Strength Tests On Concrete: (1) Compressive Strength Test (ASTM C 39)
Strength Tests On Concrete: (1) Compressive Strength Test (ASTM C 39)
Strength Tests On Concrete: (1) Compressive Strength Test (ASTM C 39)
Effect of specimen diameter: For the same length-to-diameter ratio, the compressive strength decreases as the diameter increases.
Effect of Length-to-Diameter Ratio: The compressive strength decreases as the L/D ratio increases.
Relationship between modulus of rupture (R) and compressive strength (fc'): ACI Equation: R= 7.5 fc' (in psi)
Tensile Strength, T = 2P/ld P = maximum applied load l = length of specimen; d = diameter of specimen
(3) Effects of air entrainment - For a fixed w/c, strength decreases as air entrainment increases. The reduction in strength is more for higher strength concrete than for lower strength concrete.
(4) Effects of aggregate size - For high-strength concrete, strength decreases as the maximum size of aggregate increases. The effect is less for lower-strength concrete.
(5) Effects of aggregate grading - When a change in aggregate grading causes a change in the consistency and the bleeding characteristics of the fresh concrete, the strength of the concrete can be adversely affected by the change in aggregate grading. Mixes 1 & 2 had the same w/c
(6) Effects of Aggregate Type - Calcareous aggregate gives higher strength than siliceous aggregate. The difference is more substantial for high strength concrete. Roughtextured aggregate gives higher strength than smooth one.
Effects of Curing Temperature - Strength development improves with higher curing temperature
Stress versus Axial Strain & Lateral Strain Plots for Concrete under Uniaxial Compression
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(1) Behavior of Concrete Under Uniaxial Compression (Continued) - The higher the rate of loading, the higher the observed strength value. However, within the range of customary testing, the effect of rate of loading on strength is not large. - Under repeated loading at stresses above 50% of fc, the elastic modulus and the compressive strength decreases as the number of cycle increases. (2) Behavior of Concrete Under Uniaxial Tension - The elastic modulus and Poissons ratio of concrete under tension are similar to those under compression. - The average load carrying area is reduced as new cracks develop in tension. Failure in tension is caused by a few bridging cracks rather than by numerous cracks.
(3) Shear strength of concrete = approximately 20% of the uniaxial compressive strength = the shear stress at the point the failure envelope intersects the vertical axis
(4) Behavior under Biaxial Stresses - When concrete is under compressive stresses in two directions, the compressive strength increases. The increase may be up to 27%. - When concrete is under compressive stress in one direction and tensile stress in another direction, the compressive strength decreases as the applied tensile stress increases. - When concrete is under tensile stresses in two directions, the tensile strength is approximately equal to the uniaxial tensile strength.
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Stress-Strain Plots of Concrete under Combined Tension-Compression Biaxial Stresses Compressive strength decreases as applied tensile stress increases.
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