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RC DESIGN

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RC DESIGN

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ACI 371R-08

Guide for the Analysis, Design, and Construction of Elevated Concrete and Composite Steel-Concrete Water Storage Tanks
Reported by ACI Committee 371

Atis A. Liepins Chair Kevin A. Binder Noel J. Everard


*Major

Jeffrey S. Ward* Secretary Stephen Meier Rolf P. Pawski* Wes Pogorzelski

Anthony J. Galterio Charles S. Hanskat

contributors to the preparation of this report.

This guide presents recommendations for materials, analysis, design, and construction of concrete-pedestal elevated water storage tanks. Both the all-concrete tank and the composite tank, consisting of a steel water storage vessel supported on a cylindrical reinforced concrete pedestal, are included. Concrete-pedestal elevated water storage tanks are structures that present special problems not encountered in typical environmental engineering concrete structures. This guide refers extensively to ACI 350 for design and construction of those components of the pedestal tank in contact with the stored water, and to ACI 318 for design and construction of components not in contact with the stored water. Determination of snow, wind, and seismic loads based on ASCE/SEI 7 is included. These loads will conform to the requirements of national building codes that use ASCE/SEI 7 as the basis for environmental loads or conform to the requirements of local building codes. Special requirements, based on successful experience, for the unique aspects of loads, analysis, design, and construction of concretepedestal tanks are presented. Keywords: analysis; composite tanks; concrete-pedestal tanks; construction; design; earthquake-resistant structures; elevated water tanks; formwork (construction); load, dead; load, earthquake; load, live; load, snow; load, water; load, wind; load combinations; loads (forces); shear; shear strength; structural analysis; structural design; walls.

CONTENTS Chapter 1General, p. 371R-2 1.1Introduction 1.2Scope 1.3Drawings, specifications, and calculations Chapter 2Notation and definitions, p. 371R-3 2.1Notation 2.2Definitions Chapter 3Materials, p. 371R-5 3.1Materials common to both composite and concrete tank types 3.2Materials specific to composite tanks 3.3Materials specific to concrete tanks Chapter 4Construction, p. 371R-5 4.1Construction common to both composite and concrete tank types 4.2Construction specific to composite tanks 4.3Construction specific to concrete tanks Chapter 5Design, p. 371R-11 5.1Design recommendations common to both composite and concrete tank types 5.2Design of components common to both composite and concrete tank types
ACI 371R-08 supersedes ACI 371R-98 (Reapproved 2003) and was adopted and published August 2008. Copyright 2008, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Manuals, Standard Practices, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.

371R-1

371R-2

ACI COMMITTEE REPORT

5.3Design of components specific to composite tanks 5.4 Design of components specific to all-concrete tanks Chapter 6Geotechnical recommendations, p. 371R-23 6.1General 6.2Foundation depth 6.3Settlement limits 6.4Shallow foundations 6.5Deep foundations 6.6Seismic recommendations 6.7Special considerations Chapter 7Appurtenances and accessories, p. 371R-25 7.1General 7.2Pedestal access 7.3Ventilation 7.4Tank access 7.5Rigging devices for steel vessel 7.6Above-ground piping 7.7Below-ground piping 7.8Interior floors within pedestal 7.9Electrical and lighting Chapter 8References, p. 371R-31 8.1Referenced standards and reports 8.2Cited references Appendix ASupplementary information, p. 371R-32 CHAPTER 1GENERAL 1.1Introduction This document provides guidance for specifying, designing, and constructing elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks. Elevated tanks are used by municipalities and industry for potable water supply and fire protection. Commonly built sizes of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks range from 500,000 to 3,000,000 gal. (1900 to 11,000 m3). Concrete pedestal heights range from 25 to 200 ft (8 to 60 m), depending on water system requirements and site elevation. The interior of the concrete pedestal may be used for material and equipment storage, office space, and other applications. 1.2Scope This document covers the design and construction of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks. Topics include materials, construction requirements, determination of structural loads, design of concrete elements including foundations, design of concrete or steel tank components, geotechnical requirements, appurtenances, and accessories. Materials, design, fabrication, and construction of the steel vessel of composite steel-concrete tanks are addressed by applicable sections of AWWA D100. Designs, details, and methods of construction are presented for the types of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks shown in Fig. 1.1 and 1.2.

Fig. 1.1Common configuration of elevated concrete tanks.

Fig. 1.2Common configuration of elevated composite steel-concrete tanks. This document may be used in whole or in part for other tank configurations; however, the designer should determine the suitability of such use for other configurations and details.

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