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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND OF PROBLEM Language is a social activity. As well as the activities of other social recently speaking activities achieved if people are involved in it. In the talk the speaker and hearer are equally aware that there are rules that govern its actions the use of language and interpretations of the actions and sayings of the opponent he said. Each participant is responsible for the speech act and the act of deviation from the rules of language in the lingual interaction. Speech act is a pragmatic element involving the speaker, the listener or the reader and the writer in question. In its application, speech acts used by multiple disciplines. A literary critics consider the speech act theory to e plain the subtle te t !hard" or to understand the nature of genres !types" of literature , anthropologists will be concerned with the theory of speech acts can be considered magical spells and rituals the philosophers see also the presence of potential applications among various case for e ample, the status of an ethical statement, while linguists saw the idea of speech act theory as a theory that can be applied to various problems in the sentences !synta ", semantics, second language learners, and others. In linguistics, pragmatics of speech acts remains a presumption with special implicatures. !Setiawan, #$$%& '(". )iewed from the angle of the speaker, then the language of personal or private functions !emotive function". *hat is the speaker e pressed attitude towards what is uttered. *he speaker not only e presses emotions through language but shows that when conveying emotion the
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utterance. In this case the listener can also tell whether the speaker was sad, angry or happy !+haer, #$$,& '%". In the terms of the listener or the speaker, the language of the directive function, which regulate the behavior of the listener- *his case is the language not only makes the listener to do something, but do activities as desired by the speaker. *his can be done by the speakers by using sentences stating orders, appeals, requests, or seduction !+haer, #$$,& '%.'(". If the linked between the speaker and the listener will form a speech act and speech event.*he said event is basically a series of speech acts organi/ed to achieve a goal. *he purpose is the content of the conversation. Likewise the dialog *om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$# is a video with the ,$&,' duration that reasoed many preasumtion. *he )ideo that Published on Nov !" #$ is an absolutely phenomenal interview of *om +ruise with 0prah 1infrey from #$$#. 2ust after his pending divorce from 3icole 4idman was announced 5)anilla Sky6 was premiering in theatres, and his paramour was 7enelope +ru/. *here are his views of life, love, family, romance, the making of his films, etc, etc. 8e talks about his film, 6)anilla Sky6, the 6stunts and 6cliff6 scene in 9I, 7enelope and +ameron :ia/ give thoughts on working with him. 8is personal recipe for 6Spaghetti +arbonara6 and even 0prah without make up and in fu//y slippers; A thrilled fan meets him and finally, questions from the audience. 0prah does her usual magnificent <ob of interview .. and *om .. well, he=s gorgeous, se y, fun, sensitive and those of us who love him .. this is a lovely treat. And you remember e actly what it is about him that gets you every time when he walks out and smiles. And of course, there are those that have their 6issues6 with *om +ruise.

*hen 0prah>s questions to *om= indicates an interrogation and an emphasis on *om +ruise>s secrets. In English there are more specific label that required to conversation such as apology, compliment, complaint, invitation, promise, request ect. And also the *om>s answers that performed as pragmatically that could be decribed as an analysis. *hese descriptions for different kinds of speech act apply to the speaker>s communicative intention in producing an utterance. *he speech act of 0prah and *om cruise illustrated the researchers to do an analysis of speech in the dialogue !%onve&s'(ion'l 'n'l)sis". 1hile the basic interview scened by using American language as syntatically is hard to be understood. *hose are becoming the reasons of why the research take placed. ?nderstanding the speech, implicature of conversation, and situational conte that happened in the 5Oprah winfrey show. :iscussing ofconte , the researcher already knows that studying 7ragmatic means to identify =conte = that makes an utterance makes sense. Learning pragmatic is to identify the conte which is making an uterrance to be logic. In some case 5conte @ related to the discussion among de is, spech act, and implicature. *he e ample& A. & from the inside out we spent a lot of time I <ust working and we camera I did 2erry 9aguire together of course and their respective have once A & you complete me A & yeah you here :e is conte t & *he converssation above e plain thatB we do not know the meaning of 5I and Cou@ reffer to whom, if we do not attended in that conversation.Andlso we dont know when it happened wherease it

in the morning or afternoon.1e also can not identify e actly which time is intended d by 5A and A>. Implicature conte t& the reli/e of DI is*om +ruise and A is 0prah 1infrey and now both of them are talking each other. 0prah as the Interviewer asking *om +ruise as a guest star of the 0prah 1infrey show. In that situation *om have done created the new film entitled 5)anilla Sky@, and this is what they are talking about.*om tells his daily activity that he has a friend named 2erry who completes his deficiency in a work in the story. 9eanwhile 0prah makes a kidding to *om to make a nature alive. According to the case above that the conte helped us to understand auterrance. 1hile the de is helped us to resolve some porblems about referrence. In the spech act conte will recogni/e us to identify the intention of speaker. And also the Implicature is to identify the message that will be delliverede plicily or implicitly by speaker. In the analysis of discourse with respect to pragmatic analysis, the researchers relate to what is done by the users of language and linguistic characteristics e plained in it. Aased on the description it is a pragmatic, namely language study analy/ing the conte t considerations. 7ragmatic study is an interesting study. It is proven by many studies on pragmatic especially in the study of speech acts. As for some of the relevant literature for this study includes several underlying results of the research on speech acts, among the others& In a study which isconducted by 3ur Aini !#$$(" withthe title ofthe thesis 5Variasi Tindak Tutur Dalam Kursus Panatacara Permadani Semarang Aased on the analysis of speech acts variation research on speech courses could be concluded panatacara Eug Semarang.

'. *ypes of speech acts contained in Semarang Eug panatacara

course cover three types. Aased on the mode of speech, speech acts panatacara in cludes representative speech act, directive, e pressive, commissive, and declarations. Aased on the power of speech, speech locutions panatacara includes speech acts, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Aased on the continuity of speech, includes speech acts panatacara direct and indirect literally.nonliterally.
#. Aased on the mode of speech, representative speech act is

aspeech act that is most dominant in the course panatacara Eug Semarang, while the illocutionary speech act is aspeech act that is dominant in the course based on power panatacara he said. Aased on the continuity of speech, direct speech act speech acts literally is dominant in the speech panatacara. Eelated to the research which is done by Anis 4usumaningrum !#$$F" by the tilttle 5An Analysis on :irect and Indirect Speech Act of Glynis Gertsch>s Short Story 5Staring Me in the Face@ that the analysis of the research found the speech act is one of the aspects in pragmatic field. It is the study of the meaning and function of an utterance. In the investigation, the writer analy/es direct and indirect speech act in Glynis Gertsch>s short story staring me in the Hace. As the result the writer concludes several statements, they are& '. *he speakers in the Glynis Gertsch>s short story tend to employ direct speech act !IF.FJ K" rather than indirect speech act !#.## K".

#. *he speakers produced utterances to question #( !#I.%, K", to inform %# !%I.' K", to request F !F.I% K", to thank # !#.#F K", and to apologi/e ' !'.', K". L. In line with conclusion no. # the speakers in fact produced utterances labelled under declarative category !%I.FJ K", interrogative !#I.JJ K", and imperative !'$.L, K". 1hile I Gede 3ika 1irawan !#$'$" in his study that entittled 5The nalysis of Speech ct !sed "y Shoopkeeper and #ustomers During Selling and "uying cti$ities has been founded that all of the types of speech act proposed by Searle, i.e. !a" Assertives, !b" :irectives, !c" +ommisives, !d" E pressive, and !e" :eclaratives are used during buying and selling activities. All of the speech acts appeared in the conversation have their own meaning determined by the conte t in which the utterance used or the conte t of the situation of the utterance. Hrom all of the speaking abbreviation proposed by 8ymes, they are four components that are essential in influencing the meaning of the speech acts appeared in the conversation, i.e. setting and scene% participants% ends and act se&uence' *hese four components of the speaking abbreviation are determining the e act interpretation of every utterance. *his interpretation would determine which type of speech act, the utterance belongs to. Similarities with previous research study conducted by researcher is equally e amines the speech act, but this studyis intended to complement previous studies, because the researcher took this study of speech acts specified in the dialogue interviewon the 0prah1infrey Show. *here are some different which is done in this research that is

determinng the ob<ect and language style. *hese will be achived a different result. Hinally, speech actsmay beseen as a pragmatic phenomenon in prototypes which in some ways that speech acts is challenging the notion that there is a one correspondence between form and function. In simple termsit is not possible that one function of interrogative sentences. In fact the function of interrogative sentences when used as an utterance depends crucially on the phenomenon of pragmatic itself, how conte helps the listener in determining the intent of what was said by the speaker.George !in *arin, 'II$& L#" states that pragmatics can e amine the overall behavior and, particularly in relation to the signs and symbols. 7ragmatic focus on how human beings behave in the overall situation and reception marking a signs. B. IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM *he identification of the problem is required to give the clarification about the study which investigated. *hen, the researcher arranged the identification of the problem reffered to the background of the problem above, those are& a. *he field of the research *he field of study of the research is pragmatic b. *he kinds of problem In this research the researcher entitled the research by 5P&'*+'(i% An'l)sis on (he Di'lo*ue be(,een To+ 'nd O-&'h in (he O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho,@. *his research focused on the kind and fuction of the pragmatic e pression which is the *09 +E?ISE .

*he 0prah Interview #$$# video as the field of study is video and *ranscipt. And the problem identified using what question. c. *he main problem *he main problem of this research was pragmatic words which is confused the listener in understanding the implicit or e plicit through the dialogue. C. LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM In speaking a language there are many aspect that have to be attended by the speaker, although some speakers think that the fluency in speaking as the first factor of success in speaking second language. 7ragmatic analysis study the meaning of words in conte t referred to the speaker, analysingthefunction of meaning of speech act e pressions that can be e plained by knowledge of the physical and social world, and the socio.psychological factors influencing communication, as well as the knowledge of the time and place in wich the words are uttered !Stillwell 7ecceiB Cule 'II(& ,". *he researcher only focuses on the observation and analysis of 5e pressions of speech act asa part of pragmatic discussion on 5*om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@ video. *he sources of the research are all transcript and utterance of pragmatic language of the video. a. *he type of speech act used by *om and 0prah1infrey in their dialogue. b. *he functions of speech act are used by both *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey when use the speech act indialogue.

D. 1UE0TION0 OF THE RE0EARCH Aased on the background above the researcher found some questions about the cases& a. 1hat the type of spech act are contained on the :ialogueb. 8ow is the fuctions of speech actareused by *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey on the dialogueE. THE AIM0 OF THE RE0EARCH *he aims of the research are the purpose of study that will obtain regarding the question of the research. *he purposes of the research are& a. *o describe the type of Speechact are contained on the :ialogue. b. *o identify the functions of speech act used both of *om cruise and 0prah winfreyon the dialogue. F. THE U0E OF THE RE0EARCH A study is successful if the benefit to researchers, science, and society. *herefore, this research is conducted in order that it gives theoretical and practical benefits. a. *heoretical benefit *he research finding can be used to enrich the theory and the understanding of using speech act e pression in English daily conversation. Eeferences enrich science, especially the science of language about the form of speech acts regarding the pragmatic meaning of an utterance. b. 7ractical benefit *he research finding can be used by the students, the community and the writer himself and will be useful to the readers who are

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interested in analy/ing the pragmatic e pression as non standard or language style in the daily conversation. It is included& c. *he students i. Add insight and knowledge of the reader primarily as a reference in the study of discourse in dialogue related to the pragmatic meaning. ii. Student can learn and English pramatict easily by watching video. d. *he community i. *he community which has hobby to attent the show will be understood to acknowledge the topic or theme of the dialogue.. ii. *he result can be informed to the reader who will undergo the reserearch that discussing pragmatic in the dialogue. iii. Aroaden the reader and researcher on social reality depicted in the *09 +E?ISE . *he 0prah Interview #$$# video. e. *he 1riter *he study can give information about what pragmatic is a kind of speech act and its definition in English language which is used in 0prah 1infrey Show.

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION In this chapter the researcher gave the attention to the difficulty in defining pragmatic, speech act, conversation an implicature, and conte t and also the researcher concerned his thinking in the foundation of 0prah winfrey show as the ob<ect in this research. *he researcher provided the special approached by introducing the pragmatic from and e plaining the relation the speech act and dialogue on 0prah winfrey show. 0n other words there is much knowledge which makes the reader interested in understanding 7ragmatict deeper. All the study of 7ragmatic will be described below& A. $. N'(u&e o/ P&'*+'(i% The Theo&) o/ P&'*+'(i% 0-e'2in* *hereare other aspects of meaning that depend more on conte t and the communicative intentions of speakers. +ommunication clearly depends on not only recogni/ing the meaning of words in an utterance, but recogni/ing what speakers mean by their utterances. *he study of what speakers mean, or Dspeaker meaning>, is called pragmatics. 7ragmatic is the branch of linguistics that is known at the present time, this knowledge is rarely or almost never mentioned by the linguists. It is guided by his increasingly aware of the linguist, the fact that efforts to roar language will not bring the desired results without the underlying understanding of the pragmatic, which is how the language is used in communication !Leech, 'IIL& '". Leech !'IIL& J" also defines pragmatic as the study of meaning in relation to the said situations !speech situasions". !Cule, 'II(&L" e plains the pragmatic is the study of meaning. It is concerned with study of meaning as communicated by a speaker !or writer" and interpreted by a listener !or reader".

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!7atrick GrifMthsB #$$(" 50ne of the basic ideas in pragmatics is, as Levinson !#$$$& #I" puts it Dinference is cheap, articulation e pensive>. Language users save them.selves breath, writing and keyboard effort by producing utterances that deliberately rely on conte t, allowing receivers to infer information beyond what is laboriously e plicit in the signal. *he are some several aspect in understanding 7ragmatic besides pragmatics is a study that e amines the meaning in con<unction with the situation said. *hus for the speaker and hearer should pay attention to aspects of speech situations in communication between speakers and partners that are able to put across the above said utterance. Eelated to kinds of uterrance that is communicated. Leech !'IJL" devided uterrance aspect into five formsB a. speaker b. +onte t of speech c. Spoken as a form of action and follow. speech activities d. 7urpose of speech e. Spoken as verbal reaction product. Some aspects of pragmatics like thisB '. speaker and speech versus *he concept of speech versus speakers and also includes any speech writers and readers concerned communicated in writing. *hese aspects are of age, socioeconomic background, gender, level of intimacy, and so on. #. *he conte t of speech *he conte t here includes all the background knowledge possessed predicted and agreed upon by the opposing speakers and speech, as well as support the interpretation of speech versus speakers on what is meant by a particular speech. L. *he purpose of speech

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Each situation speech or speech would contain certain intents and purposes anyway. Aoth sides namely speech versus speakers and engage in an activity that is oriented on a specific purpose. ,. Spoken as a form of action and follow. speech activities. In pragmatic speech is considered as a form of e ercise that is said response activities. 7ragmatics grasping actions or verbal response . performing . performing . that takes place in specific situations in a certain time. %. Spoken as verbal reaction products. In pragmatic speech refers to the product of a verbal response, and not <ust in response verbalnya itself. So that is reviewed by a pragmatic rather than <ust illocutionism, but also the meaning or strength its illocution. !Leech, 'IIL&'I" +onsideration aspects of speech situations such as the above can e plain the relevance of the conte t of the speech with the purpose to communicate. According to e planation above the pragmatic analysis can be concluded that the aspects of time and place are not completed without understanding the uturrance itself. *he use of the uterrance aspect is to make easyer in determining the things that belong in the fields of affairs. . The Theo&) o/ 0-ee%h A%(s Speech act is an analysis relating to the pragmatic study. *he 0pinion is related to the ob<ect of research, the most pragmatic form of speech acts in communication events. In a pragmatic analysis, the ob<ect being analy/ed is the ob<ect associated with the use of language in communication events, that

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kind of utterance or speech that is identified by using the theory of pragmatic meaning. 9eanwhile Austin as promotor policy of speech act theory reveals that some speech is not a statement about something, but an action !action". Aased on what can be said that uttering something can be called action or activity. According to an American language philosopher 2.E. Searle speaking a language is performing s-ee%h '%(s, acts such as making statements, giving commands, asking questions or making promises. Searle states that all linguistic communication involves linguistic !speech" acts. In other words, speech acts are the basic or minimal units of linguistic communication. !'IF(&'(". Aach and 8arnish !'IFI&LI" state thet speech acts are the acts of communication. *o communicate is to e press a certain attitude, and the type of speech act being performed corresponds to the type of attitude being e pressed. Hor e ample, a statement e press belief, a request e press desire, and an apology e press regret. 1hile Levinson !'IJL&#L," states that speech acts are irreducible to matters of truth and falsity. Hirst, all utterance not only serve to e press proposition, but also perform action. Second, of the many ways in which one could say that in uttering some linguistic e pression a speaker was doing something, there is one privileged level of action that can be called the illocutionary.or, more simply, the speech act. Another linguist, Allan !'IJ(&(," proposes the language come into e istence only because some performs an act of speaking or writing. Speech occurs when a speaker produces an acoustic signal that represents a thought, idea, or message to be conveyed to the hearer who decodes the signal to arrive at a similar message. Speaker is said to have perform an act through

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an utterance, such as the act of stating a fact or opinion, the act of confirming or denying, making prediction, or request, giving command, etc. According to Cule !#$$$" in e pressing their mind, people do not only produce utterance containing grammatical structures and words but also performs acts via those utterances. NActions performed via utterance are generally called speech acts. !Cule, #$$(& ,F". In addition, there is a certain circumstance that surrounds the performance of speech acts so that the particular speech act can be recogni/ed and interpreted by the hearer. According to definitions above concluded that the speech act is a pragmatic element involving the speaker, the listener or the writer, the reader and the trial. An utterance of the sentence to state, that a purpose of the speaker can be known by the listener. *he problem of speech acts was pioneered by another American language philosopher 2.L. Austin. 8is observations were delivered at 8arvard ?niversity in 'I%% as the 1illiam 2ames Lectures which were posthumously published in his famous book (ow to Do Things with )ords . It is Austin who introduces basic terms and areas to study and distinguishes locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts. As Lyons puts it& Austin>s main purpose was to challenge the view that the only philosophically !and also linguistically" interesting function of language was that of making true or false statements.!Lyons, 'FL" Austin proves that there are undoubtedly more functions language can e ercise. *he theory of speech acts thus comes to being and Austin>s research becomes a cornerstone for his followers. It is Austin who introduces basic terms and areas to study and he also comes up with a new category of utterances O the performatives. Pe&/o&+'(ives are historically the first speech acts to be e amined within the theory of speech acts. Austin defines a performative as an

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utterance which contains a special type of verb !a performative verb" by force of which it performs an action. In other words, in using a performative, a person is not <ust saying something but is actually doing something !1ardhaugh& 'II#& #JL". Austin further states that a performative, unlike a constative, cannot be true or false !it can only be felicitous or infelicitous" and that it does not describe, report or constate anything. 8e also claims that from the grammatical point of view, a performative is a first person indicative active sentence in the simple present tense. *his criterion is ambiguous though and that is why, in order to distinguish the performative use from other possible uses of first person indicative active pattern, Austin introduces a here*y test since he finds out that performative verbs only can collocate with this adverb. +' a, - here*y resign from the post of the President of the #.ech /epu*lic' *, - here*y get up at se$en o0clock in the morning e$ery day' 1hile the first sentence would make sense under specific conditions, uttering of the second would be rather strange. Hrom this it follows that !'a" is a performative, !'b" is not. 8aving defined performatives, Austin then draws a basic distinction between them. 8e distinguishes two general groups . e3-li%i( and i+-li%i( -e&/o&+'(ives. '. E3-li%i( 'nd I+-li%i( Pe&/o&+'(ives An e plicit performative is one in which the utterance inscription contains an e pression that makes e plicit what kind of act is being performed !Lyons, 'IJ'& 'F%". An e plicit performative includes a performative verb and mainly therefore, as *homas !'II%& ,F" claims, it

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can be seen to be a mechanism which allows the speaker to remove any possibility of misunderstanding the force behind an utterance. #. a. - order you to lea$e' b. )ill you lea$e1 In the first e ample, the speaker utters a sentence with an imperative proposition and with the purpose to make the hearer leave. *he speaker uses a performative verb and thus completely avoids any possible misunderstanding. *he message is clear here. *he second utterance !#b" is rather ambiguous without an appropriate conte t. It can be understood in two different ways& it can be either taken literally, as a yesPno question, or non.literally as an indirect request or even command to leave. *he hearer can become confused and he does not always have to decode the speaker>s intention successfully. !#b" is an implicit or primary performative. 1orking on Lyon>s assumption, this is non.e plicit, in terms of the definition given above, in that there is no e pression in the utterance.inscription itself which makes e plicit the fact that this is to be taken as a request rather than a yesPno question !Lyons, 'IJ'& 'F(". *he e plicit and implicit versions are not equivalent. ?ttering the e plicit performative version of a command has much more serious impact than uttering the implicit version !Cule, 'II(& %#". *homas adds to this that people therefore often avoid using an e plicit performative since in many circumstances it seems to imply an unequal power relationship or particular set of rights on the part of the speaker !'II%& ,J". *his can be seen in the following e amples& L. a. Speak' )ho *egan this1 On thy lo$e% - charge thee' 2Othello% 3'4'+55,'

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b. - du* thee knight' In !La" 0thello speaks to his ensign Iago and asks him who initiated a recent fight. 0thello addresses Iago from the position of strength and power and he therefore uses the e plicit performative 6charge thee0' Iago understands what is being communicated and carefully e plains that he does not know who had started it. In !Lb" the situation is different. In this e ample it is rather the particular set of rights on the part of the speaker which enable him to use an e plicit performative. :ubbing was the ceremony whereby the candidate>s initiation into knighthood was completed. It could only be carried out by the king or any entitled seigneur who shall strike the candidate three times with the fla of the blade, first upon the left shoulder, ne t upon the right shoulder and finally upon the top of the head while saying - du* thee once'' - du* thee twice'''- du* thee Knight' *he ceremony was completed when the knight received spurs and a belt as tokens of chivalry. Levinson !& #L$" declares that Dperformative sentences achieve their corresponding actions because there are specific conventions linking the words to institutional procedures>. *he institutional procedures are not always the same, they differ considerably in different historical periods and cultures !e.g. the institution of marriage in western and eastern societies". Austin states that it is also necessary for the procedure and the performative to be e ecuted in appropriate circumstances in order to be successful. Shiffrin !'II,& %'", commenting on Austin>s observations, adds& 5*he circumstances allowing an act are varied& they include the e istence of Dan accepted conventional procedure having a certain conventional effect>, the presence of Dparticular persons and

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circumstances>, Dthe correct and complete e ecution of a procedure>, and !when appropriate to the act" Dcertain thoughts, feelings, or intentions>.@ *hese circumstances are more often called /eli%i() %ondi(ions. b. Feli%i() Condi(ions *he term of felicity conditions was proposed by Austin who defines them as follows !Austin, 'I(#& ', O '%"& $4 *here must e ist an accepted conventional procedure having a certain conventional effect, that procedure to include the uttering of certain words by certain persons in certain circumstances. 4 *he particular persons and circumstances in a given case must be appropriate for the invocation of the particular procedure invoked. 54 *he procedure must be e ecuted by all participants both correctly and completely. 64 1here, as often, the procedure is designed for use by persons having certain thoughts or feelings, or for the inauguration of certain consequential conduct on the part of any participant, then a person participating in and so invoking the procedure must intend so to conduct themselves, and further must actually so conduct themselves subsequently. Linguistic literature concerning the theory of speech acts often deals with Austin>s e ample of marriage in connection with felicity conditions. *homas for instance closely describes the institution of marriage and states that in western societies 5this conventional procedure involves a man and a woman, who are not debarred from marrying for any reason, presenting themselves before an authori/ed person !minister of religion or registrar", in an authori/ed place !place of worship or

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registry place", at an approved time !certain days or times are e cluded" accompanied by a minimum of two witnesses. *hey must go through a specified form of marriage& the marriage is not legal unless certain declarations are made and unless certain words have been spoken@ !*homas, 'II%& LJ". 0nly then are all the felicity conditions met and the act is considered valid. 8owever, this procedure is often not universalB the customs vary throughout countries and cultures. In Islamic world for e ample, the ceremony of marriage is considerably different. *he bride cannot act herself, she needs a wali !male relative" to represent her in concluding the marital contract as without his presence the marriage would be invalid and illegal. *he declarations and words spoken are also culture specific and thus different from the formulas common in Europe. Hor all that, there must e ist a certain conventional procedure with appropriate circumstances and persons involved, it must be e ecuted correctly and completely, the persons must have necessary thoughts, feelings and intentions and if consequent conduct is specified, then the relevant parties must do it. !*homas, 'II%& LF" Generally, only with these felicity conditions met the act is fully valid. *he term of felicity conditions is still in use and it is not restricted only to performatives anymore. As Cule !Cule, 'II(& %$" observes, felicity conditions cover e pected or appropriate circumstances for the performance of a speech act to be recogni/ed as intended. 8e then, working on originally Searle>s assumptions, proposes further classification of felicity conditions into five classes& *ene&'l %ondi(ions, %on(en( %ondi(ions, -&e-'&'(o&) %ondi(ions, sin%e&i() %ondi(ions and essen(i'l %ondi(ions. According to Cule !Cule,'II(&%$", *ene&'l

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%ondi(ions presuppose the participants> knowledge of the language being used and his non.playacting, %on(en( %ondi(ions concern the appropriate content of an utterance, -&e-'&'(o&) %ondi(ions deal with differences of various illocutionary acts !e.g. those of promising or warning", sin%e&i() %ondi(ions count with speaker>s intention to carry out a certain act and essen(i'l %ondi(ions Dcombine with a specification of what must be in the utterance content, the conte t, and the speaker>s intentions, in order for a specific act to be appropriately !felicitously" performed>. In connection with felicity conditions as well, Austin later reali/es that the category of performatives and constatives is not sufficient and thus, in an attempt to replace it by a general theory of speech acts, he Disolates three basic senses in which in saying something one is doing something, and hence three kinds of acts that are simultaneously performed> !Levinson& #L("& (he lo%u(ion'&), illo%u(io'n'&) and -e&lo%u(ion'&) '%(s. %. The Lo%u(ion'&)" Illo%u(ion'&) 'nd Pe&lo%u(ion'&) A%(s *here are two sorts of theories that will be used in the analysis. *hey are the theory of speech act and the theory of the conte t of situation. *he first theory that will be use in the analysis is the theory that is proposed by Searle !'IFI" and Austin !#$$(". *here are three component of speech act that are simultaneously performed when saying something. In place of the initial distinction such utterances stating a truth that can be tested by using the knowledge about the world can be called constati$es and a speech utterances uses to do something called performati$es, Austin substituted a three.way contrast among the kinds of

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acts that are performed when language is put to use, namely the distinction between locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts, all of which are characteristic of most utterances, including standard e amples of both performatives and constatives. $4 Lo%u(ion'&) '%( *his component of the speech act is probably the least ambiguous. Aach and 8arnish !Aach and 8arnish 'IFI& 'I", commenting on Austin>s work, point out that Austin distinguish three aspects of the locutionary act. Austin claims that to say anything is& Always to perform the act of uttering certain noises !a phonetic act". Always to perform the act of uttering certain vocables or words !a phatic act". Generally to perform the act of using that QsentenceR or its constituents with certain more or less definite Dsense> and a more or less definite Dreference>, which together are equivalent to Dmeaning> !rhetic act". Hrom this division it follows that the locutionary act comprises other three 5sub.acts@& phonetic, phatic and rhetic. *his distinction as well as the notion of locutionary act in general was often critici/ed by Austin>s followers. Searle even completely re<ects Austin>s division and proposes his own instead !Searle, 'I(J& ,$%". Searle !Searle, 'I(J& ,'#" warns that Austin>s rhetic act is nothing else but a reformulated description of the illocutionary act and he therefore suggests another term, the so.called propositional act which e presses the proposition !a

23

neutral phrase without illocutionary force". In other words, a proposition is the content of the utterance. 1ardhaugh offers this e planation. 7ropositional acts are those matters having to do with referring and predicating& we use language to refer to matters in the world and to make predictions about such matters !1ardhaugh, 'II#& #J%". 7ropositional acts cannot occur alone since the speech act would not be complete. *he proposition is thus e pressed in the performance of an illocutionary act. 1hat is essential to note here is that not all illocutionary acts must necessarily have a proposition !utterances e pressing states such as D0uch;> or D:amn;> are 5propositionless@ as Searle observes !Searle 'IF(&L$"". 8aving defined the proposition and propositional acts, Searle modifies Austin>s ideas and states that there are utterance acts !utterance acts are similar to Austin>s phonetic and phatic 5sub.acts@, Searle !'IF(&#," defines them as mere uttering morphemes, words and sentences", propositional acts and illocutionary acts. ?tterance acts together with propositional acts are an inherent part of the theory of speech acts but what linguists concentrate on the most is undoubtedly the issue of illo%u(ion'&) '%(s. 4 Illo%u(ion'&) '%( Illocutionary acts are considered the core of the theory of speech acts. As already suggested above, an illocutionary act is the action performed by the speaker in producing a given utterance. *he illocutionary act is closely connected with speaker>s intentions, e.g. stating, questioning, promising, requesting, and giving commands, threatening and many others. As Cule !Cule, 'II(& ,J" claims, the

24

illocutionary act is thus performed via the communicative force of an utterance which is also generally known as illocutionary force of the utterance. Aasically, the illocutionary act indicates how the whole utterance is to be taken in the conversation. Sometimes it is not easy to determine what kind of illocutionary act the speaker performs. *o hint his intentions and to show how the proposition should be taken the speaker uses many indications, ranging from the most obvious ones, such as unambiguous performative verbs, to the more opaque ones, among which mainly various paralinguistic features !stress, timbre and intonation" and word order should be mentioned. All these hints or let>s say factors influencing the meaning of the utterance are called Illocutionary Horce Indicating :evices, or IHI: as Cule, referring to previous Searle> s work, calls them !Cule, 'II(& ,I". In order to correctly decode the illocutionary act performed by the speaker, it is also necessary for the hearer to be acquainted with the conte t the speech act occurs in. 9ey !9ey, 'IIL& 'LI" says that one should not believe a speech act to be taking place, before one has considered, or possibly created, the appropriate conte t. It should be clear by now that the issue of illocutionary acts is sometimes quite complicated because one and the same utterance can have more illocutionary forces !meanings" depending on the IHI:s, the conte t, the conventions and other factors. !,"The door is there' *his simple declarative sentence !," in the form of statement can be interpreted in at least two ways. It can be either understood literally as a reply to the question D1here is the way out-> or possibly

25

D1here is the door-> or it can be taken as an indirect request to ask somebody to leave. *he sentence has thus two illocutionary forces which, even if they are different, have a common proposition !content". *he former case is called a di&e%( s-ee%h '%(, the latter an indi&e%( s-ee%h '%(. It depends on the speaker and on the conte tual situation which one he will choose to convey in his speech. Similarly, one illocutionary act can have more utterance acts !or locutionary acts according to Austin" as in& !%" #an you close the door1 !(" )ill you close the door1 !F" #ould you close the door1 !J" )ould you close the door1 27, #an0t you close the door1 !'$" )on0t you close the door1 !8ernande/, #$$#& #(#" All the utterances in !F" are indirect requests, they all have a common illocutionary force, that of requesting. *here are hundreds or thousands of illocutionary acts and that is why, for better understanding and orientation, some linguists proposed their classification. 9any authors, such as Searle !'I(I, 'IF%a" and Allan !'IIJ", seem to accept the idea that potential e pression by means of a performative sentence is a sufficient criterion for the recognition of illocutions, while others, e.g. Sadock !'IFF", do not. Austin himself says that to be an illocutionary act it must also be the case that the means of accomplishing it are conventional. *he classification in this study the researcher applied the categories proposed by 2ohn Searle. According to Searle in Levinson

26

!'II%&#,$" there have been found five basic kinds of Illocutionary act, these are& a" Re-&esen('(ives are such utterances which commit the hearer to the truth of the e pressed proposition !e.g. asserting, concluding". !''". The name of the "ritish &ueen is 8li.a*eth. b" Di&e%(ives are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something !e.g. ordering, requesting". !'#". )ould you make me a cup of tea1 c" Co++issives commit the speaker to some future course of action !e.g. promising, offering". !'L". - promise to come at eight and cook a nice dinner for you' d" E3-&essives e press a psychological state !e.g. thanking, congratulating". !',". Thank you for your kind offer' e" De%l'&'(ions effect immediate changes in the institutional state of affairs and which tend to rely on elaborate e tra.linguistic institutions !e.g. christening, declaring war". !'L". - *e&ueath all my property to my *elo$ed fiancee. *hese speech acts are illustrated in *able #.'. 0-e%h A%( Assertive P&o-e&(ies o/ 0-e%h '%( E3'+-le

Statements of fact, getting 5At the library@,NI have class the viewer to form or attend until % today,@ N@out@ to a belief *he sender uses this to get 5call me,@ N@pick me up at the receiver to do something J,@ 5call the cell@ !i.e.a command" *he sender commits himself 5be back at %,@.@ l ll meet you

:irective

+ommissive

27

E pressive :eclarative

to do something Sender e presses

at F,@.@bars all night@ feeling 5I hate this weather,@ 5School

towards the receiver sucks,@.@I love Hridays@ *o change an institutional 5CouDre fired,@.@7lay ball,@ state of affairs 5+hapter at F or youDre fined@

Searle>s classification is not e haustive and according to Levinson !Levinson, 'IJL& #,$", it lacks a principled basis. Cet, Searle>s classification helped to become aware of basic types of illocutionary acts and their potential -e&lo%u(ion'&) e//e%( on the hearer. 54 Pe&lo%u(ion'&) A%(s 7erlocutionary acts, Austin>s last element in the three.fold definition of speech acts, are performed with the intention of producing a further effect on the hearer. Sometimes it may seem that perlocutionary acts do not differ from illocutionary acts very much, yet there is one important feature which tells them apart. *here are two levels of success in performing illocutionary and perlocutionary acts which can be best e plained on a simple e ampleB !'," )ould you close the door1 +onsidered merely as an illocutionary act !a request in this case", the act is successful if the hearer recogni/es that he should close the door, but as a perlocutionary act it succeeds only if he actually closes it. *here are several verbal response of perlocutionary act can be addressed. Some verbal, among others, to persuade, deceive, induce, make irritated, scare, pleasant, soothing, shame, and attention !Leech 'IIL&L#L".

28

*here are many utterances with the purpose to affect the hearer in some way or other, some convey the information directly, others are more careful or polite and they use indi&e%(ness to transmit the message. d. Indi&e%(ness Indirectness is a widely used conversational strategy. 7eople tend to use indirect speech acts mainly in connection with politeness !Leech, 'IJL& '$J" since they thus diminish the unpleasant message contained in requests and orders for instance. *herefore similar utterances as in !'%" are often employed. !'%". It>s $ery hot in here' In this e ample the speaker e plains or even e cuses the reason why he makes a request !0pen the window". Ardissono argues that the speakers often prefer indirect speech acts so that they do not infringe the hearer>s face, which might be the case here too. Ardissono claims that sometimes direct addresses may even appear impolite as in D )ould you lend me some money17 and D9end me some money87 5. Conve&s'(ion I+-li%'(u&e :iscussing pragmatic that related to the uterrance is not completed without implicature of conversation. Its one of the condition how to make the research be more understood. Inplicature arise as much in the other speech genres and in writing as they do in conversation. Speakers, writers assume that everyone engage in communication knows and accepts the communicatioal norms. *he most important concept in the present pragmatic knowledge pragmatic as a branch of philology is implicature conversation. Levinson !'IJL" use the concept implicature view consists of four items&

29

$4 *he concept of functional implicature means possible e planation for the linguistic facts are not affordable by linguistic theory. 4 *he concept of providing an e planation implicature firm P implicit about how possible that what he said is inherently different from what is intended and that the speakers understood the intioned message. 54 *he concept seems to have been able to moderate implicature semantic descriptions of the relationship between the clauses of the difference, although the clause is connected with said the same structure. 64 Implicature concept is that only a few items only implicature policies can describe a wide range of facts or symptoms or seem inherently inconsistent. Grice !'I%F, also in Steinberg S2akobovits, 'IF'" distinguishes two kinds of meaning which he calls natural meaning and non. natural meaning. According to Grice, consists of four rules work the same underlying speech and language as efficiently as referred to collectively as the basis of cooperation. 7olicy cooperation is comprised of four conversation rules, namely& quantity, quality, relation, and manner. Gricealso mention the e istence of other rules that generally are social,aesthetic, or moral P moral.Implicature have the legal discourse characteristics as follows& '. A conversation can be canceled implicature in certain cases. #. ?sually there is no other way to say what is and still retain implicature concerned. L. Implicature conversations requirement that prior knowledge of the conventional meaning of the sentence will be worn. ,. Approval of the substance of aimplicaturepercakapan not depend on the truth will say.

30

1ardhaugh !#$$(&#I'" Grice points out that these ma ims do not apply to conversation alone. 8e says& 5it may *e worth noting that the specific e:pectations or presumptions connected with at least some of the foregoing ma:ims ha$e their analogs in the sphere of transactions that are not talk e:changes@. *he researcher list briefly one such analog for each conversational category. a. Tuantity. If you are assisting me to mend a car, I e pect your contribution to be neither more nor less than is requiredB if, for e ample, at a particular stage I need four screws, I e pect you to hand me four, rather than two or si . b. Tuality. I e pect your contributions to be genuine and not spurious. If I need sugar as an ingredient in the cake you are assisting me to make, I do not e pect you to hand me saltB if I need a spoon, I do not e pect a trick spoon made of rubber. c. Eelation. I e pect a partner>s contribution to be appropriate to immediate needs at each stage of the transactionB if I am mi ing ingredients for a cake, I do not e pect to be handed a good book, or even an oven cloth !though this might be an appropriate contribution at a later stage". d. 9anner. I e pect a partner to make it clear what contribution he is making, and to e ecute his performance with reasonable dispatch. Hlouting 9a im & '. *he students are making progress #. I don>t drink. L. 7ragmatics is difficult. ,. 1hen will dinner be ready-

31

%. Cou>ve got up to here now. (. *hey washed and went to bed As one of our policy holders, I hope you>ll already know that creating products is our aim. Implicatures that arise from e ample ' .F sentence because addressees assume that the speaker is bound by Grice=s ma ims , that sentence !'" was delivered Implicatures that arise from e ample ' .F sentence because addressees assume that the speaker is bound by Grice=s ma ims , that sentence !'" was delivered informatively possible , sentence !L" is made with very well de , sentence !%" is very relevant to the conte t , and sentence !F" should be read for what it is. Aut in fact, may be in speaker was not too bound by any ma ims own run .Sample sentences. 2+;, )ell% it is a uni$ersity' *his sentence is phrased by a student violates the ma imB there still remains unsure of implicature within it. Assume that the hearer will be sides me violate ma ims, speakers at basically work together and therefore tried to convey meaning. In conclusion there are the basics that guide the conversation sets. Ay knowing the basic fundamentals !ma im" is, making the recipientPhearers hould be ableto describe the meaning implies dinference !entailment" of anutterance. Each statementPutterance has both meaning sof=natural= !entailment" and the meaning of=nonOnaturally called !implicatures". =Hloating rightPbreaking= a ma im is the way most men>s eyes to the speaker plug to the make conclusions and then fi es an implicature. *herefore there is an e change between obeying the ma im and Dbreaking= ma im. Eeasonable shipping.

32

6.

0-ee%h A%( 's Fun%(ion In this activity, there would speak about the sub<ect of common concern. *he principal sub<ect in order to understand other people should be reworded should pay attention to the rules of the language and its use. Sub<ect principal is the center of attention for the topic discussed or reworded is said, while the speech is a speech topic that has been reworded !Suyono'II$&#L". Speech act is an activity .uterring some words of speech can be seen as an action !4aswatipurwa 'II$". Speech acts an act not unlike actions such as kicking and kissing. 2ust a different role in each member of the body.At the foot of the kicking action role, while kissing is the role of the face. Speech act will not escape from the situation analysis of speech !Speech situation". ?terrance situation is a situation that gave birth to utterance !Eustono'III&#%". Said the situation in the two .party communication participants is important that the speaker and hearer, or the message sender and the recipient. In order for this communication takes place between the communicating parties must e ist ad<acent contacts. 7hysically ad<acent contacts not mean the creation of the situation said. Speakers should take care and being party to talk or communicate. +ommunications are a function of the speech act. *he functions of one form of speech act utterances e ceed thus a function. *he speech is a speech act function. Language can be studied in terms of form and function. Studies in terms of the shape using the formalism of the approach that emphasi/es the study of language forms language solely. 9eanwhile, in terms of function studies using non. formalism approach, namely the study of language approach starts from the notion of speech acts !speech act" and look at the

33

speech act functions in the language of communication in social phenomena !Gunarwan 'II#". Leech !'IIL&F#" pragmatic e planation is able to answer the 6why@ with the answers and crowned beyond the goals of formal grammar. Hor e ample, a pragmatic answer to the question why the speech utterances U is used instead of C, because U is more in accordance with the speech function of language as a communication system. In terms of language, functional theory is a theory that defines language as a form of communication and who want to show how language works in the systems of the larger human community. *he terms that mark the presence of functionalism is = intent D, = goal D, = target = , = plan = . According to Grice 'I%F, Searle 'I(I in Leech !'IIL" used when discussing functional . illocutionary illocutionary intent or meaning of the terms. In addition, they discuss the properties of the language with using a word of function. 9. Con(e3( +onte t is the background knowledge possessed estimated and agreed upon by the speaker or writer and penyimak or readers as well as supporting the interpretation listener or reader to what is intended reader or writer with a particular utterance !*arin'IJF&L%". In communicating speech community can not be separated from the speech situation. *o that end, Hirth !'IL%" has a view of the conte t of the situation. *he main points of view are !'" participants in the situation, !#" paticipationaction, !L" the characteristics of other relevant circumstances, and !," the effects of speech acts !8alliday in the *ou'II#&''".

34

7articipation is a determining factor in the conversation. In situations the participation was the perpetrators of language, among other people, educators, linguists and language researchers. Said in a speech in pelibat means doing a speech is an action of participation. As is the action of participation that the things done by the speaker, including speech acts or verbal action or actions that are not in the form of non. verbal utterance or action. B. The N'(u&e O/ O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho, As the rerelevant study in the reseach, the reseacher added the thoery of what 0prah 1infrey Show is. *his is an ob<ect in the research. $. The Oprah Winfrey Show *his is often referred to simply as Oprah, is an American syndicated talk show that aired nationally for #% seasons from 'IJ( to #$''. 7roduced and hosted by its namesake, 0prah 1infrey, it remains the highest.rated talk show in American television history. *he show was highly influential, and many of its topics penetrated into the American pop.cultural consciousness. 1infrey used the show as a platform to teach and inspire, providing viewers with a positive, spiritually uplifting e perience by featuring book clubs, compelling interviews, self. improvement segments, and philanthropic forays into world events. *he show gained credibility by not trying to profit off the products it endorsedB it had no licensing agreement with retailers when products were not promoted, nor did the show make any money from endorsing books for its book club. . Biblio*&'-h)

35

'4 O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho, :The di'lo*ue Be(,een To+ C&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e); In this moment acoording to the research that is taking place, in discussing 0prah winfrey Show related to the agenda of implementation of the Show. *he rivew of 0pah winfrey.*om cruise in the 0prah 1infrey show is a part of the theory which is discussed in this reseach. *his is an absolutely phenonmenal interview of *om +ruise with 0prah 1infrey that 7ublished on 3ov #J, #$'#. *he theme of the interview is entertainment discussing about the $annilla sky film' 2ust after his pending divorce from 3icole 4idman was announced 6)anilla Sky6 was premiering in theatres, and his paramour was 7enelope +ru/. *here are his views of life, love, family, romance, the making of his films, etc. 8e talks about his film, 6)anilla Sky6, the 6stunts and 6cliff6 scene in 9I, 7enelope and +ameron :ia/ give thoughts on working with him. 8is personal recipe for 6Spaghetti +arbonara6 and even 0prah without make up and in fu//y slippers; A thrilled fan meets him and finally, questions from the audience. 0prah does her usual magnificent <ob of interview .. and *om .. wellB he=s gorgeous, se y, fun, and sensitive and those of us who love him this is a lovely treat. b4 O-&'h .in/&e) in (he Di'lo*ue To+ C&uise < The O-&'h In(e&vie, ## According to 0prah1infreyAiography.htm, and *he0prahP1infreyShowP1ikipediafreeencyclopedia.htm, 0prah 1infrey was as host that it was renamed The Oprah )infrey Show, e panded to an hour, and debuted nationally on September J, 'IJ(. 0riginally, the show

36

followed traditional talk show formats. Ay the mid 'II$s, however, the format became more serious, addressing issues that 1infrey thought were of direct importance and of crucial consequence to women. 1infrey began to do a lot of charity work, and her show featured people suffering from poverty or the victims of unfortunate accidents. 1infrey interviewed a plethora of public figures and everyday people during the show=s #%.year history. 1hen celebrities and newsmakers were ready to share their most intimate secrets their first stop was 1infrey=s couch and when a serious story hit, the Oprah show focused on putting a human face on the headlines.1infrey claims her worst interviewing e perience was with many actrees advantage of what they got. %4 The ='nill' 02) *he description of )anilla Sky as the support of the research. *his is the thing discussed in the in terview between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey in the 0prah winfrey show. *he film which has duration 'L( minutes is a #$$' American romantic drama film, directed, co. produced, and co.written by +ameron +rowe. :escribed as 6an odd mi ture of science fiction, romance and reality warp6, it is an English. language remake of the 'IIF Spanish film, Abre los o<os !0pen Cour Eyes", which was written by Ale<andro AmenVbar and 9ateo Gil. *he film stars *om +ruise, 7enWlope +ru/, and +ameron :ia/, with 2ason Lee and 4urt Eussell appearing in supporting roles. d4 To+ C&uise In (he O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho, 'nd In (he ='nill' 02). such as *om +ruise who has some e perience to make a sharing and discussing the

37

*om +ruise be a 8ost of 0prah 1infrey show in #$$# that is published on #J 3ovember #$'#. *he predicate of *om cruise in the known as :avid Aames. 8e was the wealthy owner of a large publishing firm in 3ew Cork +ity after the death of his father. Hrom a prison cell, :avid, in a prosthetic mask, tells his story to psychologist :r. +urtis 9c+abe !4urt Eussell"& en<oying the bachelor lifestyle, he is introduced to Sofia Serrano !7enWlope +ru/" by his best friend, Arian Shelby !2ason Lee", at a party. :avid and Sofia spend a night together talking, and fall in love. 1hen :avid=s former girlfriend, 2ulianna 62ulie6 Gianni !+ameron :ia/", hears of Sofia, she attempts to kill herself and :avid in a car crash. 1hile 2ulie dies, :avid remains alive, but his face is horribly disfigured, forcing him to wear a mask to hide the in<uries. ?nable to come to grips with the mask, he gets drunk on a night out at a bar with Sofia, and he is left to wallow in the street.

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CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOG> OF RE0EARCH In previous chapter minimally the reader can get the basic information of this research and what the core of the research theoretical foundationin the second chapter,. *his chapter the researcher talked about the method of the research. It included the ob<ect of the research, the research setting, method of the research, source of data, instrument of the research, technique of collecting data, and the technique of analysis data more e plicitly. A. The Ob?e%(ive o/ (he Rese'&%h In this research the researcher took the ob<ective of the research is to know the analysis of pargmatic words on the dialogua between *om +ruise and 0prah in 5*om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@. In this ob<ective contains the analy/ing and finding out the pragmatic words in the dialogue. Analy/ing the kinds of speech act utterance based on the dialogue used by *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey. 4nowing the strategy to make a question and answer used both *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey is commonly refers to speech acts e pression in the dialogue of 5*om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@. B. The Ob?e%( 'nd Ti+e o/ (he Rese'&%h *he ob<ect of this research is pragmatic words which are stated in *09 +E?ISE . *he 0prah Interview #$$#. *he research was conducted within fourth month starting from $'sr Agusutus #$'L until L'th 2anuari #$', therefore this research held about four months. Hor four months the researcher did the research from starting into finishing. Me(hod o/ (he Rese'&%h
38

39

*his research is qualitative in the nature as brings for the phenomenon. *he type of this method of research is content or document analysis. *he phenomenological analysis is descriptive. According to Aodgam and *ylor !in 9oleong 'II&L" Tualitative phenomenon as a procedure of research that will lamented the descriptive datas such as a written from the speaker or speaker versus are observed. *herefore the data which is analy/ed by thus method is descriptive. *he researcher attempt to e plain the variation of speech act and the function itself through the dialogue between *om cruise and 0prah in the 0prah 1infrey Show. C. 0ou&%e o/ D'(' '. P&i+'&&) d'(' *he primary data source of this research are video and transcript gathered from the of *om +uise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@ which is downloaded from http&PPyoutube.com.*he reason of selecting 0prah 1infrey show was triggered off three aspects they are& '. 0prah 1infrey Show *he 0prah 1infrey Show is a talk show that aired nationally for #% seasons from 'IJ( to #$''. *he show was highly influential, and many of its topics penetrated into the American pop.cultural consciousness... *he show gained credibility by not trying to profit off the products it endorsedB it had no licensing agreement with retailers when products were not promoted, nor did the show make any money from endorsing books for its book club. 1infrey interviewed a plethora of public figures and everyday people during the show=s #%.year history. 1hen celebrities and newsmakers were ready to share their most intimate

40

secrets their first stop was 1infrey=s couch and when a serious story hit, the Oprah show focused on putting a human face on the headlines #. *om +ruise To+ C&uise is an American film actor and producer. 8e has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. 8e is actor of the )anilla Sky film. L. 0prah 1infrey 0prah is an American syndicated talk show that aired nationally for #% seasons from 'IJ( to #$''. 7roduced and hosted by its name sake, 0prah 1infrey, it remains the highest.rated talk show in American television history. b. 0e%ond'&) D'(' the secondary data of tis research is the trascrip. It is arraged by the following step to make a complete transcript.and the other support the transcript also gathered to the video from the website of http&Pyoutube.com which is downloaded from it is not actually used as the ma<or of secondary data. Aecause there are some several utterance or words not be suited as the utterance of video. D. Ins(&u+en( o/ (he Rese'&%h. In this research the researcher used non test instrument because of the data only in document form !video" and there were not special treatment in this research ob<ect. E. Te%hni@ue o/ Colle%(in* D'('

41

+ollecting the data is an essential step in every research because the data are ob<ects of the analysis. *he process of collecting the data must be systematically done in order to get accurate data. In order to get the necessary data and information as the main topic of discussion, the method that was used in collecting the data is library research method. +ollecting data in this study was done by using documentation and direct analysis to the video of *om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#. And do library research to complete the data and materialscan be used as a reference.*here were 0prah 1infrey as host and *om +ruise as guest star in 0prah 1infrey Show that their conversation is taken as the sample. In 0prah 1infrey Show there are many uterrance that contained implicit meaning. So, in this research the diversity of the uterrance and statement are said made the analysis more universal. 7ractically, the process that had to be done in order to gather the data is e plained as follows& '. *her reseracher point out the problem that can be analysis. *he data was collected through video and transcipt. *he data of this activity is in the form of video because the research did not <ust need the speech act that appeared but also the way of the speakers in asking and answering their statements. *he conversation between the host and the guast star when the activity of interview happen trough the video.*his would be needed in the analysis to determine the conte t of the situation of the utterance is said by the speaker that could give us the e act intention of the speaker in uttering the e pression. #. *he researcher arranged the theory of the analysis related to the problem of research. *his theory contain the part of discussion such as

42

B discussion of pragmatic, speech act, implicature of conversation, function of speech and conte t. *hese that would be the basic of theory on this research. L. *he conversations were transferred to the written form in order to make the data easier to be analy/ed because the analysis in this written form needed the script of the conversation in order to make the reader more understand about the speech act that would appear. Another that, the written form of the conversation would also enable the reader to understand the classification of every single speech act that appeared in the conversation because the speech act appeared in the conversation were classified to its classification. ,. After the conversations between the host and the guest star were whached and attended, the speech acts that appeared in the conversations were identified. After recording the data and then do the recording so that the original form of the oral into the written form ofthe data. *he recording was made immediately after the recording is done, by recording the data card. :ata are grouped based on the type of variation in the form of speech act types and conte ts. *he results ofthis study data records stored in a device calleda data card like the e ample below.

T'ble 5.$. 3o data&

43

Ti+e

Kind o/ s-ee%h '%(

Fun%(ion

?terrance Analysis +hronology of utterance :escription& '. *he number is given data symbol E !respondents" followed by the serial number.
2. +ard data is divided into four sections which are outlined below. a) *he first part consists of four columns,

.
. .

*he first +olumn contains the time for identifying when the utterance is quoted. *he second column contains the type of speech act. *he third column show>s the intention and function of the speech act

b) *he second part is speech that is natural. c) *he third section analy/es the form of speech.

d" *elling the story what is make the utterance said.

F.

Te%hni@ue o/ An'l)Ain* D'('

44

In this research the researcher studied the document it self in order that there were a relationship between the method and the technique. *he researcher used study of documents in the technique, in other words, the researcher collected the data from the source above. *he other reason was document is one of good data which provide better form of information and can help ground a study in its conte t !Hrienkielet al & #$$L & ,J$". After collecting data, the writer analy/ed the data with several steps of processing the data. Analysis :ata is the stage after the data was collected. In analy/ing the data the researcher used a pragmatic analysis of language analysis is based on the view point of 7ragmatic !Searle, 'IFI". *his analysis seeks to find the good intentions of speakers e pressed the utterances reversed speech. *he method used in this study is the identification method. *he method is carried out by means of a set of speech acts based on the characteristics of the type of variation in speech acts. *he analysis was done by identifying the type of variation in the speech acts *om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$# video. *he identification is based activities repeatedly interpret depth. *he help identify variations in interpretations of speech acts are used in the speech of social interaction. Hrom these circumstances a speech containing a series of variations in speech acts. *hen, by focusing on the conte t of each group the conversation focused and in.depth analysis by looking for similarities between the languages that are found languages use variations of the background of the speech act. After conducting an analysis of data researchers recapitali/e speech variations based on the dominant narrative in the *om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$# video. G. Me(hod o/ P&esen(in* The Resul( o/ D'('

45

*he result of analysis datas in this research is presened by using the informal method. *his method is a formed by the usual words contains the details of data analysis. *he informal technique is used for describing the variations or kinds of speech act according to the modus of utterance such as, representative, declarative, e pressive, commisive, and directive, then according to the power of utterance such as, lokutionay act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act of the dialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey in the 0prah 1infrey show.

CHAPTER I=

46

RE0EARCH FINDING0 AND DI0CU00ION *his chapter presents finding and discussion of the researchB it investigates main point which stated in 5*om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@ video as conte analysis. *his part analy/es conte t cooprative principle and implicature in conversation the function of the dialogue which related to the problem of the research. A. Rese'&%h Findin*s *here are two findings investigated from this studyB Hirstly, speech act utterancecontained on 5*om +ruise . *he 0prah Interview #$$#@ videohave the effects to the sense of the sentence. Secondly, there are some functions of speech act which is mostly used by 0prah 1infrey and *om +ruise when they were talking in the 0prah 1infrey Show in asking question and making a statement or an answering have their conte tual meaning or another meaning which cannot be assumed whether pragmatically. $. The Kinds o/ s-ee%h '%( ,hi%h Co++onl) %on('ined in (he di'lo*ue be(,een To+ C&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e) in (he O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho, Appendi # displaying the kinds of speech act in dialogue video according to location of the speech in the video, it shows the kinds of speech act in the utterance form. *he speech act e actly classified to be three forms and in the dialogue. *he chart and table below shows the numbers of types of speech act utterances which are stated in the dialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey. In this finding, there are J, utterance were found in the dialogue which are stated in many forms. *he first chart below shows the numbers of kinds of speech !variation" with classification of the speech act completely. T'ble 6.$
46

47

The 'n'l)sis o/ (he '+oun( o/ (he s-ee%h '%( v'&i'(ion B2inds4 in (he di'lo*ue be(,een To+ C&uise 'nd O-&'h. Kinds o/ 0-ee%h '%( Lo%u(ion Repressentative Illo%u(ion Directive Illo%u(ion Commisive Illo%u(ion Expressive Illo%u(ion Declarative Illo%u(ion Pe&lo%u(ion To('l '. Lo%u(ion'&) '%( $. Ph'(i% No T'ble& ' Ti+e &43<=7 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locutionary act !phatic" Fun%(ion +apability '( !6 % '# , A+oun( 'F #L F

5+arbonara@ As an illocutionary forced *his is an answer of 0prah.*om question about the cooking. Its mean *o said <okely that he can make it better event perfect. +hronology of utterance& 1hile 0prah is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. *he table ' e plains that in the L#.,I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a kind of phatic locutinary act. *he function is to inform

48

*om>s capability in making +arbonara. *he utterance is causeb by 1hile 0prah is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. . Phone(i% No T'ble& # Ti+e & (&#I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !phonetic" Fun%(ion E pressing

6 ........ he is nodding yes ..... 6 Hron this utterance 0prah inteded to e press that there is something what to convey by *om through the vanilla +hronology of utterance& 0prah is saying to the audience by discriminating *om in e plaining the truth of vanilla sky. *he table # e plains that in the (.#I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a kind of phonetic locution. It is intended to e press the 0prah>s satisfaction toward *om cruise and the audience. *he utterance happened because of 0prah is saying to the audience by discriminating *om in e plaining the truth of vanilla sky.

No T'ble& L Ti+e ''&'F Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7honetic Fun%(ion

Looking after Locutions 5Cou know I like to think of myself as a good father and ....... =

49

*he utterance is a statement in recognition of *om as a good father. *his statement locution helpless because there is no element to influence 0prah, but rather information when it becomes a father himself. +hronology of utterance& *he table L e plains that in the ''.'F minutes is the utterance what is said by *om as a phonetic locutionary act and the function is for looking after about him self. *he chronologhy is *om responses the oprah question about keep knowing the issue from the children. No T'ble& , Ti+e L$&L' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

Intending !7honetic" *09 & sure I could it happen....... *his is an illocutionary force of 0prah question in the time L$.$%. *om answer as locutionary act that he stated it could be happen. *here is no an influence in *om>s utterance. +hronology of utterance & 0prah asking the possibilities of *om>s attitude. *he table , e plains that in the L$.L' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as kind of phonetic locutionary act and the function is to ask *om>s intention. *he utterance is caused by 0prah asking the possibilities of *om>s attitude. No T'ble& % Ti+e Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Fun%(ion

50

L,&$%

Locution !phonetict"

E pressing her mind

5i got it@ 0prah>s e pression is telling about herself that she is understood to practice it. *his is an locutionary act that has a meaning 0prah <ust tell the information of herself. +hronology of utterance& After *om described some ways to make a carbonara then 0prah e pressing herself. *he table % e plains that in the L,.$% minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a kind of phonetic locutionary act by the function is for e pressing 0prah>s mind. *he utterance caused by After *om described some ways to make a carbonara then 0prah e pressing herself. No T'ble& ( Ti+e Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !phonetic" E pressive Fun%(ion Eeady to all the concequency

L%&,$

!prouding" 5I wasn=t scared I yeah@ *om <ust appearing his e pression that he was scare. Aut this is also something what he is known. So in the other side he ready for consequency. *his is as an perlocutionary effect of 0prah attention in the minute L%.L(. +hronology of utterance& this question still in the discussion of *om climbs without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene. *he table ( e plains that in the L%.,$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a phonetic locutionary act, and the function is to sate the readiness of all consequences to being an actor. the utterance caused by the

51

question still in the discussion of *om climbs without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene. No T'ble& F Ti+e L%&,, Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

Iforming about himself !phonetic" I got my shoulder I=m a twist........ *he illocutionary forced of 0prah>s question about his hurt is answered an locutionary act' 8e <ust told that himself is written to be hurt by a director. +hronology of utterance& *om answer 0prah>s question about his hurt. *he table F e plains that in the L%.,, minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a phonetic locutionary act. *he function is to inform himself in being an actor of )anilla sky film. *he utterance is caused by *om answer 0prah>s question about his hurt. No T'ble& J Ti+e 4;<+5 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !phonetic" Fun%(ion Informing

5 yeah I=d love to ride out@ 1hile *om answer what he done. 1hile besides <ust for knowing the true hobby, this statement also means that *om is always seeking for the somthing commercial. +hronology of utterance& this question comes for asking the truth of *om in seeking sensation

52

*he table J e plains that in the L(.'F minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a phonetic locutionary act, and the function is to inform about *om>s hobby. *he cronologhy is the question comes for asking the truth of *om in seeking sensation No T'ble& I Ti+e L(&%J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !phonetic" Fun%(ion *elling himself

5I=d en<oy that how out into a challenger that I I en<oy climbing I=m not a great climber@ *om>s answer as an illocutionary forced towat 0prah question. 8e <ust replied with locutionary act. 8e <ust e plain what the type of person is in e plaining the hobby. +hronology of utterance& *om answered 0prah question in the minute L(.%#. *he table I e plains that in the L(.%J minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a phonetic locutionary act with the function is to tell himself in answering 0prah>s question about going out together in the minute L(.%#. 5. Rhe(i% No T'ble& '$ Ti+e ,.%$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !rhetic" Fun%(ion E plaining the story of the )anilla Sky film -t is tales of modern lo$e ya''''' Speech 59odern Love Story@ intends distinguish the *om +ruise>s action movie recently starred. In fact starred in many action movies.

53

+hronology of utterance& as have been shown in the previous scene that the interview or discussion at this time is about *om>s film !vanilla sky". *he table '$ e plains that in the ,.%$ minutes is the utterance what is said by *om as a kind of rhetic locution and function is to e plain the )anilla Sky film. *he speech is uttered because the shown in the previous scene that the interview or discussion at this time is about *om>s film !vanilla sky". No T'ble& '' Ti+e I&$( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !rhetic" Fun%(ion Informing

5support of life yeah and I=d rather not have the sour I thank everyone but that you know it is a part of life@ *his utterance is said by *om in oder to infrom what hi is done for preparing, and make and what have been motivated to something like this. +hronology& this is the answer of 0prah question about the e perience he must done in the time of J.,J. *he table '' e plains that in the I.$( minutes is the utterance what is said by *om as a rhetic locutionary act and intended to inform the all participant. *he utterance happened because of *om answered 0prah question about the e perience he must done in the time of J.,J. No T'ble& '# Ti+e 'L.#, Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !rhetict" Fun%(ion Information

5little ways you know there=s <ust various ways it that tear things that I

54

do for my my family my children and people outside a number are someone who is said to have been a Scientologist for fourteen years for those things are tools that I=ve used things that I=ve used in my life a tell myself and my family and my friends and other people so Spurs and that way I I en<oy that@ *his utterance is an answer to the question *om 0prah at minute 'L&$F !perlocutionary>illocutionary effect" that *om describes how he is doing to attract good attention of people, family, his children, and social life . *his statement is a. there is no intention in this states. It <ust giving information. *his can be identify as rhethic e pression. ' +hronology of utterance& in the previouse question 0prah asked *om such as denied his statement. And now this utterances figured as the habbit of what is said by *om as the happyness. *he table '# e plains that in the '.L#, minutes is the utterance what is said by *om as Locution !rhetict" and the function is to inform *om about the previouse question 0prah asked *om such as denied his statement. And now this utterances figured as the habbit of what is said by *om as the happyness. No T'ble& 'L Ti+e ##&'J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion Admission

!Ehetict" the act of the scene 5+ameron +rowe who director.general ground afterXX..yeahXXX. he really he he@ Hor a glance the utterance seems as e:pressi$e act beacuse he <ust performing what he say in an e pression. Aut the researcher clarify that is a rhetict e pression without intention to anybody. +hronology of utterance& *om answered the 0prah>s statement in the time 'I.%J.

55

*he table 'L e plains that in the ##.'J minutes is the utterance what is said by *om as rhetic locutionay act. *he utterance has a function for admitting the act of scene when *om answered the 0prah>s statement in the 'I.%J minute. No T'ble& ', Ti+e #L&'L Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

Admssion !rhetict" 5<ust kinda happened <ust can=t do it day I think it=s that that part is pretty normal@ If we looked in to the previous question to clarify *om prediction in his act. 3ow it is an illocutionary forced of 0prah question. So *om <ust admited what is he done with 7enelope +ru/. +hronology of utterance is 0prah give an induction to tom about his going to 7aring with 7enelope +ru/. *he table ', e plains that in the #L.'L minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as locution rhetic' the utterance function is adimission. And the it caused by 0prah give an induction to tom about his going to 7aring with 7enelopo +ru/. No T'ble& '% Ti+e #F&,, Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

E pressing the mind !Ehetict" 6see his shadow know I=m a leaner you do not care they=re so do not

lean forward like that but it=s what I=ve always is selling shares was a top design goodbye yesterday to effect change +ell interested in right now I=m

56

always late and they said they always say the <acket goes out 6. *his speech illustrates recognition to *om in Scene L . Eesearchers identify a flat tone in his confession there is no element of order or ask for attention <ust to e plain what he e perienced in thus situation. *his recognition categori/e as Locutionnary act . +hronology of utterance& the scene tells about *om +ruise and +ameron :ia/ were kissing each other. *he table '% e plains that in the #F.,, minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as rhetich locutionary act for e pressing the *om>s mind. Aecasu the show displayed the scene tells about *om +ruise and +ameron :ia/ were kissing each other.

No T'ble& '( Ti+e L%&#$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

Eeporting !rhetic" 5now countries or the studios <ust was done to e pand and what did they do lacked when a day at that point at a member I share in<ured they <ust didn=t say anything. I think when I say suggest what did they say and they love the sequence and I was alive@ *his is <ust a report by *om. She <ust e plain the countries without any intention to influence anybody if id done as naturally in the evironment. And much of countries done it i the studio. +hronology of utterance& *om answered 0prah question about his action in the scene without the guarantee of the company

57

*he table '( e plains that in the L%.#$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah as a rhetic locutionary act while the function is to report the company principles. *he choronology is *om answered 0prah question about his action in the scene without the guarantee of the company. No T'ble& 'F Ti+e L(&## Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution !rhetict" Fun%(ion Eespecting

5I would go@ In the responsing the offering tom <ust answer as usual. And there is not any intention to choice someonen to be a partner to go. 8e <ust e preses the rhetict and trying to respect the other. +hronology of utterance& 0prah induce *om with an offer to go to sombody to the mound !commercial". *he table 'F e plains that in the L(.## minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a rhetic locutionary act, and the function is to respect 0prah question about going to the 9ound. *he chronology of utterance is 0prah induce *om with an offer to go to sombody to the mound !commercial". No T'ble& 'J Ti+e L(&'( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Locution Fun%(ion

Ee<ecting !rhetict" 5yes get trying to convince nasa I bet they would be a good idea to have a

58

civilian. I=ll go any work up and maybe would be yeah I would go are going second I fell due to training or do whatever it takes about to go out@ *his utterance is means that *om answer as he is offered to go to somewher with someone. Actually he re<ected by the reason which is convinced to have 3asa a civilian training. *his is as locutionary act because as can be seen of the video he does not intended to affecting or influence anyone. +hronology of utterance& *om <ust tell the truth of his offerance in the 3asa civilian. *he table 'J e plains that in the L(.'( minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a rhetic locutionary act and the function is to re<ect 0prah>s assumption. the chronology of utterance& *om <ust tell the truth of his offerance in the 3asa civilian. b. Illo%u(ion'&) '%( $. Re-&esen('(ive No T'ble& 'I Ti+e ,&%F Eequesting representative Asking the right 6 ..... i don>t event know to describe it ...... do you@ *his speech refers to the scene shown in the movie which tells the story of the previous time adult love. *his action is a form of questions about the scene. +hronology of utterance& *he utterance comes from 0prah while begins the first interview to *om +ruise. Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Fun%(ion

59

*he table 'I e plains that in the ,.%F minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a representati$e illocutionary act. *he function is to ask *om>s 0pinion about the right of the film. *he utterance is caused by 0prah 1infrey when begins to the first interview to *om +ruise. No T'ble& #$ Ti+e %&', Eequest Eepresentative 6 how do you even begin to prepare for something like that 6 0prah>s speech confirms e planation intends *om +ruise in )anilla Sky that the life story of his life. *his appears as representative illocutionary act. +hronology of utterance& this is the third 0prah>s question. She asked the the *om>s daily in the story. *he table #$ e plains that in the %.', minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a representati$e illocutionary act. *he function is to ask *om habitual in the film. *he utterance is caused by the third 0prah>s question. She asked the the *om>s daily in the story. No T'ble& #' Ti+e (&%, Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7roposed Eepresentative Fun%(ion 7roposed Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Fun%(ion Asking the habbitual

so let me ask you this the right number one question.... *he agent of let in this sentence intends to ask for permission to give the question of what *om has been delivered from the previous discourse. +hronology of utterance& as tom needed 0pah start to begin the ne t question *he table #' e plains that in the (.%, minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act, and the

60

function is to propose the question. *he chronology of utterance& as tom needed 0pah start to begin the ne t question. No T'ble& ## Ti+e J&,J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eequest representative Fun%(ion +onfirmation

& 6 ...... do you believe that you have to e perience to some at this hour to appreciate the ...... 6 *he question of 0prah intended to find out whether the real life tom same as depicted in the film *he vanilla sky or not . So there is no response from *om. +hronology of utterance& aftrer the scene L whih is displayed 0prah asked *om the ne question about the prepaation of his time. *he table ## e plains that in the J.,J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a representati$e illocutionary act with the intention to confirm the *om> real life. *he chronology of utterance& aftrer the scene L whih is displayed 0prah asked *om the ne question about the prepaation of his time. No T'ble& #L Ti+e '$&%' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eeporting Eepesentative Fun%(ion Assesing

5I had read that at some point you are <ust threw out all the lawyers and said let>s settle this and move on with their lives as.......@ *he representative powerful question is intended to ask for opinions and how to overcome the problems that the situation is so comple *om. Hrom the response of the children and also the story of his divorce with his wife.

61

+hronology of utterance& 0prah is listening the reason why *om done as like those. *hen she gives an assessment. *he table #L e plains that in the '$.%' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' She indented to assess *om>s characteristic. *he utterance is caused by 0prah is listening the reason why *om done as like those. *hen she gives an assessment. No T'ble& #, Ti+e '$&,F Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative !Asking" Fun%(ion 2udgment

< ? Oprah < how do you how do you 8$e "ecause - know you@re concerned in the car was here not too long ago from long range at how do you e:plain to your children you sa$e your children when your life is on your di$orce the co$er of people maga.ine you know howdy 5 *his e pression illustrates that 0prah pass the <udgment toward *om from the statement is to <udge fom the viewpoin of concern. *he fact that in the last year he is gone out tho the party with gayle. +hronology of utterance & 0prah said she knows *om>s situation that *om concerned in the car was here not too long ago from long range at how do you e plain to your children you save your children when your life is on your divorce the cover of people maga/ine you know howdy *he table #, e plains that in the '$.,F minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a representati$e illocutionary act' She intended to <udge *om about the problem in his family. *he utterance is caused by 0prah said she knows *om>s situation that *om concerned in the car was here not too long ago from long range at how do you e plain to your children you save

62

your children when your life is on your divorce the cover of people maga/ine you know howdy

No T'ble& #% Ti+e ''&$I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eequest representative Fun%(ion suggest

51ell you know it the important thing is that we=re kids they <ust want you to be happy .......... 6 *he utterance of you know here is *om on 0prah that statement on the fact that bad things should not be conveyed to children. Its intended to making uderstading as father as usual. +hronology of utterance&. 0prah aking *om about the activity and his problem with the people arround him. *he table #% e plains that in the ''.$I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he utterance function is to suggest *om to make the children happy. *he chronology of utterance is 0prah aking *om about the activity and his problem with the people arround him. No T'ble& #( Ti+e ''&LL Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Satement Eepresentative Fun%(ion Supporting *om>s reason

6And because you=re both integrated in the children=s lives .. 6

63

0prah>s speech intends on adding reasons stated *om .?<aan is also intended to make *om feel keki that *om answers ? yeah-@m good -@m 6that he does not think like that at 0prah . +hronology of utterance& *om told the eveythings what shoul be a good father. 8e acknowledge that he is bad B he don>t want that his problem is known by the children. 8e <ust want his life hapyy with his family. *he table #( e plains that in the ''.LL minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' Its function is to support *om reason in making the children happy. *he chronology of utterance& *om told the eveythings what shoul be a good father. 8e acknowledge that he is bad B he don>t want that his problem is known by the children. 8e <ust want his life hapyy with his family. No T'ble& #F Ti+e '#&%J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Affirmative Eepresentative Fun%(ion *ype confirmation

5really - 6 Eeally mean to assert speech or ask tom he claims to sooth attitude. *his one is an affrimative e pression !representative illocutionary act" +hronology of utterance& this question comes based on the tom e planation about the happyness of *om accordance. *he table #F e plains that in the '#.$( minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to confirm the happiness according to *om>s opinion.

64

No T'ble& #J Ti+e 'L&$F Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommending !representative" Fun%(ion

Asking the *ruth 9ocking !perlocution" 5:o you like the way though dike helping people I know for a lot of women you help them today for you <ust the days in a big way*his is a question in the form denial statement of *om>s opinion about caring peopleP person. 0prah is asking the real of the opinion. *he utterance the way though dike means that 0prah analy/es there is some purposes of *om>s care. *his utterance as representative !illocitionary act" while in the addition it can be a mocking !perlocution" because many audience are laughing. +hronology of utterance& the question comes still from *om the *om> 0pinion about the happynes to respect each other. *he table #J e plains that in the 'L.$F minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act% and the function is to ask the truth of *om>s opinion. *he chronology of utterance& the question comes still from *om the *om> 0pinion about the happynes to respect each other. No T'ble& #I Ti+e 'L&,$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion acknowledged

6 ... what do you most like doing with your +hildren 6 *his question is the effect of the declarative illocutionary act which is e preesed by *om in the form of e pressive representative .

65

+hronology of utterance& the 0prah question base on the *om>s habbitual in affecting the people, family and his children *he table #I e plains that in the 'L.,$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' Its function is to know *om>s opinion in treating the children. *he chronology of utterance& the 0prah question base on the *om>s habbitual in affecting the people, family and his children No T'ble& L$ Ti+e 'L&,$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion Eequest

6 ... what do you most like doing with your +hildren 6 *his question is the effect of the declarative illocutionary act which is e preesed by *om in the form of representative . +hronology of utterance& the 0prah question base on the *om>s habbitual in affecting the people, family and his children *he table L$ e plains that in the 'L.,$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as representative assertion. *he fuction is for request. *he chronology is the 0prah question base on the *om>s habbitual in affecting the people, family and his children No T'ble& L' Ti+e ',&#' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( representative Fun%(ion requesting an opinion

5you are you what effect does that have on you at all do you do you ever think about bad about the bath then the big debate . 6

66

0prah=s question quoted above is a picture of e pressive of representative with the aim of 0pinion asks *om about the romantic scenes in a movie proficiency level . *his question is based on the concerns that made *om so scared of going to get a bad assumption. +hronology of utterance& 0prah back to the theme of interview to discuss about 5vanilla sky@. *he table L' e plains that in the ',.#' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act while the function is to request *om>s opinion about the the scene that will make a big debate. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah back to the theme of interview to discuss about 5vanilla sky@. No T'ble& L# Ti+e ',& %L Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( representative Fun%(ion +alrifying

! asserting" 58ow do you feel when you walk around you can use to it...............@ *his utterance is as illocutionar effect of the 0prah warning in the previous question. *he result *om asking the claryfying of the question. *he other analysis *om replied the e hortation 0prah by this question to make an irritate !perlocutionary act". *he result that oprah said 5- really do *ecause -@m like for you todecide on its like a row with no makeup in my flip flops at marshall fields@ !pelocutionary force" while the spectators or audiences are laughing. +hronology of utterance is that *he tom is not received the clarification of 0prah>s opinion. *he table L# e plains that in the ',.%L minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act with the

67

function to clarify the truth as a celebrity. *he chronology of utterance is that *he tom is not received the clarification of 0prah>s opinion. No T'ble& LL Ti+e 'I.%J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion

Investigating !asking" 6 going in that scene s I thought you were glowing in that scene that scene <ust what they did not remind everybody had their first kiss yeah ...@ *his utterance means asking about the opportunity what is *om got. 0prah investigate that its not every actres could not get this act. *his question also means that it was a *om>s funny action. +hronology of utterance& the fourth scene tells about *om>s kissing with 7enelope +ru/. *he table LL e plains that in the 'I.%J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act with the function is for investigating *om>s action with 7enelope +ru/ in kissing each other. *he chronology of utterance& the fourth scene tells about *om>s kissing with 7enelope +ru/.

No T'ble& L, Ti+e L$&$# 07EA8 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion +onfirmation the

!Statement" habbitual & so do you feel like you have everything figured out my

68

camera and says *he oprah utterance is oprah statement. Its mean to ask *om>s habbitual on the scene. And *om answer 5well i0m +hronology of utterance& 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene. *he table L, e plains that in the L$.$# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to confirm *om>s habitual in the )anilla Sky movie. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene. No T'ble& L% Ti+e L$&%$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eeprersentative Fun%(ion

Acknowledging !question" 5 can you be tough do you get mad@ *he 0prah>s question means to asking the ability of mad. *hen also means that *om>s power to avoid to don>t be mad. *his is the utterance of illocutionary act. +hronology of utterance& the utterance comes from *om>s acknowledgment about to be a nice guy before. *hen 0prah questing this. *he table L% e plains that in the L$.%# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to acknowledge the things that will happened in *om>s characteristic. +hronology of utterance& the utterance comes from *om>s acknowledgment about to be a nice guy before. *hen 0prah questing this. No T'ble& L(

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Ti+e 43'==

Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative

Fun%(ion *o ask the capability

!Eequest" and make a demo 5what the best thing you cook@ 0prah utterance is a statement its mean for asking the *om>s talent in cooking. *his is an illocutionary act. +hronology of utterance& 1hile 0prah is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. *he table L( e plains that in the L#.,, minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to make a demo in showing *omBs capability. *he chronology is. while 0prah is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. No T'ble& LF Ti+e 43<A3 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative !ordering" Fun%(ion Affirmation

5do you make a Haults@ 0prah question is asking the mistake of *om practice. *houhg it can be mentioned as actually she don>t trust him to make it without any proofs. +hronology of utterance& oprah asking the way of cooking carbonara while some participants and anlso 0prah are laughing. *he table LF e plains that in the L#.%# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of representati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to affirm *om>s capability. +hronology of utterance& oprah asking the way of cooking carbonara while some participants and anlso 0prah are laughing.

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No T'ble& LJ Ti+e LL.$( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion

E plainingP informing !having a notion" 5yeah start a little garlic oil................@ *his utterance is an illoctionary forced of the previouse question in LL.$' that he is asked to e plain how to make a carbonara as *om>s version. 1hile *om starting to make an description to make it. +hronology of utterance& all the audiences are laughing and *om is asked to e plain the way to make a carbonara to the audience. And he is e plaing the ways to make it. *he table LJ e plains that in the LL.$( minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as /epresentati$e !having a notion" by the function to e plain or informing how to make a good +arbonara. Aecause all the audiences are laughing and *om is asked to e plain the way to make a carbonara to the audience. And he is e plaing the ways to make it. No T'ble& LI Ti+e L%&'L Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepersentatif Fun%(ion Asking the guarantee of

!having a notion" the company 5possible did that start himself and actually didn=t tell the company@ 0prah did not only asked about *om>s acting by himself in the sceneB

also she asked why the company did not do such as giving an instrument of climbing in oder to make an actor safe. +hronology of utterance& *om climb without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene.

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*he table LI e plains that in the L%.'L minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of representati$e 2ha$ing a notion,' *he function is to guarantee of the company in climbing without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene. No T'ble& ,$ Ti+e L%&,$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentatif Fun%(ion

Affirmation !Tuestion" 5 you said you actually hurt your shoulder@ *he indirec question comes from oprah that she affirmed tom was an accident. Especially in his shoulder. +hronology of utterance& in the iterviewing the 9ission Impossible !9I#" oprah asked tom some accident. Aut she discusse the *om>s action as general. *he table ,$ e plains that in the L%.,$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as /epresentatif 2Buestion, an the function is to affirm *om in the iterviewing the 9ission Impossible !9I#" oprah asked tom some accident. Aut she discusse the *om>s action as general. No T'ble& ,' Ti+e L(&$I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Eepresentative Fun%(ion

2ustification !statement" 5well and we like tom is a bit of a thrill seeker we hear he flies is on plain tees race cars now says he would love to go to the moon and climb 9ount Everest with you

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*he 0prah statement is a represntative question means that she is asking the thruth of his hobby in seeking a sensation. *his form is an indirectness question of illocutionary act. +hronology of utterance& 0prah asking the *om>s hobby in seeking a sensation.*his one is still included in the interview of 9I# *he table ,' e plains that in the L(.$I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as /epresentati$e 2statement, by the function is for a <ustification in 0prah asking the *om>s hobby in seeking a sensation.*his one is still included in the interview of 9I#. . Di&e%(ive No T'ble& ,# Ti+e ,&'F Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommanded directive Fun%(ion 0rder to silence

.. 6 ah <ust a grown women act cra/y now 6 *his is a form of 0prah steatment that most of the audience present at the event was women. *his state aims to order the audience to silence. +hronology of utterance & *he audiences are screaming the coming of *om cruise, til 0prah felt hard to begin the interview because of the situation is nois. *he table ,# e plains that in the ,.'F minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a directi$e illocutionary act and function is ordering the audience to silence. *he utterance is 6 ah <ust a grown women act cra/y now 6. and the chronology is *he audiences are screaming the coming of *om cruise, til 0prah felt hard to begin the interview because of the situation is nois. No T'ble& ,L

73

Ti+e (&L%

Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :irrective !request"

Fun%(ion E pressing recognition

5... i want to meet you know you=re talking here hoping yeah.@ *his utterance bermaksud untuk e plain the bias things toward *om action on the 5vanilla sky film@ , and indirectly he asked 0prah to clear the biases with som questions. +hronology of utterance& this is the still on the fourth question area. *om e plain what he did in the previous will not be a bias assumption. And now is the opportunity to make it clear. *he table ,L e plains that in the (.L% minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a directi$e illocutionary act and the function is to e press *om>s recognition of 0prah> question in the minute (&L%. *he chronology of utterance& this is the still on the fourth question area. *om e plain what he did in the previous will not be a bias assumption. And now is the opportunity to make it clear. No T'ble& ,, Ti+e ''&$J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommandng Fun%(ion

Suggest directive = Cou can be awake keep them from knowing ... 6 *his speech is a directive to the power demand with *om. Aut on the other hand, this speech is not in order to e pose the children.. +hronology of utterance& *his comes from *om>s life of the divorce, and the cover of people maga/ine you know howdy *he table ,, e plains that in the ''.$J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of directi$e illocutionary act' She intended

74

to suggest *om for hiding his problem from the children. *he chronology of utterance& *his comes from *om>s life of the divorce, and the cover of people maga/ine you know howdy No T'ble& ,% Ti+e '#. $( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Suggest Fun%(ion

7ublishing the movie :irective 6now if you have not seen it I know you=ll be seeing it as a :ecember Hourteenth6 *his speech is an e pressive directive to *om. *here is a command element that is 6 you=ll be seeing it as 'P', :ecember 6 so that it is categori/ed as a follow ee pression directive illocution. 0n the other side of this utterance is information the audience or listeners who are watching the dialogue. +hronology of utterance & 0prah 1infrey discusses the )anilla sky movie. She praised the director of the film !writter of )anilla sky movie". *he table ,% e plains that in the '#.$( minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of directi$e illocutionary act% and the function is to publish the coming time of film in the theater. No T'ble& ,( Ti+e LL&$' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :irective Fun%(ion

Sharing !commanding" 5what do you do doing here-@ *he 0prah>s question is to a clarify *om>s ability. Its mean 0prah believed tom and actually she order to share the information of the ways to make a carbonara.

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+hronology of utterance& all the audiences are laughing and *om is asked to e plain the way to make a carbonara to the audience. *he table ,( e plains that in the LL.$' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a :irective !commanding" the function is for Sharing. *he chronology of utterance& all the audiences are laughing and *om is asked to e plain the way to make a carbonara to the audience.

No T'ble& ,F Ti+e L,&$( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :irective Fun%(ion

+ompleting !command" 5then what you do is you take your oil and the baking.......@ *his utterance is not only giving the information but also ecommanded how to make a carbonara perfect. *hen as illocutionary forced all the paticipant in the show are applousing. +hronology of utterance& *om describe the last way hot to make it !carbonara" perfect. *he table ,F e plains that in the L,.$( minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a kind of directi$e commanding' *he function is to complete the description of the last way hot to make it !carbonara" perfect. No T'ble& ,J Ti+e LF&,% Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :irective !commanding" Fun%(ion *o reali/e

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5put it back said@ *his is a direction to *om for keeping his word. And this one is a command !illocutionary act" +hronology of utterance& the utterance comes from *om>s opinion about himself. *herefore 0prah asking the truth of his life. *he table ,J e plains that in the LF.,% minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of directi$e 2commanding, by the function is to command in reali/ing the *om>s 0pinion about himself. 5. Co++isive No T'ble& ,I Ti+e (&L' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommisive.0ffering Fun%(ion +larifying

6 ........ is what you want people to leave with the theater with a lot of questions ..... 6 *his statement is an utterance from 0prah.*om that figured the situation which will be worst !unpredictible". Ait in the other said oprah 0ffers somthing to be present about 5the vanilla sky@ +hronology of utterance& the fourth question by 0prah is 5what you want people to lea$e theater with a lot of &uestion' *he question is because of *om>s e planation about the preparation when he was actually in theater of 5vanilla sky@ *he table ,I e plains that in the (.L' minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a commisi$e illocutionary act% and the function is to clarify *om>s position. *he chronology of utterance is the fourth question by 0prah is 5what you want people to lea$e theater with a lot of &uestion' *he question is because of *om>s e planation about the preparation when he was actually in theater of 5vanilla sky@

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No T'ble& %$ Ti+e (.,I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommisive !7romising" Fun%(ion Asking the ready

5.... you will be sitting there at the table... yes you got watering....-@ *his utterance is asking *om that 0prah will offer some unpredictible question and it seem hard. +hronology of utterance& 0prah guesses that *om wants the people the original date when the film published. *he table %$ e plains that in the (.,I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a commisi$e illocutionary act% and the function is to ask the readiness of all consequences standing in the show. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah guesses that *om wants the people the original date when the film published. No T'ble& %' Ti+e & #(&LJ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7romise Fun%(ion

Appointment +ommisive & 6 I ne t *om +ruise says what is the best compliment you could ever get him you=d be surprised about you . we=ll be right back 6 0prah uttered this statement is a type of illocutionary speech act. Speech is intended to inform. *here is definitely an element that offers information subsequently conveyed to all e isting participant at home and in the studio . So that in it there are elements of promise . *his e pression is the type of commisive illocutionary act.

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+hronology of utterance& the section of forth scenes is over and 0prah intended to gotothe ne t discussion. *he table %' e plains that in the #(.LJ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of commisi$e illocutionary act' *he function is to make an appointment that 0prah will be back with phenomenal question in interviewing *om. *he chronology of utterance& the section of forth scenes is over and 0prah intended to gotothe ne t discussion. No T'ble& %# Ti+e L'&#( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommisive Fun%(ion *o ensure *om>s statement

!7romising" 5you know I can be tough but to but to it=s also for you know if people

you know when you like with anything you have to be here I=m producing worries I=m a father I=m are businessman also so there=s times but but I liked it to not someone who in <uries critici/ing people but are but in a constructive way that that helps them I always try to put it in terms have a things that they can use and positive way and I <ust berating them for the point 0 you know making them feel bad and doing I i get no@ *he last speech of *om is a statement that *om confirmation to 0prah that he praises to his parents he will not make the dissapointed. *his is intended to ensure 0prah about *om>s statement.

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+hronology of utterance& 0prah asking the habbitual which is done by *om in restaraining the emosion. *he table %# e plains that in the L'.#( minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocution' *he function is to ensure *om>s statement about to be a kindness people. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah asking the habbitual which is done by *om in restaraining the emosion. No T'ble& %L Ti+e L#&%I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( +ommisive Fun%(ion

Eeli/ing !promising" now come and i know i i=d make it fresh it shipped there I make a fresh *his is an illocutionary forced of 50pra question@ that the utterance

5i>d make it fresh@ is to proove that he can do as well as possible then the word of 5shipped@ is to share his compatiblity to audiences. +hronology of utterance& because of oprah did not believed that tom can cook. *he table %L e plains that in the L#.%I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of +ommisive !promising". *he function is for reli/ing. *he chronology of utterance& because of oprah did not believed that tom can cook. 6. E3-&essive No T'ble& %, Ti+e %&L' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( *hanking E pressive Fun%(ion 7raising

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6 yeah you here 6 *his is the act of speech *om 0prah that proposed with perlocutionary act to break the ice in the interview event... +hronology of utterance& this is the reply of *om for an interesting too in answering the third question. *he table %, e plains that in the %.L' minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as an e:pressi$e illocutionary act% and the function is to prais 0prah in the interview. *he utterance is caused by the reply of *om for an interesting too in answering the third question. No T'ble& %% Ti+e J&$J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( E pressive !thangking"P perlocution !pleasan" & 6 ...... that great because you guys ...... 6 *his utterance is to make a thank by 0prah to the audience who have been participate. In the other side this means to asking the applause from the audience, and this is as perlocutionary act' +hronology of utterance& 0prah ended the first interview of the beginning. *hen 0prah greeted the audience *he table %% e plains that in the J.$J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' 0prah intended to greet the audience. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah ended the first interview of the beginning. *hen 0prah greeted the audience No T'ble& %( Ti+e J&,' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7raised E pressive Fun%(ion 7raise Fun%(ion Greeting

6 I love that scene about Cou ... 6

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*his speech is a tribute e pression by 0prah to *om on the scene L showed before. It>s meant that 0prah known all spe specific act of the film +hronology& *he show is displaying the scene of 5vanilla sky@ then 0prah stated her appreciation. *he table %( e plains that in the J.$J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as an e:pressi$e illocutionary act with the intention to praise *om about the scene. *he utterance comes because *he show is displaying the scene of 5vanilla sky@ then 0prah stated her appreciation. No T'ble& %F Ti+e '$&'# Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :issapoted e pressive Fun%(ion Asking the attention

6 ........ She is someone you know a rough. In this statement he describes his disappointment with his wife !in the )anillla sky" who was in the family relationships would not last long. +hronology of utterance& *om describes everything about the Gayle and the relationship in neigbourdood and also the contract between the mother and children story. *he table %F e plains that in the '$.'# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e pressive illocutionary act' *he function is to ask the Gayle attention in the )anilla Sky. *he chronology of utterance& *om describes everything about the Gayle and the relationship in neigbourdood and also the contract between the mother and children story.

No T'ble& %J

82

Ti+e ''&%F

Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( !commended" e pressive

Fun%(ion Giving appreciation

& 6writer and that=s a weak ass trick ......... 6 0prah statement in response to the reason of *om +ruise. *he sentence of praising to the director who was created the impressive film. +hronology of utterance& the 0prah e pression is shadowing the 5scene between :avid ames and +ameron : on the car@. 8er act made the audience giving applause. *he table %J e plains that in the ''.%F minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he utterance function is to honor the writer in making the story of vanilla sky. *his is caused by the 0prah e pression is shadowing the 5scene between :avid ames and +ameron : on the car@. 8er act made the audience giving applause. No T'ble& %I Ti+e ',&$' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( e pressive Fun%(ion 9ake an attention

!praising" & 6 0prah & how all that stuff it there are you I <ust talking and are you aware of the fact you know your fortress you name the most but whatever celebrity and the entire universe on the planet. sorry are you- 6 0prah glances this is a form of speech of illocutionary act conveyed to *om +uise with this type of request . Aut that made the difference in this utterance is the word 6 sorry 6 indication that there is an element of attention 0prah to *om . viewed from the conte t of his question *om is positioned as a famous person . So she e presses his praising. the indication of its

83

researchers identified as a form of e pressive act that tom is a celebity. +hronology of utterance& 0prah told verything as *om possition, in the helping or affecting his belonging related to the previous questions about the charity. And now she tells *om as his position. *he table %I e plains that in the ',.$' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as an e pressive. praising for making intention. *he utterance is caused by 0prah told verything as *om possition, in the helping or affecting his belonging related to the previous questions about the charity. And now she tells *om as his position. No T'ble& ($ Ti+e ',&$' Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( e pressive Fun%(ion 9ake an attention

!praising" & 6 0prah & how all that stuff it there are you I <ust talking and are you aware of the fact you know your fortress you name the most but whatever celebrity and the entire universe on the planet. sorry are you- 6 0prah glances this is a form of speech of illocutionary act conveyed to *om +uise with this type of request . Aut that made the difference in this utterance is the word 6 sorry 6 indication that there is an element of attention 0prah to *om . viewed from the conte t of his question *om is positioned as a famous person . So she e presses his praising. the indication of its researchers identified as a form of e pressive act that tom is a celebity. +hronology of utterance& 0prah told verything as *om possition, in the helping or affecting his belonging related to the previous questions about the charity. And now she tells *om as his position. *he table ($ e plains that in the ',.$' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he function

84

is to make an intention to *om>s position as the celebrity. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah told verything as *om possition, in the helping or affecting his belonging related to the previous questions about the charity. And now she tells *om as his position. No T'ble& (' Ti+e 'I&%% Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( E pressive Fun%(ion

Appreciation !*hanking" 60kay thank you.@ *his speech was intended as a tributing and thanking form 0prah to

*om and spectators who have witnessed the scene into two. *he thanking e pression is to appreciate the spectators, while they iflunced as illocutionary force by giving applouse. +hronology of utterance& the show displayed the story of nancy and the fourth scenes. *he table (' e plains that in the 'I.%% minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he function is to appreciate *om>s action in the scene. *he chronology of utterance& the show displayed the story of nancy and the fourth scenes.

No T'ble& (# Ti+e #F&%% 5but it=s okay6 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( E pressive !praising" Fun%(ion soothing

85

*his speech is an act of Illocitionary statement in #F.,, minutes, even if in reality it does not mean *om +ruise, but as e plained in the theory in +hapter II that perlocutionary can act committed intentionally or unlicensed. *his has been the impact to e press the praise 0prah to *om. 0prah utterance is kind E pressive speech. +hronology of utterance& after *om e pressed his mind toward the scene with cameron dia/ 0prah present *om her care. *he table (# e plains that in the #F.%% minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he function is to soothing in responding *om>s action in the third scene. *he chronology of utterance is after *om e pressed his mind toward the scene with cameron dia/ 0prah present *om her care. No T'ble& (L Ti+e #F&%I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( E pressive Fun%(ion ama/ed

!statement" 6but that was that was quite a scene with +ameron :ia/ and *om +ruise from )anilla Sky6 *he by 0pah to *om=s is part of a statement from the scene to the ne t three. In this case a statement e pressing 0pah>s e pressive types with the intent to e press a sense of awe as these scenes are so intimate. +hronology of utterance& 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene. *he table (L e plains that in the #F.%I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he function is to ama/e tom when in the scene with +ameron :ia/. *he chronology of utterance is 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene.

86

No T'ble& (, Ti+e L'&L% Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( e pressive Fun%(ion 7raising

!congrulating" 5well I read that the greatest compliment that anybody could give to you is to say

that you are your mother son. that true-@ *his is an illocutionary force of *om>s commisive performance. 8e foces 0prah with giving an assesment that he trully loves his parents. *hen *om replied 5yes and the respectors are applausing. +hronology of utterance& 0prah asking the habbitual which is done by *om in restaraining the emosion. *he table (, e plains that in the L'.#( minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of e:pressi$e illocutionary act' *he function is to praise *om as a good father. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah asking the habbitual which is done by *om in restaraining the emosion.

No T'ble& (% Ti+e L(&%# Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( E pressive Fun%(ion

Assesing !concluting" 5:id you would you climb 9ount Everest would you have but the work that it takes to do it you would want to do that too-@

87

0prah>s question is to identify which work that *om wanted. Its mean that she guess what he <ust choose the work which is available to the hobby. +hronology of utterance& 0prah question is according to *om>s e planation he want to be. *he table (% e plains that in the L(.%# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as e:pressi$e 2concluding, by the function is to asses *om>s desired !hobby". Aecause 0prah question is according to *om>s e planation he wants to be. 9. DECLARATI=E No T'ble& (( Ti+e J.$# Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :eclarative !annoucing" Fun%(ion Informating

6 ok it coming up love you are waiting backstageis about to get a dream come true will talk to *om .......6 *he 0prah>s offering to the audience for do not go anywhere in participating the show. she means to make a promisse some thing that more interrest in the ne t. +hronology of utterance& the discussion of 0pening section is end. *he table (( e plains that in the J.$# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of declarati$e illocutionary act. It has a function to inform the audiences that the show will be break first. *he chronology of utterance is the discussion of 0pening section is end. No T'ble& (F Ti+e Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Fun%(ion

88

!telling" 6*om +ruise here got the shock of a life time this was fun for us the fuck is this@ *his speech intends to announce a surprise that was in 0prah 1infrey Show about the audience who get special invitations. *his utterance is identified as a ddeclarative. 1ith a view to tell home about *om +ruise fans. +hronology of utterance& 0prah tell the *om>s fans who is observed by 0prah>s team in the last week. *he table (F e plains that in the ',.%' minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of declarati$e illocutionary act' *he function is to announce *om and all the audience that *om got fans. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah tell the *om>s fans who is observed by 0prah>s team in the last week.

',&%'

:eclarative

Announcing

No T'ble& (J Ti+e ##&'J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :eclarative Fun%(ion

*elling an information !announcing" 5this is what she shared see *om@ *his utterance is meant by 0prah to tell what will she said by

7enelope +ru/ ! as +ameron +row in the )anilla sky". *his is as declarative act. *here are the proven and announcement to what tom is said in e plain about +ameron +row, and an information to all audiences.

89

+hronology of utterance& 0prah will display the 7enelope +ru/>s opinion based on the tom e planation abaout his statement in the previous. *he table (J e plains that in the ##.'J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of declarati$e illocutionary actdeclarati$e illocutionary act by the function is to tell the information according to 7enelope +ru/. *he chronology of utterance is 0prah will display the 7enelope +ru/>s opinion based on the tom e planation abaout his statement in the previous. No T'ble& (I Ti+e LF&%J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( :eclarative Fun%(ion

0rder the audiences. !announcing" 5questions for *om....................@ *his question is an announcement for all audience in the 0prah 1infrey show. She intended to give a chance to audience who want to ask *om. In the function it can be defined as an order. +hronology of utterance& the time fo interview will be ended in a minnute. As the usual of 0prah 1infrey show is there a chance or the opportunity to make a question section for the audience. *he table (I e plains that in the LF.%J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as declarati$e 2announcing,' *he function of utterance is to order the audience for making a question. Aecause the usual of 0prah 1infrey show is there a chance or the opportunity to make a question section for the audience. %. Pe&lo%u(ion'&) '%( No T'ble& F$

90

Ti+e %&',

Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution

Fun%(ion Induction

6okay good i tell me much though yeah6 *his figure of speech is a follow up question to tom cruise 0prah with the persuasiveve e pression that *om describes the scene in more detail. *hen *om answer 5no !laughing" +hronology of utterance& *om>s e plaining which is not ended with croped by 0prah in a sudden. *he table F$ e plains that in the %.', minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of perlocutionary act' *he function is to induct *om in giving information about the )anilla sky movie. *he chronology of utterance is *om>s e plaining which is not ended with croped by 0prah in a sudden.

No T'ble& F' Ti+e %&#J Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Induce perlocution Fun%(ion Affirmation

6you complete me 6 0prah>s speech confirms e planation intends *om +ruise in )anilla Sky that the life story of his life with 2erry=s help each other. +hronology of utterance& In e plining the habbit *om is catched by 0prah with the slowly sound. It seem as an attention for make an interesting. *he table F' e plains that in the %.#J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infre as a kind of prelocutionary act with the function is to affirm *om in discussing the scene with 2erry. *he chronology of utterance&

91

In e plining the habbit *om is catched by 0prah with the slowly sound. It seem as an attention for make an interesting. No T'ble& F# Ti+e F&LJ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Affirmative perlocution Fun%(ion asking the opinion

51here you think-@ *his is a speech that is intended to check the question 0prah>s statement, why would he think to talk like that. 0ne side of the utterance intends to ask an advice. +hronology of utterance& 0prah guessed some e planation about the character of :avis Ames. *he table F# e plains that in the F.LJ minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a kind of affirmati$e perlocution' *he function is to ask 0prah 1infrey>s guess toward :avid>s characteristic. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah guessed some e planation about the character of :avis Ames. .No T'ble& FL Ti+e I&'L Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( perlocution !7ersuading" Fun%(ion 7ersuading

5 were you surprised *om at all I mean I know you know@ *he word 5suprise all i mean -s attended to *om>s problem in the life. *his utterance intented to the previous question. *he 0prah utterance is to persuade what he is facing. *here is a ma im e cactly &el'(ionshi- @ues(ion which is not relevan to the *able !..." when 0prah asked 5do you *elie$e that you ha$e to

92

e:perience to some at this hour to appreciate . while the answer in not complete. 0prah wished more opinion of the opinion. +hronology& 0prah tells the truth the chronology of film what was happened. And displaying the picture of *om cruise meeting with the Gayle as a personal business. *he table FL e plains that in the I.'L minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a a kind of persuading perlocutionary' *he function is to persuade *om to tell the relationship truth with Gayle. *he chronology is 0prah tells the truth the chronology of film what was happened. And displaying the picture of *om cruise meeting with the Gayle as a personal business. No T'ble& F, Ti+e '#.$, Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( !pleasant" Fun%(ion

9ake a soothing 7erlocution 61hat is happines......... 6 0prah question for a <oking *om in discussing the scene related to the

life. Sactually she do not intended to ask the awere. 1hile *om getting reaction of 0prah terament !illocutionary forces" with the answer 5i lo$e you i lo$e you i lo$e you +hronology of utterance& *he 0prah question is reflected by the scene !giggling". Aeside it most the audience is giving applause. *he table F, e plains that in the '#.$, minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of pleasant perlocutionary act' *he function is to make soothing *om as in the character in the )anilla sky movie. *he chronology of utterance& *he 0prah question is reflected by the scene !giggling". Aeside it most the audience is giving applause.

93

No T'ble& F% Ti+e '#&#I Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution !induce" Fun%(ion *o know

5how do you answer that question in Europe real estate and life .....@ *his question comes chronology of intimate scenes between *om and cameron :ia/ in )anilla Sky .this question in sampakan to *om *om to find love . *he researchers identified as pelocution act with stimulation e pressi toward the scene so that it appears the response 6okay you know this this &uestions come up , , , , 6 presented by *om . +hronology of utterance& *his utterance come after the scene in the ''.%I, then 0prah asking daily of Europan perceptions in happiness. *he table F% e plains that in the '#.#I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of induction perlocutionary act' *he function is to know *om>s opinion about the Europe real life. *he +hronology is the utterance utterance come after the scene in the ''.%I, then 0prah asking daily of Europan perceptions in happiness. No T'ble& F( Ti+e ',&'# Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7elocution Fun%(ion 7raising

!pleasant" 5as you are now president..... ah 6 *his speech is the illocutionary force of the question 0prah in ',&$' minutes. *his speech of *om>s kidding intends to 0prah as a reply from the effect what 0prah asked. +hronology of utterance& *om replied 0prah question in the time of ',.$'. *he table F( e plains that in the ',.'# minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a kind of pleasant perlocutionary act' pleasant

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perlocutionary act' *he function is to praise 0prah as hat she wan to be. *he chronology of utterance& *om replied 0prah question in the time of ',.$' minute.

No T'ble& FF Ti+e ',& %$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution Fun%(ion 1arnig

!insist" 5 it does still-... after all this time...............@ *his utterance comes fom 0prah to ensure *om>s statement in getting the surprise by the !srtick rhime". Its mean that 0prah is asking the the possibilies of tom cruise position- As real that sometimes we never getting what we want, what we think, and indirecness 0prah is asking about it 5that sometime we did not be appreciated though we ar an actris. *he utterance can be part of perlocutionay act. +hronology of utterance is that *he tom>s opinnion that he fells 0k and so many gentle in the live because he is an actris. *he table FF e plains that in the ',.%$ minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of insist illocutionary act' *he function is to warn *om>s position as celebrity. *he chronology of utterance is that *he tom>s opinnion that he fells 0k and so many gentle in the live because he is an actris. No T'ble& FJ Ti+e Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( Fun%(ion

95

#$&$J

clarification !persuading" 5you know it=s gonna be it=s gonna be big...........@ *he e pression is an illocutionary act. *he 0prah>s uterrence is to clarify what happend to*om with 7enepole +ru/. Ay persuading e pression to clarify what is be the fact according to the scene. Aecause if it is not claryfied it will be a big problem !public speech" +hronology of utterance& *he show displayed tom activity about *om +ruise and 7enelope +ru/ that they were going out to a party. *he table FJ e plains that in the #$.$J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of persuading illocutionary act' *he function is to clarify the relation between 7enelope +ru/. *he *he table F( e plains that in the ',.'# minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey. *he hronology of utterance& *he show displayed tom activity about *om +ruise and 7enelope +ru/ that they were going out to a party. No T'ble& FI Ti+e #J.$$ Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution Fun%(ion ama/ed soothing

7erlocution

!shaming" 6 did you think so shoes for you play cu/ there is that moment where you now she is cra/y yeah I=m in trouble6 *his is the statement of illocutionary act to make a soothing,and then the all the participant of 0prah 1infrey show are laughing +hronology of utterance& 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene. *he table FI e plains that in the #$.$J minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a shamed perlocutionary act' *he function is to

96

ama/e *om I discussing fifth scene. *he chronology of utterance& 0prah ne t opinion to the *om>s performance in the fifth scene.

No T'ble& J$ Ti+e &43<AC Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution Fun%(ion

*o ask the honor !pleasant" 5we don=t e pect any carbon my spaghetti carbonara i think is the best

carbonara@ *his is an utterance intended to all paticipant. *om means making a <oke in aswering 0prah question about the capability. 1hile this is a perloctuionay act and so the responses are the participans are laughing and giving applouse !perlocutionary effect". +hronology of utterance& 1hile 0prah is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. *he table J$ e plains that in the L#.%$ minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a kind of pleasant perlocutionary act' 8e intended to ask the honor of his capability in making a +arbonara. *he utterance comes because 0prah 1infrey is asking the habbit to *om> mother she ask *om>s ability in a suddent. No T'ble& J' Ti+e L%&L( Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution Fun%(ion 1orrying

!attention" 5okay so it wasn=t that hard to do were you scared@

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Aesides e pressing the attention, 0prah apprehensive about *om to do that. 0prah do as a perlocutionary act in e pressing her utterance. +hronology of utterance& this question still in the discussion of *om climbs without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene. *he table J' e plains that in the L%.L( minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as an attention perlocutionary act' *his act is for worrying *om>s condition in discussing climbing stage. *he chronology of utterance& this question still in the discussion of *om climbs without several instrument of climbing such as displayed on the scene. No T'ble& J# Ti+e 4A<A7 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution !7rouding" Fun%(ion <oking

5yes yeah I=m an actor@ *his utterence is stated by *om to 7roud himself as an actor, while he intended to make a <oke. An also 0prah and the audiences are laughing. +hronology of utterance& this act comes from firstly to answer 0prah question about the hurt on *om>s shoulder, then suddenly *om make a prouding as himself. *he table J# e plains that in the L%.%I minutes is the utterance what is said by *om +ruise as a kind of prouded perlocutionary act' It intended to to <oke all participant of the show. *he hronology of utterance& this act comes from firstly to answer 0prah question about the hurt on *om>s shoulder, then suddenly *om make a prouding as himself

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No T'ble& JL Ti+e 4;<+7 Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution Fun%(ion

4idding !make irritate" 5to the mound I could be called today and said we have a seat available commercial@ 0prah insists tom by offering to go the the mound with something commecial. It means 0prah that *om.0prah are togather seeking a sensation in commecial. *his statement iiritating tom for a kidding. +hronology of utterance& bacause *om like to go to the mound and for making a happyness in the Show, so 0prah cracked *om. *he table JL e plains that in the L(.'I minutes is the utterance what is said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of perlocutionary act 2making irritate,' *he function is to make a kidding in offering going to the mound. *he chronology of utterance& bacause *om like to go to the mound and for making a happyness in the Show, so 0prah cracked *om. No T'ble& J, Ti+e L(&%# Kind o/ s-ee%h '%( 7erlocution !deceiving" Fun%(ion Soothing

5trying to with you *om@ 0prah +larified to the offerance that intention of going togather is with him !*om". She tried to deceived *om by an offerance. *his act is perlocutionary while *om and the audiences are laughing. +hronology of utterance&0prah e plain with whom the offerance is actually proposed to *om. *he table J, e plains that in the L(.%# minutes is the utterance what is

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said by 0prah 1infrey as a kind of decei$ing perlocutionary act' 0prah 1infrey intended to soothing *om in asking going out together. *he chronology of utterance&0prah e plain with whom the offerance is actually proposed to *om. . The /un%(ion o/ 0-ee%h '%(s '&e used (h&ou*h (he di'lo*ue. *he functions of speech act are used in the dialogue e actly classified to be manay puposes in the dialogue. *he table below shows the numbers of functions of speech act utterances which are stated in the dialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey. *he researcher found JF functions in the dialogue as the data found. *he table below shows the numbers of funtions of speech act with classification of the speech act completely base on the theory of research. T'bleC 6. The v'&i'(ion o/ /un%(ion o/ 0-ee%h '%(s '&e used in (he di'lo*ue be(,een To+ C&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e) in (he O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho,. Kinds o/ 0-ee%h '%( Phatic Phonetic Fun%(ion Showing capability *' E pressing !*#,*%", looking after !*L", intending !*,", ready to the Lo%u(ion'&) '%(s /hetic consequency !*(", informing !*F, *J", telling !*I", e plaining !*'$", informing !*'', *'#", admission !*'L, *',", e pressing !*'%", reporting !'(", respecting !*'F", re<ecting !*'J" I A+oun( ' J

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Illo%u(ion'&) '%(s

/epressentati$e

Asking !*'I, *#$, *#J, *L(, *LI" proposed !*#'", confirmating !*##, *#F, *L,", assessing !*#L", <udging !*#,", suggesting !*#%", supporting !*#(" requesting !*L$, *L'" clarifying !*L#", investigating !*LL", acknowgledging !*#I, *L%", affirmating !*LF, *,$" e plaining !*LJ", and <ustificating !*,'", informing!*LJ". 0rdering to silence !*,#", e pressing recognition !*,L", suggesting !*,,", publishing !*,%", governing *LF, completing !*,F", sharing !*,(", reali/ing !*,J" +larifying !*,I" asking the readiness !*%$", appointmentPpromising !*%'", ensuring !*%#", and reali/ing !*%L". 7raising !*%,, *%(", greeting !*%%", asking the intention !*%F", giving aprecation !*%J, *('", soothing !*(#", ama/ing !*(L", assessing !*(F", and making an intention !*%I, *($", praising !*(,", Informing !*((, *(J", announcing

#,

Directi$e

#ommisi$e

8:pressi$e

'#

Declarati$e

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!*(F", ordering audience !*(I". Pe&lo%u(ion'&) '%( 4idding !*JL", worrying !*J'", 2oking !*J#", asking ama/ed !*FI" clarifying !*FJ", warnig !*FF", praising !*F(", acknowledging !*F%", make a soothing !*F,, *FI, *J,", persuading !*FL", asking !*F#, *J$", affirmating !*F'", and inducting !*F$". To('l !D *he table above e plains the variations of function of speech acts are used in the dialogue between *om cruise and 0prah 1infrey in the 0prah 1infrey Show. *he noumber of variation contained in the kind of Locutionary act is ' phatic% 7 rhetic% and D phonetic' 1hereas the kind of illocutionary act is #, representati$e% +3 e:pressi$e% A commmisi$e% D directi$e and = declarati$e' And the kind of perlocutionary acts mounted '( functions. *here are JF functions which can be identified as the result of the total of function in this research. *herefore there is several similarities function contained in this research of the dialogue. *he researcher found 'L functions are similarities which can be identified as follow & e:pressing !*'%,*#,*%", informing !*'', *'#, *F, *J, *LJ, *((, *(J", e:plaining !*'$, *LJ" asking !*'I, *#$, *#J, *L(, *LI, *%F, *F#, *J$, *%$", assessing !*(F, *#L", suggesting !*#%, *,,", clarifying !*FJ, *,I, *L#", acknowledged !*F%", !*#I, *L%", affirmation !*F', *LF, *,$", praising !*%,, *%(, *F(", soothing !*F,, *FI, *J,, *(#", ama.ed !*FI, *(L", and reali.ing !*%L, *,J". Every similar function could be '(

102

seen as detail and proved based on the table code arranged in this research. B. Dis%ussion $. The ()-e o/ s-e%h '%( '&e %on('ined on (he Di'lo*ue be(,een To+ =&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e) :To+ C&uise < The O-&'h In(e&vie, ## video; *he percentage of the 0prah 1infrey Show dialog can be indicated from the following assorted. In general, an interview has various types of questions. *here are direct or indirect. Similarly, the appointment of the facts that occur within a dialog asking the interviewer something about that in the interview based on things that have happened or motive is known by the interviewer. Similarly, the view of the audience to a speech delivered by the participants in the dialogue !interview" that occur on the 0prah 1infrey Show. As described by Leech !'IJL" Spoken as verbal reaction products, spoken as a form of action and follow .speech activities, the purpose of the speech, the conte t of speech, and speech versus speakers contained in the dialogue. *hus, in the conte t of a conversation or a video ob<ect meets the criteria of this study can be used as a sample. *he relationship between the proposed research questions of this research is closely related to the research finding. Among the type of speech act that is found there are L types. As described in +hapter # Searle as 7ragmatic science studies. *his phenomenon illustrates that the type of speech act that is contained in the dialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey 0prah 1infrey Show, is to have a lot of background why these types of speech act can be found in various types. *his is due to the dialogue must have a continuous power implicative to the

103

theme discussed. 1ardhaugh !#$$(&#I'" describes the range of kinds of implicatures that occurs in conversation. :ialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey includes some ma im ma im that there is compliance with the implicature. *he dialogs between *om +rusie and 0prah 1infrey there are L types of speech act. Among of them are Locutionary act, illicutionary act , dab perlocutionary act . Locutionary act as a matter of course if the finding in view of the function or type of speech is only an element of information. 2ust as we know that every question must have an answer. In this dialogue in the form of speech act Locutionary merely provide information only. It is worth saying because of course information in a dialog that asked definitive answer. And the answer is simply reason itself. :iscussion of types of locutionary act is also discussed in accordance with the Ay Searle !'IF(" is 5an act of saying something@, *hen a discussion of the types of illocutionary act in the dialogue between *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey on the 0prah 1infrey show, there are several types or classification. Among them is representative, :irective, +ommisive, E pressive and :eclarative. If we e amine that type of illocutionary this is the most important in the dialogue. Searle Austin also e plained that the essence of the conversation is Illocutianary act. 8owever, if the total views and of the type that includes this type amounted to %'. 1ith his kind of classification is #L Eepressentative Illocution, '# E pressive, % +ommisive, :irective F, and , :eclarative. *he number of the most dominant role in the dialogue is kind Eepersentative. Aased on the theory discussed the meaning of such utterances are representations of the commits the hearer to the truth of the proposition E pressed !e.g. asserting, concluding". *his proposition means that whatever his motive based on

104

evidence. And in a conversation also of course someone would ask me that something based on it !evidence" that has been seen or heard. So the whole situation of this dialogue is dominated by the shape Eepresentave illocutionary act. Hurthermore, that kind of the lowest in the discussion of illocutionary act is declarative illocutionary act. 1ith the passing of the dialogue is not for large scale promotion. Aut to know what are the things that are of interest in the story of )anilla Sky 9ovie. So that>s kind of declarative amounted to little in the dialogue. It was <ust announced the ne t dialog discussion, and question and answer session. *he latter is a discussion about 7elocutionary act. *here are several types including perlocutionary speech act as described by !Leech 'IIL&L#L" is to persuade, deceive, induce, make irritated, scare, pleasant, soothing, shame, and attention. *here are '( types of findings in the study. In the number of percentage found 7erlocutionary kind act has its own reasons. *here are two causes of intentional and unintentional. Sometimes it may seem that locutionary acts perlocutionary acts do not differ from illocutionary acts very much, yet there is one important feature roommates *ells them apart. :eliberate speech as found in *able FJ in the 6 you know it@s gonna *e it@s going to *e *ig ''''''''''' 6 that the question of 0prah 1infer to *om +ruise. And in table ,F unintentional utterances is ?then what you do is you take your oil and the *aking ''''''' E ' *his utterance is not only giving the information but also recommended how to make a perfect +arbonara. *hen as illocutionary forced the participant in the show are applousing. In that time *om describes the last way to make it hot !carbonara" perfect. Aasically this type of perlocutionary is not visible to make the atmosphere tense. Aecause if the terms of the theme of the event is

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entertainment. So a lot of perlocutionary speech acts of *om +ruise and 0prah 1infrey as described by Leech above. Ch'&( 6.$ . The 'n'l)sis o/ -e&%en('*e in (he 2inds o/ s-ee%h '%( in (he di'lo*ue be(,een To+ %&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e) in (he O-&'h .in/&e) 0ho, :To+ C&uise < The O-&'h In(e&vie, ## video;

*herefore from the tables and chart ', # above, among all categories of speech acts are the most popularly used in the dialogue between *om cruise and 0prah 1infrey in the 0prah 1infrey Show. And the most popularity which used in the dialogue is representative illocutionary act. 5. Ho, (he /u%(ions o/ s-ee%h '%( is '&e used b) To+ C&uise 'nd O-&'h .in/&e) :To+ C&uise < The O-&'h In(e&vie, ## video;.

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*here are many functions that are found in this study. Each type of speech act is uttered has the same function depending on the condition and the purpose of each speakers. *here=s even a speech that did not have an intention to provoke further actions but it has happened. So in order to identify the function is not necessarily always tend to use one type of speech acts. According to Grice 'I%F, Searle 'I(I in Leech !'IIL" used when discussing functional . illocutionary intent or meaning of the terms. *o rela and to understand the similarity functions found in this study have been presented in table ,.# datas. Some of these cases can be understood as the following e planation& *he first function of clarifying is found in the table ,%. *he minute $6.95 shows the kind of speech act is &e-&esen('(ive B'sse&(ion4 utterance 5(ow do you feel when you walk around you can use to it''''''''''''''' by the chronology of utterance is that *he tom is not received the clarification of 0prah>s opinion. *he second one is found in the table FF, ob<ective of time is #.#!. the kind of speech act is Pe&o%u(ion'&) '%( persuading. *he utterance is Eyou know it@s gonna *e it@s gonna *e *ig''''''''''', and the chronology of utterance& *he show displayed tom activity about *om +ruise and 7enelope +ru/ that they were going out to a party.

CHAPTER = CONCLU0ION AND 0UGGE0TION0

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9.$.

Con%lusion *he types of speech acts are found to consist of seven types of speech acts are speech acts. Lo%u(ion'&) '%( includesB Phonetic% and rhetict. Illo%u(in'&) '%( which in theory this study were divided into % namelyB Includes representative, expressive, directive, commisive, and declarative . Representative includes Eequest, 7roposed, Eeporting, stating, pleasant, advice, and force. Commissive covered saying a bid, stating ability, satating worrying and promise. Expressive includes e pressive speech thanked, critici/ing, complaining, and praised. Declarative includes announced, sated, declared. Directive includes command, prohibit speech acts. 7elocutionary act includes soohing, make iritate, persuade, and induce. *hen the function of speech are used by tom +ruise and 0prah in the interview dialogue 50prah 1infrey Show@ included ocutionB E plaining, e pressing, informing, looking after, information, stating, admission, intenting, reporting, ready to all the concequency, iforming about himself, respecting, re<ecting, telling himself. Repressentative Illo%u(ionE Asking, proposed, confirmating, assessing, <udging, supporting, requesting, clarifying, investigating, acknowgledging, affirmating, making a demo, recommending, e plaining, and <ustificating, Expressive Illo%u(ionE 7raising, greeting, asking the intention, giving an applause, indifferenting, appreciating, soothing, ama/ing, assessing, and making an intention. Commisive Illo%u(ionE *hangking, asking the readiness, promising, ensuring, and reli/ing. Directive Illo%u(ionE E pressing recognition, suggesting, governing, complaining, sharing, and commanding. Declarative Illo%u(ionE Informing, announcing, ordering audience. Pe&lo%u(ion covered soothing, kidding, <oking, worrying, 110 <oking, asking capability, soothing, clarification, warnig, praising, acknowledging, make a soothing, persuading, asking the opinion, affirmating,

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anf inducting 9. . 0u**es(ion Hrom the results of this study suggested& '. Speakers within the scope of discourse should use the speech according to the statement, especially with the type of speech act statements generally so intent submitted can be understood by many. #. Eesearcher of speech acts that will perform research should focus on the types of speech acts and different research ob<ects. L. *he reader interested in the pragmatic study, particularly in the study of illocutionary speech acts in order to e plore the types of illocutionary speech acts that are divided into categories contained in the illocutionary speech act. ,. *he results of this research can be used as a reference for further research, especially related to speech acts.

BIBLIOGRAPH> Arikunto, Suharsimi. #$$#. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik' 2akarta& 7* Eineka +ipta.

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Austin, 2. L. 'I(#. 8ow *o :o *hings 1ith 1ords. 0 ford 3ew Cork. 0 ford ?niversity 7ress. Aach 4ent, Eobert 9. 8arnish. Linguistic communication and Speech Acts. +ambridge& *he 9I* 7ress, 'IFI. Aach, 4. and 8arnish, E. !'IFI". Linguistic communication and speech acts. +ambridge, 9ass.& 9I* 7ress. +haer, Abdul, dan Leonie Agustina. #$$,. Sosiolinguistik 7erkenalan Awal. 2akarta& Eineka +ipta. Hraenkel, <ack et. Al. #$$L. (ow to design and e$aluate research in education. 9c Graw 8ill& ?nited States. George, Cule. 'II(. 7ragmatics, 3ew Cork& 0 ford ?niversity. 8ernande/, Lorena 7Wre/, Hrancisco 2osW Eui/ de 9endo/a.5Grounding, semantic motivation and conceptual interaction in indirect directive speech acts.@ 2ournal of 7ragmatics L, !#$$#" & #%I.#J,. Leech, Geoffrey. 'IJL. 7rinciples of 7ragmatics. 3ew Cork& Longman Singapore 7ublishing, Levinson, S. +. 'IJL. 7ragmatics. +ambridge& +ambridge ?niversity 7ress. Lyons, 2ohn. Language and meaning. London& Hontana 7aperbacks, 'IJ'. Eustono. 'III. 7okok.7okok 7ragmatik . Semarang& I4I7 7ress. Searle, 2. E. 'I(I. Speech Acts. 3ew Cork& 2ohn 8opkins ?niversity 7ress. Searle, 2.E. 'IFI. E pression and 9eaning studies in the Theory of Speech cs'+ambridge& +ambidge ?niversity 7ress. Searle, 2ohn E.5Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts.5 *he 7hilosophical Eeview FF !'I(J" & ,$%.,#,. 2S*0E. *he +entral Library of 9asaryk ?niversity, Arno. #' :ecember #$$%. Yhttp&www.<stor.orgZ Suyono. 'II$. 7ragmatik& :asar.:asar dan 7enga<aran. 9alang CAL.

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