Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering For Mining: Advanced Diploma of
Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering For Mining: Advanced Diploma of
Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering For Mining: Advanced Diploma of
52438WA
Advanced Diploma of
http://www.eit.edu.au/schedule
Remain at the cutting edge of electrical and electronic mining technology Participate from your home or office through live, interactive webinars Learn from world-renowned experts in mining technology Join the next generation of mining engineers WHAT YOU WILL GAIN:
Skills and know-how in the latest electrical and instrumentation technologies used in mining operations all over the world Practical guidance from mining experts in the field 'Hands-on' knowledge from the extensive experience of the lecturers, rather than from only the theoretical information gained from books and college reading Credibility as a mining expert in your firm Networking contacts in the industry Improved career prospects and income An EIT Advanced Diploma of Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering for Mining
**A note regarding recognition of this program in the Australian education system: The EIT is the owner of this program. The program is officially accredited within the Australian Qualifications Framework by the Training Accreditation Council, and is approved by the Australian Skills Quality Authority (ASQA) for delivery by the EIT in all Australian states. The EIT delivers this program to students worldwide.
V0004 RTO provider 51971 ACN 135 762 426
Introduction
Mining equipment has come a long way since the days of mule-drawn carriages for haulage, and canaries or Davy lamps for safety. In terms of high-voltage equipment, large AC and DC motors are still at the order of the day, but with increased sophistication. Load-haul-dump trucks operate in hazardous environments without a driver on board. Sophisticated motor control centers now house variable speed drives and soft-starters, and the motor control equipment is often networked via Ethernet. It is, however, on the low-voltage side where the developments are almost breathtaking. In certain parts of the world all mines in the region are monitored centrally on a SCADA system, with backhauls (fiber and wireless) to all mines in the region, forming a large Wide Area Network. At the mine sites Ethernet networks, both wired and wireless, are at the order of the day both above and below ground level. Leaky Feeder wireless systems are still to be found, but nowadays they support Ethernet and TCP/IP, making them suitable for voice and data. IEE802.11 wireless (a.k.a. Wi-Fi), suitably adapted for the mining environment, is making vast inroads into mining operations. Wi-Fi-based systems are used for both data and voice (VoIP), and with suitable radio frequency ID interfaces they also provide the infrastructure for monitoring personnel and vehicle movement. Some 802.11-based systems can even be configured in mesh topologies, delivering military-grade reliable communications between moving personnel and vehicles in an open mine environment. Industrial field buses such as HART, AS-i, Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus and DeviceNet are widely used in the mining industry. As is the case with most other electronics, they are increasingly moving towards a co-existence with Ethernet, and augmentation with wireless. And, of program, some of them can perform safety functions as well as operate in intrinsically safe environments. SCADA and distributed control is at the order of the day, and data from these systems are used as inputs to expert systems. These systems are used for various purposes such as providing data for optimized mine management, safety, and advanced process control. It is, in many cases, not even necessary for control room staff to understand anything about PID control in order to optimize a given control loop; the advanced process control system will heed their operator inputs and optimize the process on their behalf. Personal safety has not lagged behind. For example, ground radar can detect sub-millimeter ground movements, UWB and Wi-Fi systems are teamed up to avoid collisions between people and vehicles, and integrated headlamps for miners not only have built-in radio communications facilities, but also Ultra-Low Frequency ground-to-surface pagers for emergency location. So, in short, the mining industry is attracting the best of the best cutting-edge commercial and industrial electrical and electronics technologies. The question is are you capable of dealing with it? Welcome to the EIT Advanced Diploma of Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering for Mining.
VALUE plus!
As part of the incredible value we have built into this program, you also receive: Two places on any IDC Technologies public 2-day workshop* or Two places at any IDC Technologies conference (conference component only,
excludes workshop if available)*
plus A library of 30 technical eBooks All of this is valued at over US$5000! You may also be eligible for a tax deduction on your personal income tax contact your tax advisor for more information.
*to be used within 2 years of program enrolment and subject to availability. Your fee for this program must be up to date. The offer is for workshop or conference fee only and does not include travel, accommodation or other costs. The EIT is not responsible for cancellation or postponement of IDC Technologies workshops and conferences. Other conditions may apply at our discretion.
If you want to improve career prospects and be trained by excellent trainers with a thorough knowledge of the industry and train at your own pace then I would recommend this program. Gary Burrowes, BHPBilliton This has been the best study process I have gone through and for advancing the career it is a must. The program content is extremely good and practical as I have baffled my engineers with some of the questions in the assignments making them question the content they actually studied. Henk Barnard
Diplomas, for example, when registered at the time of award under the Australian Qualification Framework (AQF) are typically recognized as broadly comparable to a National Diploma at level 6 on the NZQF.
sOUtH aFRiCa The Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) )
The Engineering Institute of Technology was declared an educational institution under Section 10 of the copyright Act 1968. The notice was published in accordance with section 10A(4) of the act in the Commonwealth of Australia's Business Gazette (number B56): The Engineering Institute of Technology declares that its principal function is the provision of programs of study or training for the following purpose: the continuing education of people engaged in a particular profession or occupation. Dated 8th November 2011. The Engineering Institute of Technology (EIT) is a private Registered Training Organization (RTO) provider number 51971. EIT is registered with and regulated by the Australian Skills Quality Authority (ASQA). ASQA is the national regulator for Australias vocational education and training sector. They regulate programs and training providers to ensure nationally approved quality standards are met. Many of the programs offered by EIT are nationally accredited and recognized qualifications and are listed on training.gov.au (TGA). TGA is the official National Register of information on Training Packages, Qualifications, Programs, Units of Competency and Registered Training Organizations (RTOs). EIT qualifications accredited to date can be viewed on EITs registration page on TGA under the Scope tab. You can find EIT on TGA by searching for our provider number 51971. Programs listed on EITs scope have been approved for delivery in all Australian states and territories. Please note that many additional programs are also in the process of accreditation.
The Advanced Diploma of Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering for Mining (52438WA) is a nationally accredited and recognized qualification under the AQF. The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) is the national policy for regulated qualifications in the Australian education and training system. Members of Engineers Australia (EA) - are entitled to claim CPD hours for private study, short programs,
which aims to promote a high level of education and training of practitioners in the engineering profession, has validated a large number of EIT programs. Members can check details on the ECSA website. South African students who successfully complete an EIT Advanced Diploma and other qualifications have the option to apply for recognition by SAQA, who have determined in the past that an Australian Advanced Diploma program is at Level 6 in the South African National Qualifications Framework (equivalent to Higher Diploma) in South Africas educational system. However, in most cases formal individual recognition by SAQA is not required as the international validity and accreditation of this credential is very sound.
United states
IEEE is the worlds largest professional association advancing innovation and technological excellence. EIT is an IEEE Continuing Education Provider. IEEE Continuing Education Programs are peer-reviewed by content experts. This peer review guarantees both quality of the technical content of learning materials, as well as adherence to IEEEs strict criteria for educational excellence. All programs that pass this strict process are entitled to award IEEE Continuing Education Units (CEUs), recognized as the standard of excellence for continuing education programs in IEEEs fields of interest. The International Society of Automation (ISA) is a leading, global, non-profit organization that sets the standard for automation around the world. ISA develops standards, certifies industry professionals, provides education and training, publishes books and technical articles, and hosts conferences and exhibitions for automation professionals. ISA has reviewed the curricula of the programs offered by EIT as they relate to the instrumentation, control and automation discipline and are enthusiastic about promoting their availability to the automation community.
managed by ECCTIS Ltd (see http://www.ecctis. co.uk/naric/Default.aspx) which administers the service for the UK Government. Graduates of EITs Advanced Diploma programs in the UK can be confident that their international qualification has been officially evaluated as comparable to the BTEC/SQA Higher National Diploma (HND) standard/Foundation Degree Standard. A BTEC Higher National Diploma is at the same level of the National Qualifications Framework as NVQ/ SVQ Level 4. Recognition will be at a higher level for graduate programs. The Institute of Measurement and Control in the United Kingdom is Britain's foremost professional body for the Automation Industry. An EIT Advanced Diploma is recognized by the Institute of Measurement and Control as contributing to the initial professional development required for eventual registration as Chartered or Incorporated Engineers. The Advanced Diploma is also approved by the Institute as providing CPD.
Canada
EIT is a Participating Partner with the Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC) and EIT programs can be utilised by members to register for Continuing Education Units (CEUs). EICs Continuing Education Program is supported by The Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, The Association of Consulting Engineers of Canada, and The Canadian Academy for Engineering. EIC is a member of the International Association for Continuing Education and Training, with headquarters in Washington, DC. OtHeR COUntRies Students who successfully complete an EIT Advanced Diploma and other qualifications may be able to apply for recognition of their qualification within the local (home country) education system. Many countries have a process for recognition of foreign qualifications which is utilised by new residents when they have qualifications earned overseas. Although you will be studying from your home country you will be awarded an Australian qualification from the EIT, so your EIT qualifications may be able to be recognized as a foreign qualification if you apply through your local system. If you would like to find out more, please contact your local education authorities because it is not practical for the EIT to know the systems that apply in all countries. However, in many cases formal individual recognition within the home country may not be required because the international validity and accreditation of this credential is very sound. Members of other engineering organizations may be able to claim credit for professional development and are advised to check with their own organization.
and learning activities at the workplace. CPD hours can be claimed for our programs in most cases, but we would always advise individual members to check with EA regarding specific programs.
NEW ZEALAND The New Zealand Qualifications Authority
United KinGdOM
Nationally recognised qualifications that have been achieved at EIT can be compared by UK NARIC to the UK framework. UK NARIC is the UKs national agency responsible for the recognition of qualifications from overseas and provides services for individuals and organizations to compare international qualifications against UK qualification framework levels. UK NARIC is
Program STRUCTURE
This program is composed of 20 modules, covering 5 main streams: Power Engineering Communications Control Analytics and Management Systems Safety
Presentation Format
The programme features real-world applications and uses a multi-pronged approach involving interactive on-line webinars, simulation software and self-study assignments with a mentor on call. The program consists of 72 topics delivered over a period of 18 months. Presentations and group discussions will be conducted using a live, interactive software system. For each topic you will have an initial reading assignment (which will be delivered to you in electronic format in advance of the online presentations). There will be coursework or problems to be submitted and in some cases there will be practical exercises, using simulation software and remote labs that you can easily do from your home or office. You will have ongoing support from the lecturers via phone, fax and e-mail.
The 20 modules will be completed in the following order: 1. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Drawings 2. Electrical Power Distribution 3. Circuit Breakers and Switchgear 4. Project Management 5. Power Systems Protection 6. Motor Control 7. Data Communications 8. Ethernet 9. Tcp/Ip and Voip 10. Terrestrial Microwave and Satellite Communications 11. Leaky Feeder Systems 12. Wireless LANs 13. Wireless Mesh Networks 14. Field Buses 15. Scada Systems and Opc 16. Process Control Systems 17. Programmable Logic Controllers 18. Distributed Control Systems 19. Analytical and Management Systems 20. Personal Safety Systems And Devices
Live Webinars
During the program you will participate in 72 live interactive sessions with the lecturers and other participants from around the world. Each webinar will last approximately 60 to 90 minutes, and we take student availability into consideration wherever possible before scheduling webinar times. Contact us for details of webinar session scheduling. All you need to participate is an adequate Internet connection, speakers and a microphone. The software package and setup details will be sent to you prior to the program.
For detailed information on the content and breakdown of modules, see pages 13 to 32
Our lecturers are selected and recruited from amongst the top engineers/lecturers in their field - worldwide. These presenters are highly skilled at presenting challenging concepts and ideas to students of varying levels and abilities. As shown in the detailed program prospectus, the programs are aimed at practising professionals giving hard-hitting practical know-how relevant to today's market and is aimed at people working in industry. We design and select Case Studies and practical exercises in the program based upon real-world business requirements Feedback from the tens of thousands of students we have trained over many years has allowed EIT a unique understanding of real world business requirements and we have tailored the program accordingly. We have experience in training over 500,000 engineers and technicians throughout the world and have built up a library of outstanding reference materials which focus on what engineers and technicians need in their work today in industry and mining. The value of these references is considerable and they are a great asset to industry professionals. These reference materials are included in the cost of the program. The program content is challenging and designed for engineers and technicians already working in industry. We assume a general understanding of the demands of the workplace. A student without practical experience would be unsuited to the program.
Why EIT?
Program Fees
Your program fees include weekly webinars with leading engineering and technical experts, 30 technical eBooks, all program materials, software and postage, plus grading and support from the program coordinators and lecturers. We provide payment options and can accept fees in a variety of currencies. Please contact your advisor for fees in an appropriate currency for your location.
Entrance Requirements
This Engineering Institute of Technology advanced diploma is an accelerated, practical, work-oriented program. It is designed for engineers and technicians who have some background in the field. This includes those who have technical or trade qualifications who want to move to the next career step, those with substantial relevant work experience who need to formalise and enhance their achievements, and those with higher level qualifications in a related field who wish to develop specialist knowledge. Practical work experience in related areas of engineering would help enormously. It would not be suitable for a student with no relevant work experience. We will review your enrolment application and may recommend pre-program studies if required.
Believed to be good quality based on previous training programs Ihave done in person. BHP Billiton, South Africa It was referred to me by a colleague and I have attended seminars run by IDC before. The program that I am currently enrolled in also had all the outcomes I was looking for to further my career. Rio Tinto The program content was relevant to my work environment and practical. Alcoa I have done a few IDC programs in the past and found them to be very good and delivered by people with practical knowledge of the subjects. Kalgold It provides good online program delivery including its quality support structures.
OneSteel
Program content seems practical and applicable. I already have a BSc where the focus is on the theory.
BHP Billiton, South Africa
Content tends to practical and targeted. Non-vendor specific training and lower program costs with online training capabilities. Worley Parsons The content of the program and the way the program was broken down were the key factors. GEA Group I can do those programs at my own free time which made it more convenient for me.
Iluka, Australia
Industry recognition and recommendation by colleagues. Rio Tinto Seemed the most convenient option, and it was! CPIT, New Zealand Program content ease of study option.
Nestle, South Africa
Their programs are standard and program material as well as lecture are okay.
Shell, UK
Content was applicable to my job and industry. Taught by industry experts not academics. E-room delivery mode. Accreditation in various nations.
Sanofi Pasteur, Australia
Because it is specialist, and so many available programs. Kacst, Saudi Arabia Covered all my criteria and gave me recognised qualifications on completion.
Netafim
The fact the I could do it online and it was in line with furthering my knowledge for work. CAED, Australia It ticked all the boxes ... quality, suitability, depth, length.
Powerco, New Zealand
Its international recognition with body endorsing certification. Easy to attend lessons after work hours. Easy way of program payment.
Kinyara Sugar Ltd, Uganda
The most practical and technical offerings by the most qualified lecturers for distance learning. Encana Natural Gas On line references, price, and various time frames available to sit in on the class. Also, one more important item was being able to converse with the lecturer and class instead of working totally on my own.
Mitchell Technical Institute
Rockwell RA
I took a previous program, IDC [associated organisation] is professional. Cat Group I have done other programs with IDC {associated organisation] and was happy with the service provided. GHD Had completed programs previously. Good content. Woodside I understood from friends that it is good quality. Rio Tinto Better choice of topic.
7
To be perfectly honest with the small amount of research on various programs I did the programs are generally the most relevant to my area of work. That's not to say they are perfect but they seem to be superior to others readily available in this part of the world.
WEL Networks, New Zealand
Program content. Accreditation of the training institution. Cost. MODEC Offer the correct program, timing and affordable cost. Folec, Brunei Possibly the most recognised online institution within my industry.
DRA, South Africa
RTO provider 51971 ACN 135 762 426
Rockwell RA
What do I need?
An adequate Internet connection, speakers and a microphone. A headset is recommended. The necessary software and program materials are provided by us.
When will the sessions take place? When will I receive a webinar schedule?
The webinar schedule is not put together until after registrations close. The reason for this is that the program is promoted globally and we often have participants from several time zones. When you enrol you will receive a questionnaire which will help us determine your availability. When all questionnaires are returned we create a schedule which will endeavour to meet everyones requirements. Each webinar runs 2 or 3 times during each presentation day and we try our best to ensure that at least one session falls into your requested time frames. This is not always possible, however, due to the range of locations of both presenters and students. If you are unable to attend the webinars scheduled, we do have some options available. Contact the EIT for more details.
Your team of professional presenters and facilitators are drawn from experts in their field. They will work closely with you for the duration of the program. Please note: Lecturers are subject to change. Students will be notified in the event new lecturers join the faculty.
Chairperson, Wireless Industrial, Networking Alliance, Co-Chair, ISA100 WG5, Wireless Coexistence and Interoperability, Congressional Panel on Nanotechnology, USA
Dr. Peter Fuhr has been involved in secure industrial wireless sensing systems for longer than he cares to admit. During his 20 years as a university professor, he embedded sensors into various structures worldwide ranging from buildings, dams, airplanes, hot air balloon, spacecraft, nuclear power plant containment vessels, even humans. Peter has published/presented over 700 technical articles pertaining to wireless, sensors, and secure SCADA systems. His pioneering work in networked sensor systems for structures earned him the Presidential Award for Excellence in Research. Segments of his research activities are featured in the SPIE Milestone Series on Fiber Optics. Dr. Fuhr has served as the President and Chairman of the Wireless Industrial Networking Alliance and is the Distinguished Scientist for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dr. Fuhr chairs numerous standards and technical committees including, ISA100.5/6 Industrial Wireless Coexistence/Interoperability, ISA100.21 Industrial Real Time Location Services, ISA100.19 Wireless for Nuclear Applications; IEEE1451.7, IEEE 1777 (Provisional) Wireless for Electric Utilities; Congressional Panel on Nanotechnology; Subject Matter Expert for the Smart Grid. In addition he Chairs the Association for Advanced Agricultural Technology and has presented before the U.S. Congress on Secure SCADA and Industrial Wireless Automation Systems.
PROGRAMME DESIGNER AND Program LEADER Deon Reynders BSc Eng (Hons)(Elec), MBA
Deon has had over 25 years experience in automation, data communications (with a focus on industrial applications) and Ethernet TCP/IP networks. He has specific experience in Systems Engineering, Project Management and software and hardware development. Currently he is retained as a consultant to industry in the TCP/IP, industrial Ethernet networking, OPC and the industrial data communications areas. Deon is a practical, hands-on person and a highly entertaining speaker. He has received excellent reviews from his thousands of program participants in regions ranging from Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. He takes great pride in demystifying difficult concepts and presents them in a simple-to-understand manner. He is a passionate, enthusiastic and knowledgeable professional engineer. You will walk away from this workshop with a wealth of know-how which you can immediately apply to your work.
In today's hyped up world, one is hesitant to describe anyone as 'outstanding', but John Lawrence has distinguished himself over the last 15 years with excellent program reviews. John has 20 years of experience as a project and departmental manager for a multinational oil company, focusing on designing and managing the infrastructure of the telecommunications, data communications and IT systems. In the past 5 years, John has worked extensively for a number of multi-national clients, managing projects including facilities management, budgeting and financial forecasting. When John is not consulting or lecturing, he enjoys increasing his own skills by reading and writing about state-of-the-art technology topics and how to optimise Return On Investment (ROI) for the overall IT infrastructure. John is a dedicated professional who has trained engineers and technicians throughout the world.
LECTURER G. Vijayaraghavan
G.Vijayaraghavan is an electrical engineer with over 35 years experience in the Steel Industry and Engineering Consultancy. He is the author of several of IDC's technical books including Practical Earthing, Bonding, Shielding and Surge Protection which has been published and sold internationally by Elsevier(UK). He regularly designs training workshops for IDC and lectures on their behalf to engineers and technicians world-wide. He is a very knowledgeable lecturer and his programs are extremely interesting with many ideas, anecdotes and tips drawn from his rich experience.
9 RTO provider 51971 ACN 135 762 426
Geoff has been working in the instrumentation, measurement and control fields for over twenty-five years and has spent the past fifteen years specialising in Hazardous Areas, Intrinsic Safety and Instrumentation Drawings. Geoff began his career at Kent Instruments, as a service engineer working in both the UK and East Africa. His experience ranges from systems design functions, on-site trouble shooting to technical and commercial customer support. Recently Geoff has taken on the responsibility of mentoring engineers in training, in addition to the presentation of engineering workshops in the process control and measurement field. His positive interactive style to teaching has made him popular with program attendees worldwide.
Edwin has over 35 years of practical experience in the planning, design, construction and operation of telecommunications systems, data networks, SCADA and Ethernet systems. He has also been involved as Project Manager on many projects and has a passion for technology topics. Edwin has published numerous papers, and consulted widely on Ethernet, data communications and telecommunications issues in the USA, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand. Over the past eleven years more than 15,000 engineers and technicians have attended his workshops worldwide. Delegates attending his workshop will benefit from his tremendous knowledge and enthusiasm for the topics and his entertaining instructing style. When not working in the communications world he relaxes by reading and writing on technology issues at his beachside home.
Ian has been involved in digital communications since 1994 installing the first multi- vendor Foundation Fieldbus project in 1996. Since then, Ian has served as both a leading Project Engineer/Designer and an external/cold eyes review consultant for a number of companies and in pulp and paper, mining, food processing, water and wastewater, oil sands processing, petrochemical and refining industries. Ian is co-author, with Augusto Pereira, of ISA's popular "Foundation Fieldbus Pocket Guide". Also under Ian's guidance as editor, is the Foundation Fieldbus End User Advisory Council's "Engineering Design Guide, Foundation Fieldbus document AG-181". This is the definitive guide for the complete life cycle for Fieldbus projects. The "Guide" has been translated into German, Japanese, Chinese and Russian, demonstrating how widely it is used as the basis for many corporate and project specifications. Ian is also an active volunteer with ISA, serving as Vice-President of the Standards and Practices 2005/6 and was the person responsible for the formation of the ISA-100 Industrial Wireless committee on which he continues to participate. Ian is also heading up the Fieldbus Foundation's High Speed Ethernet Remote I/O development team. Ian is known as a digital communications evangelist and his passion for the topic has taken him around the world to share his experiences. Ian has accumulated over 20 years experience in oil sands mining where he used standard mining operations of slurry transport, flotation / separation cells and multiphase flow. He is also experienced in truck and shovel operations with associated crushing and solids transport including real time maintenance/ operating data for this mobile equipment via wireless communications Ian has the ability to explain technology in simple terms that can be understood by others without the same level of theory or experience, a rare quality!
Behrouz completed his degrees in Telecommunications and Electrical Engineering in 1985 and 1993 respectively, and then concluded his studies in Electrical Utility Engineering at Curtin University (Perth) in 2004. Behrouz started his career in the oil and gas industry where his role got him involved in the maintenance and repair of electronic and navigational marine equipment (VHF and SSB radios, Sat Nav, engine control panels etc). He then moved to the power industry and was involved in the design, installation, and commissioning of substations mainly for consultancies and utilities. He has also established a good reputation in teaching power system protection over his long term services lecturing at Curtin University, and also over the period he worked as a Protection Engineer in New Zealand. Over the past years, Behrouz has been involved in many major projects across Australia (Port Hedland, Barrow Island, Tamar Valley, Karratha, and Newman for example). His most recent experience is related to cost estimation and risk assessment of major substation projects with a special focus on the secondary systems (Protection, COMMS, SCADA). He has also worked as an Engineering Manager and Senior Project Engineer on major copper mine projects overseas. Behrouz has also gained good knowledge in substation design, HV cables sizing and installation, transmission system design, earthing system design and applications, and power system protection design and applications.
Deepak started his career within the Zinc mining and smelting industry as Project Engineer in Substation and Distribution Greenfield project. He then worked in a Marine and Logistics firm in the Bahamas as Maintenance and Commissioning Engineer. Following this he worked with Japanese and German automobile firms as Maintenance Engineer for Distribution and Utility related systems. He currently works as an Engineer in a regional NSW electricity Distribution utility. Deepak has hands on experience in Distribution, Utility and Substation related systems. He has a particular interest in the consistent interpretation and implementation of Greenfield and Brownfield Standards with an emphasis on safety, reliability, economy and whole of life cost analysis.
11 RTO provider 51971 ACN 135 762 426
Roland brings more than 20 years of experience in engineering and estimating fields, gained mostly in South Africa. He has worked on many projects spanning the minerals industry, including power stations, coal stockyards and manganese. Over the past two years Roland has been extensively involved with major projects across Western Australia ranging from $460 Million to projects of more than a few Billion dollars. Key projects include: Kusile Power Station Coal Stockyard, Kalagadi Manganese, Medupi Power Station, Minproc RIO TINTO Ramp Conveyor
Overview
Drawings are used to communicate and share information between different teams of engineers; the design engineer who conceptualizes equipment or systems, the production engineer who plans the steps in manufacturing the required components and subsystems, the assembly engineer who puts the components together, the testing engineer who tests the complete system, the installation engineer who installs the system or equipment and the maintenance engineer who is responsible for its upkeep. To all these individuals, with diverse backgrounds and expertise, a drawing should convey precise and identical information. This calls for standardized methodologies, conventions and approaches in preparing drawings. This module covers all these aspects with respect to engineering drawings in general and electrical drawings in particular. Various types of electrical drawings and their application, the steps in planning a drawing, selection of drawing size and scale, use of standardized symbols etc. are described in detail with commonly used examples from industry practice.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 1.1 - Introduction Introduction to engineering drawings Components of a drawing Drawing sizes Scales Symbols Topic 1.2 - Types of Diagrams Single line and 3-line diagrams Schematic diagrams Logic diagrams Topic 1.3 - Types of Diagrams cont. Cabling and wiring drawings Layout drawings Topic 1.4 - Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) 2D and 3D CAD applications Symbols, attributes and symbol libraries Automated Bill of Material generation from a CAD drawing Concept of layers and their use in sharing information Automation of drawing through programming Linking imagery with drawings - GIS related applications Management of drawings
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THE PROGRAM
Topic 2.1 - Introduction to Power Distribution Elements of a power distribution network Fundamentals of power distribution Basic design considerations Voltage considerations and improvement of voltage conditions Equipment generally used in power networks today Short circuit current calculations Topic 2.2 - Switchgear and Cables Medium voltage switchgear - Capabilities and ratings - Types of switchgear and applications - Insulation methods - Internal arc proofing - Protection relays Power cables - Insulation types and their applications - Cable losses and voltage drop - Cable ratings and short-circuits - Single-core vs. three-core cables - Mining cables - Installation, splicing and termination Connectors Topic 2.3 - Transformers and Power Quality Transformers - Classification and specifications - Connections and voltage taps - Transformer impedance - Insulation and cooling methods - Accessories and protection Compensation and power factor correction - Causes and effects of low power factor - Methods to improve power factor and benefits - Transients and capacitor switching - Resonance and harmonics - Protection of capacitor banks Topic 2.4 - Earthing/Grounding and Simulation Earthing/grounding - System and equipment earthing/ grounding - Electrical safety earthing/grounding - Static earthing/grounding - Lightning protection - Ground resistance issues Computer simulation software - Load flow studies - Fault level studies - Equipment sizing - Motor starting studies
Overview
Electricity distribution refers to the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution network carries electricity from the main transmission system, and delivers it to consumers. In general such a network includes mediumvoltage (under 50 kV) power lines, electrical substations, pole-mounted transformers, lowvoltage (under 1 kV) distribution wiring and, in some cases, electricity meters. This module will focus on the distribution systems for mines, both above and below ground.
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Overview
Switchgear plays an important role in electricity distribution and its performance significantly affects the overall performance of the system. Failure to efficiently disconnect faults elsewhere in the network or failure in switchgear itself is costly, resulting in additional loss of supply, damage to equipment. and possibly fatal injury to personnel. It is therefore critically important that switchgear is operated and maintained correctly, within an overall asset management regime that is both economic and effective in securing a high level of system reliability. This module focuses on medium voltage switchgear, which comprises by far the bulk of switchgear on most electricity distribution systems. The emphasis is primarily on oil, air blast, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers, but other forms of MV switchgear, for example ring main units and auto-reclosers, will also be discussed.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 3.1 - Switchgear Basics Principles of current interruption HV fuses Auto-reclosers Circuit breaker types Switchgear in association with disconnectors Switchgear standards Topic 3.2 - Switchgear Rating and Specification Switchgear ratings Switchgear ancillaries, measurement CTs, VTs, relays Cable terminations Substation and switch room layouts and design Testing methods Topic 3.3 - Safety and Operation General safety precautions, safety rules and personnel authorization Isolation in a circuit breaker context Safety documentation Safe working in a substation environment Safety interlocks Operation of modern switchgear: specific case studies (Westinghouse, Magrini, Reyrolle Pacific, Sprecher+Schuh SF6, NEBB) Topic 3.4 - Asset Management, Diagnostics and Maintenance Time and condition based asset management Asset management systems Switchgear diagnostics Principles of circuit breaker maintenance Maintaining oil circuit, vacuum and SF6 breakers
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THE PROGRAM
Topic 4.1 - Fundamentals and Time Management Project organizations, life cycle and phases Success criteria and critical success factors Work Breakdown Structures Precedence method of project network analysis Project schedules (PERT/GANTT charts) Resource allocation, analysis and levelling Progress monitoring and reporting Topic 4.2 - Cost and Risk Management Cost estimating Budgeting Financial and change control Cost reporting and variance analysis Value management Risk identification Risk analysis methods Risk assessment, treatment and monitoring Topic 4.3 - Quality and Cost Management Quality systems Project quality assurance Preparation of inspection and test plans Earned Value Management Budgeted vs. actual costs Cost and schedule variances Cost and schedule performance indices Final project costs Topic 4.4 - Project Team Management and Contract Law Situational leadership Organisation and project team cultures Teams: motivating factors Authority and power of the project manager Essential elements of contracts Factors destroying the legal force of contracts Termination of contracts Breach of contracts and liquidated damages
Overview
More and more engineering and technical professionals are making career transitions from product design into project management. This, however, requires formal training and a willingness to learn new skills. All the technical know-how in the world will not deliver a project successfully, i.e. with the required level of quality, within cost constraints and on time, without proper project management skills. Unfortunately very few engineering professionals have any degree of formal project management training, which results in a great deal of personal stress as well as cost blowouts and other woes, too often cited in the media. The lack of training often applies to the 'people skills' required for effectively leading the project team as well. To address this problem, these topics will focus on the critical project related activities such as work breakdown, scheduling, cost control and risk management and show how these can be performed with software to lighten the project manager's workload. The 'soft' (but equally important) aspects such as team leadership and contract law are also covered. All topics will be supplemented with practical exercises focusing primarily on the areas of electrical/electronic (including instrumentation) and mechanical engineering within the mining industry.
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Overview
Power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults, through the isolation of faulted parts, from the rest of the electrical network. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating only the components that are under fault, whilst leaving as much of the network as possible still in operation. Thus, protection schemes must apply a very pragmatic and pessimistic approach to clearing system faults. For this reason, the technology and philosophies utilized in protection schemes can often be old and well-established because they must be very reliable. This module will primarily deal with more established methods of protecting motors, generators, switchgear and transformers.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 5.1 - Protection Systems Part I The need for protection Fault types and their effects Simple calculation of short circuit currents System earthing/grounding Protection system components Topic 5.2 - Protection Systems Part II Instrument transformers Circuit breakers Tripping batteries Relays Applications co-ordinated by time grading Topic 5.3 - Protection Systems Part III Underground mine distribution protection Principles of unit protection Feeder protection Transformer protection Switchgear (busbar) protection Topic 5.4 - Protection Systems Part IV Motor protection Generator protection Overhead line protection Management of protection
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THE PROGRAM
Topic 6.1 - AC Motors Fundamentals of 3-phase AC motors 3-Phase induction motor construction and ratings - Squirrel cage - Wound rotor 3-Phase synchronous motor construction and ratings Mining applications Topic 6.2 - DC Motors Fundamentals of DC motors DC motor construction and ratings - Brushed - Brushless Mining applications Topic 6.3 - Variable Speed Drives (VSDs) Basic concept Mechanical, hydraulic and electrical VSDs Power electronic converters Electrical protection of VSD components VSD control systems Topic 6.4 - Other Control Methods and Drive Components Gearboxes Brakes Motor control - Phase vector drives - Direct torque controllers - SCR (thyristor) drives - PWM (chopper) drives - Ward-Leonard control Motor Control Centers (MCCs)
Overview
It is estimated that electrical drives and other rotating equipment consume about 50% of the total electrical energy consumed in the world today. The cost of maintaining electrical motors can be a significant amount in the budget item of manufacturing and mining industries. This module will give you a thorough understanding of electrical motor protection, control and maintenance and provide you with the tools to maintain and troubleshoot electrical motors. You will gain a fundamental understanding of the protection, control and maintenance of electric motors and drives. Typical applications of electric motors in mining, manufacturing, materials handling and process control will be covered in detail.
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Module 8: ETHERNET
Duration: 4 weeks
Overview
World-wide, and in virtually all industries, Ethernet has become the networking technology of choice. Mining is no exception and here Ethernet is increasingly to be found both above and below ground. It is being integrated with data as well as voice communications, and is even being integrated with Leaky Feeder and other wireless systems. It is even finding its way into Intrinsically Safe environments. This module takes an in-depth view at Ethernet, its method of operation, the various speed options and hardware components (switches, routers etc) and its application in the Mining industry.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 8.1 - Legacy Ethernet Ethernet II vs. IEEE 802.3 Variants (10Base5/2/T) Medium Access Control (CSMA/CD) MAC addresses Frame format Topic 8.2 - Higher-speed Ethernet Fast (100 Mbps) Ethernet variants Gigabit Ethernet variants Ten Gigabit Ethernet Full-duplex and auto-negotiation Topic 8.3 - Networking Components Repeaters/ hubs Bridges/ switches Routers/gateways Terminal servers/ media converters Switch applications - VLANs - QoS - Switched rings Topic 8.4 - Industrial Ethernet Packaging Cabling and connectors Power over Ethernet (PoE) Intrinsically Safe Ethernet (IECEx.ia) Determinism Mining applications
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Overview
The TCP/IP protocol suite was originally designed for what was to become the Internet, but it has since been embraced by Industry, world-wide, because of its open (non-proprietary) nature and its robustness. It is therefore also ubiquitous in the mining industry, both above and below ground and on wired as well as wireless systems. In addition, there has been a rapid convergence between conventional voice telephony systems and networking (such as TCP/IP over Ethernet), with the result that Voice over IP (VoIP) is becoming commonplace in mines.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 9.1 - Internet Layer Protocols IPv4 - Header structure - Addressing concepts - Basic routing principles and NAT - ARP - ICMP IPv6 - Header structure - Addressing concepts Topic 9.2 - Transport Layer Protocols TCP - Header structure - Ports and sockets - Connection setup and teardown UDP Topic 9.3 - Application Layer Protocols and Utilities FTP HTTP BootP DHCP Telnet SSH and SSL Utilities (ping, arp, tracert) Topic 9.4 - Voice over IP (VoIP) Codecs RTP and RTCP H.323 MGCP and SIP QoS issues Mining applications
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Module 10:
Duration: 4 weeks
THE PROGRAM
Topic 10.1 - Wireless Basics Frequency bands and associated propagation methods Spread Spectrum (FHSS, DSSS) UWB Amplitude Modulation (AM, SSB, DSB) Phase modulation (PM, BPSK, QAM) Frequency modulation (FM, FSK) Topic 10.2 - Terrestrial Link Design Path profile and mast height calculation Link budget Availability vs. fade margin Frequency and transmit power issues Antenna and feeder choices Topic 10.3 - Terrestrial Applications Point-to-Point vs. Point-to-Multi-Point considerations Multiplexers Wireless Ethernet modems Wireless Ethernet range extenders Telemetry Wireless backhaul (linear and ring topologies) Mining applications Topic 10.4 - Satellite Systems Satellite basics Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Satellites for telemetry Satellites for tracking Satellites for communications Mining applications
Overview
Terrestrial microwave links, in either Point-to-Point (PtP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PtMP) configurations, employ earth-based transmitters and receivers, and are frequently used to transmit signals in situations where it would be impractical to run cables. The frequencies used are typically in the 800 MHz-5 GHz range, although 60-80 GHz links for backhauls are not uncommon. This limits all communications to line-of-sight, with or without intermediate repeaters. In most cases the unlicensed ISM bands are used, which simplifies installation. However, the EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power) at the antenna is still regulated by the relevant body such as the FCC in the USA and ACMA in Australia. In mining applications, wireless links are often used between sites although satellite services might be required in locations where a terrestrial wireless infrastructure does not exist.
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Module 11:
Duration: 2 weeks
Overview
Leaky Feeder is a communications system used in underground mining and other tunnel environments. It consists of a coaxial cable run along passageways, which emits and receives radio waves. The cable is leaky in that it has gaps its outer conductor along its entire length to allow signal to leak into or out of the cable. Because of this leakage, amplifiers are inserted at regular intervals to boost the signal back to operational levels. In recent years Leaky Feeder systems have been augmented with Ethernet, so that data and even voice (VoIP) can be accommodated.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 11.1 - Leaky Feeder Theory Leaky feeder concept Typical system specifications Topologies Leaky coax System components Topic 11.2 - Leaky Feeder Implementation VHF vs. UHF Intrinsic safety issues Ethernet over leaky feeder Voice and data over leaky feeder Mining applications
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Module 12:
WIRELESS LANs
Duration: 3 weeks
Overview
A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) links devices via a wireless infrastructure (typically one or more Access Points) and often provides a connection to the wider Internet through a router. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area whilst maintaining their connection to the network WLANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation and the increasing popularity of laptop computers. In industrial applications they simplify the deployment of movable client devices (e.g. on fork-lift trucks in warehouses) and eliminate the need for costly wiring. In mining applications WLANs are increasingly being deployed underground, and are used for data as well as voice management and other services such as RFID tagging for vehicle and personnel management.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 12.1 - WLAN Concepts Access Points (APs) Ad-hoc vs. Infrastructure mode Basic and Extended Service Sets (BSSs, ESSs) Wireless bridging Client roaming (MAC-and IP-level) Association and authentication Distribution Systems Topic 12.2 - WLAN Standards/Amendments Brief overview of the IEEE802.11 standards and amendments IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11n Co-existence between b, g and n. Topic 12.3 - Industrial Wireless LANs Industrial Access Points (APs) and Clients (ACs) IEEE802.11h (Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions.) Redundancy Wired vs. wireless backhaul/distribution systems Mining application areas Commercially available WLAN systems for Mining
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Module 13:
Duration: 3 weeks
Overview
A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a communications network made up of wireless nodes organized in a mesh topology, and can be seen as a special type of wireless 'ad hoc' network. WMNs usually consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. The mesh clients may include sensors, flow controllers, laptops, mobile phones and other wireless devices, depending on the application, while the mesh routers forward traffic to and from the gateways which may (optionally) connect to the Internet or to a larger wired network. The coverage area of the wireless nodes working as a single network is sometimes called a mesh cloud. A mesh network is reliable because of redundancy. All nodes communicate with each other directly or through intermediate nodes. When one node can no longer operate, the rest of the nodes will reconfigure around it, and still communicate with each other, directly or indirectly. Wireless mesh networks can be implemented with various wireless technologies including IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4, or proprietary variations of the aforementioned. Recent years have seen more and more mesh systems in mining applications, especially on open mines.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 13.1 - Mesh Basics Single radio mesh Dual radio mesh Multi-radio mesh Bridging mesh with wired or wireless Mesh routing algorithms Gateways IEEE802.11-based mesh Topic 13.2 - Mesh Implementations Proprietary mesh implementations - Motorola - Cisco - Proxim - Strix - SmartMesh - Mini-mesh Commercial and industrial applications Topic 13.3 - Wireless Security Firewalls VPNs Authentication Encryption - AES - SecNet 11
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Module 14:
FIELD BUSES
Duration: 5 weeks
Overview
Profibus is a standard for field bus communication in automation technology and was first promoted (in 1989) by the German Department of Education and Research. Profibus DP uses RS-485 or fiber optics at the Physical Layer, and Profibus PA. DeviceNet is a field bus used in the automation industry to interconnect control devices for data exchange. Typical applications include information exchange, safety devices, and large I/O control networks. The HART protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer protocol) is a digital industrial automation protocol. Its most notable advantage is that it can communicate over legacy 4-20 mA analog instrumentation wiring, sharing the pair of wires used by the older system. It uses Bell 202 signaling over a current loop. Foundation Fieldbus is an all-digital, serial, two-way communications system, similar to Profibus PA, that serves as the base-level network in a plant or factory automation environment. All these systems are used in the Mining industry, and also perform safety functions.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 14.1 - HART & AS-i What is a field bus? Field bus standards HART - The HART concept - Media, physical layer and topologies - Mining applications Actuator Sensor-interface (AS-i) - The AS-i concept - Media, physical layer and topologies - Mining applications Topic 14.2 - DeviceNet Media Supported topologies Physical layer implementation Message structure Medium access control Device power Mining applications Topic 14.3 - Profibus DP/PA Media Supported topologies Physical layer implementation Message structure Medium access control Device power Mining applications Topic 14.4 - Foundation Fieldbus Media Supported topologies Physical layer implementation Message structure Medium access control Device power Mining applications Topic 14.5 -Ethernet, Wireless and Safety on Field Buses Ethernet-based field buses - Ethernet/IP - ProfiNet - Foundation Fieldbus HSE Wireless extensions to field buses - WirelessHART - Wireless Profibus - Wireless DeviceNet Safety systems - DeviceNet Safety - ProfiSafe Mining applications
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Module 15:
Duration: 4 weeks
Overview
SCADA has traditionally been used to create a window into the process of a plant, or to gather data from devices in the field, but now the focus is on integrating this process data into the actual business, and using it in real time. The current emphasis is on using open communication protocols such as IEC 60870, DNP3 and TCP/IP, and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software to keep the costs down. This module covers four major aspects of SCADA, namely (1) the overall SCADA system design, (2) the longdistance WAN links that convey data from the point of acquisition to the central station, (3) the systems and methods of remotely acquiring plant data, and (4) OPC, which is increasingly used in SCADA applications.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 15.1 - SCADA Basics SCADA hardware SCADA software Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) SCADA networking Typical SCADA system topologies Good practice for SCADA networks Topic 15.2 - Wide Area Network (WAN) Technologies Landlines Digital hierarchies, T1 and E1 X.25 Frame Relay ATM SDH/Sonet Topic 15.3 - Data Acquisition Data acquisition devices SDI-12 Linking data acquisition devices to the central station Signal sources Signal conditioning Digital I/O Analog I/O Topic 15.4 - OPC The role of OPC in SCADA systems DCOM infrastructure (dot) NET infrastructure OPC specification structure Legacy specifications: DA and AE Unified Architecture (UA) Typical OPC applications
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Module 16 :
Duration: 4 weeks
Overview
To succeed in process control, a designer must first establish a good understanding of the process to be controlled. Since we do not wish to become too deeply involved in the process itself, we need to find a way of simplifying the representation of the process. This is done by adopting a technique of block diagram modeling of the process. All processes have some basic characteristics in common and, if we can identify these, the job of designing a suitable controller is relatively easy. The trick is to make a reasonably accurate mathematical model of the process and use this model to find out what typical control actions we can use to make the process operate at the desired conditions. The first part of this module deals with the modeling process, resulting in a system block diagram. From this analytical result an accurate selection of the type of measuring transducer as well as the final control element can be made. The rest of the module deals with other aspects of Process Control, namely the controller(s), functions, actions and reactions, function combinations and various modes of operation.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 16.1 - Process Control I Basic definitions and terms used in process control Process modeling Process dynamics and time constants Proportional, integral and derivative control modes Process management and transducers Smart transmitters Topic 16.2 - Process Control II Basic principles of control valves and actuators Fundamentals of control systems - On-off control - Modulating control - Open loop control - Closed control loop Stability and control modes of closed control loops Topic 16.3 - Process Control III Digital control principles - Proportional control - Integral control - Derivative control Real and ideal PID controllers Tuning of PID controllers in both open and closed loop Topic 16.4 -Process Control IIII Process diagrams Concepts and applications of feed-forward control Combined feedback and feed-forward control Long process dead-time in closed loop control and the Smith predictor Basic principles of Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Self-tuning Intelligent Control and statistical process control Advanced Process Control (APC) in the mining industry
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Module 17:
Duration: 4 weeks
Overview
This module provides up-to-date information on the application of PLCs to the automation and process control of plants and factories. It is suitable for people who have little or no previous exposure to PLCs, but expect to become involved in some or all aspects of PLC installation. You will receive practical advice from experts in the field in order to assist you to correctly plan, program and install a PLC with a shorter learning curve and more confidence. While the program is ideal for electricians, technicians and engineers who are new to PLCs, much of the content will be of value to those who already have some basic skills, but need a wider perspective for larger and more challenging tasks ahead. The accompanying material includes contributions from a number of experts and will become a valuable reference document in your work.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 17.1 - Introduction to the PLCs Processors, power supplies and programming devices Memory systems and I/O interaction Digital I/O systems Analog I/ O systems Special function I/O and serial communication interfacing Good installation practices Topic 17.2 - PLC Programming I Data acquisition Analog and digital control Fault tolerance Peripheral equipment Operator interfaces Topic 17.3 - PLC Programming II High Security PLC systems Simulation and testing of systems Best documentation practice HMI (Human Machine Interface) Topic 17.4 - Electrical Design and Construction Functional specification System configuration Installation and commissioning Working examples of PLC programs PLC applications in Mining
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Module 18:
Duration: 2 weeks
Overview
DCS (Distributed Control System) is a broad term for a type of system used in a variety of industries to monitor and control distributed equipment. DCSs are used in manufacturing systems, processes, or any kind of dynamic system in which the controller elements are not centrally located but are distributed throughout the system. Each component sub-system is controlled by one or more controllers. The entire system of controllers is connected by networks for communication and monitoring. DCSs are very similar to SCADA systems except for the fact that the data processing in a SCADA system is usually centralized, and SCADA performs high-level (supervisory) control only. DCSs are widely used in the mining industry.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 18.1 - DCS Basics What is distributed control DCS vs. SCADA DCS system components Data communications for DCS The basic controller The operator interface Topic 18.2 - DCS Operation Basic DCS controller configuration Programming of DCS systems DCS alarm system management DCS reporting DCS configuration Advanced control strategies maintenance DCSs for the mining industry
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Module 19:
Duration: 4 weeks
Overview
The advent of expert systems and technologies such as GPS, WLANs, wireless mesh systems and RFID have enabled rapid strides in the development of systems that enhance safety and optimize mine productivity. Vehicles and individuals can now be tracked with pinpoint accuracy, while dangerous operations such as draglines and loadhaul-dump can now be run without the presence of a human being. Expert systems can extract data from SCADA systems and make long-term mining optimization decisions. This module deals with current technology in this regard.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 19.1 - Mining Robotics Applications Rock breaking Shovel loading automation Dragline automation Load haul dump automation Excavator guidance Blast hole charging Topic 19.2 - Personnel, Vehicle and Asset Tracking Systems UWB-based RFID tracking Wi-Fi-based RFID tracking GPS-based tracking DGPS (differential GPS)-based tracking On-board vehicle management systems Software suites for asset, vehicle and personnel tracking/management Topic 19.3 - Specialised Instruments, Devices & Systems Portable XRF analysers Conveyor belt XRF analysers Mine radar Electronic detonators Remote blasting systems Automatic pH monitoring systems Topic 19.4 - Specialised Software Expert systems Digital (3D) terrain imaging Drilling/blasting software Terrestrial communications modeling Haulage fleet analysis Dragline operations simulation Longwall face configuration and cutting cycle analysis
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Module 20:
Duration: 1 week
Overview
Safety systems in mines have come a long way since the caged canary and the Davy safety lamp. This module gives an overview of current safety systems and devices.
THE PROGRAM
Topic 20.1 - Personal Safety Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) pagers Integrated headlamps Proximity detection (collision avoidance) systems Gas detectors Slope stability monitoring systems Ventilation monitoring systems
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