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Physics 960 Constants value

speed of light in vacuum permeability of vacuum permittivity of vacuum magnitude of electron charge Planck constant atomic mass unit constant electron rest mass proton rest mass molar gas constant Avogadro constant Boltzmann constant gravitational constant free fall acceleration

c o

= = = = = = = = = = = = = =

3.00 x 108 m s-1 4 x 10-7 H m-1 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1 [1/(36 )] x 10-9 F m-1 1.60 x 10-19 C 6.63 x 10-34 J s 1.66 x 10-27 kg 9.11 x 10-31 kg 1.67 x 10-27 kg 8.31 J K-1 mol-1 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2 9.81 m s-2

o
e h u me mp R L, NA k G g

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Section A [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section

What happens when a body undergoing simple harmonic motion experiences critical damping ? A B C D The system returns to equilibrium position in the longest time possible The system returns to equilibrium position in the shortest time posible The oscillation amplitude decreases exponentially with time The system oscillates to one end (positive amplitude) of the oscillation and stays there

If the amplitude of a simple harmonic motion changes, which of the following quantity does not change ? A Velocity B Acceleration C Period D Kinetic energy

A progressive wave is represent by the equation y = 0.4 cos 2 (0.5t 0.1x) with x and y in metres, and t in seconds. What is the speed of the wave ? A 0.2 ms-1 B 0.5 ms-1 C 2.0 ms-1 D 5.0 ms-1

If the output power of a sound source emitting spherical waves is 100 W, the intensity of the wave at the distance of 5.0 m from the source, in W m-2, is A 0.32 B 1.6 C 4.0 D 20

An open-ended pipe has a fundamental resonant frequency of 7.5 kHz. If the speed of air is 340 ms-1, find the effective length of the pipe. A 2.0 cm B 2.3 cm C 3.0 cm D 5.0 cm

A car sound s its horn and moves towards a large building. The sound of the horn that is reflected from the building undergoes superposition with the emitted sound. What is the beat frequency heard by the drive of the car ? [ speed of the car = 10 ms-1, speed of sound = 330 ms-1, original frequency of the horn = 220 Hz] A 6.06 Hz B 6.26 Hz C 11.8 Hz D 12.5 Hz

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A ray of light in a medium is incident towards the boundary of the first and second medium. Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence exceeds a certain value. Which of the following statements is true concerning the incident ray ? A B C D The light is monochromatic The light must be of sufficient intensity The velocity of light in the first medium is less than the velocity of light in the second medium The lights frequency in the first medium is higher than the lights frequency in the second medium

A concave lens of local length 10 cm is placed next to another concave lens of focal length 20 cm. If a point object is placed at the primary focus of the first lens, where would be the emerging ray emergy from if the distance between the two lenses is 25 cm ? A B C D 5 cm from the first lens 5 cm from the second lens 10 cm from the first lens 10 cm from the second lens

In a Youngs two-slit experiment, the two slits are illuminated with white light. Which of the following observations is most probable ? A B C D No fringes can be observed The central fringe is black with black and white fringe on either side The central fringe is white with coloured fringes on either side The central fringe is black with coloured fringes on either side

10 A diffraction grating is ruled with 750 lines per milimetre when monochromatic light falls normally on the grating. The second-order diffracted beams each making an angle of 180 with the normal to the grating are observed on the far side of the grating. Find the frequency of the light A B C D 1.9 3.6 1.5 4.8 x 1014 Hz x 1014 Hz x 1015 Hz x 1015 Hz

11 An experiment is performed to show the photoelectric effect. The frequency of the light used is kept constant while the intensity is increased. Which quantity will increase? A B C D The momentum of the photoelectrons The emission rate of the photoelectrons The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons The minimum de Broglie wavelength of the photoelectrons

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12 An electron in a hydrogen atom undergoes transition from an energy level with energy E1 to energy level with energy E2 and immediately a photon is emitted. The wavelength of the emitted photon is given by A

h E1 E 2

hc E1 E 2

h/c E1 E 2

E1 E 2 h

13 When the potential difference of an X-ray tube increases, the intensity of the K characteristic line increases because A B C D more electrons cause the transition which produces the K characteristic line the frequency corresponding to the K characteristic line has increased the number of electrons escapes from the filament has increased anode temperature in the X-ray tube has increased

14 If m is the mass defect of a nucleus and E is the corresponding binding energy, which of the following statements is correct concerning m and E? A B C D E is the kinetic energy of m. E is the energy equivalent of m. E is the binding energy of m in the nucleus. E is the fission energy of m from the nucleus.

15 The table below shows the count rate of a radioactive source at different times at a location.

Time/hours 10 20 30

Count rate (count per second) With source Without source 60 20 30 20 20 20

Determine the half-life of the source based on the data given in the table. A 5 hours B 10 hours C 12 hours D 18 hours

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Section B [40 marks] Answer all questions in this section

16

(a) A stationary wave can be set up in an open pipe opened at both ends such as a flute. Besides the fundamental mode of vibration, there are several overtones that can also be obtained. What is meant by overtone?

[2]

(b) A resonance tube which is closed at one end is used to measure the speed of sound. If the frequency used is 250 Hz and the first resonance and second resonance occurred at lengths of 0.30 m and 0.96 m of the tube respectively. Find (i) the speed of the sound. [4]

(ii) the end correction of the tube.

[2]

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17 (a) The refractive index of glass for the red light is 1.510 and for the blue light is 1.521. The light from the hydrogen lamp is incident on a glass-air boundary at an angle shows in the diagram below.

600

glass air

Calculate (i) the angle of refraction for the red light.

[2]

(ii) the angle of refraction for the blue light

[2]

(iii) the angle between the red and the blue refracted rays.

[1] (b) The light from the hydrogen lamp is now directed normally onto a diffraction grating. The grating has 4.0 10 5 lines per metre. Calculate the angle between the red light and the blue light in the first order spectrum.

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Section C [30 marks] Answer any two questions in this section

18 (a) What is the definition of Simple Harmonic Motion ? (b) What are the conditions have to be kept for (i) Spring mass system executes SHM (ii) Simple Pendulum executes SHM

[2]

[2] [2]

(c) A pendulum bob is suspended by light string of length 100 cm. It is pulled aside so that the string sweeps through an angle of 100 with the vertical. After that it is released from rest. Determine (i) the period of oscillation [2] (ii) the speed of the bob when it reaches the lowest point of its path of motion. [3] (d) An object of mass 500 g is connected to one end of a light spring. This spring mass system oscillates with negligible damping at frequency 1.5 Hz. The energy of the system is 0.50 J. Determine (i) the force constant of spring, k [2] (ii) the amplitude of the oscillation [2]

19 (a) (i) What is meant by photon? [1] (ii) In the early 20th century, Max Planck and Albert Einstein put forward the quantum theory of light, which could be used to explain the occurrence of the photoelectric effect successfully. State the quantum theory. [4] (b) The work function of caesium of area 25 cm2 is 2.5 eV. The surface is radiated by violet light of wavelength 4.13 x 10-7 m and of intensity 5.0 W m-2. (i) What is the maximum kinetic energy of an electron emitted from the surface of the caesium by the light radiation? [3] (ii) What is the de Broglie wavelength for the electron in b (i)? [3] (iii) If 60% of the photons from the radiation can free electrons, what is the number of electrons per second extracted from the surface of caesium? [4]

20 (a) Explain what will happen when a radioactive atom emits (i) an - particle, (ii) a -particle, (iii) - radiation, (b) (i) Explain what is meant by radioactive decay and activity of a radioactive sources.

[2] [2] [2]

[2] (ii) State the relationship between the activity of a radioactive source with the number of radioactive nuclei in the source. Hence, define the decay constant. [2] (iii) Define the half-life of a radioactive sample and show how half-life is associated with the decay constant. [5]

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