This fact sheet provides a comprehensive BEGINNERS guide to entries in the AGPS (Author-Date) th referencing system based on the

Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6 Edition.

Variations in authors, dates, editions, DOIs and web addresses

NOTE: Page or paragraph numbers are used for direct quotes and when information is taken from specific pages or paragraphs.
A. Single authors Write the authors surname only in-text. Initials are recorded in the References. Type References in bold /left align/same size text/do not use italics B. Two or three authors Use and between authors in your sentence, but an & (ampersand) when in brackets. Use an & in the References. C. Three or more authors In-text, cite only the first authors surname, followed by et al. (not in italics). Record all the authors names in the References using an & before the last name. D. Citing several sources at once In text, authors names are presented alphabetically and each reference is separated by a semicolon (;). Write a separate reference item for each author in the list. E. Multiple works by the same author Use a, b, c to differentiate between works written in the same year by the same author. In-text In-text In-text References In-text In-text References The idea of progress is much overrated (Addington 1994, pp. 323). Addington (1994, pp. 323) states that Addington, H 1994, Cultural cringe: a study of change, Routledge, London. King, Hunt and Lee (1992, p. 23) claim Climate change remains controversial (King, Hunt & Lee 1992, p. 23). King, T, Hunt, E & Lee, LJ 1992, Weather matters, Harvard University Press, Boston. Peters et al. (1995) base their study on the economic model. This study is based on an economic model (Peters et al. 1995). Peters, C, Suzuki, T, Corrigan, YT, Najar, P & Thomas, E 1995, New economies for new times, University of Chicago Press. Policy makers argue that the connection between science and business should not be viewed critically (Branscomb 1997; Noble 1993; Stokes 1997). Branscomb, I 1997, Investing in innovation, Routledge, New York. References Noble, B 1993, America by design, Knopf, New York. Stokes, D 1997, Pasteurs quadrant, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC. In her first study, Sheldon (1996) supports the theory, but her two later studies (1999a; 1999b) modify this claim. Sheldon, S 1996, Language limits, Duckworth, London. References Sheldon, S 1999a, Morphemic resonance: a new dimension, Discourse Studies, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 6772. Sheldon, S 1999b, Rules and tools, Journal of Semantics, vol. 43, Spring, pp. 2345. F. Authors with the same surname (a) co-authors of a work (b) separate works In text, where it is necessary to distinguish between authors with the same surname, use the authors initials. Place initials after the surname when in brackets, and before the surname when in the sentence. G. Author unknown Cite the name of the group or organisation that produced the work. If none, then use the title of the work in italics and sentence case (use capitals only for first word and proper nouns). DO NOT use the terms Anon. or Anonymous if you cannot find an author. H. Edition If a source is 2nd or later edition, state the edition (xx edn) after the title - separate by a comma, do not italicise, use lower case, no full stop after abbreviation. I. The DOI System OR URL A DOI is a unique set of numbers that provides a permanent link to its location on the Internet. The DOI is mostly on the first page of the electronic article. If no DOI, use the home page URL. For eBooks and journal articles from the UNE server (ezproxy), only the root of the URL (host or domain name) is used in the URL. In-text In-text (a) Scollon and Scollon (2001) argue that (b) A recent report (Jones, RW 1991) indicated but DJ Jones (1993) has refuted the findings. (a) Scollon, R & Scollon, SW 2001, Intercultural communication, 2nd edn, Blackwell, Oxford. (b) Jones, DJ 1993, Review of social needs in the North West region, FACS, Lismore, NSW. Jones, RW 1991, Report to the CARE centre, DOCS, Armidale, NSW. The NSW Board of Studies (2006, p. 35) advocates an inclusive approach in syllabus design. Reducing friction is essential (Pressure care 2000, p. 3). NSW Board of Studies 2006, Syllabus development handbook, NSW Board of Studies, Sydney, viewed 18 September 2010, <http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/ manuals/pdf_doc/syl_dev_hbook.pdf>. Pressure care 2000, New Health Press, Perth. In-text References Writers need to consider (Heffernan, Lincoln & Atwill 2001, p. 218). Heffernan, JAW, Lincoln, EJ & Atwill, J 2001, Writing, a college handbook, 5th edn, W. W. Norton, New York.

References

References

References

Use this format for the DOI in references: DOI 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001. Note DOI is upper case, followed by a space and the DOI address with a full stop at the end of the DOI. If no DOI, then use the URL in angle brackets followed by a full stop <http://www.une.edu.au>. If you need to use a URL, enclose it in angle brackets and place a full stop after the angle bracket. Avoid long strings in the URL by providing only the root of the URL e.g. Chalker, S & Weiner, E 1998, In The Oxford dictionary of English grammar, viewed 27 April 2013, <http://www.oxfordreference.com>.ezproxy. une.edu.au /view/10.1093/acref/9780192800879.001 .0001/acref-9780192800879

Learning Innovations Hub Fact Sheets P a g e | 1 http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-skills/fact-sheets

Examples of some common references in academic writing

NOTE: Page or paragraph numbers are used for direct quotes and when information is taken from specific pages or paragraphs.
1. Book (a) print (b) online Use the DOI if available, otherwise use the URL of the electronic book (see item I on page 1). If you use a URL, give the date of publication and then the date viewed before the URL. References In-text (a) Baker, Barrett and Roberts (2002, p. 4) find that the concept (b) Several levels of consciousness were found (Tart 1997, p. 37) (b) Sawyer (2010, p. 24) argues that linguistic constraints (a) Baker, E, Barrett, M & Roberts, L 2002, Working communication, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld. (b) Tart, CT 1997, States of consciousness, viewed 3 July 2011, <http://www. netlibrary.net/>. (b) Sawyer, A. (2010). Language socialization in multilingual societies [Kindle DX version]. DOI 10.1037/1076293722. (a) Heaps (2009, para. 3) states that bias is In-text (b) The latest study suggests that community based programmes have been successful (World Health Organisation [WHO] 2010, para. 11). [First citation (World Health Organisation [WHO] 2002, para. 11) Later citations (WHO 2002, para. 11 ] (c) Mobile phone generations (2010, para. 7) lists a number of stages in (a) Heaps, S 2009, Writing without bias, viewed 7 August 2010, <http://www. writeexpress.com/bias.html>. (b) World Health Organisation 2010, Evidence based public health initiatives. World Health Organisation, viewed 23 December 2010, <http://www.who.org/ positions/evidence_based.html>. (c) Mobile phone generations 2010, viewed 2 June 2012, <http://kids.actewagl. com.au/education/communications/MobilePhones/DevelopmentOfMobiles/Mobile Generations.aspx>.

2. Website / Web page (a) author, cite the person who wrote the material. (b) no person as author, use the corporation or group. (c) no group /corporation as author, start with the title of the article. The title of the work is written in sentence case (capitals only for first word and proper nouns). If there is no page, use paragraph number (if no paragraph number, use the section title if possible after the author and date). If there is no date of publication, use n.d.

References

HINT: When you paste in the URL, DO NOT START ON A NEW LINE. Paste it next to the comma that comes after the viewing date. Then, you can get part of the address to sit on the same line by using a soft return (hold down shift and tap return). Try to do this after a slash or full stop in the DOI or URL address. (a) Reid and Sand (1987, p. 26) argue that An earlier study (Reid & Sand 1987) suggests that In-text (b) Collins (2010) argues that opposition to The development of the rule of law occurred first within bureaucratic states (Collins 2010). (c) Nutrition is an integral part of effective healing (Leninger 2002, p. 4). (a) Reid, J & Sand, R 1987, The wood and the grove, Journal of Mythology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 2334. (b) Collins, R 2010, Geopolitical conditions of internationalism, human rights, and world law, Journal of Globalization Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, viewed 15 October 2012 <http://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/140630/>. (c) Leninger, SM 2002, The role of nutrition in wound healing, Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1321, DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.24.6.88.

3. Journal articles (a) article in a journal (print) (b) article in an electronic journal (Internet) (c) article with a DOI List all authors in the reference list. If no author can be found, put the journal title (in italics) in the author position. Give vol. numbers and issue no. OR issue only if volume is missing. If no volume or issue, give month or quarter. See Variation I above. 4. Chapter in an edited book Write an entry for the author of the chapter. Use the date of publication of the edited book where you found the information. Use ed. (note the full-stop) for one editor, and eds (no full-stop) for multiple editors. 5. Reading on eReserve (Dixson Library) Treat the reference as you would any other reference of its type. In-text References

Stories are an essential aspect of therapy (Phillips 1999, p. 14). Phillips (1999, p. 14) argues that Phillips, J 1999, The psychodynamic narrative, in G Roberts & J Holmes (eds), Healing stories: narrative in psychiatry and psychotherapy , Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 715. Keesing (1991) defines culture as . Keesing, R M 1991, Culture and Asian studies. Asian Studies Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 43-50.

References

In-text

References

Learning Innovations Hub Fact Sheets P a g e | 2 http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-skills/fact-sheets

6. Secondary reference To acknowledge the work of one author that you have found in the work of another. Record only the work that you have actually seen in the References. 7. Government publications (a) government reports (b) parliamentary publications (c) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) These may be cited by giving the name of the ministry or agency issuing the publication or report. In-text In-text

Gombrich (cited in Norrington 1989, p. 22) argues that both art and nature are needs of the mind. [Name the author of the idea (and date if known), and give author, date and page number of the book where you read it.] Norrington, FG 1989, New aesthetics: life in art, Faber & Faber, London. (a) The Departments report (Department of Defence 2009) contained (b) A report by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Affairs (2008) recommends (c) In Australia, statistics show that there can be both short and long term risks from the consumption of alcohol (ABS 2006). (a) Department of Defence 2009, The loss of HMAS Sydney II, Department of Defence, Canberra. (b) House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Affairs 2008, Open for business: developing Indigenous enterprises in Australia, Parliament of Australia, Canberra, viewed 8 May 2009, <http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Re presentatives_Committees?url=/atsia/indigenousenterprises/report.htm>. (c) Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006, Alcohol consumption in Australia: a snapshot 2004-05, cat. no. 4832.0.55.001, ABS, Canberra, viewed 16 March 2008, <http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats>.

References

References

8. Report (other than government) (a) society, group, committee (b) business Reports from businesses, groups, committees and societies may provide concrete evidence in your writing. Use organisation name (corporate or group author) if there is no person as author. 9. Paper presented at a conference, seminar, workshop (a) unpublished (b) published In-text

(a) In this financial report, Diabetes Australia (2010, p. 5) clarifies the purpose (b) GM Holden (2010, p. 9) propose that their future will lie (a) Diabetes Australia 2010, Financial report for the year ended 30 June 2012, viewed 25 February 2013, <http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/PageFiles/ 618/DA%20Financial%20Report%20YE%2030.06.12%20Signed%20with%2 0Audit%20Report.pdf>. (b) GM Holden 2010, Holden business report: Writing our own future, viewed 2 March 2013,<http://www.holden.com.au/resources/documents/ 2010_Holden_Business_Report.pdf>. (a) Williams and Taji (1990, p. 14) believe In-text (b) A combination of disciplinary and educational approaches is needed to deal with student plagiarism (McGowan 2005, p. 139). (a) Williams, RR & Taji, AM 1990 June, Factors affecting vitrificationcytokinin and shoot growth, paper presented at the International Congress on Plant Cell and Organ Culture, Amsterdam, 24-25 June. References (b) McGowan, U 2005, Educational integrity: a strategic approach to anti plagiarism, Proceedings of the second Educational Integrity Conference, University of Newcastle, pp. 130-9, viewed 30 January 2009, <http://www. newcastle.edu.au/conference/apeic/booklet/APEIC05proceeding.pdf>. (a) A primary verb is one of the three verb types (Chaulker & Weiner 2009, para. 7). In-text (b) Australia was one of the early adopters of the pop chart ratings (Williams 2009). (c) The tone of the poem is affected by the use of intervening words (Oxford English dictionary online, 12th edn, n.d.) that cause the reader (a) Chaulker, S & Weiner, E 2009, The Oxford dictionary of English grammar, viewed 27 April 2010, <http://www.oxfordreference.com. >. References (b) Williams, J (ed.) 2009, Encyclopaedia of Australian rock and pop, Methuen, Sydney. (c) No reference entry required in References.

References

10. Dictionary / Encyclopedia (a) dictionary (author) (b) encyclopedia (author) (c) dictionary (no author) If the dictionary or encyclopedia has an author then treat as a book or web site in the list of references. If there is no author provided, give the necessary information in-text and do not write an entry in the list of references. See Variation I above.

Learning Innovations Hub Fact Sheets P a g e | 3 http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-skills/fact-sheets

11.Inserting data (a) tables (b) figures Data can be shown in many ways in your text: e.g. tables, graphic representations, images, maps, charts, drawings, photographs. Refer to the table or figure in your paragraph, then place your table or figure immediately below the text. Tables and figures have separate numbering systems. Your own data does not require an author reference. 12. Newspaper or magazine article (a) specified author i. print newspaper ii. online newspaper (b) unspecified author If there is no author evident then provide all the details in the in-text reference (Newspaper, date, year, page), and do NOT put an entry in the reference list. If no page number, use a section title. 13. Audio-visual (a) film (b) DVD (c) CD-ROM (d) television programs (e) TV show episode In text, refer to the title and date of production. Any special credits (e.g. directed by, starring) and other information that might be useful can be noted at the end of the citation. In-text References (print & online examples) In-text References In-text

(a) (In-text) Table 3 summarises the key terminology used in the history subjects (caption above table) Table 3. Terminology used in history (Moore 2011, p. 162) (b) (In-text) As shown in Figure 6, daily extremes in temperature in Australia . . . (caption below diagram) Figure 6. Maximum temperatures in Australia 2013 (BOM 2013) [Put a Table number (above) or a Figure number (below) + caption + in-text reference. Use plain text for Figure/Table number.] (a) Moore, TJ 2011, Critical thinking and language [table], Continuum International Publishing Group, London. (b) Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) 2013, Daily maximum temperature extremes graph of Australia [graph], <http://www.bom. gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/extremes/extreme_graphs_annual.cgi>. [If you reproduce or adapt outside sources, provide full citation in the reference list, giving information about the type of source in the brackets, e.g. table, graph, image, data set, map, photograph, diagram.] (a) Target funding is not being met (Leech 2002, p. 13). Leech (2002, p. 13) suggests that (b) Debt levels have fallen (Economist 17 April 1997, editorial) (a) i Leech, G 2002, Call for research shake-up, The Australian, 19 September, p. 13. (a) ii Leech, G 2002, Call for research shake-up, The Australian, 19 September, viewed 18 August 2008, <http://www.theaustralian. news.com.au>. (b) i & ii No reference entry required in References.

(a) In The third man (1949), (b) Australias geological history (1986) explored (c) Fine tuning the vocal folds creates different voice qualities (Reid 2004). (d) In The future of work (2010) (e) The dialogue demonstrates the tension in the citys projects (The detail 2002) (a) The third man 1949, motion picture, RKO Films, Great Britain, directed by Carol Reed and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, Orson Welles and Trevor Howard. (b) Australias geological history 1986, DVD, Outback Films, Sydney. References (c) Reid, N 2004, Phonetics: an interactive introduction, CD-ROM, University of New England, Armidale, NSW (d) The future of work 2010, television program, ABC Television, Sydney, November 26. (e) The detail 2002, television series episode, The wire, HBO Time Warner, New York.

14. UNE teaching material (e.g. unit Information, topic notes, assessment, presentation slides, podcast of lecture). Replace audio podcast with video webcast for appropriate format. Make sure you indicate the type of material. In-text

According to Fisher (2011, p. 32), there are two types of ethical concerns facing multinational corporations. Bradfield (2010) argues that conservation of Fisher, J 2011, GSB 751: Business ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, topic notes, University of New England, Graduate School of Business, Armidale, NSW. Bradfield, JD 2010, 17 April, Kangaroo: an extraordinary marsupial, lecture, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, Armidale, NSW. Doubts were cast on the statistical methods used (P Darnell 2009, pers. comm., 3 May). In an email communication on 3 May 2008, Peter Darnell explained

References

15. Personal communication Information privately obtained e.g. personal conversation, interview, letter, lecture, email. A live lecture is treated as personal communication, but you must reference a podcast of a lecture. In-text

References

[Personal communications are not listed in the list of references.]

Learning Innovations Hub Fact Sheets P a g e | 4 http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-skills/fact-sheets