Modal Verbs

The Origin of the Universe

Newtons work gave a mathematical basis for the universe on a large scale. However, the data available at his time suggested a static unchanging universe. This could not be explained by the law of gravitation, since all bodies in the universe attract each other by the force of gravity. Newton realized there was only one solution to this problem in a static universe matter must be uniformly spread throughout an infinitely large space. !n "#$%, Heinrich &lbers published a paper containing what is known as &lbers paradox the universe had to be finite and uniform to avoid gravitational collapse. This assumption must have been wrong because it re'uired perpetually bright sky on earth. (oth Newton and &lbers incorrectly imagined space to be infinite and independent of the matter it contained. )instein in his general theory of relativity *"+",- proposed that the universe exists in four.dimensional space.time. This space.time is curved by the presence of matter and the matter moves following the resulting curves. The discovery of expanding universe by Hubble in "+$+ provided the starting point of our present understanding of the universe. Hubble made his discovery by analyzing the spectra of light from distant galaxies noting redshift, which he explained in terms of the /oppler effect the sources were moving away from the observer. 0oreover, he discovered a pattern in his data the further away the galaxy, the greater the speed of away motion. This model may seem to place the )arth at the center of the universe again. However, it is the space itself that is expanding and the galaxies are situated in this space like dots in a ring. 1s the ring expands, the view from any dot is that other dots are moving away at a speed proportional to their distance. No single dot is at the center, but all dots see the same. Hubbles discovery satisfies the cosmological principle that the universe should appear the same no matter where one is. )xpansion of the universe also implies that there once must have been a time when space and time were minutely small with all the matter and energy of the universe concentrated in this small volume. Exercise 1. !n the above text find modal verbs which say that . something wasnt possible . something is possible now . we are sure something is true now . we are sure something happened . something is obligatory Exercise 2. !n which case does the modal verb express modality *0- and in which case does it express possibility *2or certainty *3-4 Newton couldnt use present.day technologies. He had to rely on observation. He must have been influenced by the data available at his time He might have been mistaken. Today we may rely on high.tech research procedures. The expanding universe may be explained by big bang. Exercise 3. 2ut the sentences into 2ast Tense. ". ! must begin now. $. 5ou dont have to come. 6. 5ou cant mean it. 7. 5ou should help me. ,. The data must be wrong. %. ! cant speak 8erman. 9. :e may use calculators at the exam.

#. 5ou may be right. Exercise 4. 0ake the following text less resolute using may might can co!ld. The universe originated as a minute but very hot body. The temperature has been continuously falling as the expansion has continued. ;ariations in background radiation discovered in "++$ explain why the universe formed into galaxies and stars. !n a uniform universe there is no reason for a gravitational collapse at any point. The four fundamental forces in the universe originated from a single force. This force existed when the big bang occurred. 1s the universe cooled, the forces separated. <esearch into the future is only speculative. The universe will continue to expand indefinitely or an eventual contraction will occur. Exercise ". 0atch sentences "., with the explanations in a.e. ". $. 6. 7. ,. They couldnt = cant have done it. They should have done it. They neednt have done it. They might = may not have done it. They must have done it. a. b. c. d. e. They didnt do it. They did it but it wasnt necessary. ! am sure they did it. ! dont believe they did it. ! am not sure they did it or not.

Exercise #. >se suitable modal verbs to complete the sentences. ". However angry you are, you ??????? never talk to people like that. $. This report is urgent @ you ???????. finish it by four oclock. 6. ???????. ! help you with the report4 7. Aohn ????? have gone home, his 23 is still onB ,. 5ou ?????.. have checked the data, ! did it yesterday. %. Comething bad ?????. have happened to Aoan, she has never been late like this. 9. 5ou ???????.. have deleted the file, you ?????? need it later. #. The secretary ??????? have already left, but ! am not sure. 3heck her office.

".

This train travels from Dondon EEEEEE 2aris. *at, to$. :e stood at the back EEEEEE the theater. *of, on6. Che went to <ome EEEEEEEEEE France. *versus, via7. The store is open daily EEEEEEEE 0onday to Friday. *for, from,. ! took my hat EEEEEEEE the table. *of, off%. He looks EEEEEEEE his brother. *despite, like9. The children ran EEEEEEEE the school. *of, out of#. He opened the box EEEEEEEE a screwdriver. *at, with-

+. ! will work EEEEEEEEE five oGclock. *until, up"H. :e walked EEEEEEEEEE the restaurant. *despite, past"". 1t three oGclock we reached the top EEEEEEE the hill. *of, off"$. 5ou have delivered all of the papers EEEEEEEEEE this one. *between, but"6. The bank is EEEEEEEEE the school. *opposite, out of"7. EEEEEEEEEE the danger, he decided to climb the mountain. *despite, except",. The treasure was hidden EEEEEEEEEE the earth. *under, up to"%. $ comes EEEEEEEEEE % in the alphabet. *before, behind"9. ! went to work EEEEEEEEEEEE my umbrella. *out of, without"#. :hen it is heated, water changes EEEEEEEEE steam. *in, into"+. Nocturnal animals usually sleep EEEEEEEEEE the day. *during, underneath$H. The s'uirrel ran EEEEEEEEE the wall. *along, among$. 2aying attention to the uses of the prepositions among, at, beside, besides, bet&een, for, in, on and since, fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions chosen from those given in brackets. For example They live EE 6,+ Couthdale 1venue. *at, onThey live at 6,+ Couthdale 1venue. The :e meeting will take place EE Tuesday. *at, onThe meeting will take place on Tuesday. have been traveling EEE several days. *for, :e have been traveling for several sincedays.

Che has been working EEEEE six oGclock this morning. *for, sinceChe has been working since six oGclock this morning. ". He lives EEEEEE "+ Tower <oad. *at, on$. :e will be gone EEEEEEEE two days. *for, since6. Tom and his friend will divide the money EEEEEEEEEEE themselves. *among, between7. They will be returning EEEEEE November. *in, on,. ! have known him EEEEEEEE three years. *for, since%. 0any foods EEEEEEEEEEEE milk contain calcium. *beside, besides9. ! will arrive EEEEEE six oGclock. *at, in#. He has been gone EEEEEEEEEE Friday. *for, since+. The store is located EEEEEE North Ctreet. *at, on"H. Che is leaving EEEEEE five minutes. *at, in"". (ridget, Deslie and Carah will discuss the matter EEEEEEEEE themselves. *among, between"$. ! have known her EEEEEEEEEE last year. *for, since-

"6. :e expect them EEEEEE :ednesday. *in, on"7. The cat was sitting EEEEEEEEEEE the stove. *beside, besides",. The play begins EEEEEE seven thirty. *at, on"%. :e waited EEEEEEEEEE fifteen minutes. *for, since"9. 3olumbus crossed the 1tlantic EEEEEE "7+$. *at, in"#. There are many possibilities EEEEEEEEEE the ones ! have mentioned. *beside, besides"+. Che will call us EEEEEE half an hour. *at, in$H. His birthday is EEEEEE the #th of Aanuary. *in, on-

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

1 Things were different _____ I was young.

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2 I do it _____ I like it.

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3 et us wait here _____ the rain sto!s.

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" #ou cannot be a lawyer _____ you ha$e a law degree.

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% That was years _____ years ago.

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& 'he has not called _____ she left last week.
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( I saw hi) lea$ing an hour _____ two ago.

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* This is an e+!ensi$e _____ $ery useful book.

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, -e were getting tired _____ we sto!!ed for a rest.

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1. /e was angry _____ he heard when ha!!ened.

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11 -alk 0uickly _____ you will be late.

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12 /e had to retire _____ of ill health.

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13 -e will go swi))ing ne+t 'unday _____ it1s raining.

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1" I heard a noise _____ I turned the light on.

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1% -ould you like a coffee _____ tea2

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1& 3o you know _____ she will arri$e2

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1( _____ the car is old it still runs well.

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1* 3o you want a !en _____ a bit of !a!er2

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1, I would like to go _____ I a) too busy.

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2. 'he will die _____ the doctors o!erate i))ediately.

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1. I think the e+a) will be $ery difficult and you are not studying at all. you are not going to fail the e+a) you are not !assing the e+a) you are not going to !ass the e+a) 2. 4et down off that table. It doesn1t look $ery stable at all. you are going to stand on the table you are going fall off the table you are going to fall off the table

3. The lion is chasing the deer and the deer has an in5ured leg. the deer is going to esca!e the lion is going to catch the deer the deer is going to catch the lion ". It is raining $ery hard and ia) is walking in the street without an u)brella. ia) is going to get $ery wet it is going to rain ia) is going to forget his u)brella %. The wind is blowing $ery hard and one of the big trees in the garden is )aking strange creaking noises. it is going to rain the tree is going to creak the tree is going to fall down &. The roo) is full of dust and 6ohn is holding his nose and )aking a strange e+!ression with his face. 6ohn is going to clean the roo) 6ohn is going snee7e 6ohn is going to snee7e (. The Chicago 8ulls are winning the basketball )atch against the os 9ngeles akers by ,* !oints to *1. There are only ,. seconds left. the 9 akers going to lose the )atch the Chicago 8ulls will winning the )atch the Chicago 8ulls are going to win the )atch *. It is raining and the sky is $ery dark. The te)!erature is falling $ery 0uickly and there are gritting lorries out in the town.

there is going to be bad weather it is going to snow it is going to cold ,. :olly is an e)otional ty!e. 'he is watching a $ery sad fil) and the heroine has 5ust died. :olly is reaching for her tissues. :olly is going to cry :olly is going to tele!hone her friend :olly is going to watch a fil) 1.. The fishing boat has a hole in its side and the wa$es are getting higher and higher. The fishing boat is going to sink The fishing boat going to sink The fishing boat is going to the ho)e !ort

Juvenile Crime
Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents and is considered a serious problem all over the world. It is caused by social, economic and cultural factors. This juvenile criminality is apparent in marginal sectors of urban areas where children are exposed to violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims. Because delinquents basic education, if they have any, is poor they have been marginalized from society and destitute of any dignity or self esteem. lthough most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with young criminals, such as juvenile detention centers and suppression, approaches to prevent youth from becoming delinquent should also include measures to instill equality and justice, fight poverty and create an atmosphere of hope and peace among youth. These preventive policies should be given priorities over any coercive measures. !ocioeconomic opportunities and administrative services should be provided in rural areas to discourage young people from migrating to urban areas. !imilarly, youth from poor urban settings should benefit from plans that focus on education, employment and access to leisure programs ,

especially during long school holidays. "oung people who drop out of school or come from bro#en families should have access to specific social programs that help them become responsible adults. Information campaigns should be planned to sensitize youth to be aware of the detrimental effects of violence on the family, community and society, to teach them how to communicate without violence. $ocus on the importance of family should become a priority because it is the primary institution of socialization of youth and continues to play an important role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and underage crime.

Educational System in England

This page describes the educational system in %ngland. The educational system in the &# differs from the educational systems in the other parts of Britain. The %nglish educational system is divided into primary, secondary and higher education 'hildren are required to start school at the age of five. 'ompulsory education lasts until the age of sixteen. (ost pupils transfer from primary to secondary education at the age of eleven. !tudents may then continue their secondary studies for a further two years )sixth form*, leading most typically to an level qualification, although other qualifications and courses exist, including Business and Technology %ducation 'ouncil )BT%'* qualifications and the International Baccalaureate. +igher education typically begins with a ,-year Bachelor.s /egree. 0ostgraduate degrees include (aster.s /egrees, either taught or by research, and /octor of 0hilosophy, a research degree that usually ta#es at least , years.

Who are some of the women who changed the world?

1ho can regret the importance of women in our every day life2 1omen help not only with the housewor# but also in the progress of countries. They have reached a high place comparable to that of men in all fields3 politics, business, sport, art, literature etc. +ere is a list of seven women who made history. 1. Benazir Bhutto Benazir Bhutto was a 0a#istani-born politician, with 0a#istani and 4urdish origin, who chaired the 0a#istan 0eoples 0arty )000*, a centre-left political party in 0a#istan. Bhutto was the first woman elected to lead a (uslim state, having twice been 0rime (inister of 0a#istan )567785669: 566,8 566;*. !he was 0a#istan.s first and to date only female prime minister. she was assassinated on <= /ecember <99=, after departing a 000 rally in the 0a#istani city of >awalpindi, two wee#s before the scheduled 0a#istani general election of <997 in which she was a leading opposition candidate

2. Indira andhi Indira andhi was born Indira ?ehru to @awaharlal ?ehru. !he was the third 0rime (inister of the >epublic of India for three consecutive terms from 56;; to 56== and for a fourth term from 5679 until her assassination in 567A, a total of fifteen years. India.s only female prime minister to date, she remains the world.s longest serving female 0rime (inister as of <955. !he was also the only Indian 0rime (inister to have declared an emergency in order to .rule by decree. and the only Indian 0rime (inister to have been imprisoned. !. "hadi#a $int "huwaylid "hadi#ah $int "huwaylid was the first wife of the Islamic prophet (uhammad. 4hadijah successfully managed her father.s business interests and preserved the family.s fortune. It is said that when the Buraysh.s trade caravans gathered to embar# upon their lengthy and arduous journey either to !yria during the summer or to "emen during the winter, 4hadijah.s caravan equalled the caravans of all other traders of the Buraish put together. !he is important in Islam as (uhammad.s first wife, and one of the Cmothers of the believersC . %. &argaret 'hatcher In 56=D &argaret 'hatcher became Eeader of the 'onservative 0arty and became the first woman to head a major &4 political party. $ollowing the 56=6 general election she became Britain.s first female 0rime (inister. +er political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation, particularly of the financial sector, flexible labour mar#ets, and the sale or closure of state-owned companies and withdrawal of subsidies to others. !he survived an assassination attempt in 567A. !he too# a hard line against trade unions, and her tough rhetoric in opposition to the !oviet &nion earned her the nic#name of the CIron EadyC. (. &other 'heresa &other 'heresa was a 'atholic nun of lbanian ethnicity and Indian citizenship. !he founded the (issionaries of 'harity in 'alcutta, India in 56D9. $or over AD years she ministered to the poor, sic#, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the (issionaries of 'harity.s expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries. !he was internationally renowned as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a documentary and boo# Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. !he won the ?obel 0eace 0rize in 56=6 and India.s highest civilian honour, the Bharat >atna, in 5679 for her humanitarian wor#. ). *osa +ar,s 1-1!.2// *osa 0ouise &cCauley +ar,s )$ebruary A, 565, 8 Fctober <A, <99D* was an frican- merican civil rights activist, whom the &.!. 'ongress called Cthe first lady of civil rightsC, and Cthe mother of the freedom movementC. Fn /ecember 5, 56DD in (ontgomery, labama, 0ar#s refused to obey bus driver @ames Bla#e.s order that she give up her seat to ma#e room for a white passenger. 0ar#s. act of defiance became an important symbol of the modern 'ivil >ights (ovement and 0ar#s became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. !he organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including boycott leader (artin Euther 4ing, @r., helping to launch him to national prominence in the civil rights movement.

1. 2imone de Beauvoir 1-/3.1-3) 2imone de Beauvoir was a $rench existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. !he wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and social issues. !he is now best #nown for her metaphysical novels, including She Came to Stay and The Mandarins, and for her 56A6 treatise The Second Sex, a detailed analysis of women.s oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism. !he is also noted for her lifelong polyamorous relationship with @ean-0aul !artre.

'i4s to succeed in your career

Because the world has become so competitive, you will have to do your best to secure your share of success. The following are tips to get you ahead in your career. 1. +riorities and goals 1hat are your priorities of the day2 (a#e a list and of your priorities and plan your day. The tas#s of the day must be outlined with the most important and urgent ones on top. Ei#ewise determine your short-term and long-term goals and evaluate your progress frequently. 2. Be focused re you really present physically and mentally. Try to bloc# out all distractions so that you have the time to truly focus on your tas#s and career. !. Broaden your s,ills ?othing remains the same and so do job requirements. &pdate your #nowledge and s#ills. !ee# improvement of your #now-hows. ttend seminars, conferences, read boo#s, be an eternal learner. %. 2ocialize Be ready to participate in social functions. Be open to new acquaintances. (eet new people and deal with them respectfully and enthusiastically. Be an active listener: you will surely learn something new... (. "now your merits 4now your strengths and wea#nesses. If you thin# you deserve a position or promotion, claim it.

). 5cce4t challenge Through challenge you will reach areas of your personality you have never discovered before. It is a good idea to step away from your comfort zone to explore new horizons. If you settle into a routine and play it safe all the time, you will never get ahead in your career. .If you always do what you.ve always done, you.ll only get what you.ve already got. 1. Communication Eearn to communicate effectively. Eisten to what others are saying and focus on how to give and receive constructive feedbac#, to persuade effectively and to as# for help and collect information. 3. 5void gossi4 void office gossip about colleagues and the boss. Be respectful and wor# for the good of the company. - *ela6 >elax and do something different, a hobby that you love doing. Ta#e time off for yourself. This will help boost your productivity during wee# days. 1/. 2ee, satisfaction If you are disappointed with what you are doing, try to transform it into something you love. If you fail, it might be a good idea to do something different. s 'onfucius said3 . Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life .

Reading Comprehension - The History of Pizza

7evelo4 your reading s,ills. *ead the following te6t and do the com4rehension questions The modern pizza was originally invented in ?aples, Italy but the word pizza is Gree# in origin, derived from the Gree# word !"ktos meaning solid or clotted. The ancient Gree#s covered their bread with oils, herbs and cheese. The first major innovation that led to flat bread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. It was common for the poor of the area around ?aples to add tomato to their yeast-based flat bread, and so the pizza began. 1hile it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza, it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by ba#er >affaele %sposito of ?aples. In fact, a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal pizza, 0izza (argherita, was invented in 5776, when the >oyal 0alace of 'apodimonte commissioned the ?eapolitan pizzaiolo >affaele %sposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Bueen (argherita. Ff the three different pizzas he created, the Bueen strongly preferred a pie swathed in the colors of the Italian flag3 red

)tomato*, green )basil*, and white )mozzarella*. !upposedly, this #ind of pizza was then named after the Bueen as 0izza (argherita.

Reading Comprehension - Pollution and its Negative Effects 7evelo4 your reading s,ills. *ead the following te6t on 4ollution and its effect on the environment. 'hen answer the com4rehension questions
0ollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or indirectly. +uman health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution. 0ollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the environment. The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is bro#en. The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear accidents ... These can have terrible consequences on people and the planet where they live3 destruction of the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air ... 0reventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate the application of the principles of sustainable development. we have to consider to satisfy the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should remedy existing pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to protect the environment and public health. ny environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

2tereoty4es
stereoty4e is a fixed idea that people have about what specific social groups or individuals are li#e, especially an idea that is wrong. Fther terms that are associated with the term stereotype are !rejudice and clich#. The term has a Gree# origin3 stereos means solid or firm and ty!os mean bl ow, im!ression, engraved or mark. The term was

first used in the printing business. The first modern %nglish use of the term was in 57D9, meaning Cimage perpetuated without change.C Because stereotypes are standardized and simplified ideas of groups, based on some prejudices, they are not derived from objective facts, but rather subjective and often unverifiable ideas. s !ociologist 'harles %. +urst statesH CFne reason for stereotypes is the lac# of personal, concrete familiarity that individuals have with persons in other racial or ethnic groups. Eac# of familiarity encourages the lumping together of un#nown individualsC. The existence of stereotypes may be explained by the need of groups of people to view themselves as more normal or more superior than other groups. 'onsequently, stereotypes may be used to justify ill-founded prejudices or ignorance and prevent people of stereotyped groups from entering or succeeding in various activities or fields. The stereotyping group are, generally, reluctant to reconsider their attitudes and behavior towards stereotyped group. !tereotypes may affect people negatively. This includes forming inaccurate and distorted images and opinions of people. !tereotypes may also be used for scapegoating or for ma#ing general erroneous judgments about people. !ome stereotyping people may feel comfortable when they prevent themselves from emotional identification with the stereotyped group, which leads to xenophobic or racist behavior. $inally another serious consequence of stereotypes is the feeling of inferiority that the stereotyped people may have and which may impair their performance.

8$esity
8$esity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy andIor increased health problems. Body mass index )B(I*, a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight )pre-obese* when their B(I is between <D #gIm< and ,9 #gIm<, and obese when it is greater than ,9 #gIm<. Fbesity increases the li#elihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type < diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Fbesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lac# of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. %vidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited: on average obese people have a greater

energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass. The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. To supplement this, or in case of failure, anti-obesity drugs may be ta#en to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume andIor bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food. Fbesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the <5st century. Fbesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world )particularly in the 1estern world*, though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

9ealth Benefits of :asting

$asting is part and parcel of the practices of many religions including, Islam, @udaism and 'hristianity. Today many are trying to dig up the benefits of fasting. !ome people fast for spiritual reasons while others fast as a way to physically discipline the body. 1hatever reasons one might come up with, it has been scientifically proved that fasting has tremendous health benefits. $irst, fasting is said to play an important role in the detoxification of the body. /etoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing toxins through the colon, liver, #idneys, lungs, lymph glands, and s#in. This process starts when fasting. $ood no longer enters the body and the latter turns to fat reserves for energy. These fat reserves were created when excess glucose and carbohydrates were not used for energy or growth, not excreted, and therefore converted into fat. 1hen the fat reserves are used for energy during a fast, it releases the chemicals from the fatty acids into the system which are then eliminated through the body organs, leading to the cleansing of the whole body. n other #nown benefit of fasting is the healing process that is obvious in the body during a fast. 1hen fasting energy is diverted away from the digestive system due to its lac# of use and towards the metabolism and immune system. The healing process during a fast is made easy by the body.s search for energy sources. bnormal growths within the body, tumors and the li#e, do not have the full support of the body.s supplies and therefore are more susceptible to disappear. $asting also leads to a feeling of rejuvenation and extended life expectancy. This might be due to the detoxification effect of fasting. study was performed on earthworms that showed the extension of life than#s to fasting. The experiment was performed in the 56,9s by isolating one worm and putting it on a cycle of fasting and feeding. The isolated worm outlived the other worms by 56 generations, while still maintaining its freshness and youthful physiological characteristics.

1' %arbara and her h!sband (((((((((((((((((( the so!th of Morocco by the end of next &ee) * +&ill have been visited * +&ill had visited * +&ill have visited 2' ,ext &ee) that football -layer (((((((((((((((((( &ith o!r national team for six years. * +&ill have -layed * +&ill have -lay * +&on.t -layed 3' %y 2/2/ o!r -o-!lation (((((((((((((((((( enormo!sly * +&ill have increased * +&on.t increased. * +&ill increased 4' %y the beginning of 0!ne my father (((((((((((((((((( to 1rance. * +&ill have ret!rned * +ret!rn * +&ill ret!rned "' T&o ne& -rivate radio stations (((((((((((((((((( by the end of the next month. * +&ill have started * +&o!ld have started * +&ill had started

#' Many &omen (((((((((((((((((( this association by the beginning of the next year * +&ill have 2oined * +&o!ld 2oin * +&o!ld have 2oined 3' The school library (((((((((((((((((( many interesting boo)s and maga4ines by the end of this month * +&ill have received * +&ill have receive * +&ill receive 5' This time next year h!ndreds of -alm trees (((((((((((((((((( in o!r area * +&ill have -lanted * +&ill have been -lanted * +&ill -lanted 6' $ ne& generation of mobile -hones (((((((((((((((((( in the mar)et by the end of the decade. * +&ill la!nched * +&ill have been la!nched * +&ill have la!nched 1/' $ considerable n!mber of em-loyees (((((((((((((((((( in that international com-any by next 0!ne * +&ill have been hired * +&ill hired * +&ill have be hired 11' 7cientists (((((((((((((((((( a ne& vaccine for $897 in ten years * +&ill have -ossibly develo-ed * +&ill had -ossibly develo-ed * +&ill -ossibly develo-ed