MATHS Olevels Notes
MATHS Olevels Notes
MATHS Olevels Notes
Number of sides 5 6 7 8 9 10
Triangles
Triangle Equilateral Property All sides of equal length All angles are equal Each angle is 60 Isoceles
o
All sides are of unequal length All 3 angles in the triangle are acute angles 1 of the 3 angles is obtuse 1 of the 3 angles is 90
o
Quadrilaterals
Quadrilateral Rectangle Square Parallelogram Rhombus Trapezium Property All sides meet at 90
o o
All sides are of equal length 2 pairs of parallel lines All sides are of equal length 2 pairs of parallel lines Exactly 1 pair of parallel sides
their corresponding sides are proportional their corresponding angles are equal
Congruent Figures
Congruent figures are exactly the same size and shape. 2 triangles are congruent if they satisfy any of the following: a. SSS property: All 3 sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides of the other triangle.
b. SAS property: 2 given sides and a given angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and angle of the other triangle.
c. AAS property: 2 given angles and a given side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and side of the other triangle.
d. RHS property: The hypothenuse and a given side of a right-angled triangle are equal to the hypothenuse and the corresponding side of the other right-angled triangle.
Bearings
A bearing is an angle, measured clockwise from the north direction.
Symmetry
Shape Number of lines of symmetry 3 1 4 2 1 1 0 2 5 6 Order of rotational symmetry 3 1 4 2 1 1 2 2 5 6 Centre of point symmetry Yes None Yes Yes None None Yes Yes Yes Yes
Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Square Rectangle Kite Isosceles trapezium Parallelogram Rhombus Regular pentagon Regular hexagon
Angle properties
No. Property Explanation Example
Angles on a straight line add up to 180o 2 angles arecomplementary is they add up to 90o 2 angles are called supplementary if they add up to 180o
Angles at a point
sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon = (n-2) x 180o each interior angle of a regular n-sided polygon = (n-2) x 180o /n
sum of exterior angles of an n-sided polygon is 360o each exterior angle of a regular n-sided polygon = 360o / n
Mensuration
But here's a quick reference for the important ones...
Area of Figures
Triangle
Trapezium
Parallelogram
A=b x h
Circle
Sector
Radian Measure
Radian is another common unit to measure angles. A radian is a measure of the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle. To convert radians to degrees and vice versa, use these formulas:
Volume of Figures
Cube
Cuboid
Cylinder
Sphere
Prism
Pyramid
Cone
Trigonometry
Pythagora's theorem
Trigonometrical Ratio
SINE RULE
COSINE RULE
Area of Triangle
Statistics
Mean
Mode
The mode is the most frequent value.
Median
The median of a group of numbers is the number in the middle, when the numbers are in order of magnitude (in increasing order). If you have n numbers in a group, the median in:
Types of Chart
1. Bar chart: the heights of the bars represent the frequency. The data is discrete.
3. Histogram: it is a vertical bar graph with no gaps between the bars. The area of each bar is proportional to the frequency it represents.
4. Stem-and-leaf diagram: a diagram that summarises while maintaining the individual data point. The stem is a column of the unique elements of data after removing the last digit. The final digits (leaves) of each column are then placed in a row next to the appropriate column and sorted in numerical order.
5. Simple frequency distribution and frequency polygons: a plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments.
6. Quartiles
Probability
Probability is the likelihood of an event happening
The probability that a certain event happening is 1 The probability that a certain event cannot happen is 0 The probability that a certain event not happening is 1 minus he probability that it will happen
2 events are independent if the outcome of one of the events does not affect the outcome of another 2 events are dependent if the outcome of one of the events depends on the outcome of another
If 2 events A and B are independent of each other, then the probability of both A and B occurring is found by P(A) x P(B) If it is impossible for both events A and B to occur, then the probability of A or B occurring is P(A) and P(B)
Set Notation