerobic respiration when muscles do not get enough oxygen, glucose is converted to lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water. Lactic acid builds up in the muscles and blood.
3. Interval training involves alternating between periods of intensive exercise and light recovery exercise. This causes the body's EPOC to rise and fall as lactic acid is broken down during the recovery periods. Interval training is useful as it raises EPOC more than steady exercise.
1. EPOC (Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption) measures how much extra oxygen the body needs after exercise. The graph shows EPOC varies with the type and intensity of exercise.
2. During anaerobic respiration when muscles do not get enough oxygen, glucose is converted to lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water. Lactic acid builds up in the muscles and blood.
3. Interval training involves alternating between periods of intensive exercise and light recovery exercise. This causes the body's EPOC to rise and fall as lactic acid is broken down during the recovery periods. Interval training is useful as it raises EPOC more than steady exercise.
1. EPOC (Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption) measures how much extra oxygen the body needs after exercise. The graph shows EPOC varies with the type and intensity of exercise.
2. During anaerobic respiration when muscles do not get enough oxygen, glucose is converted to lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water. Lactic acid builds up in the muscles and blood.
3. Interval training involves alternating between periods of intensive exercise and light recovery exercise. This causes the body's EPOC to rise and fall as lactic acid is broken down during the recovery periods. Interval training is useful as it raises EPOC more than steady exercise.
1. EPOC (Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption) measures how much extra oxygen the body needs after exercise. The graph shows EPOC varies with the type and intensity of exercise.
2. During anaerobic respiration when muscles do not get enough oxygen, glucose is converted to lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water. Lactic acid builds up in the muscles and blood.
3. Interval training involves alternating between periods of intensive exercise and light recovery exercise. This causes the body's EPOC to rise and fall as lactic acid is broken down during the recovery periods. Interval training is useful as it raises EPOC more than steady exercise.
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B2.
17a EPOC and exercise
1 Compare and contrast how your breathing might feel after sprinting 200 m, walking briskly for half a mile and when resting. State the evidence you use for your answer. 2 When our muscles do not get oxygen uickly enough to respire aerobically, anaerobic respiration takes place as well. !uring anaerobic respiration, glucose is converted to lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water. "#$C %"xcess #ost&exercise $xygen Consumption' is a measure of how much extra oxygen you need to take in after doing exercise. (ook at the graph showing how "#$C varies with the type and duration of exercise. a )se the graph to say which person %* + !' was doing the highest intensity exercise and say how you can tell. b ,ow long would person - have to exercise for to build up the same "#$C level as. i person * after /0 mins ii person C after 20 mins. c Which person was only using aerobic respiration0 "xplain your answer. d 1nterval training involves short periods of intensive exercise each followed by an interval of light exercise %e.g. walking'. !escribe what happens to the "#$C in an athlete2s body during interval training and suggest why interval training is a useful techniue. 3 *fter a cycling race, 3ark2s breathing rate and heart rate were measured. Time after finish (min) 0 2 4 5 Breaths per minute 45 60 24 20 Heart rate (beats per min) /40 /02 72 82 Why were both his heart rate and breathing rate high for up to 4 minutes after exercise0 )se some or all of these words in your explanation. muscles aerobic lactic acid waste products "#$C carbon dioxide anaerobiccells heart muscle blood oxygen energy 9 #earson "ducation 20//. "dexcel :CS" *dditional Science *ctivity #ack ;his document may have been altered from the original. B2.17b n!esti"atin" EPOC ;his practical will show you how to find the level of exercise at which "#$C %"xcess #ost&exercise $xygen Consumption' starts to occur. Predicti#n 1 What do you expect to happen to the amount of oxygen in one breath after you have been exercising0 $pparatus trough of water large plastic bottle /00 cm 6 measuring cylinder marker pen rubber tubing mouthpieces stopclock Hea%th and safet& Sterilise each mouthpiece in 3ilton sterilising fluid for 60 minutes and rinse thoroughly before use. 1f possible use disinfected tubing for each participant. 'eth#d $ 3ark a volume scale on the plastic bottle by adding /00 cm 6 amounts of water from a measuring cylinder and then using a marker pen to mark each level. B 3easure the volume of air in one normal breath. ;ake a normal breath then exhale normally into the mouthpiece of a tube leading to an inverted bottle containing water. ;he amount of water displaced indicates the volume of air in one normal breath %called the <tidal volume2'. C Sit still and count the number of breaths you take in / minute. ( Calculate the volume of air breathed in, in / minute %volume of air = no. of breaths in > tidal volume'. E Calculate the amount of oxygen breathed in. $n average, oxygen is 2/? of air breathed in. ) Calculate the amount of oxygen breathed out. $n average, oxygen is /5? of air breathed out. * Subtract the value obtained in ) from the value obtained in E to obtain the volume of oxygen used in / minute. H Carry out the exercise allocated to you by your teacher. !ifferent groups will do a range of different intensities of exercise, for example slow to fast stepping for the same period of time, slow to fast running for the same period of time. 1mmediately repeat steps B+ to find the volume of the air in each breath @ust after the exercise and hence the volume of oxygen you have used in the minute immediately following the exercise. %,owever, you may prefer to walk about slowly while counting breaths this time.' +ec#rdin" &#ur resu%ts 2 !raw a suitable table to record your results. 3 Compare your results with those of other groups who did different intensities of exercise. C#nsiderin" &#ur resu%ts,c#nc%usi#ns - What conclusion can you draw about "#$C and different intensities of exercise0 E!a%uati#n . Suggest some ways in which you could improve the uality of data in this experiment. / Suggest some sources of uncertainties that you cannot improve. 9 #earson "ducation 20//. "dexcel :CS" *dditional Science *ctivity #ack ;his document may have been altered from the original. 1 What does the word <anaerobic2 mean0
2 Circle the molecule below that contains the most stored chemical energy. carb#n di#xide "%uc#se %actic acid #x&"en 3 Complete the following paragraph using the words below. Some words may be used more than onceA others may not be used at all. aerobic anaerobic breathing carbon dioxide heart oxygen "#$C lactic acid lungs !uring a period of BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB respiration, lactic acid is produced and enters the bloodstream. (actic acid is only broken down when BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB is available, which is one of the reasons why after a period of intense exercise your BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB rate and BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB rate do not immediately go back to normal resting levels. ;he need for extra BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB to break down lactic acid is sometimes described as the <BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB2. - :ive two similarities and two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 1 2 1 2 . "xplain why a sprinter2s leg muscles use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, whereas those of a @ogger can use aerobic respiration only.
/ *n athlete has a heart rate of 76 beats per minute and a stroke volume of C2 cm 6 . What is her cardiac output0
9 #earson "ducation 20//. "dexcel :CS" *dditional Science *ctivity #ack ;his document may have been altered from the original. B2.17c +espirati#n r#undup Name Class Date B2.17d The anaer#bic thresh#%d ;he results below show oxygen consumption for two students during exercise on a treadmill. -oth students started from rest and the speed of the treadmill was gradually increased. ;he oxygen consumption is measured as the oxygen used by the body %the difference between the oxygen breathed in and the oxygen breathed out', and is measured by breathing into a mask with a gas analysis sensor while exercising. 1 #lot both sets of results on the same axes. Treadmi%% speed (0m,h) 0 2 4 5 7 /0 /2 /4 /5 O2 c#nsumpti#n 1tudent $ (dm 3 ,min) 0.7 /./ /.4 /.7 2.6 2.5 2.D 6./ 6./ O2 c#nsumpti#n 1tudent B (dm 3 ,min) 0.7 0.D /./ /.2 /.C /.5 /.5 /.5 /.5 2 *t the start of exercise, the oxygen consumption starts to rise. "xplain why this happens. 3 *s intense exercise continues, muscles start to respire anaerobically as well as aerobically. "xplain why this happens. - ;he point at which anaerobic respiration contributes more energy than aerobic respiration is called the anaerobic threshold. ;his is shown by a peak in the oxygen consumption. *fter how many minutes do each of students * and - meet this threshold0 . "xplain why oxygen consumption does not increase, even though exercise intensity continues to increase after this point. / ,eart rate and breathing rate rise during the first few minutes of exercise. "xplain why this happens and why both may level off during exercise. 7 ;he table shows a comparison of measurements taken from an astronaut before he went and after he came back from a nine&day mission in the Space Shuttle. -efore going into space *fter nine days in space 1tr#0e !#%ume (cm 3 ) C2 42 Heart rate (beats per min) 76 /00 a )se the data to calculate the cardiac outputs for the astronaut. i before the Shuttle flight ii after the Shuttle flight. b Suggest why heart rate and cardiac output change after nine days in space. Extra cha%%en"e 2 ;he percentage of the oxygen used by the body compared with oxygen breathed in drops during the first 2 minutes of exercise. Why do you think this is0 9 #earson "ducation 20//. "dexcel :CS" *dditional Science *ctivity #ack ;his document may have been altered from the original.