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    Revision: Types of Triangles

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    brainkz
    1) The document discusses various types of triangles (scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute-angled, obtuse-angled, right-angled) and properties of triangles (congruent triangles, similar triangles, circle geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents to a circle, the mid-point theorem). 2) It provides examples and definitions for proving triangles are congruent or similar. Properties of angles, sides, and radii in circles are described. 3) Several geometry problems are given with step-by-step solutions showing how to use triangle and circle properties to calculate unknown angles and side lengths.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Revision: Types of Triangles

    Uploaded by

    brainkz
    52 views1 page
    1) The document discusses various types of triangles (scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute-angled, obtuse-angled, right-angled) and properties of triangles (congruent triangles, similar triangles, circle geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents to a circle, the mid-point theorem). 2) It provides examples and definitions for proving triangles are congruent or similar. Properties of angles, sides, and radii in circles are described. 3) Several geometry problems are given with step-by-step solutions showing how to use triangle and circle properties to calculate unknown angles and side lengths.

    Original Description:

    Set of problems on the Euclidean Geometry with solutions & theoretical material

    Original Title

    Euclidean 1

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    1) The document discusses various types of triangles (scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute-angled, obtuse-angled, right-angled) and properties of triangles (congruent triangles, similar triangles, circle geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents to a circle, the mid-point theorem). 2) It provides examples and definitions for proving triangles are congruent or similar. Properties of angles, sides, and radii in circles are described. 3) Several geometry problems are given with step-by-step solutions showing how to use triangle and circle properties to calculate unknown angles and side lengths.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views1 page

    Revision: Types of Triangles

    Uploaded by

    brainkz
    1) The document discusses various types of triangles (scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute-angled, obtuse-angled, right-angled) and properties of triangles (congruent triangles, similar triangles, circle geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents to a circle, the mid-point theorem). 2) It provides examples and definitions for proving triangles are congruent or similar. Properties of angles, sides, and radii in circles are described. 3) Several geometry problems are given with step-by-step solutions showing how to use triangle and circle properties to calculate unknown angles and side lengths.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    1/30/14, 5:31 PM

    Revision
    Types of triangles
    Name Diagram Properties

    Scalene

    All sides and angles are di!erent.

    Isosceles

    Two sides are equal in length. The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal.

    Equilateral

    All three sides are equal in length and all three angles are equal.

    Acuteangled

    Each of the three interior angles is less than 90 .

    Obtuseangled

    One interior angle is greater than 90 .

    Rightangled

    One interior angle is 90 .

    Table 1

    Congruent triangles
    Condition Diagram

    SSS (side, side, side)

    ABC EDF

    SAS (side, incl. angle, side)

    GHI JKL

    AAS (angle, angle, side)

    MNO PQR

    RHS ( 90 , hypotenuse, side)

    STU VWX
    Table 2

    Similar triangles
    Condition Diagram

    AAA (angle, angle, angle)

    ^=D ^, B ^=E ^, C ^ =F ^ A ABC ||| DEF

    SSS (sides in prop.)

    MN RS

    ML RT

    NL ST

    MNL ||| RST


    Table 3

    Circle geometry
    If O is the centre and OM AB , then AM = MB . If O is the centre and AM = MB , then

    ^ O = BM ^ O = 90 . If AM = MB and AM OM AB , then MO passes through centre O.

    Table 4

    If an arc subtends an angle at the centre of a circle and at the circumference, then the angle at the centre is twice the size of the angle at the circumference.

    Table 5

    Angles at the circumference subtended by arcs of equal length (or by the same arc) are equal.

    Table 6

    Cyclic quadrilaterals
    If the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are the chords of a circle with centre O , then:

    ^ +C ^ = 180 A
    Reason: (opp. s cyclic quad. supp.)

    ^ +D ^ = 180 B
    Reason: (opp. s cyclic quad. supp.)

    ^C = D ^ EB
    Reason: (ext. cyclic quad. = int. opp )

    ^ =A ^ =C ^ A 1 2
    Reason: (vert. opp. s, ext. cyclic quad.) Table 7 Proving a quadrilateral is cyclic:

    If A + C = 180 or B + D = 180 , then ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

    Table 8

    If A1 = C or D1 = B, then ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

    Table 9

    If A = B or C = D, then ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

    Table 10

    Tangents to a circle
    A tangent is perpendicular to the radius (OT ST ), drawn to the point of contact with the circle.

    Table 11

    If AT and BT are tangents to a circle with centre O, then:

    OA AT (tangent radius) OB BT (tangent radius) TA = TB (tangents from same point are


    equal) Table 12

    If DC is a tangent, then DT A = T BA and

    ^ B = TA ^ B . If DT ^A = TB ^ A or CT ^ B = TA ^B, CT then DC is a tangent touching at T .

    Table 13

    The mid-point theorem


    The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to half the length of the third side.

    Given: AD = DB and AE = EC , we can conclude that DE BC and DE = 1 BC . 2

    Exercise 1: Revision
    Problem 1:

    ^ N = 60 and OM ^ P = z . Calculate the value of MO NP in a circle with centre O. MO z , giving reasons.

    Practise more questions like this Answer 1:

    ^ P z
    Problem 2:

    1 ^ MO N 2 = 30 = 30 =

    ( at centre = twice at circumference) (alt. s, MO NP)

    O is the centre of the circle with OC = 5 cm and chord BC = 8 cm.

    Determine the lengths of:

    OD AD AB
    Practise more questions like this Answer 2:

    In ODC,

    OC 2 52 OD AO AD = = = =

    = OD2 + DC 2 = OD2 + 42 = 3 cm 5 cm AO + OD 5+3 8 cm = = = 42 + 82 80 45 cm

    (Pythagoras)

    (radius)

    AD In ABD,

    AB 2 AB 2 AB AB

    = BD 2 + A D 2

    (Pythagoras)

    Problem 3:

    ^ R and PQ ^ S = a. PQ is a diameter of the circle with centre O. SQ bisects PQ

    Write down two other angles that are also equal to a . Calculate POS in terms of a , giving reasons. Prove that OS is a perpendicular bisector of PR. Practise more questions like this Answer 3:

    ^S RQ OQ ^S OQ ^S PO ^S = 2 PQ = 2a

    =a = OS ^Q = a = OS

    ^ R) (given SQ bisects PQ (equal radii) (isosceles OQS)

    (s at centre and circumference on same chord) (proven) (alt. s equal) (alt. s, QR OS) ^ = in semi-circle) (R

    ^S RQ QR ^ R PT OS
    Problem 4:

    ^O = a = QS OS ^S = RT = 90 = TR perp. bisector of PR

    ( from centre bisects chord)

    ^ D = 35 . BD is a diameter of the circle with centre O. AB = AD and OC

    Calculate the value of the following angles, giving reasons:

    ^ C CO ^ D CB ^ D BA ^ D AD ^B OD
    Practise more questions like this Answer 4:

    OC ^C OD ^D CO ^D CB

    = OD = 35

    (equal radii ) (isosceles OCD) (sum s = 180)

    = 180 (35 + 35) = 110 1 ^ COD 2 = 55 = ^D BA

    ( at centre = 2 at circum. )

    = 90

    ( in semi-circle) (isosceles ABD) (sum s in = 180)

    ^B AD ^B AD

    ^D = AB 180 90 = 2 = 45

    Problem 5:

    O is the centre of the circle with diameter AB. CD AB at P and chord DE intersects AB at F.

    Prove the following:

    ^ P = DB ^ P CE ^D = 2CB ^ A AB ^D = CB

    1 2

    ^A CO

    Practise more questions like this Answer 5:

    In CBP CP ^B CP BP CBP ^P CB ^D CE ^A But CB ^D CE ^A DB ^A CB ^D AB


    Problem 6:

    and DBP: = DP ^ B = 90 = DP = BP DBP ^P = DB ^D = CB ^A = DB

    (OP CD) (given) (common) (SAS) (CBP DBP)

    (s on chord CD) (CBP DBP)

    ^A = 2CB

    ^A = CB 1 ^ = CO A 2 1 ^ = CO A 2

    (CBP DBP) ( at centre = 2 at circum. )

    QP in the circle with centre O is extended to T so that PR = PT . Express m in terms of n.

    Practise more questions like this Answer 6:

    ^R QP n n m
    Problem 7:

    ^ T

    =m = 2m = 2(2m) = 4m 1 = n 4

    (PT = PR) (ext. = sum int. s) (s at centre and circumference on QR)

    In the circle with centre O, OR QP , QP = 30 mm and RS = 9 mm. Determine the length of y.

    Practise more questions like this Answer 7:

    In QP QS QS QO2 y2 y2 18y y
    Problem 8:

    QOS, = 30 1 = QP 2 = 15 = = = =

    (given) ( from centre bisects chord) (Pythagoras)

    = OS 2 + QS 2

    (y 9)2 + 152 y 2 18y + 81 + 225 306 17 mm

    PQ is a diameter of the circle with centre O. QP is extended to A and AC is a tangent to the circle. BA AQ and BCQ is a straight line.

    Prove the following:

    ^ Q = BA ^P PC BAPC is a cyclic quadrilateral AB = AC


    Practise more questions like this Answer 8:

    ^Q PC ^Q BA ^Q PC ^Q PC

    = 90 = 90 ^Q = BA

    ( in semi-circle) (given BA AQ)

    ^Q = BA BAPC is a cyclic quad. ^Q CP ^P BC ^C = AB ^ Q + CQ ^P = CP ^P = CQ ^Q = CP ^C = AB = AC

    (proven) (ext. angle = int. opp. ) (ext. of cyclic quad.) (ext. of ) (tangent-chord)

    ^P AC ^A BC AB
    Problem 9:

    (s opp. equal sides)

    TA and TB are tangents to the circle with centre O. C is a point on the circumference ^ and AT B = x .

    Express the following in terms of x, giving reasons:

    ^ T OB ^A C ^ AB
    Practise more questions like this Answer 9:

    ^T AB

    ^T = BA 180 x = 2 x = 90 2

    (TA = TB) (sum s of TAB)

    ^T OB ^A OB

    = 90 x 2

    = 90 (90 = ^ C

    x 2)

    (tangent radius)

    ^T = AB = 90

    x 2

    (tangent chord)

    https://everythingmaths.co.za/grade-12/08-euclidean-geometry/08-euclidean-geometry-01.cnxmlplus

    Page 1 of 1

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