Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

Abaria vs. National Labor Relations Commission Note: Abria is one of the 90 complaining Employees in this case INTRA-UNION PARTIES: LOCAL CHAPTER - Nagkahiusang Mamumuo sa MCCH (NAMA-MCCH-NFL), NOT INDEPENDENTLY REGISTERED NATIONAL FEDERATION - NFL Note: Metro Cebu Community Hospital, Inc. (MCCHI) later changed its name to Visayas Community Medical Center (VCMC), EMERGENCY: MCCHI is a hospital owned by UCCP. The NFL is a National Federation which acts as the exclusive bargaining representative of the rank-and-file employees of the MCCHI. NFL is represented by Atty. Alforque. NFL has a LOCAL chapter called NAMAMCCH-NFL, which is NOT INDEPENDENTLY REGISTERED. The local chapters President is NAVA. In 1995, since the CBA was about to expire NAVA wrote the administrator of MCCHI, REV. IYOY, expressing the UNIONs desire to renew the CBA, attaching to her letter a statement of proposals signed/endorsed by 153 union members. Before responding to NAVA, MCCHI first checked with Atty. Alforque as NFL representative whether NFL endorses NAVAs proposal. MCCHI found out from Atty. Alforque that the proposed CBA submitted by NAVA was never referred to NFL and that NFL has not authorized any other legal counsel or any person for collective bargaining negotiations. Atty. Alforque communicated with NAVA and other UNION officers that they were suspended from the union membership for serious violation of the CBL of NFL. The letter revealed that NAVA and other UNION officers of the local chapter openly declared during a General Membership Meeting of the Union that they submit to the authority of another union KMU and no longer to NFL. The next day, several union members led by NAVA and her group launched a series of mass actions such as wearing black and red armbands/headbands, marching around the hospital premises and putting up placards, posters and streamers. NFL disowned the concerted activities. On March 13 and 19, 1996, the DOLE Regional Office issued certifications stating that there is nothing in their records which shows that NAMA-MCCH-NFL is a registered labor organization, and that said union submitted only a copy of its Charter Certificate on January 31, 1995. Because of this MCCHI then sent individual notices to all union members asking them to submit within 72 hours a written explanation why they should not be terminated for having supported the illegal concerted activities of NAMA-MCCH-NFL which has no legal personality as per DOLE records. The Local Chapter filed a Notice of Strike with NCMB but this was denied. Despite such denial, NAVA and her group still conducted a strike. The striking Union members failed to attend the investigations of MCCHI. Hence, MCCHI sent termination letters to union leaders and other members who participated in the strike and picketing activities. For their continued picketing activities despite the said warning, more than 100 striking employees were dismissed. Unfazed, the striking union members held

more mass actions. The means of ingress to and egress from the hospital were blocked, patients and employees were barred from entering the premises; Placards were placed at the hospitals entrance gate stating: Please proceed to another hospital and we are on protest.; Employees and patients reported acts of intimidation and harassment perpetrated by union leaders and members. Because of this, MCCHI suffered heavy losses due to low patient admission rates (1) WON MCCHI is guilty of unfair labor practice? NO ULP. Records of the NCMB and DOLE Region 7 confirmed that NAMA-MCCH-NFL had not registered as a labor organization, having submitted only its charter certificate as an affiliate or local chapter of NFL. Not being a legitimate labor organization, NAMAMCCH-NFL is not entitled to those rights granted to a legitimate labor organization under Art. 242. Aside from the registration requirement, it is only the labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit which is the exclusive representative of the employees in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining, as provided in Art. 255. NAMA-MCCH-NFL is not the labor organization certified or designated by the majority of the rank-and-file hospital employees to represent them in the CBA negotiations but the NFL, as evidenced by CBAs concluded in 1987, 1991 and 1994. To prove majority support of the employees, NAMA-MCCH-NFL presented the CBA proposal allegedly signed by 153 union members. However, the petition signed by said members showed that the signatories endorsed the proposed terms and conditions without stating that they were likewise voting for or designating the NAMA-MCCH-NFL as their exclusive bargaining representative. Even assuming that NAMA-MCCH-NFL had validly disaffiliated from its mother union, NFL, it still did not possess the legal personality to enter into CBA negotiations. A local union which is not independently registered cannot, upon disaffiliation from the federation, exercise the rights and privileges granted by law to legitimate labor organizations; thus, it cannot file a petition for certification election . Besides, the NFL as the mother union has the right to investigate members of its local chapter under the federations Constitution and By-Laws, and if found guilty to expel such members. MCCHI therefore cannot be faulted for deferring action on the CBA proposal submitted by NAMA-MCCH-NFL in view of the union leaderships conflict with the national federation. We have held that the issue of disaffiliation is an intra-union dispute which must be resolved in a different forum in an action at the instance of either or both the federation and the local union or a rival labor organization, not the employer. (2) WON petitioning employees were illegally dismissed? Union officers legal, Union members illegal. The termination of UNION OFFICERS NAVA, Alsado, Baez, Bongcaras, Canen, Gerona and Remocaldo was valid and justified. BUT with respect to the dismissed UNION MEMBERS, although MCCHI submitted photographs taken at the picket line, it did not individually name those striking employees and specify the illegal act committed by each of them. Hence, the dismissal of union members who merely participated in the illegal strike was illegal.

Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

Art. 264 of the Labor Code makes a distinction between workers and union officers who participate in an illegal strike: an ordinary striking worker cannot be terminated for mere participation in an illegal strike. There must be proof that he or she committed illegal acts during a strike. A union officer, on the other hand, may be terminated from work when he knowingly participates in an illegal strike, and like other workers, when he commits an illegal act during a strike. COMPLETE: VILLARAMA, JR., J.: The 4 consolidated petitions before us involve the legality of mass termination of hospital employees who participated in strike and picketing activities. Metro Cebu Community Hospital, Inc. (MCCHI), presently known as the Visayas Community Medical Center (VCMC), is a non-stock, non-profit corporation organized under the laws of the Philippines. It operates the Metro Cebu Community Hospital (MCCH), a tertiary medical institution located at Osmea Boulevard, Cebu City. o MCCH is owned by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) and Rev. Gregorio P. Iyoy (REV. IYOY) is the Hospital Administrator. The National Federation of Labor (NFL) is the exclusive bargaining representative of the rank-and-file employees of MCCHI. o The 1987, 1991 Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs) were negotiated by NFL, with Atty. Armando Alforque as NFL Legal Counsel and Lumapguid as President of NFL-MCCH Chapter. o In the CBA effective from January 1994 until December 31, 1995, this was again negotiated by NFL together with Perla NAVA (NAVA), President of Nagkahiusang Mamumuo sa MCCH (NAMA-MCCH-NFL) signed the Proof of Posting. December 6, 1995: Since the CBA was about to expire, NAVA (as President of the local chapter) wrote REV. IYOY as administrator of MCCHI expressing the UNIONs desire to renew the CBA, attaching to her letter a statement of proposals signed/endorsed by 153 union members. o However, MCCHI returned the CBA proposal for NAVA to secure first the endorsement of the legal counsel of NFL as the official bargaining representative of MCCHI employees. Atty. Alforque of the NFL (National federation) informed MCCHI that the proposed CBA submitted by NAVA was never referred to NFL and that NFL has not authorized any other legal counsel or any person for collective bargaining negotiations. o By January 1996, the collection of union fees (check-off) was temporarily suspended by MCCHI in view of the existing conflict between the federation and its local affiliate. o Thereafter, MCCHI attempted to take over the room being used as union office but was prevented to do so by NAVA and her group who protested these actions and insisted that management directly negotiate with them for a new CBA. o

MCCHI referred the matter to Atty. Alforque, NFLs Regional Director, and advised NAVA that their group is not recognized by NFL. Thereafter, Atty. Alforque suspended the union membership of the following UNION officers for serious violation of the Constitution and By-Laws of NFL: NAVA, Canen, Jr., Gerona, Bongcaras, Remocaldo, Alsado and Baez. SALIENT points of the letter: o It appears that the abovementioned UNION officers openly declared during the General Membership Meeting of the Union that said the former (UNON officers) recognized the officers of the KMU not those of the NFL submit to the authority of the KMU not of the NFL and that they are loyal only to the KMU not to the NFL. o Said UNION officers appear to have sent a letter to REV. IYOY saying that they do not need any endorsement from NFL to negotiate their CBA with MCCHI o Such actuations constitute the following offenses in the UNIONS Constitution and By-Laws (CBL): 1. Willful violation of the CBL of the Federation a) Defying NFL in the latters instruction for NAVA to disaffiliate from the KMU; and b) disregarding the powers of the Regional Director to negotiate and sign the CBA together with the local negotiating panel subject to prior ratification by the general membership; 2. Joining or assisting another labor organization (KMU is deemed an organization that seeks to defeat the objective of establishing independent and democratic unions and seeks to replace the Federation as exclusive representative of its members) UNION officers were directed to submit written explanation on the above charges within 5 days BUT considering the gravity of the charges the UNION officers were placed under temporary suspension from their office and membership in the union immediately pending investigation and final disposition of their case in accordance with the unions CBL. The next day, several union members led by NAVA and her group launched a series of mass actions such as wearing black and red armbands/headbands, marching around the hospital premises and putting up placards, posters and streamers. Atty. Alforque immediately disowned the concerted activities being carried out by union members which are not sanctioned by NFL. o MCCHI directed the union officers led by NAVA to submit within 48 hours a written explanation why they should not be terminated for having engaged in illegal concerted activities amounting to strike, and placed them under immediate preventive suspension. o Responding to this directive, NAVA and her group denied there was a temporary stoppage of work, explaining that employees wore their

Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

armbands only as a sign of protest and reiterating their demand for MCCHI to comply with its duty to bargain collectively. o REV. IYOY, having been informed that NAVA and her group have also been suspended by NFL, directed said officers to appear before his office for investigation in connection with the illegal strike wherein they reportedly uttered slanderous and scurrilous words against the officers of the hospital, threatening other workers and forcing them to join the strike . Said union officers, however, invoked the grievance procedure provided in the CBA to settle the dispute between management and the union. On March 13 and 19, 1996, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Regional Office No. 7 issued certifications stating that there is nothing in their records which shows that NAMA-MCCH-NFL is a registered labor organization, and that said union submitted only a copy of its Charter Certificate on January 31, 1995. o MCCHI then sent individual notices to all union members asking them to submit within 72 hours a written explanation why they should not be terminated for having supported the illegal concerted activities of NAMA-MCCH-NFL which has no legal personality as per DOLE records. On March 13, 1996, NAMA-MCCH-NFL (Local Chapter) filed a Notice of Strike with the National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB) Region 7 but the same was deemed not filed for want of legal personality on the part of the filer. o NCMB likewise denied their motion for reconsideration on March 25, 1996. Despite such denial, NAVA and her group still conducted a strike vote on April 2, 1996 during which an overwhelming majority of union members approved the strike. Meanwhile, the scheduled investigations did not push through because the striking union members insisted on attending the same only as a group. o MCCHI again sent notices informing them that their refusal to submit to investigation is deemed a waiver of their right to explain their side and management shall proceed to impose proper disciplinary action under the circumstances. On March 30, 1996, MCCHI sent termination letters to union leaders and other members who participated in the strike and picketing activities. o On April 8, 1996, it also issued a cease-and-desist order to the rest of the striking employees. o For their continued picketing activities despite the said warning, more than 100 striking employees were dismissed effective April 12 and 19, 1996. Unfazed, the striking union members held more mass actions. o The means of ingress to and egress from the hospital were blocked so that vehicles carrying patients and employees were barred from entering the premises. o Placards were placed at the hospitals entrance gate stating: Please proceed to another hospital and we are on protest. o

Employees and patients reported acts of intimidation and harassment perpetrated by union leaders and members. With the intensified atmosphere of violence and animosity within the hospital premises as a result of continued protest activities by union members, MCCHI suffered heavy losses due to low patient admission rates. The hospitals suppliers also refused to make further deliveries on credit. With the volatile situation adversely affecting hospital operations and the condition of confined patients, MCCHI filed a petition for injunction in the NLRC (Cebu City) on July 9, 1996 (Injunction Case No. V-0006-96). o A TRO was issued on July 16, 1996. o MCCHI presented 12 witnesses (hospital employees and patients), including a security guard who was stabbed by an identified sympathizer while in the company of NAVAs group. o MCCHIs petition was granted and a permanent injunction was issued on September 18, 1996 enjoining the NAVA group from committing illegal acts mentioned in Art. 264 of the Labor Code On August 27, 1996, the City Government of Cebu ordered the demolition of the structures and obstructions put up by the picketing employees of MCCHI along the sidewalk, having determined the same as a public nuisance or nuisance per se. Thereafter, several complaints for illegal dismissal and unfair labor practice were filed by the terminated employees against MCCHI, REV. IYOY, UCCP and members of the Board of Trustees of MCCHI. o There were around 90 complainants/ dismissed employees. 3 complaints were lodged with LA. CASE 1 RAB-VII-02-0309-98 - pertaining to complainants Yballe, Ong, Angel and Cortez CASE 2 RAB-VII-02-0394-98 CASE 3 RAB-VII-03-0596-98

CASE 1: LABOR ARBITER: NO basis for ULP charges. Termination valid. NLRC: DISMISSED the complaint for ULP and illegal dismissal and affirming LAs decision declaring all complainants to have been validly dismissed. MR denied. CA REVERSED. Petition for certiorari is granted, ordering Private respondent MCCHI to reinstate petitioners Yballe, et al. without loss of seniority rights and other privileges; to pay them their full backwages inclusive of their allowances and other benefits computed from the time of their dismissal up to the time of their actual reinstatement. MCCHI, et al. filed MR but the CA denied. Both petitioners and private respondents in CA-G.R. SP No. 66540 appealed to this Court. Private respondent MCCHI in CA-G.R. SP No. 84998, under its new name Visayas Community Medical Center (VCMC), filed a petition for certiorari in this Court. CASE 2&3 LABOR ARBITER: NO basis for ULP charges. Termination valid. Executive LA Belarmino rendered his decision dismissing the complaints for unfair labor practice

Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

in 3 NLRC Cases (CASES 1,2,3) filed by NAVA and 90 other complainants. The charge of ULP and the strike and picketing activities were held illegal having been conducted by NAMA-MCCH-NFL which is not a legitimate labor organization. Complainants appealed to NLRC. NLRC: AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS (about the pay), declaring the dismissal of all the complainants in CASE 2 & 3 valid and legal. NLRC denied complainants MR. Hence appeal to CA. CA Dismissed on the ground of forum shopping + AFFIRMS NLRC decision but modifies as to the awards of separation pay. Out of 88 petitioners only 47 have signed the certification against forum shopping. 18 Petitioners filed MR arguing that the 47 signatories more than constitute the principal parties as the petition involves a matter of common concern to all the petitioning employees. o By resolution, the CA reinstated the case only insofar as the 47 petitioners who signed the petition are concerned. o Petitioners challenged the validity of CA order/resolution before SC in a petition for review on certiorari, docketed as G.R. No. 154113. Petitioners Employees filed a MR, while private respondents MCCH filed a motion for partial reconsideration questioning the award of separation pay. CA denied both motions. All of the above cases were consolidated as they involve similar factual circumstances and identical or related issues.

RATIO: PART 1: Dropping of petitioners who did not sign the certification against forum shopping improper (KP: Syllabus only) The certification against forum shopping must be signed by all the plaintiffs or petitioners in a case; otherwise, those who did not sign will be dropped as parties to the case. Under reasonable or justifiable circumstances, however, as when all the plaintiffs or petitioners share a common interest and invoke a common cause of action or defense, the signature of only one of them in the certification against forum shopping substantially complies with the Rule. Clearly, the CA erred in dropping as partiespetitioners those who did not sign the certification against forum shopping. PART 2: MCCHI not guilty of unfair labor practice Art. 248 (g) of the Labor Code, as amended, makes it an unfair labor practice for an employer [t]o violate the duty to bargain collectively as prescribed by the Code. The applicable provision in this case is Art. 253 which provides: ART. 253. Duty to bargain collectively when there exists a CBA.When there is a CBA, the duty to bargain collectively shall also mean that neither party shall terminate nor modify such agreement during its lifetime. However, either party can serve a written notice to terminate or modify the agreement at least sixty (60) days prior to its expiration date. It shall be the duty of both parties to keep the status quo and to continue in full force and effect the terms and conditions of the existing agreement during the 60-day period and/or until a new agreement is reached by the parties. NAMA-MCCH-NFL charged MCCHI with refusal to bargain collectively when the latter refused to meet and convene for purposes of collective bargaining. MCCHI, on its part, deferred any negotiations until the local unions dispute with the national union federation (NFL) is resolved considering that the latter is the exclusive bargaining agent which represented the rank-and-file hospital employees in CBA negotiations since 1987. Records of the NCMB and DOLE Region 7 confirmed that NAMA-MCCH-NFL had not registered as a labor organization, having submitted only its charter certificate as an affiliate or local chapter of NFL. Not being a legitimate labor organization, NAMA-MCCH-NFL is not entitled to those rights granted to a legitimate labor organization under Art. 242, specifically: o (a) To act as the representative of its members for the purpose of collective bargaining; o (b) To be certified as the exclusive representative of all the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit for purposes of collective bargaining; Aside from the registration requirement, is only the labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit which is the exclusive representative of the employees in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining, as provided in Art. 255. NAMA-MCCH-NFL is not the labor organization certified or designated by the majority of the rank-and-file hospital employees to represent them in the CBA

ISSUES: (1) WON the CA erred in dismissing the petition for certiorari (CA-G.R. SP No. 66540) with respect to the petitioners in G.R. No. 154113 for their failure to sign the certification against forum shopping; (2) WON MCCHI is guilty of unfair labor practice? NO ULP (3) WON petitioning employees were illegally dismissed? Union officers legal, Union members - illegal (4) If their termination was illegal, WON petitioning employees are entitled to separation pay, backwages, damages and attorneys fees? Dismissed union members not entitled to backwages but should be awarded separation pay in lieu of reinstatement HELD: WHEREFORE, the petition for review on certiorari in G.R. No. 187861 is DENIED while the petitions in G.R. Nos. 154113, 187778 and 196156 are PARTLY GRANTED. The Decision dated October 17, 2008 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 66540 is hereby AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS in that MCCHI is ordered to pay the petitioners in G.R. Nos. 154113 and 187778, except the petitioners who are union officers, separation pay equivalent to one month pay for every year of service, and reasonable attorneys fees in the amount of P50,000.00. The Decision dated November 7, 2008 is likewise AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS in that MCCHI is ordered to pay the private respondents in G.R. No. 196156 separation pay equivalent to one month pay for every year of service, and that the award of back wages is DELETED. The case is hereby remanded to the Executive Labor Arbiter for the recomputation of separation pay due to each of the petitioners union members in G.R. Nos. 154113, 187778 and 196156 except those who have executed compromise agreements approved by this Court.

Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

negotiations but the NFL, as evidenced by CBAs concluded in 1987, 1991 and 1994. While it is true that a local union has the right to disaffiliate from the national federation, NAMA-MCCH-NFL has not done so as there was no effort on its part to comply with the legal requisites for a valid disaffiliation during the freedom period or the last 60 days of the last year of the CBA, through a majority vote in a secret balloting in accordance with Art. 241 (d). NAVA and her group simply demanded that MCCHI directly negotiate with the local union which has not even registered as one. To prove majority support of the employees, NAMA-MCCH-NFL presented the CBA proposal allegedly signed by 153 union members. However, the petition signed by said members showed that the signatories endorsed the proposed terms and conditions without stating that they were likewise voting for or designating the NAMA-MCCH-NFL as their exclusive bargaining representative.1 In any case, NAMA-MCCH-NFL at the time of submission of said proposals was not a duly registered labor organization, hence it cannot legally represent MCCHIs rankand-file employees for purposes of collective bargaining. Hence, even assuming that NAMA-MCCH-NFL had validly disaffiliated from its mother union, NFL, it still did not possess the legal personality to enter into CBA negotiations. o A local union which is not independently registered cannot, upon disaffiliation from the federation, exercise the rights and privileges granted by law to legitimate labor organizations; thus, it cannot file a petition for certification election. Besides, the NFL as the mother union has the right to investigate members of its local chapter under the federations Constitution and By-Laws, and if found guilty to expel such members. o MCCHI therefore cannot be faulted for deferring action on the CBA proposal submitted by NAMA-MCCH-NFL in view of the union leaderships conflict with the national federation. We have held that the issue of disaffiliation is an intra-union dispute2 which must be resolved in a different forum in an action at the instance of either or both the federation and the local union or a rival labor organization, not the employer. Not being a legitimate labor organization nor the certified exclusive bargaining representative of MCCHIs rank-and-file employees, NAMA-MCCH-NFL cannot demand from MCCHI the right to bargain collectively in their behalf. Hence, MCCHIs refusal to bargain then with NAMA -MCCH-NFL cannot be considered an unfair labor practice to justify the staging of the strike.

PART 3: Strike and picketing activities conducted by union officers and members were illegal ART. 263. Strikes, picketing and lockouts.x x x o (b) Workers shall have the right to engage in concerted activities for purposes of collective bargaining or for their mutual benefit and protection. The right of legitimate labor organizations to strike and picket and of employers to lockout, consistent with the national interest, shall continue to be recognized and respected. However, no labor union may strike and no employer may declare a lockout on grounds involving inter-union and intra-union disputes. As borne by the records, NAMA-MCCH-NFL was not a duly registered or an independently registered union at the time it filed the notice of strike on March 13, 1996 and when it conducted the strike vote on April 2, 1996. It could not then legally represent the union members. Consequently, the mandatory notice of strike and the conduct of the strike vote report were ineffective for having been filed and conducted by NAMA-MCCH-NFL which has no legal personality as a legitimate labor organization, in violation of Art. 263 (c), (d) and (f) of the Labor Code and Rule XXII, Book V of the Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code.3 Furthermore, the strike was illegal due to the commission of the following prohibited activities:4 o (1) violence, coercion, intimidation and harassment against nonparticipating employees; and o (2) blocking of free ingress to and egress from the hospital, including preventing patients and their vehicles from entering the hospital and other employees from reporting to work, the putting up of placards with a statement advising incoming patients to proceed to another hospital because MCCHI employees are on strike/protest.
3

ART. 263. Strikes, picketing and lockouts. xxxx (c) In cases of bargaining deadlocks, the duly certified or recognized bargaining agent may file a notice of strike or the employer may file a notice of lockout with the Department at least 30 days before the intended date thereof. In cases of unf air labor practice, the period of notice shall be 15 days and in the absence of a duly certified or recognized bargaining agent, the notice of strike may be filed by any legitimate labor organization in behalf of its members . However, in case of dismissal from employment of union officers duly elected in accordance with the union constitution and b y-laws, which may constitute union busting, where the existence of the union is threatened, the 15-day cooling-off period shall not apply and the union may take action immediately. (As amended by Executive Order No. 111, December 24, 1986.) (d) The notice must be in accordance with such implementing rules and regulations as the Department of Labor and Employment may promulgate. x x x x (f) A decision to declare a strike must be approved by a majority of the total union membership in the bargaining unit concerned, obtained by secret ballot in meetings or referenda called for that purpose. A decision to declare a lockout must b e approved by a majority of the board of directors of the corporation or association or of the partners in a partnership, obtained by secret ballot in a meeting called for that purpose. The decision shall be valid for the duration of the dispute based on subs tantially the same grounds considered when the strike or lockout vote was taken. The Department may, at its own initiative or upon the request of any affected party, supervise the conduct of the secret balloting. In every case, the union or the employer shall furnish the Ministry the voting at least seven days before the intended strike or lockout, subject to the cooling-off period herein provided. (As amended by Batas Pambansa Bilang 130, August 21, 1981 and further amended by Executive Order No. 111, December 24, 1986.) Rule XXII, Book V of the Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code reads: SEC. 6. Who may declare a strike or lockout.Any certified or duly recognized bargaining representative may declare a strike in cases of bargaining deadlocks and unfair labor practices. The employer may declare a lockout in the same cases. In the absence of a certified or duly recognized bargaining representative, any legitimate labor organization in the establishment may declare a strike but only on grounds of unfair labor practice. (Emphasis supplied.)
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Art. 255. Exclusive bargaining representation and workers participation in policy and decision -making.The labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit shall be the exclusive representative of the employees in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining. x x x 2 43 An intra-union dispute refers to any conflict between and among union members, including grievances arising from any violation of the rights and conditions of membership, violation of or disagreement over any provision of the unions constitu tion and by-laws, or disputes arising from chartering or disaffiliation of the union. Sections 1 and 2, Rule XI of Department Order No. 40-03, Series of 2003 of the DOLE enumerate the following circumstances as inter/intra-union disputes, viz.: x x x x (e) validity/invalidity of union affiliation or disaffiliation;
1

(e) of the Labor Code provides: No person engaged in picketing shall commit any act of violence, coercion or intimidation or obstruct the free ingress to or egress from the employers premises for lawful purposes, or obstruct public thoroughfares.

Labor2 Digest. ALS 2015. Digested by Karen Pascual. Atty. Cadiz.

As shown by photographs submitted by MCCHI, as well as the findings of the NCMB and Cebu City Government, the hospital premises and sidewalk within its vicinity were full of placards, streamers and makeshift structures that obstructed its use by the public who were likewise barraged by the noise coming from strikers using megaphones. On the other hand, the affidavits51 executed by several hospital employees and patients narrated in detail the incidents of harassment, intimidation, violence and coercion, some of these witnesses have positively identified the perpetrators. The prolonged work stoppage and picketing activities of the striking employees severely disrupted hospital operations that MCCHI suffered heavy financial losses. The findings of the Executive Labor Arbiter and NLRC, as sustained by the appellate court, clearly established that the striking union members created so much noise, disturbance and obstruction that the local government authorities eventually ordered their removal for being a public nuisance. This was followed by an injunction from the NCMB enjoining the union leaders from further blocking the free ingress to and egress from the hospital, and from committing threats, coercion and intimidation against non-striking employees and patients/vehicles desiring to enter for the purpose of seeking medical treatment/confinement. By then, the illegal strike had lasted for almost five months.

The termination of union officers NAVA, Alsado, Baez, Bongcaras, Canen, Gerona and Remocaldo was valid and justified. With respect to the dismissed union members, although MCCHI submitted photographs taken at the picket line, it did not individually name those striking employees and specify the illegal act committed by each of them. Hence, the dismissal of union members who merely participated in the illegal strike was illegal.

PART 4: Consequences of illegal strike to union officers and members Art. 264 (a) of the Labor Code, as amended, provides for the consequences of an illegal strike to the participating workers: o x x x Any union officer who knowingly participates in illegal strike and any worker or union officer who knowingly participates in the commission of illegal acts during a strike may be declared to have lost his employment status: o Provided, That mere participation of a worker in a lawful strike shall not constitute sufficient ground for termination of his employment, even if a replacement had been hired by the employer during such lawful strike. The above provision makes a distinction between workers and union officers who participate in an illegal strike: o An ordinary striking worker cannot be terminated for mere participation in an illegal strike. There must be proof that he or she committed illegal acts during a strike. o A union officer, on the other hand, may be terminated from work when he knowingly participates in an illegal strike, and like other workers, when he commits an illegal act during a strike. Considering their persistence in holding picketing activities despite the declaration by the NCMB that their union was not duly registered as a legitimate labor organization and the letter from NFLs legal counsel informing that their acts constitute disloyalty to the national federation, and their filing of the notice of strike and conducting a strike vote notwithstanding that their union has no legal personality to negotiate with MCCHI for collective bargaining purposes, there is no question that NAMA-MCCH-NFL officers knowingly participated in the illegal strike.

PART 5: Dismissed union members not entitled to backwages but should be awarded separation pay in lieu of reinstatement Since there is no clear proof that union members actually participated in the commission of illegal acts during the strike, they are not deemed to have lost their employment status as a consequence of a declaration of illegality of the strike. Petitioners assail the CA in not ordering their reinstatement with back wages. Invoking stare decisis, they cited the case of Bascon v. CA decided by this Court in 2004 and which involved two former hospital employees who likewise sued MCCHI after the latter terminated their employment due to their participation in the same illegal strike led by NAMA-MCCH-NFL. However, the SC said that the doctrine of stare decisis would not be applied in this case . Said doctrine is not cast in stone upon a showing that circumstances attendant in a particular case override the great benefits derived by our judicial system from the doctrine of stare decisis. Thus, the Court, especially with a new membership, is not obliged to follow blindly a particular decision that it determines, after re-examination, to call for a rectification. Separation pay is made an alternative relief in lieu of reinstatement in certain circumstances, like: o (a) when reinstatement can no longer be effected in view of the passage of a long period of time or because of the realities of the situation; o (b) reinstatement is inimical to the employers interest; o (c) reinstatement is no longer feasible; o (d) reinstatement does not serve the best interests of the parties involved; o (e) the employer is prejudiced by the workers continued employment; o (f) facts that make execution unjust or inequitable have supervened; or o (g) strained relations between the employer and employee. Considering that 15 years had lapsed from the onset of this labor dispute, and in view of strained relations that ensued, in addition to the reality of replacements already hired by the hospital which had apparently recovered from its huge losses, and with many of the petitioners either employed elsewhere, already old and sickly, or otherwise incapacitated, separation pay without back wages is the appropriate relief.