Eating out en franais

Eating out en franais

General Editor Simon Collin French Editor Franoise Laurendeau

A & C Black London

www.acblack.com

First published in Great Britain 2003 Reprinted 2005 A & C Black Publishers Ltd 37 Soho Square, London W1D 3QZ Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2003 A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the publishers. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7136 7605 1 eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0196-4 Text Production and Proofreading Daisy Jackson A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp, harvested from managed sustainable forests. Text processed and computer typeset by A & C Black Printed and bound in Italy by Legoprint

Contents
Introduction Types of restaurant Closing times Tipping Public holidays in France Booking Meal times Rating schemes Useful French phrases Menu Getting to a restaurant Ordering V Useful phrases for vegetarians Useful phrases for people on special diets etc. Drinks Complaints Paying Numbers 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 13 13 15 16 16 17 18 18 19 73 121 122 127 135

French-English menu dictionary English-French menu dictionary Wines and spirits Wine regions Wine glossary French cheeses

Preface
If you have ever ordered from a menu written in French without being completely sure what you were asking for, then you need this pocket dictionary! We have compiled this book to provide an essential pocket companion for any traveller who likes to know what they are ordering and eating. And unlike many other dictionaries, the text is fully bilingual to and from English, so that you can easily translate a menu or ask for a favourite dish or a particular ingredient.We have included nearly 2,000 dishes and ingredients, with special chapters on wine and French cheeses (an essential part of any French meal). This pocket book is structured in four main sections:

English-French menu dictionary French-English menu dictionary French wines and wine terms French cheeses

The dictionary includes several pages of useful phrases. These have been selected to help you to find a restaurant, ask for the table that you want, order your meal, pay the bill and, if necessary, complain. We have also included helpful phrases for vegetarians, who traditionally have a difficult time eating out in France (where bacon and chicken are not always thought of as meat!). Phrases to cover special diets are also included. Finally, as you travel you will doubtless find new local dishes and local names for ingredients in our experience, this is particularly so with local names for different types of fish. If you find interesting new terms that are not in this book, we would love to hear from you; please let us know and we will try and include the terms in future editions. Send any new terms (or comments on local variations of expressions) to: [email protected]

Introduction

Types of restaurant
une auberge un bar un bistrot une brasserie un caf un caf-restaurant une caftria un restaurant un restaurant dautoroute un restaurant gastronomique un salon de th hotel-restaurant, usually in the country serves alcoholic drinks caf-restaurant, serves drinks and simple meals caf-restaurant, choice of beer and simple meals serves alcoholic drinks and coffee, some serve ice cream serves alcoholic drinks, serves meals self-service restaurant providing simple meals proper dining room; quality can vary motorway restaurant, often a cafeteria high quality food, though sometimes no choice of menu, often more expensive shop selling cakes with a few tables to have tea or coffee

Closing times
As shops tend to shut abruptly for lunch, so, oddly, do some restaurants. Many smaller restaurants have a weekly closure timetable (fermeture hebdomadaire) closing, commonly, on Sunday and Monday.

Tipping
Tipping is relatively straightforward: bills are often stamped s.t.c. (service, taxes, compris) and it means what it says all service and taxes included. The only exception perhaps is to leave the small change in the saucer at a bar (if you are eating at the bar rather than at a table).

Public holidays in France (jours fris)

New Years Day Easter Sunday and Monday Labour Day, 1 May VE Day, 8 May Ascension Day Whit Sunday and Monday Frances National Day (Bastille Day), 14 July The Assumption, 15 August All Saints Day, 1 November Armistice Day, 11 November Christmas Day

Booking
If any of the national holidays above are part of your holiday, you should book well ahead for a place in a restaurant. Outside Paris, you should also book in advance for Sunday lunch, when large families settle down soon after mid-day to enjoy a long, noisy lunch. And dont imagine you can squeeze in for a second sitting: except for some Parisian or tourist-driven restaurants, there is no such thing.

Meals and eating times

07:00 09:00 12:00 14:00 19:30 22:30 petit djeuner djeuner dner breakfast lunch dinner

Restaurant rating schemes

Toques (chefs hats) (five toques = de luxe, one toque = fourth-class); Michelin stars (three-stars = exceptional, one-star = very good)

Useful French Phrases

Menu
Menus are usually split into five sections: potage or hors-doeuvre soup or starter entre first course plat principal main course fromage cheese course dessert dessert Shorter menus might have just three sections: entre first course plat principal main course dessert dessert

10

Getting to a restaurant
Can you recommend a good restaurant? I would like to reserve a table for this evening Do you have a table for three/four people? We would like the table for 8 oclock Could we have a table ? Quel restaurant nous recommandez-vous? Jaimerais rserver une table pour ce soir Avez-vous une table pour trois/quatre (personnes)? Nous aimerions rserver une table pour 20 heures Auriez-vous une table de libre ? by the window prs de la fentre outside dehors/ lextrieur on the terrace sur la terrasse in the non-smoking area dans la section non-fumeurs in the smoking area dans la section fumeurs What time do you open? A quelle heure ouvrez-vous? Could you order a taxi for me? Pourriez-vous me faire venir un taxi?

Ordering
Waiter/waitress! Monsieur! / Mademoiselle! What do you recommend? Que nous proposez-vous? What are the specials of the day? Quels sont les plats du jour? Is this the fixed-price menu? Cest le menu prix fixe? Can we see the -la-carte menu? Vous avez aussi un menu la carte? Is this fresh? Est-ce frais? Is this local? Est-ce une spcialit de la rgion? I would like a/an Could I/we have please? an ashtray the bill our coats Jaimerais un/une Pourriez-vous me/nous donner un cendrier laddition nos manteaux
13

a cup a fork a glass a knife the menu a napkin a plate a spoon a toothpick the wine list May I have some ? bread butter ice (slice of) lemon milk pepper salt sugar water I would like it baked fried grilled poached smoked steamed boiled roast very rare rare medium well-done

une tasse une fourchette un verre un couteau le menu une serviette une assiette une cuillre un cure-dents la carte des vins Jaimerais avoir Pourriez-vous mapporter ? du pain du beurre de la glace une tranche de citron du lait du poivre du sel du sucre de leau Je le/la prfrerais Je laimerais cuit(e) au four frit(e) grill(e) poch(e) fum(e) (cuit(e)) la vapeur cuit(e) leau/ langlaise rti(e) bleu saignant(e) point/rose bien cuit(e)

14

Useful phrases for vegetarians

Je suis vgtarien (-ienne) lacto-ovo-vgtarien (-ienne) lacto-vegetarian lacto-vgtarien (-ienne) vegan vgtalien (-ienne) I dont eat Je ne mange pas I dont eat meat, pork or chicken Je ne mange pas de viande, de porc ou de poulet I dont eat fish Je ne mange pas de poisson I eat eggs, milk and cheese Je mange des oeufs, du lait et du fromage I dont eat eggs, milk or cheese Je ne mange pas doeufs, de lait ou de fromage I dont eat suet/lard/dripping Je ne mange pas de suif/de saindoux/de graisse de viande Do you have any vegetarian Avez-vous des plats dishes? vgtariens? Is there a vegetarian restaurant Y a-t-il un restaurant near here? vgtarien prs dici? Is this cheese made with rennet? Ce fromage est-il fabriqu avec de la prsure animale? Do you have a rennet-free cheese? Auriez-vous des fromages sans prsure? Do you serve this dish without Pourriez-vous prparer ce meat/eggs/cheese? plat sans viande/oeufs/ fromage? Does this sauce/soup contain Est-ce que cette sauce/soupe beef/chicken/fish/meat stock? contient du bouillon de boeuf/poulet/poisson/viande? Does this dish contain Est-ce que ce plat contient de gelatine/aspic? la glatine/de laspic? Does this contain organic Cest bien un plat ingredients? biologique? Do you use GM foods/MSG? Utilisez-vous des aliments GMO/du glutamate de sodium? vegetarian lacto-ovo-vegetarian
15

I am

Useful phrases for people on special diets etc.

I am diabetic Does this dish contain nuts? I am allergic to I have a peanut/seafood/ wheat allergy I dont eat wheat/gluten Je suis diabtique Est-ce que ce plat contient des noix? Je suis allrgique Je suis allergique larachide/aux fruits de mer/au bl Je ne mange pas de bl/de gluten

Drinks
Can I see the wine list, please? I would like a/an aperitif another I would like a glass of red wine white wine rose wine sparkling wine still water sparkling water tap water With lemon With ice With water Neat I would like a bottle of this wine house red house white Is this wine ? very dry dry Puis-je avoir la carte des vins sil vous plat? Jaimerais avoir un apritif un deuxime; encore un(e) Puis-je avoir un verre de/d? vin rouge vin blanc vin ros vin mousseux eau plate eau gazeuse eau du robinet avec du citron avec de la glace avec de leau sans eau ni glace Donnez-moi une bouteille de ce vin-ci de vin rouge maison de vin blanc maison Est-ce un vin ? trs sec sec
16

sweet local This wine is not very good not very cold corked I would like a fruit juice lemonade non-alcoholic beer non-alcoholic wine low-alcohol beer low-alcohol wine non-alcoholic beverage decaffeinated coffee/tea soft drink

doux/sucr de la rgion Le vin nest pas trs bon nest pas trs frais est bouchonn Jaimerais un/une jus de fruits limonade bire non alcoolise vin non alcoolis bire peu alcoolise vin peu alcoolis boisson non alcoolise th/caf dcafin boisson non alcoolise

Complaints
This is not what I ordered I asked for Could I change this? The meat is overdone underdone tough I dont like this The food is cold This is not fresh What is taking so long? This is not clean Ce nest pas ce que jai command Jai command Est-ce que je peux le changer pour autre chose? La viande est trop cuite nest pas assez cuite est dure Je naime pas a Tout est froid Ce nest pas frais Pourquoi est-ce si long? Ce nest pas propre

17

Paying
Could I have the bill? I would like to pay Can I charge it to my room? We would like to pay separately Theres a mistake in the bill Whats this amount for? Is service included? Do you accept travellers cheques? Can I pay by credit card? Pourrez-vous mapportez laddition? Garon, laddition Vous lajoutez ma note dhtel? Chacun paye sa part Je crois quil y a une erreur sur la facture Ce montant reprsente quoi? Le service est-il compris? Acceptez-vous les chques de voyage? Vous acceptez les cartes de crdit?

Numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 zro un(e) deux trois quatre cinq six sept huit neuf dix onze douze treize quatorze 15 16 17 18 19 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 etc. quinze seize dix-sept dix-huit dix-neuf vingt trente quarante cinquante soixante soixante-dix quatre-vingt(s) quatre-vingt-dix cent deux cents etc.

18

French-English

French-English

Aa
abats giblets abattis [de volaille] giblets abricot apricot absinthe absinthe accompagnement [garniture] trimmings acide sharp addition bill, [US] check agneau lamb agrumes citrus aiglefin haddock aiglefin fum [haddock] smoked haddock ago bouido Provenal garlic soup served over pieces of bread aigre sour aigre-doux (-douce) sweet and sour aiguillat dogfish ail garlic aill(e) garlicky ailloli, aoli garlic-flavoured mayonnaise airelle blueberry airelle rouge small cranberry algue seaweed aligot de Lozre potato, cheese and garlic pure alimentation small shop selling general groceries allumettes matches
allumettes au fromage (fine) cheese straws pommes allumettes matchstick potatoes

alose shad 20

assaisonnement

alouette lark [bird]

alouette sans tte beef olive

French-English

aloyau [faux-filet] sirloin amande (douce) almond

aux amandes with almonds pte damandes almond paste

amandine almond tart amer (amre) bitter amricaine, sauce the cooking liquor from lobster mixed with the

lobster coral and cream

amoricaine, l with brandy, white wine, onions, and tomatoes amuse-gueule [hors-doeuvre] hors-doeuvre; [US] appetizer ananas pineapple anchois anchovy
anchoade anchovy dipping sauce anchois de Norvge sprat

andouille, andouillette sausage made of chitterlings, pork meat,

onions, seasoning, etc.

aneth dill ange de mer angel fish anglaise, l plain boiled [vegetables] anglaise, sauce see crme langlaise anglaise, sauce l thin crme langlaise sauce anglique angelica anguille eel
anguille fume smoked eel

anis aniseed anone [pomme canelle] custard apple apritif aperitif arachide peanut artes (de poisson) (fish) bones aromatis flavoured arme (dun vin) bouquet arrow-root arrowroot artichaut artichoke
fond dartichaut artichoke heart

asperge asparagus

pointes dasperges asparagus tips

aspic aspic assaisonn seasoned assaisonnement seasoning 21

assiette

assiette plate

French-English

assiette anglaise, assiette de viandes froides assorted cold assiette de viandes grilles

meat; [US] cold cuts

mixed grill

aubergine aubergine; [US] eggplant au gratin with a topping of cheese and breadcrumbs aumnire pouch-shaped pancake filled with fruit salad, ice cream,

etc.
autruche ostrich aveline filbert avocat avocado avoine oats

avocat gratin au four baked avocado gratin avocats gratins au parmesan baked avocado and cheese gratin

Bb
baba au rhum rum baba bacon bacon baguette [pain] French bread baguettes [chinoises] chopsticks ballottine faggot bambou bamboo banane banana

bananes flambes banana flamb banane verte [plantain] plantain

bar [loup de mer] sea bass barbue brill bardane burdock barquette small tart [shaped like a boat] 22

bien cuit(e)

basilic basil basquaise, la Basque style, with ham, red peppers, tomatoes btonnets batons [of carrots, etc.] baudroie [lotte de mer] monkfish bavarois Bavarian cream bavette flank (of beef) bavette, bavoir (childs) bib bayonnaise, la braised in Madeira wine barnaise, sauce hollandaise sauce but thicker and with tarragon.

French-English

Served warm with grilled meat and fish

bcasse woodcock bcassine snipe bchamel, sauce bchamel a basic white sauce made from

butter, flour and seasoned milk

beignet [pte frite et sucre] doughnut, fritter
beignet viennois doughnut beignet fourr la confiture jam doughnut beignet de bananes banana fritter beignets de lgumes vegetable fritters beignet de pommes apple fritter

belon type of oyster from Brittany Bercy, sauce chopped shallots cooked in butter with white wine

and fish stock added

bergamote bergamot bette chard betterave beetroot beurre butter

betteraves rouges la crme creamed beetroot avec (du) beurre; au beurre with butter sans beurre without butter beurre blanc sauce of white wine, vinegar, shallots, butter beurre clarifi [cuisine indienne] ghee beurre danchois anchovy butter beurre de cacah(o)utes/darachides peanut butter beurre de cacao cocoa butter beurre de truffes truffle butter beurre fondu melted butter beurre noir browned melted butter with vinegar and seasoning beurre noisette brown butter beurre sans sel unsalted butter

bien cuit(e) well done 23

bire

bire beer

French-English

bire ( la) pression draught beer bire anglaise blonde ale bire anglaise pression bitter (beer) bire blonde lager

bifteck steak; [US] beefsteak bigarade, sauce sauce made from the remains of duck with Seville

orange and lemon juice

bigorneau winkle biologique organic biscotte crispbread, rusk biscuits [gteaux secs] biscuits; [US] cookies
biscuits la cuillre sponge fingers

bisque de homard lobster bisque blanc doeuf egg white blanchaille whitebait blanchir to blanch blanc-manger blancmange blanquette de veau veal stew in cream sauce bl wheat
bl concass bulgur wheat, bulgar wheat bl noir [sarrasin] buckwheat

blennie butterfish blette chard blinis blinis boeuf beef

boeuf ( la) bourguignonne see bourguignonne boeuf de conserve corned beef boeuf en daube beef casserole boeuf stroganoff beef stroganoff rti de boeuf [rosbif] roast beef

boisson drink boisson (gazeuse) non alcoolise soft drink bote (de conserve) tin; [US] can
en bote tinned; [US] canned

bol bowl bombe bombe bonbon sweet; [US] candy bonne femme cooked with leeks and potatoes bonite bonito; skipjack tuna bordeaux rouge claret, red Bordeaux 24

brik

bordelaise, la with red wine, bone marrow, mushrooms and

French-English

artichokes
bouche (feuillete) vol au vent
bouche la reine chicken vol au vent

boucherie chevaline butchers selling horsemeat boudin blanc sausage of finely ground white meat boudin noir black pudding bouillabaisse Provenale fish stew bouillir to boil bouilli(e) [cuit(e) leau, langlaise] boiled bouillon broth, stock
bouillon de boeuf beef stock, beef broth bouillon de lgumes vegetable stock bouillon vgtarien vegetable stock

boulangerie bakery boule flat round loaf with coarse crust boule de glace scoop of ice cream boules de picoulat Catalan dish of pork meatballs in a bean

casserole
boulette de pte dumpling boulette de viande meat ball bouquet garni bouquet garni [mixed herbs] bouquet [crevette rose] prawn bourgeoise, la cooked in family style bourguignonne, la with red wine, mushrooms, small onions and

bacon
bourrache borage bourride Provenale fish dish with garlic mayonnaise bouteille bottle

bouteille deau (minrale) bottle of (mineral) water bouteille de vin bottle of wine

brais(e) braised braiser to braise branche stick, stalk brandade de morue salt cod pure brasserie caf-restaurant serving simple meals and beer; brewery brebis ewe brme bream brme de mer sea bream brsi air-dried beef from Franche-Comt brik North African pasty filled with egg, tuna and vegetables 25

brioche

brioche brioche Brocciu Corsican cream cheese made with sheep or goats milk broche, la grilled on a skewer over a flame brochet pike brochette skewer brocolis broccoli brugnon [nectarine] nectarine brl(e) burnt brler to burn brune, sauce see demi-glace buccin whelk bche de Nol Christmas log buffet buffet

French-English

Cc
cabcou goats or ewes milk cheese, often served warm cabillaud (fresh) cod cacah(o)ute peanut cacao cocoa, chocolate caf coffee

caf au lait coffee with milk caf complet continental breakfast caf crme, un crme (large) coffee with cream or milk caf dcafin decaffeinated coffee; decaf caf express espresso, expresso coffee caf filtre filter coffee caf instantan instant coffee caf ligoise iced coffee served with cream or whipped cream caf noir black coffee caf soluble instant coffee

26

carte petit crme (small) coffee with cream of milk

cafine caffeine sans cafine [dcafin] caffeine-free, decaffeinated cafetire coffee pot caille quail
oeufs de caille quails eggs

French-English

cake fruit cake calmar [encornet] squid camomille [infusion de, tisane de] camomile (tea) canaps canaps canard duck [domestic]
canard lorange duck with oranges canard de Barbarie Barbary duck canard sauvage wild duck

canard ( la) rouennaise duck stuffed with its own liver, in a red

wine sauce

caneton duckling canette duckling [female] canneberge cranberry cannelle cinnamon cannelloni cannelloni

cannelloni aux champignons mushroom cannelloni

cantaloup cantaloup (melon) cappuccino cappuccino coffee cpres capers carafe carafe caramel caramel
caramel (au beurre) toffee

carafe deau carafe of water, jug of water

carbon(n)ade de boeuf beef braised with onions and beer cardamome cardamom cari curry carotte carrot carpaccio wafer-thin slices of raw beef or tuna carpe carp carr rack carr [dagneau, de porc, etc.] rack of ribs
carr dagneau rack of lamb

carottes Vichy carrots stewed in butter, sugar and seasoning

carrelet plaice carte menu

carte, la each menu item is priced separately

27

carte des vins

French-English

carte des vins wine list carthame safflower cartilage [croquant] gristle carvi caraway casher kosher cassate cassata casserole casserole cassis blackcurrant cassoulet casserole from Languedoc, with haricot beans, pork,
cassoulet vgtarien vegetarian bean casserole

sausage or goose

catalane, la with tomatoes, black olives and garlic cavaillon honeydew melon caviar caviar
caviar daubergine pured roasted aubergines

cdrat citron cleri celery cleri-rave celeriac cendrier ashtray cpe cep; porcini mushroom crales (froides) (breakfast) cereal cerfeuil chervil cerise cherry
cerise confite glac cherry cerise noire black cherry

cervelas saveloy cervelle brains

cervelle de veau calfs brains

chaise chair chambr(e) at room temperature champagne champagne champignon mushroom

champignons de Paris button mushrooms champignons farcis stuffed mushrooms

chandelier candlestick chandelle candle chanterelle chanterelle [mushroom] Chantilly (with) whipped cream chapelure breadcrumbs chapon capon charbon de bois charcoal 28

chou

charlotte charlotte

charlotte aux pommes apple charlotte

French-English

chasseur, sauce red wine boiled with shallots, garlic, mushrooms,

tomatoes and demi-glace sauce

chtaigne sweet chestnut
chtaigne deau water chestnut

chateaubriand, chateaubriant Chateaubriand [thick piece of

grilled fillet of beef]

chaud(e) hot [not cold] chaud-froid jelly, aspic [savoury] chaudre chowder (faire) chauffer to heat up chausson turnover
chaud-froid de poulet chicken in jelly, aspic of chicken

chausson aux pommes apple turnover

chef chef, cook cherry brandy [liqueur de cerise] cherry brandy cheval horsemeat cheveux dange angel hair (pasta) chvre goat chvres en papillote goats cheese filo parcels chevreuil venison [deer] chevreuil [ la scandinave] reindeer chicore frise endive, frise salad chien de mer dogfish chili con carne [plat mexicain] chilli con carne
chili vgtarien vegetable chilli

chinchard horse mackerel chips (potato) crisps; [US] chips chocolat chocolate, cocoa

chocolat au lait milk chocolate chocolat blanc white chocolate chocolat glac chocolate-covered ice lolly chocolat noir dark chocolate un chocolat [bonbon] a chocolate [sweet] un chocolat [une tasse] a cup of cocoa/hot chocolate au choix, choix de choice of choix de lgumes assorted vegetables chou blanc white cabbage chou de Chine Chinese cabbage

choix choice

chou cabbage

29

chou la crme chou rouge red cabbage chou vert [pomm] green cabbage chou vert fris [non pomm] kale chou vert fris [pomm] savoy cabbage

French-English

chou la crme cream puff choucroute pickled cabbage chou-fleur cauliflower

chou-fleur sauce Mornay, au gratin cauliflower cheese

chou-navet swede chou-rave kohlrabi choux de Bruxelles Brussels sprouts ciboule spring onion; [US] scallion ciboulette chives cidre (de pomme) cider
cidre de poire perry [pear cider]

cigarettes russes sweet rolled crisp wafer filled with hazelnut

cream
citron lemon
citron press freshly squeezed lemon juice drunk diluted with

citron vert [lime] lime citronnelle lemon grass cive spring onion; [US] scallion civet stew of rabbit, hare or other game civet de livre jugged hare

water and sugar

civette chives clafoutis aux crises cherries baked in a thick batter claire type of oyster clmentine clementine climatis(e) air-conditioned clou de girofle clove clovisse clam cochon de lait suck(l)ing pig coeur heart coeur la crme curd cheese dessert made in heart-shaped mould coeur dartichaut artichoke heart cognac brandy coing quince colin [merlu] hake colin [lieu noir] saithe colvert mallard 30

courge

compote de fruits stewed fruit compris(e) included compte account concombre cucumber condiment condiment confiserie shop selling handmade chocolates, sweets and cakes confit de canard/doie duck/goose preserved in own fat confit(e) [fruit, etc.] candied confiture jam
confiture de fraises strawberry jam confiture doranges (orange) marmalade

French-English

congels frozen foods congre [anguille de mer] conger eel conserves preserves consomm clear soup, consomm (soup)

consomm froid cold consomm consomm en tasse/en gele jellied consomm

contrefilet sirloin steak coq au vin chicken cooked in red wine coque, la soft-boiled [egg] coques cockles coquetier egg cup coquillages shellfish coquille St Jacques scallop coriandre coriander cornet (de glace) [ice cream] cone, cornet cornichon gherkin cte chop
cte de porc pork chop ctelette dagneau lamb chop ctes de boeuf ribs of beef

cornichon saumur/au vinaigre pickled gherkin

ctelette cutlet, chop ctes ribs

cotriade Breton fish stew with onions, potato and cream coulibiac fish pie stuffed with rice and hard-boiled egg coulis coulis [sauce of sieved pured fruit] coupe glace dish of ice cream; sundae couper to cut courge squash, marrow [vegetable] 31

courgette

courgette courgette; [US] zucchini

French-English

courgettes farcies stuffed courgettes

court-bouillon fish stock couscous couscous couteau knife couvert cutlery crabe [tourteau] crab crme cream

crabe dcortiqu prepared crab crabe froid langlaise/ la russe dressed crab crme lgre/paisse single/double cream la crme with cream; with cream sauce crme aigre sour cream crme ( l) anglaise thick egg custard made from egg yolks and crme au beurre butter cream [filling for cake] crme caramel crme caramel [baked custard with caramel sauce] crme Chantilly, crme fouette whipped cream crme fleurette top of the milk; single cream crme frache crme frache [soured double cream] crme ptissire confectioners custard un crme, un caf crme a (large) coffee with cream or milk

milk

crme (de) [velout]

crme dasperges cream of asparagus soup crme de tomates cream of tomato soup crme de volaille cream of chicken soup

cream of

crmeux (-euse) creamy crole [savoury] with rice, tomatoes, pepper; [sweet] with orange

peel
crpe pancake cresson cress
crpes gratines stuffed pancakes with cheese topping cresson de fontaine watercress crevette rose king prawn crevettes mayonnaise shrimp cocktail croissant au beurre croissant made with butter

crevette (grise) shrimp croissant croissant

croque-madame fried cheese and ham sandwich topped with a

fried egg
croquembouche pyramid of profiteroles with caramel, served at

weddings
croque-monsieur fried cheese and ham sandwich 32

curry

croquette de poisson fish cake

croquettes de pommes de terre

potato croquettes

French-English

crottin de chvre small round goats cheese croustade bread or pastry case croustillant crisp crote fried or toasted bread base crotons croutons crudits raw sliced vegetables as an hors d-oeuvre cru(e) raw, uncooked crumble crumble crustacs shellfish cube: en cubes diced [cubed] cuillre, cuiller spoon
cuillre caf coffee spoon cuillre dessert tablespoon cuillre soupe soup spoon cuillre th teaspoon

cuisine cookery, cooking

cuisine bourgeoise plain home cooking cuisine maigre low-fat cooking cuisine nouvelles nouvelle cuisine cuisine rgionale regional cooking cuisine vgtarienne vegetarian cooking

cuisses de grenouilles frogs legs cuissot haunch cuit(e) cooked, done

cuit(e) au four baked cuit(e) grande friture deep-fried cuit(e) la vapeur steamed pas assez cuit(e) underdone trop cuit(e) overdone cumin des prs caraway (seeds)

cumin cumin (seed)

curcuma turmeric cure-dent(s) toothpick curry curry

33

French-English

Dd
dacquoise meringue filled with cream and soft fruit dame blanche chocolate sundae with Chantilly darne de saumon salmon steak datte date daube rich casserole of meat, vegetables, garlic, herbs, and red

wine
daurade bream d: en ds diced, cubed, chopped dca decaf
un dca a decaf coffee

dcafin decaffeinated

caf dcafin decaffeinated coffee

dcouper to carve dfense de fumer no smoking dgeler to thaw dglacer to deglaze [mix meat juices at bottom of pan with stock or

wine]
dgustation tasting dguster to taste, to savour djeuner [lunch] lunch; to have lunch dlicieux (-euse) delicious demi half demi-bouteille half bottle demi-glace, sauce a mixture of equal parts of espagnole sauce and

brown stock reduced, used as a basis for other sauces

dsoss(e) [en filets] filleted dsoss(e) [sans os, sans arte] boned 34

duxelles, sauce

dsosser [lever les filets] to fillet; [enlever les os, les artes] to

French-English

debone
dessert dessert desservir (la table) to clear up diable ( la) devilled

rognons la (sauce) diable devilled kidneys diable, sauce a sauce of chopped shallots, white wine, vinegar,

cayenne pepper and coarsely ground white pepper. Served with fried or grilled fish or meat dijonnaise, la with mustard, or blackcurrants dinde turkey dinde rtie roast turkey dner [midi] lunch dner [soir] dinner, supper dorade (aux sourcils dor) gilthead bream dore [poisson] John Dory dorer, faire dorer to brown dormeur [tourteau] crab drages sugared almonds Dubarry, la with cauliflower duchesse piped potato mixed with egg yolk dur(e) hard-boiled; [meat] tough duxelles, sauce white wine, mushrooms and shallots mixed with demi-glace sauce and tomato pure

35

French-English

Ee
eau water
eau de seltz soda water eau de source spring water eau de vie fruit or nut brandy eau en bouteille bottled water eau gazeuse sparkling water, fizzy water eau glace/trs froide iced water eau minrale mineral water eau plate still (mineral) water sans eau ni glace neat; [US] straight [whisky, etc.]

eau de vie de prunelle sloe gin brch(e) [verre, assiette] chipped (glass, plate) chalote shallot clair clair
clair au chocolat chocolate eclair

corce (de citron, etc.) (lemon, etc.) peel

corce confite candied peel corce rpe [zeste] grated peel, zest

crevisse crayfish dulcorant sweetener glefin haddock mincs de veau/volaille thinly sliced cooked veal/chicken,

served in a sauce
endive chicory enrob de coated with entrecte rib steak of beef

entrecte la bordelaise rib steak cooked in sauce made of

Bordeaux wine, butter, herbs, shallots, bone marrow

entre starter 36

farci(e)

entremets sal savoury paule [palette] shoulder perlan smelt pice spice pic(e) spicy pinard spinach plucher to peel escalope escalope

French-English

pinards en pure creamed spinach

escalope de dinde turkey escalope escalope de veau veal escalope

escargot snail espagnole, sauce sauce made from browned flour and butter

mixed with tomato pure and brown stock flavoured with browned vegetables espadon swordfish Esquimau ice lolly estragon tarragon esturgeon sturgeon express espresso

Ff
fanes beech nuts faisan pheasant faisselle curd cheese falafel falafel far breton Breton speciality of prune shortcake farce stuffing farci(e) stuffed (with) 37

farine

farine flour

French-English

farine davoine oatmeal farine de chtaigne chestnut flour farine de mas cornmeal, polenta

faux filet sirloin steak fcule de mas cornflour fenouil fennel fermier [oeuf, poulet] free range, farm [egg, chicken] fermire with carrots, turnip, onion, celery feuille de laurier bay leaf feuilles de vigne vine leaves feuillet sweet or savoury puff pasty fve bean
fve des marais, grosse fve broad bean

feuillet au fromage puff pastry with cheese filling

fiadone Corsican lemon-flavoured cheesecake ficelle French bread [very long thin loaf] ficelle picarde ham rolled in pancake served with white sauce figue fig filet fillet; tenderloin
filet de porc pork tenderloin filet de boeuf fillet of beef; [US] beef tenderloin filet de boeuf en crote beef Wellington filet mignon steak cut from end of fillet filet de volaille breast of chicken or turkey

fines herbes mixed herbs flageolet flageolet (beans) flamb(e) flamb flamiche northern French sweet or savoury pastry tart flan baked custard flet flounder fltan halibut
fltan noir black halibut, Greenland halibut flocons davoine rolled oats

flocons flakes

florentine with spinach foie liver

foies de poulets/de volaille chicken livers foie de veau calfs liver foie doie, foie gras goose liver pt fondant au chocolat chocolate fudge (icing)

fondant [sweet] fondant

38

fromage

fondant [meat, vegetables] tender fondue fondue

French-English

fondue bourguignonne meat fondue fondue savoyarde cheese fondue

forestire with mushrooms, bacon, saut potatoes fort-noire Black Forest gateau forfait boissons drinks included formule menu option fougasse Provenal flat bread four oven
cuit(e) au four baked pommes au four baked apples

fourchette fork fourr(e) (/au/aux) filled (with), stuffed (with) frais (frache) fresh fraise strawberry

fraise des bois, fraise sauvage wild strawberry glace la fraise strawberry ice cream

framboise raspberry frangipane rich pastry cream filling made with ground almonds friand puffed pastry filled with meat
friand la saucisse sausage roll friand au jambon ham roll [in puffed pastry]

fricandeau braised veal fricasse stew

fricasse de boeuf stewed steak, beef stew

frise aux noix curly endive salad with walnuts frire to fry frit(e) fried frites (potato) chips; [US] French fries friture de poissons mixed fried fish froid(e) cold fromage cheese

fromage cottage cottage cheese fromage la crme cream cheese fromage pte dure hard cheese fromage pte molle soft cheese fromage blanc creamy low-fat cows milk cheese fromage bleu blue cheese fromage de (lait de) brebis sheeps milk cheese fromage de chvre goats cheese fromage de lait entier full-fat cheese fromage frais soft cows milk cheese, often with added cream

39

fromage de tte plateau fromage, plateau de fromages cheese board

French-English

fromage de tte brawn froment wheat fruit fruit

fruits confits crystallised fruit fruits frais fresh fruit fruits de mer seafood, shellfish

fum(e) smoked, cured

Gg
galantine galantine galette pancake
galette de pommes de terre potato pancake galette de sarrasin buckwheat pancake

galette des Rois Twelfth Night cake [round puff pastry cake with

almond paste filling]

garbure thick vegetable soup of cabbage, beans, potatoes, leeks,

ham, herbs, etc.

garon waiter garni with vegetables garniture filling; garnish; serving of vegetables gaspacho gazpacho gteau cake, gateau

gteau la crme cream cake gteau au fromage blanc cheesecake gteau au gingembre ginger cake gteau aux carottes carrot cake gteau de Nol [anglais] Christmas cake gteau de Pithiviers round puff or flaky pastry tart filled with gteau de Savoie madeira cake

almond paste

40

gombo gteau mousseline sponge cake gteau quatre-quarts pound cake gteau renvers upside-down cake gteau roul swiss roll gteaux secs biscuits; [US] cookies

French-English

gaufre de miel honeycomb gaufres waffles gaufrette wafer glatine gelatine gele jelly genivre [eau-de-vie] gin gnoise sponge cake

gele la menthe mint jelly gele de groseilles redcurrant jelly baie de genivre juniper berry gnoise au citron madeira cake

germe de bl wheatgerm germes de luzerne alfafa sprouts

germes de soja bean sprouts

gsiers gizzards gibier ( plume/ poil) game gigot dagneau leg of lamb gingembre ginger gte la noix silverside glaage icing glace ice

avec glace with ice; [whisky, etc.] with ice, on the rocks sans eau ni glace neat; [US] straight [whisky, etc.] glace la vanille vanilla ice cream

glace [crme glace] ice cream

glace [pour gteaux] icing glac(e) [very cold] icy cold glac(e) [de sucre, etc.] glazed glaon ice cube glouteron burdock glucides [hydrates de carbone] carbohydrate glutamate monosodique/de sodium monosodium glutamate

(MSG)
gluten gluten
sans gluten gluten free

gnocchi Parmentier potato dumplings gombo gumbo, okra, ladies finger 41

gougre

French-English

gougre choux pastry ring with added cheese goujon [poisson] gudgeon
goujons de poulet

goujons, strips of fried fish or chicken

goulash, goulasch goulash gousse dail garlic clove gousse de vanille vanilla pod/bean goyave guava grain grain

grains de genivre juniper berries grains de raisin grapes graines de pavot poppy seeds graines de ssame sesame seeds

graine seed

granit sorbet; granita gras fat [noun]

qui contient peu de gras low in fat

gras (grasse) fat [adj] gras-double tripe gratin dauphinois scalloped potatoes cooked with cream gratin(e) browned; [US] au gratin grenade pomegranate grenadine grenadine gribiche, sauce mashed hard-boiled egg yolks blended with oil

and vinegar, flavoured with capers and gherkins, tarragon, chervil and parsley gril grill [noun] grillade grilled piece of meat grillade de veau grilled veal chop grill(e) grilled grill(e) au barbecue barbecued grill(e) au charbon de bois charcoal-grilled griller to grill grive thrush grondin gurnard groseille maquereau gooseberry groseille rouge redcurrant gros sel rock salt grosse fve broad bean and sweet pepper salad grouse grouse guimauve marshmallow
42

French-English

Hh
hachis [viande hache] minced meat
hachis de boeuf minced beef; [US] ground beef hachis Parmentier shepherds pie

haddock [aiglefin fum] smoked haddock hamburger hamburger

hamburger vgtal veggie burger

hareng herring

hareng marin pickled herring hareng saur/fum kipper hareng roul (marin) rollmop (herring)

harenguet sprat haricot bean

haricots blancs haricot beans haricots blancs aux tomates baked beans haricots grimpants runner beans haricots noirs black beans haricots rouges kidney beans, red beans haricots verts green beans, French beans

harissa hot chilli paste served with couscous heure du th tea-time hochepot Belgian thick soup of pork, beef, mutton, cabbage and

other vegetables
hollandaise, sauce thick sauce made from egg yolks, a little

pepper and vinegar, whisked over a gentle heat

homard lobster hongroise, la with paprika and fresh cream houmous hummus hors doeuvre hors doeuvre; [US] appetizer 43

hot dog

French-English

hot dog [saucisse de Francfort dans un petit pain] hot dog huile oil
lhuile with oil huile darachide peanut oil, groundnut oil huile de tournesol sunflower oil huile de noix walnut oil huile dolive olive oil huile dolive vierge virgin olive oil huile de ppins de raisin grapeseed oil

hutre oyster hydromel mead hyposod(e) low-salt

Ii
igname yam les flottantes floating islands [dessert of poached egg whites in

custard]
incorporer to blend; to mix indienne, l curried infusion herbal tea ingrdients ingredients

44

French-English

Jj
jambon ham
jambon de Bayonne smoked cured ham jambon blanc (slice of boiled) ham jambon de Parme Parma ham jambon fum (dsoss) gammon jambon poch boiled ham jambon de York York ham (British-style)

jardinire garnished with spring vegetables jarret knuckle jaune doeuf egg yolk julienne julienne [cut into fine strips] jus juice [of meat, fruit]
au jus served in its own juices jus de citron lemon juice jus de fruits fruit juice jus dorange orange juice jus de pomme apple juice jus de tomate tomato juice

jus (de fruits) (fruit) juice

45

French-English

Kk
kaki date plum, kaki kasher [casher] kosher kbab [brochette] kebab ketchup [sauce tomate] ketchup kirsch cherry liqueur kiwi kiwi fruit kouign amman Breton rich puff pastry butter cake koulibiac see coulibiac kumquat kumquat

Ll
lactose lactose lait milk
au lait entier full fat, whole milk avec (du) lait, au lait with milk sans lait without milk

46

lieu noir lait condens condensed milk lait de beurre [babeurre] buttermilk lait de brebis ewes milk lait de chvre goats milk lait de coco coconut milk lait de soja soya milk lait de vache cows milk lait demi-crm semi-skimmed milk lait crm skimmed milk lait entier full-cream milk

French-English

laitance soft roe laitier dairy

produits laitiers dairy products laitue iceberg iceberg lettuce laitue romaine cos lettuce

laitue [salade] lettuce

langouste crawfish, spiny lobster langoustine Dublin bay prawn langue tongue
langue de boeuf ox tongue

lapereau young rabbit lapin rabbit lard de poitrine streaky bacon

lard fum smoked bacon

lardons cubed pieces of bacon lasagne lasagne lavabo toilet lavande lavender leberwurst liver sausage lgume vegetable

lasagne vgtarienne/aux lgumes vegetarian lasagne

lgumes vapeur steamed vegetables lgumes bouillis boiled vegetables lgumes braiss braised vegetables lgumes verts green vegetables, greens lgumes varis assorted vegetables petits lgumes baby vegetables

lgumineuses pulses lentille lentil letchi lychee lieu jaune pollack lieu noir saithe, coley

lentilles de Puy Puy lentils [green or brown]

47

livre

livre hare limande dab limande-sole lemon sole lime [citron vert] lime limonade [citron press] lemonade lingue ling liqueur liqueur lisette small mackerel litchi lychee loganberry loganberry longe (de veau/porc/chevreuil) loin (of veal/pork/venison) lotte (deau douce) burbot lotte de mer [baudroie] monkfish loup bass
loup de mer sea bass

French-English

lyonnaise with sauted onions lyonnaise, sauce sauce of onion, vinegar and brown stock

Mm
macaron macaroon macaroni macaroni macdoine de fruits fruit salad; fruit cocktail
macdoine de lgumes mixed vegetables

mche lambs lettuce macis mace macrobiotique macrobiotic madeleine small scallop-shaped sponge cake madre [vin] Madeira 48

mdaillon

madre, sauce a demi-glace sauce with added Madeira and butter,

French-English

served with ox tongue

mas [plant] maize; [US] corn
mas (en pis/en grains) sweetcorn pi de mas, mas en pi corn on the cob [sweetcorn] farine de mas cornmeal mas souffl popcorn semoule de mas [polenta] polenta pt maison home-made pt

maison home-made, of the house matre dhtel, beurre butter mixed with lemon juice and chopped

parsley, served with grilled meat or fish

malt malt mandarine mandarin mange-touts mangetout, sugar snap peas mangouste, mangoustan mangosteen mangue mango maquereau mackerel

maquereau marin au vin blanc mackerel marinated in white

wine
marc grape brandy marcassin young boar marchand de vin, sauce a sauce of red wine, shallots and stock march market margarine margarine marin(e) marinated marjolaine marjoram marmelade (orange) marmalade marmite thick stew or soup; pot marquise rich frozen dessert of fruit or chocolate marron sweet chestnut
marrons glacs candied chestnuts pure de marron chestnut pure

marsala Marsala wine massepain marzipan matelote fish stew mauvais(e) bad mayonnaise mayonnaise mchoui North African spit-roasted lamb mchouia North African mixed vegetable salad mdaillon medallion [round piece of meat or fish] 49

mlanger

French-English

mlanger to blend; to mix mlasse treacle mlisse lemon balm melon melon menthe mint menu menu

menthe poivre peppermint menthe verte garden mint menu prix fixe set menu menu du jour todays menu menu enfants childrens menu menu gastronomique gourmet menu menu touristique mid-price menu

merguez North African spicy beef or lamb sausage meringue meringue merlan whiting merlu [colin] hake mrou grouper mesclun Provenal salad of rocket, lambs lettuce, endive meunire, la coated in flour and fried in butter meurette Burgundy fish stew in red wine mi-cuit(e) parboiled miel honey
rayon de miel honeycomb

mijoter to simmer milanaise [pasta] with parmesan, tomato sauce; [escalope]

breaded
millefeuille millefeuille, cream slice made with puff pastry minestrone minestrone (soup) mirabelle (small) yellow plum mode, la with ice cream moelle bone marrow mollusque mollusc Mont Blanc dessert of chestnut puree with whipped cream morilles morels [mushrooms] Mornay with white sauce and cheese morue cod mouclade mussel stew with white wine, onion, cream and egg

yolks
moudre to grind 50

navet

moule mussel

moules marinire moules marinire [cooked with white wine,

French-English

onions, parsley]
moulin poivre pepper mill moulu(e) ground (pepper, etc.) mousse (de poisson, etc.) (fish, etc.) mousse
mousse au chocolat chocolate mousse

mousseline mousse; pure mousseline, sauce hollandaise sauce mixed with whipped double

cream
moutarde mustard
moutarde de Meaux whole grain mustard

mouton mutton muffin muffin mulet gris grey mullet mr(e) ripe mre (de ronce) blackberry mre (du mrier) mulberry myrtille blueberry, billberry, whortleberry

Nn
nage, la (fish) served in its stock Nantua with crayfish Nantua, sauce bchamel sauce with cream and crayfish butter nappe tablecloth napp de coated with [sauce etc.] nature plain (yoghurt, etc.); (tea, coffee) without milk navarin lamb stew navet turnip 51

navet

French-English

navet swede nfle medlar nem Vietnamese spring roll nioise, la with olive oil, garlic, tomatoes, black olives noisette hazlenut, cobnut noisette [de viande] noisette [small round piece of fillet or loin] noix nut; walnut
noix dacajou, noix de cajou cashew nut noix de coco coconut noix de coco sche desiccated coconut noix muscade nutmeg noix de pcan, noix de pacane pecan nut noix du Brsil Brazil nut noix du noyer blanc dAmrique hickory nut noix du noyer de Queensland macadamia nuts

noix de veau tender cut of veal non fumeurs [section] non-smoking (area) nonnette spiced bun normande, la with cream, Calvados or cider normande, sauce a fish sauce with cream, egg yolks and butter nougat blanc de Montlimar white nougat made with honey and

roasted almonds
nougatine brittle nouilles noodles

Oo
oeuf egg
oeuf la coque soft-boiled egg oeuf dur hard-boiled egg oeuf mollet soft-boiled egg

52

ouvre-bouteille oeuf poch poached egg oeuf pourri bad egg oeuf sur le plat fried egg oeufs la neige [le flottante] floating islands [dessert of

French-English

poached egg whites in custard]

oeufs et bacon, oeufs au bacon bacon and eggs oeufs brouills scrambled eggs oeufs de cailles quails eggs oeufs de poisson hard roe

oie goose oignon onion olive olive

olives farcies stuffed olives olives noires black olives olives vertes green olives

omble chevalier char [fish] omelette omelette

omelette au fromage cheese omelette omelette au jambon ham omelette omelette aux pinards spinach omelette omelette aux fines herbs herb omelette omelette aux truffes truffle omelette omelette baveuse omelette which is runny on top omelette nature plain omelette omelette norvgienne baked Alaska

onglet flank of beef orange orange orge barley

lorange with orange orge perle pearl barley

origan oregano ormeau abalone ortie nettle os bone

os moelle marrow bone (viande) avec los meat on the bone

oseille sorrel oursin sea urchin ouvre-bouteille bottle opener

53

French-English

Pp
paillasson de pommes de terre grated sauted potato paille au fromage cheese straw pain bread
pain la farine de mas corn bread pain au chocolat rectangular croissant-style pastry with

chocolate filling pain aux noix walnut bread pain aux raisins round croissant-style pastry with raisins pain blanc white loaf, white bread pain bis brown bread pain complet wholemeal bread pain croustillant crisp bread pain de campagne farmhouse loaf pain dpice(s) gingerbread pain de mie white sandwich loaf pain de seigle rye bread pain de son wholemeal bread pain de viande meat loaf pain grec [sans levain] pitta bread pain grill [rtie] toast pain moul pan loaf pain noir de Westphalie pumpernickel bread pain perdu French toast palmier large crisp biscuit of flaky pastry palourde clam pamplemousse grapefruit jus de pamplemousse grapefruit juice panach [boisson] shandy panach de mixed plate of panach de lgumes selection of vegetables, mixed vegetables
54

paysanne

panais parsnip pan bagnat Provenal hollowed-out roll filled with tomatoes, green

French-English

peppers, olives, onions, anchovies breaded papaya, pawpaw paprika parfait parfait au caf coffee parfait Paris-Brest cake of chou pastry with praline filling Parmentier with potatoes parmesan Parmesan (cheese) pastque watermelon pastis aniseed-flavoured aperitif mixed with water, particularly popular in the South patate douce sweet potato; [US] yam pte pastry pte choux choux pastry pte frire batter pte brise shortcrust pastry pte feuillete puff pastry pte [on cheese] rind pte damandes almond paste pt pt pt de campagne coarse pork pt pt de canard duck pat pt de foie gras liver pt pt de soja tofu pt de gibier en crote game pie ptes (alimentaires) pasta ptes fraches fresh pasta pat en crote meat pie pt vgtal vegetable pie ptisserie French pastry; cake patte leg pattes de dinde/de poulet turkey/chicken drumsticks paupiette thin rolled stuffed piece of meat paupiette de boeuf beef olive paupiette de veau veal olive pav square or rectangular piece of steak, cheese, etc. paysanne served with carrots, turnips, onions, celery, potatoes, bacon
pan(e) papaye paprika parfait 55

peau

peau skin, peel

French-English

sans peau peeled

pche peach peler to peel pelure peel

sans pelure peeled

perche deau douce perch perdreau young partridge perdrix partridge prigourdine, la with truffles, liver pt persil parsley
persil fris curly parsley persil plat flat parsley

persill(e) garnished with chopped parsley ptillant(e) sparkling, fizzy petit beurre butter biscuit petit djeuner breakfast petit pain (bread) roll, bap
petit pain au lait bun petit pain au seigle rye bread roll

petits fours petits fours [small dessert or cake] petits pois green peas, garden peas

petits pois gourmands, pois mange-tout mangetout, sugar snap

peas
petit-suisse cream cheese in a pot, eaten with sugar petits gris small dark brown snails pets de nonne deep-fried fritters often served hot with sugar pichet carafe
un pichet de rouge a carafe of red wine

pickles pickles pieds de porc pigs trotters pieds et paquets Provenal stuffed parcels of sheeps tripe cooked

with trotters, wine, herbs and tomatoes

pigeon pigeon pigeonneau squab pignon pine nut pilaf aux champignons mushroom pilaff pilchard [grosse sardine] pilchard piment doux [poivron] pepper, capsicum

piment fort, piment rouge chilli, red chilli, chilli pepper piment (fort) en poudre chilli powder

56

poisson-chat piment de la Jamaque allspice

pimprenelle burnet pintade guinea fowl piperade peppers, onions, garlic and tomatoes with beaten eggs and

French-English

sometines ham
piquant(e) hot [strong] pissaladire Provenal tart with onions, olives, tomatoes,

anchovies
pistache pistachio (nut) pistou (basil) pesto plaquemine [kaki] persimmon plat dish

plat du jour dish of the day plat principal main course; [US] entree

plateau fromage, plateau de fromages cheese board pleurote oyster mushroom plie plaice poch(e) poached
poch dans du lait poached in milk

pocher to poach pochouse Burgundian stew of freshwater fish in white wine pol(e) pan-fried point, [rose] medium-rare pointes dasperges asparagus tips poire pear
poires au vin de Bourgogne pears poached in red wine petits poireaux baby leeks petits pois green peas, garden peas pois casss split peas pois chiche chickpea pois gourmands, pois mange-tout, mangetouts mangetout poisson deau douce freshwater fish, river fish poisson de mer sea fish poisson frit fried fish poisson fum smoked fish poisson plat flat fish poisson volant flying fish

poireau leek pois pea

poisson fish

poisson-chat [silure] catfish 57

poitrine

poitrine breast

French-English

poitrine dagneau/de veau breast of lamb/veal poitrine de boeuf brisket of beef

poivrade, sauce a mix of vegetables cooked with wine, vinegar,

pepper, and demi-glace sauce

poivre pepper [spice]
moulin poivre pepper mill poivre de cayenne cayenne pepper poivre en grains whole pepper poivre moulu ground pepper poivre noir/vert/blanc black/green/white pepper

poivrire pepper pot poivron pepper [vegetable]

poivron farci stuffed pepper poivron rouge [piment doux] red pepper poivron vert green pepper

polenta [semoule de mas] polenta pomme [fruit] apple

pomme au four baked apple pure de pommes apple puree

pomme (de terre) potato

pomme de terre au four baked potato pommes (de terre) dauphine croquettes of mashed potatoes pommes (de terre) dauphinoises sliced potatoes baked with

mixed with choux pastry

milk, cream, eggs and seasoning pommes (de terre) duchesse duchesse potatoes [mashed and mixed with egg yolk, baked] pommes de terre langlaise/ leau boiled potatoes pommes de terre aux amandes amandine potatoes pommes de terre nouvelles new potatoes pommes de terre sautes fried potoatoes pommes allumettes matchstick potatoes pommes chips (potato) crisps; [US] potato chips pommes frites (potato) chips; [US] French fries pommes mousseline pured potatoes pommes pure mashed potatoes; [US] creamed potatoes porc pork porcelet suckling pig pot jug pot au chocolat chocolate pot pot au feu braised meat or poultry and vegetables, with the broth served separately
58

pure

potage soup

potage au cari mulligatawny (soup) potage aux lgumes vegetable soup potage bonne femme leek and potato soup potage St Germain green pea soup

French-English

pote thick soup or stew of pork, ham, cabbage, beans and other

vegetables
potiron [citrouille] pumpkin pouding fruit or milk pudding pouding au riz [cuit au four] rice pudding

pouding cabinet cabinet pudding pouding de Nol [anglais] Christmas pudding

poularde fattened chicken poule boiling fowl poulet chicken

poulet la Kiev chicken kiev poulet frit fried chicken poulet rti roast chicken

poulpe octopus pourboire tip, gratuity pourpier purslane poussin poussin poutassou blue whiting pr-cuit(e) par-boiled prsure rennet

sans prsure rennet-free

primeurs new seasons fruit/vegetables prix price

prix fixe set, fixed-price

profiteroles profiteroles propre clean provenale, la with tomatoes, garlic, olive oil, olives prune plum
prune de Damas damson

pruneau (sec) prune prunelle sloe pure puree

eau de vie de prunelle sloe gin en pure mashed (potatoes); stewed (fruit) pure de pois mushy peas pure de pois casss pease-pudding

59

quark pure de pommes apple puree, apple sauce pure de pommes de terre, pommes pure mashed potatoes;

French-English

[US] creamed potatoes

Qq
quark [fromage blanc] quark quatre-pices allspice quenelles [de brochet, de poulet ou veau] quenelles [oval

dumplings of pike, chicken or veal, poached]

quetsche dark red plum queue de boeuf oxtail
soupe la queue de boeuf oxtail soup

queues de langoustine [scampi] scampi quiche quiche

quiche lorraine quiche lorraine quiche au saumon fum smoked salmon quiche

60

French-English

Rr
rble (de lapin/livre) saddle (of rabbit/of hare) radis radish, radishes rafrachi(e) chilled rafrachisseur [ vin] wine cooler ragot [fricasse] stew ragot de boeuf [pote] hotpot
ragot de mouton lirlandaise Irish stew

raie skate raifort horseradish raifort, sauce a mixture of grated horseradish, vinegar and

whipped cream. Served with roast beef and smoked fish

raisin(s) [de table] grape(s)
raisins de Corinthe currants raisins de Smyrne sultanas raisins sec raisins

ramequin ramekin rance rancid rp(e) grated rascasse scorpion fish rassis(e) stale ratatouille ratatouille ravigote, sauce a vinaigrette made with oil and vinegar, egg yolk,

capers, parsley, tarragon, chervil, chives, and onion

ravioli ravioli recette recipe rglisse liquorice reine-claude greengage (plum) relever to spice up 61

rmoulade, sauce

rmoulade, sauce mayonnaise with capers, gherkins, anchovy.

French-English

Served with fried fish

repas meal requin shark rhubarbe rhubarb rhum rum rillettes shredded potted pork or goose rillons fried pieces of crispy pork or goose ris de veau sweetbreads rissole rissole riz rice

riz au blanc, riz la chinoise boiled rice riz au lait au four baked rice, rice pudding riz Caroline long-grained rice riz complet brown rice riz indien basmati rice riz pour risotto risotto rice riz rond pudding rice riz sauvage wild rice

Robert, sauce fried onion with stock, mustard, and castor sugar

added. Served with fried pork chop

rognon kidney
rognons la (sauce) diable devilled kidneys

romaine [laitue] romaine lettuce, cos lettuce romarin rosemary romsteck rump steak roquette rocket rosbif roast beef rti roast rti de boeuf [rosbif] roast beef
rti de porc roast pork

rti(e) roasted rtie [pain grill] toast rtir to roast rouget barbet red mullet rouille mayonnaise made of chillies, garlic, and olive oil roulade stuffed rolled (meat etc.) roux a mixture of fat and flour cooked together, used as the base for

sauces
russe, la served with sour cream, hard-boiled egg and beetroot rye [whisky de seigle] rye whisky 62

French-English

Ss
sabayon zabaglione sabl shortbread saccharine saccharin safran saffron sagou sago saignant(e) [viande] rare [meat, steak] saindoux lard Saint Germain with green peas Saint-Pierre dory, John Dory saisir to sear salade salad; lettuce

salade au poulet chicken salad salade Csar Caesar salad salade compose mixed salad [containing vegetables, meat or salade de fruits fruit salad salade de pommes de terre potato salad salade de tomate tomato salad salade mixte lettuce and tomato salad salade nioise salad of tomatoes, hard-boiled eggs, olives,

eggs, fish etc.]

anchovies, green beans, capers, potatoes, lettuce, green pepper, cucumber and/or tuna salade panache mixed salad salade tide warm salad salade verte green salad salade Waldorf [pommes, cleri, noix, avec mayonnaise] Waldorf salad sale dirty [plate, tablecloth, etc.]
63

sal(e)

French-English

sal(e) salted; salty salir to dirty salmis game bird served in rich wine sauce made with remains of

bird
salsifis salsify sandre pike-perch sandwich sandwich

sandwich au fromage cheese sandwich sandwich au jambon ham sandwich

sanglier boar sardine sardine sarrasin [bl noir] buckwheat sarriette savoury [herb] sauce [jus de viande] sauce; gravy sauce [mayonnaise; vinaigrette] dressing sauce sauce

sauce laneth dill sauce sauce la crme cream sauce sauce la menthe (frache) mint sauce sauce au beurre butter sauce sauce au chocolat chocolate sauce sauce au pain bread sauce sauce aux canneberges cranberry sauce sauce bigarade [bitter] orange sauce sauce blanche [bchamel] white sauce sauce barnaise barnaise (sauce) sauce bordelaise bordelaise (red wine) sauce sauce diable devilled sauce sauce espagnole brown sauce sauce hollandaise hollandaise sauce sauce madre Madeira sauce sauce Mornay cheese sauce sauce soja soy sauce, soya sauce sauce tartare tartar(e) sauce sauce tomate tomato sauce saucisse de Toulouse fat pork sausage saucisson italien salami

saucisse sausage

saucisson French sausage (pre-cooked) sauge sage saumon salmon

saumon fum smoked salmon darne de saumon salmon steak

saut(e) sauted 64

soucoupe

sauter la chinoise to stir-fry sautoir saut pan

au sautoir sautd

French-English

saxifrage saxifrage scampi scampi seau de glace bucket of ice sec (sche) dry
trs sec very dry [wine]

sch(e) dried seiche cuttlefish seigle rye sel salt

qui contient peu de sel sel gemme rock salt

low-salt (dish)

selle (dagneau) saddle semoule semolina serpolet wild thyme serveur waiter serveuse waitress service service

service compris service included service non compris service not included service la discrtion du client service discretionary

serviette (de table) napkin, serviette ssame sesame seed silure [poisson-chat] catfish sirop syrup
sirop de mas corn syrup sirop drable maple syrup

socca chickpea flour pancake soja (fve de) soy bean, soya bean

sauce soja soy sauce, soya sauce

sole Dover sole; sand sole sommelier wine waiter son (de bl) bran sorbet sorbet sorgho sorghum Soubise, sauce bchamel sauce with onion pure, flavoured with

nutmeg. Used for roast meats

soucoupe saucer 65

souffl

souffl souffl

French-English

souffl au fromage cheese souffl souffl aux fraises strawberry souffl

soupe soup
soupe la queue de boeuf oxtail soup soupe loignon onion soup soupe au pistou Provenal soup of vegetables, noodles, beans,

basil
soupe aux lgumes vegetable soup soupe aux pois (casss) pea soup [with split peas] soupe de poisson(s) fish soup soupe de poulet chicken soup

souris dagneau knuckle-end of leg of lamb (on the bone) spaghetti spaghetti sprat [harenguet] sprat steak steak
steak au poivre pepper steak steak (et) frites steak and chips steak tartare raw minced fillet steak served with raw egg yolk,

capers, onions
stoemp Belgian dish of mashed potato and chopped vegetables stout [bire brune] stout stroganoff de champignons mushroom stroganoff strudel aux pommes apple strudel succdan de lait [en poudre] coffee whitener sucre sugar
sucre de canne cane sugar sucre drable maple sugar sucre dorge barley sugar sucre glace, sucre en poudre icing sugar sucre roux [cassonade] (soft) brown sugar sucre semoule caster sugar sucre vanill vanilla sugar

sucr(e) sweet suif (de boeuf) suet supplment supplement

supplment lgumes 3 vegetables 3 extra

suprme de poulet [blanc, filet] chicken breast, breast of chicken surgel(e) frozen syllabub [sabayon] syllabub 66

French-English

Tt
table table taboul tabouleh tagliatelle tagliatelle
tagliatelles aux champignons et la crme creamy mushroom tagliatelle tajine North African stew simmered in conical earthenware dish tamiser to sift tanche tench tangerine tangerine tapenade paste made of black olives, capers, lemon, anchovies, olive oil tapioca tapioca tartare see steak tartare tarte pie part de tarte slice of pie tarte loignon onion tart tarte aux fruits fruit tart tarte aux noix de pcan pecan pie tarte aux pommes apple pie tarte Tatin upside down apple pie [apples covered with pastry served upside down] tartelette (small) tart tartelette la crme custard tart tartelette aux pommes apple tart tartine slice of bread and butter tasse cup tasse caf coffee cup tasse th tea cup

67

tendre tasse de caf cup of coffee tasse de chocolat cup of cocoa/hot chocolate tasse de th cup of tea tasse et soucoupe cup and saucer

French-English

tendre [viande] tender terrine terrine [chopped fish, meat or vegetable loaf] th tea
th (au) citron lemon tea th au lait tea with milk th de Chine China tea th glac iced tea th japonais Japan tea th nature tea without milk or sugar th vert green tea

thire teapot thon tuna, tunny

thon blanc albacore (tuna)

thym thyme tian Provenal gratin of fish or vegetables cooked in a shallow dish tide warm, not hot or cold [salad etc.] tilleul lime timbale cup-shaped mould
timbale de poisson fishermans pie

tire-bouchon corkscrew tisane herbal tea tofu [pt de soja] tofu toilettes lavatory, toilet tomate tomato

tomate-cerise cherry tomato tomate oblongue/italienne plum tomato tomates farcis stuffed tomatoes tomates sches (au soleil) sun-dried tomatoes

topinambour Jerusalem artichoke torsade twisted plait tourin cream of onion soup tournedos fillet steak tournesol sunflower tourte tart or flan with puff pastry tourteau [crabe] crab tranche slice

graines de tournesol sunflower seeds huile de tournesol sunflower oil

tranche de jambon slice of ham

68

veau tranche de pain slice of bread tranche napolitaine Neapolitan ice cream

French-English

tranch(e) sliced (bread, etc.) travers de porc spare ribs tremper to dip trvise [chicore rouge] radicchio tripes tripe

tripes la mode de Caen tripe cooked with vegetables and

white wine, for 7 to 8 hours

trou normand glass of Calvados or other spirits between courses to

clear the palate

truffade Auvergne dish of potatoes, bacon, cheese and garlic, eaten

with sausages
truffe truffle truite trout
truff garnished with truffle truffe au chocolat chocolate truffle truite arc-en-ciel rainbow trout truite de mer sea trout truite saumone salmon trout

tuile aux amandes thin almond biscuit similar to brandy snap turbot turbot

Vv
vacherin meringue filled with ice cream or cream vaisselle [service de porcelaine] china (service) vanille vanilla
extrait de vanille vanilla essence glace la vanille vanilla ice cream

vapeur steamed veau [animal] calf 69

veau

veau [viande] veal

French-English

escalope de veau veal escalope foie de veau calfs liver noix de veau tender cut of veal

vgtalien (-ienne) vegan vgtarien (-ienne) vegetarian velout (de) cream (of) [soup]

velout de champignons cream of mushroom soup

velout, sauce a white sauce made from fat and flour cooked till

lightly coloured, with added white stock

venaison venison vermicelle vermicelli verre glass

verre eau glass for water verre vin wine glass verre deau glass of water verre de vin glass of wine verre propre clean glass

verte, sauce mayonnaise mixed with tarragon or chervil, chives

and watercress
verveine lemon verbena viande meat
viande de cheval horse meat viande en cocotte pot roast viande froide cold meat viande fum smoked meat

vichyssoise vichyssoise [leek and cream soup] viennoiserie croissants, brioches, pains aux raisins, etc vigneronne, la served with grapes and a wine sauce vin wine

vin blanc white wine vin cors full-bodied wine vin de Bordeaux Bordeaux wine vin de Bourgogne Burgundy wine vin de pays local wine of a particular grape variety and area vin de Porto port vin de table table wine vin doux, vin de dessert dessert wine, sweet wine vin lger light-bodied wine vin local local wine vin (de la) maison house wine vin mousseux; vin ptillant sparkling wine vin ros ros (wine) vin rouge red wine

70

zeste vin sec dry wine

vinaigre vinegar

French-English

vinaigre balsamique balsamic vinegar vinaigre de cidre cider vinegar vinaigre de vin (rouge/blanc) (red/white) wine vinegar

vinaigrette French dressing, vinaigrette vivaneau red snapper volaille fowl; chicken vol-au-vent [bouche feuillete; timbale] vol au vent

WwZz
waterzooi Belgian dish of chicken cooked in stock, white wine and

cream with vegetables

WC toilet, lavatory whiskey irlandais Irish whiskey whisky cossais whisky xrs sherry yaourt yoghurt

yaourt la grecque Greek yoghurt yaourt nature plain yoghurt yaourt aux myrtilles blueberry yoghurt

yoghourt yoghurt zabaglione zabaglione zeste [corce rpe] zest

zeste de citron lemon zest, grated lemon peel

71

English-French

Aa
English-French
abalone ormeau absinthe absinthe account compte aloli sauce ailloli, aoli air-conditioned climatis(e) albacore (tuna) thon blanc, germon ale bire (anglaise) blonde; see also beer alfalfa sprouts germes de luzerne allergic allergique (/au/aux...) allergy allergie (/au/aux...) allspice piment de la Jamaque almond amande douce
almond paste pte damandes with almonds aux amandes

amandine potatoes pommes de terre aux amandes anchovy anchois

anchovy butter beurre danchois anchovy paste pure, pte danchois

angel (food) cake angel cake [gnoise sans jaune doeufs] angel fish ange de mer angel hair pasta cheveux dange angels on horseback angels on horseback [hutres entoures de

bacon, grilles, sur toast]

angelica anglique angler baudroie, lotte (de mer) aniseed anis aperitif apritif 74

bacon

appetizer [US] [drink] apritif;

[food] amuse-gueule; hors-doeuvres

apple pomme [fruit]
apple fritter beignet de pommes apple juice jus de pomme apple pie tarte aux pommes apple puree pure de pommes apple sauce pure de pommes [peu sucre] apple strudel strudel aux pommes apple turnover chausson aux pommes apple tart tartelette aux pommes

apricot abricot aroma arme; bouquet [of wine] arrowroot arrow-root artichoke artichaut ashtray cendrier asparagus asperge

English-French

asparagus tips pointes dasperges

aspic aspic assorted vegetables choix de lgumes, lgumes varis aubergine aubergine au gratin [US] gratin(e), au gratin avocado avocat

Bb
baby petit
baby corn (cob) tout petit pi de mas baby leeks petits poireaux baby vegetables petits lgumes bacon and eggs oeufs au bacon

bacon bacon, lard fum

75

bad

bad mauvais(e)

bad egg oeuf pourri

bake (faire) cuire au four baked cuit(e) au four

baked Alaska omelette norvgienne baked apple pomme au four baked beans haricots blancs aux tomates; fves au lard baked custard flan baked potato pomme de terre au four baked rice riz au lait au four, pouding au riz

English-French

bakery boulangerie; [for cakes] patisserie balsamic vinegar vinaigre balsamique banana banane

banana fritter beignet de bananes banana split banana split [banane, glace la vanille, Chantilly, banana flamb banane flambe

amandes]

Barbary duck canard de Barbarie barbecue barbecue barbecued grill(e) au barbecue barbel rouget barbet barley orge basil basilic

barley sugar sucre dorge barley water sirop dorgeat [fait avec de lorge] basil pesto pistou

basmati rice riz indien, riz Caroline bass loup (de mer), bar batons [of carrots, etc.] btonnets batter pte frire Bavarian cream bavarois bay leaf feuille de laurier bean haricot

bean sprouts germes de soja broad beans grosses fves; fves des marais French beans, green beans, string beans haricot verts kidney beans haricots rouges runner beans haricots grimpants soya bean (fve de) soja

barnaise (sauce) sauce barnaise bchamel (sauce) (sauce) bchamel beech nuts fanes 76

boiled

beef boeuf

beefsteak [US] bifteck, steak beef stock bouillon de boeuf beef Wellington filet de boeuf en crote roast beef rosbif draught beer bire ( la) pression

beer bire

beetroot betterave bergamot bergamote bib [childs] bavette, bavoir bilberry airelle, myrtille bill addition biscuits biscuits, gteaux secs bitter amer (amre) bitter bire anglaise pression black butter beurre noir black beans haricots noirs blackberry mre (de ronce) black cherry cerise noire black coffee caf noir blackcurrant cassis [groseille noire] Black Forest cake/gateau fort-noire black halibut fltan noir black pepper poivre noir black pudding boudin noir blaeberry airelle, myrtille blanch blanchir blancmange blanc-manger blend mlanger, incorporer blinis blinis blueberry myrtille, bleuet blue cheese fromage bleu blue whiting poutassou boar sanglier; [young] marcassin boil (faire) bouillir boiled bouilli(e), cuit(e) leau, langlaise

English-French

boiled egg oeuf la coque boiled ham jambon poch boiled potatoes pommes de terre langlaise/ leau boiled rice riz au blanc, riz la chinoise hard-boiled egg oeuf dur

77

bombe

bombe bombe bone os

boned dsoss(e) [viande, poisson] on the bone [meat] avec los; [fish] dont les artes nont pas t bones (of fish) artes (de poisson)

retires

English-French

bonito bonite borage bourrache bordelaise sauce sauce bordelaise borlotti beans haricots italiens bouquet garni bouquet garni bottle bouteille
bottle opener ouvre-bouteille

bowl bol brains cervelle (de veau) braise braiser braised brais(e) bran son (de bl) brandy cognac brawn fromage de tte Brazil nut noix du Brsil bread pain

cherry brandy cherry brandy, liqueur de cerise

breadcrumbs chapelure bread knife petit couteau [pour beurrer son pain] bread sauce sauce au pain

breaded pan(e) breakfast petit djeuner bream brme (de mer) breast poitrine

breast of lamb/veal poitrine dagneau/de veau chicken breast suprme de poulet

brill barbue brioche brioche brisket (of beef) poitrine (de boeuf) brittle nougatine broad bean grosse fve; fve des marais broccoli (chou) brocoli broth bouillon brown [verb] (faire) brunir; (faire) dorer brown bread pain complet 78

caffeine

brown butter beurre noisette brown rice riz complet brown sugar sucre roux, cassonade brown sauce sauce espagnole Brussels sprouts choux de Bruxelles bubble and squeak choux et pommes de terre frits buckwheat sarrasin, bl noir buffet buffet bulgar wheat, bulgur wheat bl concass bun petit pain au lait burbot lotte (deau douce) burdock glouteron, bardane burgundy (wine) (vin de) bourgogne; see also wine burnet pimprenelle burnt brl(e) butchers shop boucherie butter beurre
butter sauce sauce au beurre with butter avec beurre, au beurre without butter sans beurre

English-French

butterfish blennie buttermilk lait de beurre, babeurre

Cc
cabbage chou cabinet pudding pouding cabinet Caesar salad salade Csar caffeine cafine
caffeine-free sans cafine, dcafin(e)

79

cake

cake gteau

carrot cake gteau aux carottes cream cake gteau la crme fruit cake cake [aux fruits confits] sponge cake gnoise calfs brains cervelle de veau calfs liver foie de veau

calf veau

camomile camomille canaps canaps candied confit(e)

English-French

candied peel zeste confit, corce confite

candle chandelle candlestick chandelier candy [US] bonbon cane sugar sucre de canne canned en bote (de conserve) cantaloup (melon) cantaloup capers cpres capon chapon capsicum piment doux, poivron carafe carafe caramel caramel caraway (seeds) cumin des prs, carvi carbohydrate glucides [hydrates de carbone] cardamom cardamome carp carpe carrot carotte
carrot cake gteau aux carottes

carve dcouper cassata cassate cashew nut noix dacajou/noix de cajou casserole casserole caster sugar sucre semoule catfish poisson-chat, silure catsup [US] ketchup, sauce tomate cauliflower chou-fleur caviar caviar cayenne pepper poivre de cayenne celeriac cleri-rave 80

cauliflower cheese chou-fleur sauce Mornay, au gratin

chilli

celery cleri cereal [breakfast] crales chair chaise champagne champagne chantilly (crme) Chantilly chanterelle chanterelle [mushroom] char [fish] omble chevalier charcoal charbon de bois chard bette, blette charlotte charlotte

charcoal-grilled grill(e) au charbon de bois

English-French

apple charlotte charlotte aux pommes

cheddar (cheese) (fromage) cheddar cheese fromage

cheese board plateau fromage; plateau de fromages cheesecake gteau au fromage blanc cream cheese fromage la crme cheese sauce sauce Mornay cheese souffl souffl au fromage cheese straw paille, allumette au fromage

chef chef cherry cerise

cherry brandy cherry brandy, liqueur de cerise cherry tomato tomate-cerise

chervil cerfeuil chestnut [sweet] marron, chtaigne

water chestnut chtaigne deau

chickpea pois chiche chicken poulet

roast chicken poulet rti breast of chicken suprme de poulet chicken gumbo (potage de) poulet et gombo chicken Kiev poulet la Kiev chicken livers foies de poulets chicken salad salade au poulet chicken soup soupe de poulet

chicory endive childrens menu menu des enfants chilled rafrachi(e) chilli piment fort, piment rouge

chilli con carne chili con carne chilli pepper piment fort, piment rouge chilli powder piment en poudre

81

china (service)

china (service) vaisselle; service de porcelaine China tea th de Chine Chinese cabbage chou de Chine chipped [glass, plate] (verre, assiette) brch(e) chips (pommes) frites chips [US] (pommes) chips chitterling [US] friture de tripes [dcoupes en morceaux] chives ciboulette, civette chocolate chocolat

English-French

chocolate eclair clair au chocolat chocolate mousse mousse au chocolat chocolate sauce sauce au chocolat chocolate truffle truffe au chocolat

chop [cutlet] cte, ctelette chopped (into pieces) en ds; (persil) hach chopsticks baguettes choux pastry pte choux chowder soupe de poisson base de lait Christmas cake gteau de Nol [anglais] Christmas log bche de Nol Christmas pudding pouding de Nol [anglais] cider cidre
cider vinegar vinaigre de cidre

cinnamon cannelle citron cdrat citrus agrumes clam clam, palourde

clam chowder chowder aux palourdes

claret bordeaux rouge clean propre clear up desservir (la table) clear soup consomm clementine clmentine clove clou de girofle cobnut noisette cockles coques cocoa (poudre de) cacao

clove of garlic gousse dail

cocoa butter beurre de cacao cup of cocoa une tasse de cacao/de chocolat

82

couscous

coconut noix de coco

coconut milk lait de coco desiccated coconut noix de coco sche

cod morue, cabillaud coffee caf

cappuccino coffee cappuccino coffee whitener succdan de lait [en poudre] coffee parfait parfait au caf coffee pot cafetire coffee spoon cuillre caf decaffeinated coffee caf dcafin, un dca espresso / expresso coffee caf express filter coffee caf filtre instant coffee caf soluble

English-French

cold froid(e) cold cuts [US] assiette de viandes froides, assiette anglaise
cold meat viande froide

coley [coalfish] lieu noir, colin collared beef rosbif roul [ficel] condensed milk lait condens condiment condiment confectioners custard crme ptissire conger eel congre, anguille de mer consomm (soup) consomm continental breakfast caf complet cook chef cookies [US] biscuits, gteaux secs coriander coriandre corkscrew tire-bouchon corn mas

cold consomm consomm froid, consomm en gele

corn bread pain la farine de mas cornflour fcule de mas corn on the cob pi de mas, mas en pi corn syrup sirop de mas

corned beef boeuf de conserve cornet [ice cream] cornet (de glace) cos lettuce (laitue) romaine cottage cheese fromage cottage courgette courgette couscous couscous 83

crab

crab crabe, tourteau, dormeur

dressed crab crabe froid langlaise/ la russe prepared crab crabe dcortiqu

crackling couenne croquante (du rti de porc) cranberry canneberge

cranberry sauce sauce de canneberges

crawfish langouste crayfish crevisse cream crme

English-French

double cream crme paisse single cream crme lgre whipped cream crme Chantilly, crme fouette cream cheese fromage la crme cream cake gteau la crme cream sauce sauce la crme [bchamel] cream slice millefeuille [o la crme Chantilly remplace la cream tea th accompagn de scones avec confiture et crme

crme ptissire]

frache
cream of crme (de), velout (de)
cream of asparagus soup crme dasperges cream of chicken soup crme de volaille, velout de volaille cream of tomato soup crme de tomates creamed spinach pure dpinards la crme

creamed en pure, la crme creamed potato [US] pure de pommes de terre creamy en crme, crmeux(-euse), velout(e) crme caramel [baked custard] crme caramel crme frache crme frache cress cresson crispbread biscotte crisps (pommes) chips croquette potatoes croquettes de pommes de terre croutons crotons crumble crumble crumpet petite crpe paisse [non sucre] crystallised fruit fruits confits cucumber concombre
cucumber sandwich sandwich au concombre

cumin (seed) cumin cup tasse

cup and saucer tasse et soucoupe cup of coffee tasse de caf; un caf

84

demerara sugar cup of tea tasse de th; un th coffee cup tasse caf tea cup tasse th

cured fum(e), marin(e), sal(e) currants raisins de Corinthe curry curry, cari custard crme anglaise

baked custard flan custard apple anone, pomme canelle custard sauce crme anglaise custard tart tartelette la crme

cut couper cutlery couvert cutlet ctelette cuttlefish seiche

English-French

Dd
dab limande dairy products produits laitiers damson prune de Damas date datte date plum kaki debone dsosser, lever les filets decaffeinated, decaf (caf) dcafine, un dca deep-fried cuit(e) grande friture deer chevreuil defrost dgeler delicious dlicieux (-euse) demerara sugar sucre roux cristallis 85

dessert

dessert dessert

dessert wine vin doux, vin de dessert devilled kidneys rognons la (sauce) diable devilled sauce sauce ( la) diable

devilled ( la) diable diced en cube dill aneth

dill sauce sauce laneth

English-French

dinner dner dip [verb] tremper dip [noun] sauce froide [pour crudits] dirty [adj] sale dirty [verb] salir dish plat
dish of the day plat du jour

dogfish aiguillat, chien de mer done cuit(e)

under-done pas assez cuit(e); [viande] saignant(e) well-done bien cuit(e)

dory, John Dory Saint-Pierre, dore double cream crme paisse doughnut beignet Dover sole sole draught beer bire ( la) pression dressing vinaigrette dried sch(e), sec (sche) drink boisson

jam doughnut beignet fourr la confiture

sun-dried tomatoes tomates sches (au soleil) drinks included forfait boissons

drumsticks pattes de dinde ou de poulet dry (wine) (vin) sec Dublin bay prawn langoustine duchesse potatoes pommes (de terre) duchesse duck [domestic] canard (domestique) duck [wild] canard sauvage
duck pat pt de canard duck with oranges canard lorange duckling caneton, canette [female]

dumpling boulette de pte

potato dumpling gnocchi Parmentier

86

Ee
English-French
eclair clair eel anguille egg oeuf
boiled egg oeuf la coque egg and bacon oeuf et bacon egg cup coquetier egg white blanc doeuf egg yolk jaune doeuf fried egg oeuf sur le plat hard-boiled egg oeuf dur omelette omelette poached egg oeuf poch scrambled eggs oeufs brouills soft-boiled egg oeuf mollet

eggplant [US] aubergine elderberry baie de sureau endive chicore frise entree [starter] entre entree [US main course] plat principal escalope escalope
turkey escalope escalope de dinde veal escalope escalope de veau

essence extrait (de) ewes milk lait de brebis

ewes milk cheese fromage de (lait de) brebis

87

Ff
English-French
faggot ballottine farm (eggs, chickens) (oeufs, poulets) fermiers fat [adj] gras (grasse) fat [noun] gras
fat-free sans gras

fennel fenouil feta cheese (fromage) feta, fta fig figue filbert aveline fillet filet filleted dsoss(e), en filets filo pastry pte phyllo filter coffee caf filtre fine beans haricots verts (fins) fish poisson

fillet steak tournedos, steak prlev dans le filet fillet of beef filet de boeuf

anchovy anchois angel fish ange de mer bass loup (de mer), bar bream brme brill barbue burbot lotte (deau douce) catfish poisson-chat, silure cod morue, cabillaud coley [coalfish] colin, lieu noir conger eel congre, anguille de mer crayfish crevisse cuttlefish seiche

88

fizzy dogfish aiguillat, chien de mer dory, John Dory Saint-Pierre, dore Dover sole sole [la vraie] eel anguille fish and chips friture de poisson avec frites fish stew matelote, bouillabaisse fish soup soupe de poissons fish cake croquette de poisson flounder flet flying fish poisson volant grey mullet mulet gris haddock aiglefin, glefin hake merlu, colin halibut fltan herring hareng kipper hareng saur/fum lemon sole limande-sole mackerel maquereau monkfish baudroie, lotte de mer pike brochet pike-perch sandre pilchard pilchard, (grosse) sardine red mullet rouget barbet rockfish rascasse roe oeufs de poisson, laitance salmon saumon scorpion fish rascasse sea bass loup (de mer), bar sea bream brme de mer sea trout truite de mer, truite saumone shark requin, aiguillat skate raie skipjack bonite smelt perlan sole sole sturgeon esturgeon swordfish espadon tench tanche trout truite tunny, tuna thon turbot turbot whitebait [sprats] blanchaille whiting merlan

English-French

fishermans pie timbale de poisson fish shop poissonerie fizzy ptillant(e), gazeux(-euse) 89

flageolet (beans)

English-French

flageolet (beans) flageolet flakes flocons flamb flamb(e) flan flan flat fish poisson plat flavour [of ice cream] parfum flavoured aromatis floating island(s) oeufs la neige, le(s) flottante(s) flounder flet flour farine flying fish poisson volant fondant fondant fondue fondue fool mousse faite de fruits, crme anglaise et Chantilly fork fourchette fowl volaille
boiling fowl poule

free-range (egg, chicken) (oeuf, poulet) fermier French beans haricots verts French dressing vinaigrette French fries [US] (pommes) frites French toast pain perdu, pain dor fresh frais (frache) freshwater (fish) (poisson) deau douce fried frit(e) fried chicken poulet frit fried egg oeuf sur le plat fried fish poisson frit
mixed fried fish friture de poissons

frise (salad) chicore frise fritter beignet

apple fritter beignet de pommes

frogs legs cuisses de grenouilles frozen surgel(e) fruit fruit

fruit cocktail salade de fruits, macdoine de fruits fruit juice jus de fruits fruit salad salade de fruits, macdoine de fruits

fry frire fudge fondant au chocolat full-bodied wine vin cors 90

gluten-free

full-cream milk lait entier full-fat (cheese) (fromage) de lait entier

Gg
English-French
galantine galantine game gibier ( plume, poil); chevreuil
game pie pt de gibier en crote

gammon jambon fum (dsoss) garden mint menthe verte garden peas petits pois frais garlic ail garlicky aill(e) gateau gteau gazpacho gaspacho gelatine glatine ghee beurre clarifi [cuisine indienne] gherkin cornichon giblets abats gin genivre ginger gingembre
ginger beer bire au gingembre gingerbread pain dpice(s) ginger cake gteau au gingembre

glac cherry cerise confite glass verre

clean glass verre propre glass of water verre deau wine glass verre vin

glazed glac(e) gluten-free sans gluten 91

GM

GM [genetically modified] gntiquement modifi goat chvre

goats cheese fromage de chvre goats milk lait de chvre goose liver foie doie

goose oie

English-French

gooseberry groseille maquereau goulash goulash, goulasch granary loaf pain complet granita granit granulated sugar sucre granul grape(s) raisin(s) (de table) grapefruit pamplemousse grapeseed oil huile de ppins de raisin grated rp(e) gratuity pourboire gravy sauce, jus de viande
gravy boat saucire

Greek yoghurt yaourt la grecque [au lait de brebis] green beans haricots verts green olives olives vertes green peas petits pois green pepper poivron vert green salad salade verte greengage (plum) reine-claude Greenland halibut fltan noir greens lgumes verts grenadine grenadine grey mullet mulet gris grill [verb] griller, cuire sur le gril grill [noun] gril
mixed grill assiette de viandes grilles (assorties)

grilled grill(e) grind moudre gristle cartilage, croquant grits [US] bouillie de mas, gruau de mas groats gruau davoine grocery picerie; [small] alimentation ground [coffee] moulu(e), [meat] hach(e)
ground beef hachis, boeuf hach

groundnut oil huile darachide 92

heat up

grouper mrou grouse grouse guava goyave gudgeon goujon guinea fowl pintade gumbo gombo gurnard grondin

English-French

Hh
haddock aiglefin, glefin haggis haggis [estomac de mouton contenant un hachis dabattis

de mouton, oignons et avoine, le tout bouilli]

hake merlu, colin half bottle demi-bouteille halibut fltan ham jambon

boiled ham jambon poch slice of ham tranche de jambon

hamburger hamburger hard-boiled egg oeuf dur hard cheese fromage pte dure hard roe oeufs de poisson hare livre haricot beans haricots blancs hash browns [US] pommes de terre en ds, avec oignons, sautes haunch cuissot hazelnut noisette, aveline heart coeur heat up chauffer, rchauffer 93

herbs

English-French

herbs fines herbes herbal tea tisane, infusion herring hareng hickory nut noix du noyer blanc dAmrique hollandaise sauce sauce hollandaise hominy grits [US] bouillie de mas honey miel honeycomb rayon de miel, gaufre de miel honeydew melon cavaillon hors doeuvre hors doeuvre horse mackerel chinchard horsemeat viande de cheval, cheval horseradish raifort hot [not cold] chaud(e); [strong] piquant(e) hot dog hot dog [saucisse de Francfort dans un petit pain] hotpot ragot (de boeuf), pote

Ii
ice glace
bucket of ice seau de glace [pour garder le vin frais] ice cream cone cornet de glace/de crme glace ice cream scoop boule de glace/de crme glace

ice cream glace, crme glace ice cube glaon ice lolly Esquimau iceberg lettuce laitue iceberg icing glace, glaage

icing sugar sucre glace/en poudre

ingredients ingrdients, lments 94

julienne

instant coffee caf soluble Irish stew ragot de mouton lirlandaise Irish whiskey whiskey irlandais

Jj
jam confiture jelly [savoury] aspic, chaud-froid, galantine jelly [sweet/pudding] gele jelly [US, jam] confiture jello [US] gele [parfume la fraise, etc.] Jerusalem artichoke topinambour John Dory Saint-Pierre, dore jug pot jugged hare civet de livre juice jus (de fruits; de viande) julienne julienne

English-French

95

Kk
English-French
kaki kaki, plaquemine kale chou vert fris [non pomm] kebab kbab, brochette (de viande) kedgeree riz au poisson fum avec oeufs durs et cari ketchup ketchup key lime pie tarte la crme de citron vert kidney rognon kidney beans haricots rouges king prawn crevette rose kipper hareng fum, hareng saur kiwi fruit kiwi knife couteau knuckle jarret kohlrabi chou-rave kosher casher, kasher kumquat kumquat

96

Ll
English-French
lactose lactose
lactose intolerance intolrance au lactose

ladies fingers gombos lager bire blonde lamb agneau

a lager shandy un demi panach lamb chop ctelette dagneau

lambs lettuce mche langoustine langoustine lard saindoux lark alouette lasagne lasagne latte (coffee) caf crme lavatory toilettes, WC, lavabo lavender lavande leek poireau leg patte
leg of lamb gigot dagneau

legumes lgumineuses lemon citron

lemon balm mlisse lemon grass citronnelle lemon juice jus de citron lemon sole limande-sole lemon zest zeste, corce de citron lemonade limonade; [freshly squeezed] citron press

lentil lentille lettuce laitue, salade 97

lime

lime citron vert, lime ling lingue light-bodied wine vin lger liqueur liqueur liquorice rglisse liver foie
liver sausage leberwurst

loaf pain
meat loaf pain de viande white loaf pain blanc, pain de mie

English-French

lobster homard
lobster bisque bisque de homard

loganberry loganberry loin (of veal/pork/venison) longe (de veau/porc/chevreuil) low-fat [diet] basses calories; [yoghurt etc.] allg low in fat qui contient peu de gras; basses calories low-salt qui contient peu de sel; hyposod(e) lunch djeuner, lunch luncheon meat viande froide presse [de conserve] lychee litchi, letchi

Mm
macadamia nuts noix du noyer de Queensland macaroni macaroni macaroon macaron mace macis mackerel maquereau macrobiotic macrobiotique 98

meringue

Madeira madre

Madeira cake gnoise au citron, gteau de Savoie Madeira sauce sauce madre

maize mas mallard colvert malt malt mandarin mandarine mangetout pois gourmands, pois mange-tout, mangetouts mango mangue mangosteen mangouste, mangoustan maple syrup sirop drable maple sugar sucre drable margarine margarine marinated marin(e) marjoram marjolaine market march marmalade marmelade doranges, confiture doranges marrow [vegetable] courge marrow bone os moelle
bone marrow moelle

English-French

Marsala wine marsala marshmallow guimauve marzipan massepain mashed en pure mashed potatoes pommes pure matches allumettes matchstick potatoes pommes allumettes mayonnaise mayonnaise mead hydromel meal repas meat viande
meat ball boulette de viande meat loaf terrine/pain de viande meat pie tourte/pie de viande

medallion mdaillon medlar nfle melon melon melted butter beurre fondu menu menu, carte meringue meringue

set menu menu prix fixe

99

milk

milk lait
cows milk lait de vache ewes milk lait de brebis goats milk lait de chvre soya milk lait de soja milk chocolate chocolat au lait poached in milk poch dans du lait with milk avec (du) lait; au lait without milk sans lait

minced meat hachis, viande hache mincemeat mincemeat [prparation sucre base dun mlange

English-French

de fruits et raisins secs, et de suif]

mince pie mince pie [tarte(lette) avec mincemeat] mineral water eau minrale
fizzy mineral water eau gazeuse still mineral water eau plate

minestrone (soup) (soupe) minestrone mint menthe

mint sauce sauce la menthe (frache) mint jelly gele la menthe

mixed grill assiette de viandes grilles (assorties) mixed salad salade compose mixed vegetables macdoine de lgumes mollusc mollusque monkfish baudroie, lotte de mer morels morilles mousse mousse, mousseline muesli mesli muffin [sweet, savoury] muffin mug mug, tasse [sans soucoupe] mulberry mre [du mrier] mullet rouget mulligatawny (soup) potage au cari mushroom champignon
button mushrooms champignons de Paris

mushy peas pure de pois mussel moule mustard moutarde mutton mouton 100

Nn
English-French
napkin serviette (de table) natural nature Neapolitan ice cream tranche napolitaine neat sans eau ni glace nectarine brugnon, nectarine nettle ortie no smoking dfense de fumer non-smoking area section non fumeurs noodles nouilles nut noix

almond amande Brazil nut noix du Brsil cashew nut noix dacajou, noix de cajou chestnut marron cobnut noisette coconut noix de coco hazelnut noisette, aveline peanut arachide, cacah(o)ute pecan nut noix de pcan, noix de pacane sweet chestnut chtaigne, marron walnut noix

nutmeg noix de muscade

101

Oo
English-French
oatcake biscuit la farine davoine [pour manger avec le fromage] oatmeal farine davoine oats avoine
porridge oats flocons davoine

octopus poulpe oil huile okra gombo olive olive

black olives olives noires green olives olives vertes

olive oil huile dolive omelette omelette on the rocks [with ice] avec glace, on the rocks onion oignon
onion soup soupe loignon

orange orange

orange juice jus dorange orange sauce sauce lorange; [less sweet] sauce bigarade

oregano origan organic biologique ostrich autruche oven four overdone trop cuit(e) oxtail queue de boeuf

oxtail soup soupe la queue de boeuf

ox tongue langue de boeuf oyster hutre oyster mushroom pleurote 102

Pp
English-French
pancake crpe pan-fried la pole, pol(e) papaya papaye paprika paprika par-boiled pr-cuit(e), mi-cuit(e) parfait parfait Parma ham jambon de Parme Parmesan (cheese) parmesan parsley persil

curly parsley persil fris flat parsley persil plat parsley sauce sauce au persil [bchamel fortement persille]

parsnip panais partridge perdrix; [young] perdreau pasta ptes (alimentaires)

fresh pasta ptes fraches

pastry ptisserie

filo pastry pte phyllo puff pastry pte feuillete shortcrust pastry pte brise

pasty chausson avec viande et pommes de terre pt pt

liver pt pt de foie gras

pawpaw papaye pea pois

green peas petits pois green pea soup potage St Germain split peas pois casss pea soup [with split peas] soupe aux pois (casss)

103

peach

peach pche peanut arachide

peanut butter beurre de cacahoutes/darachides

pear poire pearl barley orge perle pease-pudding pure de pois casss pecan nut noix de pcan, noix de pacane
pecan pie tarte aux noix de pcan

peel [verb] peler, plucher peel [noun] pelure, peau, corce

grated peel zeste, corce rpe

English-French

peeled sans pelure, sans peau pepper [spice] poivre

black/green/white pepper poivre noir/vert/blanc ground pepper poivre moulu whole pepper poivre en grains pepper mill moulin poivre pepper pot poivrire pepper steak steak au poivre green pepper poivron vert red pepper poivron rouge stuffed pepper poivron farci

pepper [vegetable] poivron

peppermint menthe poivre perch perche (deau douce) perry cidre de poire persimmon plaquemine, kaki pesto pistou petits fours petits fours pheasant faisan pickled cabbage choucroute pickled gherkin/cucumber cornichon (saumur/au vinaigre) pickled herring hareng marin pickled onion oignon au vinaigre pickles pickles pie tarte, tourte pig porc, cochon
suck(l)ing pig cochon de lait, porcelet

pigeon pigeon pigs trotters pieds de porc pike brochet pike-perch sandre 104

prawn

pilchard pilchard, (grosse) sardine pineapple ananas pistachio (nut) pistache pitcher pichet, carafe pitta bread pain grec [sans levain] plaice plie, carrelet plain nature plantain banane verte [ cuire] plate assiette plum prune plum pudding plum pudding, pouding de Nol plum tomato tomate oblongue, tomate allonge poach pocher poached poch(e) poached egg oeuf poch polenta polenta, semoule de mas pollack lieu pomegranate grenade popcorn (sweet/salted) mas souffl (sucr/sal) porcini mushroom cpe pork porc porridge porridge, bouillie davoine port (vin de) porto pot roast viande en cocotte potato pomme de terre

English-French

pork chop cte de porc pork crackling couenne croquante (du rti de porc)

baked potato pomme de terre au four boiled potatoes pommes de terre langlaise fried potatoes pommes de terre sautes mashed potatoes pure de pommes de terre, pommes pure new potatoes pommes de terre nouvelles potato chips (pommes) frites potato crisps (pommes) chips potato dumpling gnocchi Parmentier potato salad salade de pommes de terre

potted shrimp petite terrine de crevettes au beurre poultry volaille pound cake gteau quatre-quarts poussin poussin prawn bouquet, crevette rose
Dublin bay prawn langoustine

105

preserves

English-French

preserves conserves price prix prime rib cte de boeuf [premire qualit] profiteroles profiteroles prune pruneau (sec) pudding [savoury] pouding pudding [sweet] dessert, pouding, pudding pudding rice riz rond pudding wine vin de dessert, vin doux puff pastry pte feuillete pulses lgumineuses pumpkin potiron, citrouille purslane pourpier

Qq
quail caille
quails eggs oeufs de cailles

quark quark, fromage blanc quiche quiche

quiche lorraine quiche lorraine

quince coing Quorn aliment base de protines vgtales

106

Rr
English-French
rabbit lapin; [young] lapereau rack carr
rack of lamb carr dagneau rack of ribs carr (dagneau, de porc)

radicchio trvise, chicore rouge radish/radishes radis ragout ragot rainbow trout truite arc-en-ciel raisin raisin sec ramekin ramequin rancid rance rare [steak, meat] saignant(e) raspberry framboise ravioli ravioli raw cru(e) recipe recette red cabbage chou rouge red chilli piment fort, piment rouge redcurrant groseille rouge
redcurrant jelly gele de groseilles

redfish rascasse red mullet rouget barbet red pepper poivron rouge, piment doux rouge red wine vin rouge reindeer chevreuil rhubarb rhubarbe 107

ribs

ribs ctes

rack of ribs carr (dagneau, de porc) ribs of beef ctes de boeuf, entrectes spare ribs travers de porc, ctes leves long-grained rice riz Caroline rice paper papier de riz rice pudding pouding au riz; riz au lait [cuit au four] risotto rice riz pour risotto [riz rond du Pimont] wild rice riz sauvage

rice riz

English-French

rind [cheese] pte ripe mr(e) rissole rissole river rivire; [fish] deau douce roast [verb] rtir roast [noun] rti de boeuf/porc etc
roast beef rti de boeuf, rosbif roast chicken poulet rti roast pork rti de porc

roasted rti(e) rock salt sel gemme rocket roquette rockfish rascasse roe oeufs de poisson

hard roe oeufs de poisson soft roe laitance

roll [bread] petit pain rolled oats flocons davoine rollmop herring rollmop, hareng roul (marin) romaine (lettuce) romaine room temperature chambr(e) ros (wine) (vin) ros rosehip fruit de lglantier rosemary romarin rum rhum
rum baba baba au rhum

rump steak romsteak runner bean haricot grimpant rusk biscotte [pour bb] rye seigle rye bread pain de seigle, pumpernickel rye whisky rye [whisky de seigle] 108

Ss
English-French
saccharin saccharine saddle rble (de lapin); selle (dagneau) safflower carthame saffron safran sage sauge sago sagou saithe lieu noir salad salade

green salad salade verte mixed salad salade compose, salade panache salad dressing vinaigrette salad cream crme mayonnaise side salad salade verte [en accompagnement]

salami saucisson italien salmon saumon salsify salsifis salt sel

low-salt

salmon steak darne de saumon salmon trout truite de mer, truite saumone

hyposod(e)

salted sal(e), avec sel sand sole sole [plus petite que la vraie sole] sandwich sandwich
cheese sandwich sandwich au fromage ham sandwich sandwich au jambon

sardine sardine sauce sauce

white sauce (sauce) bchamel, sauce blanche

109

saucer

saucer soucoupe saury balaou sausage saucisse

liver sausage leberwurst sausage roll friand

English-French

sauted saut(e), au sautoir saut pan sautoir saveloy cervelas savoury entremets sal savoy cabbage chou vert fris [pomm] scallion [US] ciboule, cive scallop coquille St Jacques scalloped chicken [US] poulet en sauce blanche, au four scalloped potatoes [US] gratin dauphinois scampi queues de langoustine, scampi scone [UK] scone [petit pain quon mange avec confiture et crme] scorpion fish rascasse Scotch lcossaise
Scotch broth potage de mouton, lgumes et orge Scotch egg oeuf en croquette [oeuf (dur) enrob de chair

saucisse, pan et frit]

scrambled eggs oeufs brouills sea bass loup (de mer), bar sea bream brme de mer seafood fruits de mer sear (faire) saisir seasoning assaisonnement sea trout truite de mer seaweed algue semi-skimmed milk lait demi-crm semolina semoule service service

service discretionary service la discrtion du client service included service compris service not included service non compris

serviette serviette (de table) sesame seeds graines de ssame shad alose shallot chalote shandy panach

a half of shandy un demi panach

110

snail

shark requin, aiguillat sharp fort(e), acide shellfish crustac, coquillage, fruits de mer shepherds pie hachis Parmentier sherbet sorbet, granit sherry xrs shiitake mushrooms champignons chinois (shiitake) shop magasin shortbread sabl shortcrust (pastry) pte brise shoulder paule, palette shrimp crevette (grise)
shrimp cocktail crevettes mayonnaise

English-French

sift tamiser silverside gte la noix simmer (laisser) mijoter single cream crme (lgre) sirloin aloyau, faux-filet skate raie skewer brochette skimmed milk lait crm skin peau, pelure skipjack bonite slice tranche

slice of bread tranche de pain slice of pie part de tarte slice of ham tranche de jambon

sliced tranch(e) sloe prunelle

sloe gin eau de vie de prunelle

smelt perlan smoked fum(e)

smoked bacon lard fum smoked cheese fromage fum smoked eel anguille fume smoked fish poisson fum smoked haddock aiglefin fum smoked kipper hareng saur, hareng fum smoked meat viande fum smoked salmon saumon fum

snack [light meal] repas lger; [between meals] casse-crote snail escargot 111

snipe

English-French

snipe bcassine soda bread pain au bicarbonate de soude soda water eau de seltz soft-boiled egg oeuf la coque soft cheese fromage pte molle soft drink boisson (gazeuse) non alcoolise soft roe laitance sole sole sorbet sorbet sorghum sorgho sorrel oseille souffl souffl
cheese souffl souffl au fromage

soup soupe, potage

soup spoon cuillre soupe broth bouillon chowder soupe de poisson et lgumes base de lait consomm consomm fish stock court-bouillon fish soup soupe de poisson(s) mulligatawny potage au cari onion soup soupe loignon vegetable soup soupe de lgumes; minestrone vichyssoise vichyssoise sour cream crme aigre sweet and sour aigre-doux (-douce)

sour aigre

soya bean (fve de) soja soya milk lait de soja soya sauce sauce soja spaghetti spaghetti spare ribs travers de porc, ctes leves sparkling ptillant(e)

sparkling water eau gazeuse sparkling wine vin mousseux, vin ptillant

spice pice spicy pic(e) spinach pinard spiny lobster langouste sponge biscuits biscuits la cuillre sponge cake gteau mousseline; gnoise spoon cuillre, cuiller 112

sugar

sprat sprat, harenguet, anchois de Norvge spring greens jeunes feuilles de choux, brocolis, etc. spring onion ciboule, cive spring water eau de source sprouts (Brussels) choux de Bruxelles squab pigeonneau squash courge squid calmar, encornet stale rassis(e) starter entre steak [beef] bifteck, steak steak and kidney pie pie de bifteck et rognons steak and kidney pudding pouding de bifteck et rognons steamed (cuit) la vapeur stew [meat] fricasse, ragot
lamb stew navarin

English-French

stewed [meat] (en) fricasse; [fruit] en compote Stilton fromage stilton stir-fry sauter la chinoise stock bouillon

stewed fruit compote de fruits, fruits en compote stewed steak fricasse/ragot de boeuf

vegetable stock bouillon de lgumes

stout stout [bire brune] straight [US] sans eau ni glace strawberry fraise

strawberry jam confiture de fraises strawberry shortcake gteau fourr aux fraises, recouvert de

crme Chantilly
streaky bacon lard de poitrine, poitrine fume strip steak entrecte stuffed farci(e), fourr(e)
stuffed olives olives farcies

stuffing farce sturgeon esturgeon suck(l)ing pig cochon de lait, porcelet suet suif (de boeuf) sugar sucre

caster sugar sucre semoule granulated sugar sucre granul icing sugar sucre en poudre, sucre glace

113

sugar snap peas

sugar snap peas petit pois gourmands, pois mange-tout sultanas raisins de Smyrne sundae coupe glace sunflower tournesol
sunflower oil huile de tournesol

supper dner, souper supplement supplment swede navet (de Sude), rutabaga sweet sucr(e), doux (douce)

English-French

sweet (wine) (vin) doux, vin de dessert sweet chesnut chtaigne, marron sweet potato patate douce sweet trolley desserts [prsents sur une table roulante]

sweet and sour aigre-doux (-douce) sweetbreads ris de veau sweetcorn mas (en pis, en grains) sweetener [artificial] dulcorant swiss roll (gteau) roul swordfish espadon syllabub syllabub, sabayon syrup sirop

Tt
table table
tablecloth nappe tablespoon cuillre dessert table wine vin de table

tagliatelle tagliatelle tangerine tangerine tapioca tapioca 114

treacle

tarragon estragon tart tartelette tartar sauce sauce tartare tea th

afternoon tea (le) th de 5 heures beef tea bouillon de boeuf cup of tea tasse de th green tea th vert herbal tea tisane, infusion high tea repas de 5 heures [Ecosse et Nord de lAngleterre] iced tea th glac lemon tea th (au) citron teacake brioche [coupe, grille, avec beurre, servie avec du teaspoon cuillre th tea with milk th au lait tea-time heure du th teapot thire

English-French

th]

tench tanche tender tendre tenderloin filet (de boeuf, de porc) terrine terrine thrush grive thyme thym tin bote de conserve tinned en bote (de conserve) tip pourboire toad in the hole saucisses couvertes de pte [au four] toast pain grill
French toast pain perdu, pain dor

toffee caramel (au beurre) tofu tofu, pt de soja tomato tomate

tomato juice jus de tomate tomato ketchup ketchup, sauce tomate tomato salad salade de tomate tomato sauce sauce ( la) tomate

tongue langue [de boeuf] toothpick cure-dent(s) tope milandre tough [meat] dur(e) treacle mlasse

treacle tart tarte au sirop de mas

115

trifle

trifle trifle [gnoise, fruits, Chantilly] trimmings accompagnement, garniture tripe tripes, gras-double trout truite truffle truffe chocolate truffle [sweet] truffe (au chocolat)
truffle butter beurre de truffes

tuna, tunny thon turbot turbot turkey dinde

roast turkey dinde rtie

English-French

turmeric curcuma turnip navet

turnip tops fanes de navet

turnover chausson (aux pommes, etc.)

Uu
uncooked cru(e); qui nest pas cuit(e) underdone pas assez cuit(e) unsalted butter beurre sans sel upside-down cake gteau renvers

116

Vv
English-French
vanilla vanille
vanilla essence extrait de vanille [liquide] vanilla ice cream glace la vanille vanilla pod/bean gousse de vanille vanilla sugar sucre vanill veal escalope escalope de veau

veal veau

vegan vgtalien (-ienne) vegetable lgume

vegetable soup soupe de lgumes; minestrone

vegetarian vgtarien (-ienne) venison venaison, chevreuil vermicelli vermicelle very dry [wine] trs sec Victoria sponge (cake) gnoise vinaigrette vinaigrette vinegar vinaigre vine leaves feuilles de vigne virgin olive oil huile dolive vierge vol au vent vol-au-vent, bouche feuillete
chicken vol au vent bouche la reine

117

Ww
English-French
wafer gaufrette waffles gaufres waiter garon, serveur waitress serveuse Waldorf salad salade Waldorf (pommes, cleri, noix, avec

mayonnaise)
walnut noix; cerneau (de la noix) warm [salad etc.] tide water eau

bottled water eau en bouteille fizzy water eau gazeuse glass of water verre deau iced water eau glace, trs froide jug of water carafe deau mineral water eau minrale sparkling water eau gazeuse spring water eau de source still water eau plate, eau non gazeuse

watercress cresson de fontaine watermelon pastque well done bien cuit(e) Welsh rarebit/rabbit pain avec fromage grill whale baleine wheat bl whelk buccin whipped cream crme Chantilly, crme fouette whisky whisky cossais whitebait [sprats] blanchaille white blanc (blanche)
white bread pain de mie, pain blanc

118

zucchini white meat viande blanche white wine vin blanc

whiting merlan whole grain mustard moutarde de Meaux wholemeal bread pain complet whortleberry myrtille wild rice riz sauvage wild strawberry fraise des bois, fraise sauvage wine vin

bottle of wine bouteille de vin glass of wine verre de vin house wine vin (de la) maison local wine vin local, vin de pays red wine vin rouge sparkling wine vin mousseux, vin ptillant sweet/pudding wine vin doux, vin de dessert wine cooler rafrachisseur [ vin] wine list carte des vins wine vinegar [red, white] vinaigre de vin (rouge, blanc) wine waiter sommelier white wine vin blanc

English-French

winkle bigorneau woodcock bcasse

YyZz
yam igname; [US] patate douce yoghurt yaourt, yogourt
plain yoghurt yaourt nature

Yorkshire pudding yorkshire pudding [beignet de pte frite, sal] zabaglione zabaglione, sabayon zest zeste zucchini [US] courgette 119

Wines and spirits

by John Doxat

Major French wine regions

Alsace Producer of attractive, light white wines, mostly medium-dry, widely used as carafe wines in middle-range French restaurants. Alsace wines are not greatly appreciated overseas and thus remain comparatively inexpensive for their quality; they are well placed to compete with popular German varieties. Alsace wines are designated by grape principally Sylvaner for lightest styles, the widespread and reliable Riesling for a large part of the total, and Gerwrtztraminer for slightly fruitier wines. Bordeaux Divided into a score of districts, and sub-divided into very many communes (parishes). The big district names are Mdoc, St Emilion, Pomerol, Graves and Sauternes. Prices for the great reds (chteaux Ptrus, Mouton-Rothschild, etc.) or the finest sweet whites (especially the miraculous Yquem) have become stratospheric. Yet chteau in itself means little and the classification of various rankings of chteaux is not easily understood. Some tiny vineyards are entitled to be called chteau, which has led to disputes about what have been dubbed phantom chteaux. Visitors are advised, unless wine-wise, to stick to the simpler designations. Bourgogne (Burgundy) Topographically a large region, stretching from Chablis (on the east end of the Loire), noted for its steely dry whites, to Lyons. It is particularly associated with fairly powerful red wines and very dry whites, which tend to acidity except for the costlier styles. Almost to Bordeaux excesses, the prices for really top Burgundies have gone through the roof. For value, stick to simpler local wines. Technically Burgundies, but often separately listed, are the Beaujolais wines. The young red Beaujolais (not necessarily the over-publicised nouveau) are delicious when mildly chilled. There are several rather neglected Beaujolais wines (Moulin--Vent, Morgon, St Amour, for instance) that improve for several years: they represent good value as a rule. The Maonnais and Chalonnais also
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Wine

produce sound Burgundies (red and white) that are usually priced within reason. Champagne So important is Champagne that, alone of French wines, it carries no AC (appellation contrle): its name is sufficient guarantee. (It shares this distinction with the brandies Cognac and Armagnac.) Vintage Champagnes from the grandes marques a limited number of great brands tend to be as expensive in France as in Britain. You can find unknown brands of high quality (often offshoots of grandes marques) at attractive prices, especially in the Champagne country itself. However, you need information to discover these, and there are true Champagnes for the home market that are doux (sweet) or demi-sec (medium sweet) but are pleasing to few non-French tastes. Champagne is very closely controlled as to region, quantities and grape types, and is made only by secondary fermentation in the bottle. Since 1993, it is prohibited (under EU law) to state that other wines are made by the champagne method even if they are. Loire Prolific producer of very reliable, if rarely great, white wines, notably Muscadet, Sancerre, Anjou (its ros is famous), Vouvray (sparkling and semi-sparkling), and Saumur (particularly its champagne styles). Touraine makes excellent whites and also reds of some distinction Bourgueil and Chinon. It used to be widely believed a rumour put out by rivals? that Loire wines did not travel: nonsense. They are a successful export. Rhne Continuation south of Burgundy. The Rhne is particularly associated with very robust reds, notably Chteauneuf-du-Pape, and also with Tavel, arguably the finest of all still ros wines. Lirac ros is nearly as good. Hermitage and Gigondas are names to respect for reds, whites and ross. Rhne has well earned its modern reputation no longer Burgundys poorer brother. From the extreme south comes the newly smart dessert vin doux naturel, ultrasweet Muscat des Beaumes-de-Venise, once despised by British wine-drinkers. There are fashions in wine just like anything else.
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Wine

Minor regions
Bergerac

Attractive basic reds; also sweet Monbazillac, relished in France but not easily obtained outside: aged examples can be superb.
Cahors

Noted for its powerful vin de pays black wine, the darkest red made.
Corsica

Roughish wines of more antiquity than breeding, but by all means drink local reds and try the wine-based aperitif Cap Corse if visiting this remarkable island.
Gaillac

Little known; once celebrated for dessert wines.

Jura

Virtually unknown outside France. Try local speciality wines such as vin jaune if in the region.
Juranon

Remote area; sound, unimportant white wines, sweet styles being the better.

Wine

Midi

Stretches from Marseilles to the Spanish border. Outstandingly prolific contributor to the EU wine lake and producer of some 80 per cent of French vins de table, white and red. Sweet whites dominate, and there is major production of vins doux naturels (fortified sugary wines).
Paris

Yes, there is a vineyard in Montmartre! Dont ask for a bottle: the tiny production is sold by auction, for charity, to rich collectors of curiosities.
Provence

Large wine region of immense antiquity. Many and varied vins de pays of little distinction. Best known for ros, usually on the sweet side; all inexpensive and totally drinkable.

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Savoy

Good enough table wines for local consumption. Best product of the region is delicious Chambry vermouth: as an aperitif, do try the well distributed Chambryzette, a unique vermouth with a hint of wild strawberries.

Spirits
The great French spirit is brandy. Cognac, commercially the leader, must come from the closely controlled region of that name. Of various quality designations, the commonest is VSOP (very special old pale): it will be a cognac worth drinking neat. Remember, champagne in a cognac connotation has absolutely no connection with the wine. It is a topographical term, with grande champagne being the most prestigious cognac area; fine champagne is a blend of brandy from the two top cognac sub-divisions. Armagnac has become better known lately outside France, and rightly so. As a brandy it has a much longer history than cognac: some connoisseurs rate old armagnac (the quality designations are roughly similar) above cognac. Be cautious of French brandy without a cognac or armagnac title, regardless of how many meaningless stars the label carries or even the magic word Napoleon (which has no legal significance). Little appreciated in Britain is the splendid apple brandy, Calvados, mainly associated with Normandy but also made in Brittany and the Marne. The best is Calvados du Pays dAuge. Do taste well-aged Calvados, but avoid any suspiciously cheap. Contrary to popular belief, true Calvados is not distilled from cider but an inferior imitation is. French cider (cidre) is excellent. Though most French proprietary aperitifs, like Dubonnet, are fairly low in alcohol, the extremely popular Pernod/Ricard pastis-style brands are highly spirituous. Eau-de-vie is the generic term for all spirits, but colloquially tends to refer to local, often rough, distillates. Exceptions are the better alcools blancs (white spirits), which are made from fresh fruits and not sweetened as crmes are.

Wine

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Glossary of French wine terms

Abricotine Generic apricot liqueur: look for known brands. alcool blanc Spirit distilled from various fruits (not wine) such as plums and raspberries; not fruit-flavoured cordials. Aligot Light dry Burgundy. Alsace See Major French wine regions, p122. anis Aniseed, much favoured in pastis (Ricard/Pernod) type aperitifs. Anjou See Loire, Major French wine regions, p123. aperitif Literally opener: any drink taken as an appetiser. Appellation (dorigine) Contrlle or AC wine, whose label will give you a good deal of information, will usually be costlier but not necessarily better than one that is a VDQS designated (regional) wine of superior quality. A newer, marginally lesser category is VQPRD: quality wine from a specified district. Hundreds of wines bear AC descriptions: you require knowledge and/or a wine guide to find your way around. The intention of the AC laws was to protect consumers and ensure wine was not falsely labelled and also to prevent over-production. Only wines of reasonable standards should achieve AC status: new ones (some rather suspect) are being regularly admitted to the list. Armagnac See Spirits, p125. Barsac Very sweet Sauternes of varying quality. Basserau A bit of an oddity: sparkling red Burgundy. Beaumes-de-Venise Well-known vin doux naturel; see Provence, Minor regions, p124.

Wine

128

Beaune Famed red Burgundy; costly. Bergerac Sound red wine from south-west France. Blanc de Blancs White wine from white grapes alone. Sometimes confers extra quality but by no means always. White wine made from black grapes (the skins removed before fermentation) is Blanc de Noirs. Carries no special quality connotation in itself. Bordeaux See Major French wine regions, p122. bouchonn Corked (describes wine that has gone off and smells musty, usually because of a faulty cork allowing in bacteria) Bourgeuil Reliable red Loire wine. Bourgogne Burgundy; see Major French wine regions, p122. brut Very dry; description particularly applicable to best sparkling wines.

Wine

brut sauvage Dry to the point of displeasing acidness to most palates; very rare though a few good wines carry the description. Cabernet Noble grape, especially Cabernet-Sauvignon for excellent, if not absolutely top-grade, red wines. Cacao Cocoa; basis of a popular crme. Calvados See Spirits, p125. cassis Blackcurrant; notably in crme de cassis (see kir). cave Cellar.
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Cpage Indicates grape variety; e.g. Cpage Cabernet-Sauvignon. Chablis See Burgundy, Major French wine regions, p122. chai Ground-level storehouse, wholly employed in Cognac and sometimes in Bordeaux and other districts. Champagne See Major French wine regions, p123. Also note Mthode Traditionnelle below. Chardonnay Popular, now international grape variety producing dry to buttery white wines. Chteau(x) See Bordeaux, Major French wine regions, p122. Chteaneuf-du-Pape Best known of powerful Rhne red wines. Chenin-blanc Grape variety associated with many fine Loire wines.

Wine

Clairet Unimportant Bordeaux wine, its distinction being probable origin of English word claret. clos Mainly a Burgundian term for a vineyard formerly (rarely now) enclosed by a wall. Cognac See Spirits, p125. Corbires Usually a sound south of France red wine. cte Indicates vineyard on a hillside; no quality connotation necessarily. cteau(x) Much the same as above.

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crme Many sweet, sometimes sickly, mildly alcoholic cordials with many local specialities. Nearer to true liqueurs are top makes of crme de menthe and crme de Grand Marnier (q.v.). Crme de cassis is mixed with white wine to produce kir, or with a sparkling white wine to produce kir royal. Crmant Sparkling wine with strong but rather brief effervescence. cru Literally growth. Somewhat complicated and occasionally misleading term: e.g. grand cru may be only growers estimation, cru class just means the wine is officially recognised, but grand cru class is most likely to be something special. cuve close Literally sealed vat. Describes production of sparkling wines by bulk as opposed to individual bottle fermentation. Can produce satisfactory wines and certainly much superior to cheap carbonated styles. cuve Should mean unblended wine from single vat, but cuve spciale may not be particularly special: only taste will tell. demi-sec Linguistically misleading, as it does not mean half-dry but medium sweet. digestif Liqueur or brandy drunk after a meal to aid digestion. Domaine Broadly, Burgundian equivalent to Bordeaux chteau. doux Very sweet. eau-de-vie Generic term for all distilled spirits but usually only applied in practice to roughish marc (q.v.) and the like. Entre-deux-Mers Undistinguished but fairly popular white Bordeaux.
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Wine

frapp Drink served with crushed ice; e.g. crme de menthe frappe. Fleurie One of several superior Beaujolais wines. glac Drink chilled by immersion of bottle in ice or in refrigerator, as distinct from frapp above. got Taste; also colloquial term in some regions for local eau-de-vie (q.v.). Grand Marnier Distinguished orange-flavoured liqueur. See also crme. Haut High. It indicates upper part of wine district, not necessarily the best, though Haut-Mdoc produces much better wines than other areas. Hermitage Several excellent Rhne red wines carry this title. Izarra Ancient Armagnac-based liqueur much favoured by its Basque originators.

Wine

Julinas Notable Beaujolais wine. kir Well-chilled dry white wine (should be Bourgogne Aligot) plus a teaspoon of crme de cassis (q.v.). Made with champagne (or good dry sparkling wine) it is kir royal. liqueur From old liqueur de dessert, denoting postprandial digestive. Always very sweet. Liqueur has become misused as indication of superior quality: to speak of liqueur cognac is contradictory yet some very fine true liqueurs are based on cognac. Loire See Major French wine regions, p123. marc Mostly coarse distillations from wine residue with strong local
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popularity. A few marcs (mar) de Champagne, de Bourgogne especially have achieved a certain cult status. marque Brand or company name. Mthode Traditionnelle Since the labelling ban prohibiting the use of the term champagne method for wines made outside the Champagne district, this term is used for superior sparkling wine made in the same way as champagne, by fermentation in bottle. Meursault Splendid white Burgundy for those who can afford it. Minervoise Respectable southern red wine: can be good value as are many such. mise As in mise en bouteilles au chteau (chteau-bottled), or ... dans nos caves (in our cellars) and variations. Montrachet Very fine white Burgundy. Moulin--Vent One of the rather special Beaujolais wines.

Wine

Muscadet Arguably the most popular light dry Loire white wine. Muscat Though used for some dry whites, this grape is mainly associated with succulent dessert-style wines. Nouveau New wine, for drinking fresh; particularly associated with now tiring vogue for Beaujolais Nouveau. pastis General term for powerful anis/liquorice aperitifs originally evolved to replace banned absinthe and particularly associated with Marseilles area through the great firm of Ricard. ptillant Gently, naturally effervescent.
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Pineau Unfermented grape juice lightly fortified with grape spirit; attractive aperitif widely made in France and under-appreciated abroad. Pouilly-Fuiss Dry white Burgundy (Macon); sometimes over-valued. Pouilly-Fum Easily confused with above; a very dry fine Loire white. porto Port wine: usually lighter in France than the type preferred in Britain and popular, chilled, as an aperitif. primeur More or less the same as nouveau, but more often used for fine vintage wine sold en primeur for laying down to mature. ros Pink wine, best made by allowing temporary contact of juice and black grapes during fermentation; also by mixing red and white wine. Sauvignon Notable white grape; see also Cabernet. sec Dry, but a wine so marked will be sweetish, even very sweet. Extra Sec may actually mean on the dry side. sirop Syrup; e.g. sugar-syrup used in mixed drinks, also some flavoured proprietary non-alcoholic cordials. Suprieur(e) Much the same as Haut (q.v.) except in VDQS. VQRPD See Appellation (dorigine) Contrlle above, p128. vin de Xeres Sherry (vin de ereth).

Wine

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French Cheeses

How can anybody be expected to govern a country that has 246 kinds of cheese? (Charles de Gaulle)

France is one of the biggest cheese producers in the world. Since de Gaulles original comment in 1962 the number of types of cheese it offers has grown to around 500. French cheeses fall into six main categories:

fresh cream cheeses such as petit-suisse surface-ripened soft cheeses such as Brie and Camembert washed-rind soft cheeses such as Pont lEvque goats cheeses such as Crottin de Chavignol blue cheeses such as Roquefort and Bleu dAuvergne cooked and uncooked pressed cheeses such as Comt and Reblochon, with a firm texture.

Fresh cheeses are made from unpasteurised milk and do not undergo any ripening or fermentation process. Surface-ripened cheeses are allowed to ripen for a few weeks until a white mould, called a bloom, forms. Washed-rind cheeses are repeatedly washed in warm salt water to encourage a firm rind to form. Pressed cheeses are pressed in a mould for up to 12 months; in the case of cooked cheeses they are heated before being pressed. Like the best French wines, the quality of French cheeses is tightly regulated and the top 40 carry the Appellation dorigine contrle mark (AOC). This means that their origin and quality is strictly controlled and guarantees, among other things, that the cheese originates from a specific region of France and has been produced using traditional methods.

Cheese

136

The criteria laid down for AOC cheeses are rigorous:

The cheese has to come from a geographically precise area such as a municipality or a district. The milk must come from this particular region too and the cheese must be produced and partly matured there as well. The production methods have a strong influence on the characteristics of a cheese. In order to ensure top quality, AOC cheeses have to be made by strictly defined methods that have been handed down over centuries. The size, type of rind, texture and minimum fat content of the cheese are all responsible for its final flavour. These characteristics are precisely defined and have to be adhered to strictly by producers, who are inspected by Ministry of Agriculture staff responsible for monitoring the authenticity and quality of the products.

The current AOC cheeses are listed here, together with the type of milk used to make them and the area they originate from.

Cheese
Abondance

Description

Origin
Haute Savoie (eastern France) Savoie (eastern France)

hard cows milk cheese produced from unpasteurised milk, with fruity nutty flavour Beaufort hard cows milk cheese produced from unpasteurised milk, with fruity aromatic flavour Bleu dAuvergne semi-soft blue cheese from unpasteurised cows milk, with full nutty flavour Bleu de Gex semi-soft cheese made from unpasteurised cows milk, with a distinctive hazelnut flavour

Auvergne (central France) Rhne-Alpes/Jura

Cheese

137

Cheese

Description

Origin

Cheese

Bleu des Causses semi-soft blue cows milk Midi-Pyrnes cheese, stronger than Bleu dAuvergne Bleu du Vercors semi-soft blue cows milk Rhne-Alpes cheese with mild nutty flavour Brie de Meaux soft surface-ripened cheese Ile-de-France from unpasteurised cows milk, with mild fruity taste Brie de Melun like Brie de Meaux but with Ile-de-France stronger smell Brocciu soft cream cheese made from Corsica unpasteurised sheep or goats milk Camembert de soft surface-ripened cheese Normandy Normandie from unpasteurised cows milk Cantal firm drum-shaped cheese Auvergne from unpasteurised cows milk Chabichou soft cone-shaped cheese Poitou-Charente du Poitou from unpasteurised goats (west France) milk, with mild flavour Chaource soft surface-ripened Champagne drum-shaped cows milk (north-east cheese with delicate France) flavour Chevrotin semi-soft cheese of Rhne-Alpes unpasteurised goats milk Comt hard wheel-shaped cheese Franche Comt from unpasteurised cows milk Crottin de soft goats milk cheese in central France Chavignol small cylinder shape, with acidic flavour

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Cheese
Epoisses de Bourgogne

Description

Origin

soft washed-rind cows Burgundy milk cheese with strong smell and rich, mildly alcoholic taste; sold boxed as it becomes runny as it ripens Fourme dAmbert semi-soft blue cows milk Auvergne cheese, cylindrical, with tangy flavour Fourme de semi-soft blue cows milk Auvergne Montbrison cheese, cylindrical, milder than Fourme dAmbert Laguiole semi-soft drum-shaped southern cheese made from Auvergne unpasteurised cows milk, with tangy flavour Langres soft washed-rind cows milk Champagne/ cheese that is sunken on top, Burgundy region a strong smell and a tangy flavour Livarot soft cylindrical cows milk Pays dAuge cheese with washed rind (Normandy) and a pungent smell; ripens to a strong, spicy flavour; bound with leaves Maroilles square soft cows milk northern France cheese with washed rind and a strong flavour Mont dOr soft unpasteurised cows Rhne-Alpes milk cheese with a buttery flavour, sold boxed; becomes runny as it ripens

Cheese

139

Cheese
Morbier

Description
firm cheese from unpasteurised cows milk, with distinctive dark stripe through the middle and a mild fruity flavour soft unpasteurised cows milk cheese with washed, strong-smelling rind; often eaten with caraway seeds semi-soft surface-ripened heart-shaped cows milk cheese with slightly tangy taste round firm sheeps milk cheese with nutty flavour soft unpasteurised goats milk cheese, often eaten baked soft disc-shaped goats milk cheese with fresh acidic flavour, often grilled soft cone-shaped goats milk cheese with nutty flavour square soft cows milk cheese with a washed rind that has a pungent aroma, and a mild flavour semi-soft cheese from unpasteurised cows milk with creamy, fruity taste soft cheese made from unpasteurised goats milk with nutty, acidic taste

Origin
Franche-Comt

Munster

Alsace-Lorraine

Neufchtel

Normandy

Ossau-Iraty

Pyrnes

Plardon

LanguedocRoussillon Rhne-Alpes

Picodon

Pouligny Saint-Pierre Pont lEvque

central France

Normandy

Cheese

Reblochon

Savoie

Rocadamour

Midi-Pyrnes

140

Cheese
Roquefort

Description

Origin

semi-soft blue sheeps milk Midi-Pyrnes cheese with strong salty flavour Saint-Nectaire semi-soft cows milk cheese Auvergne with mild flavour Saint-Maure log-shaped soft unpasteurised Touraine de Touraine goats milk cheese with grey (central France) rind and straw in centre Salers firm cheese from Auvergne unpasteurised cows milk, similar to Cantal Selles-sur-Cher small round soft goats milk Loire cheese Vacherin du haut same as Mont dOr Doubs Valenay pyramid-shaped soft goats central France milk cheese with ash-covered rind and a mild nutty flavour

Apart from the top 40 listed above, here are some other well-known French cheeses you are likely to encounter:

Cheese
Cantadou

Description

Origin
non-regional

cows milk cheese in small balls that can be used as a spread Caprice des Dieux oval mild soft white cheese Chaumes full-flavoured soft cows milk cheese with washed rind and buttery flavour a smaller Brie-type cheese firm sheeps milk cheese

ChampagneArdennes Prigord

Cheese

Coulommiers Etorki

Ile-de-France French Basque region

141

Cheese

Description

Origin

Le Pi dAngloys soft full-fat cows milk cheese Burgundy that ripens in its box Mimolette Edam-type cows milk cheese, north-east France dark orange when mature (originally Lille) Port Salut mild semi-soft cows milk non-regional cheese Raclette firm cows milk cheese, Auvergne often used in cooking as it melts easily Saint Agur semi-soft blue cows milk Auvergne cheese with mild creamy flavour Saint Felicien soft unpasteurised cows milk Burgundy cheese with fresh flavour Saint Marcellin soft round cows milk cheese Dauphine Saint-Paulin mild semi-soft cows milk mainly Brittany cheese and Normandy Tomme firm unpasteurised cows Rhne-Alpes (de Savoie) milk cheese with hard grey rind and creamy taste Vignotte semi-soft cows milk cheese Champagne with a rich creamy flavour

French cheeses for vegetarians

The French AOC mark generally implies that a cheese has been made with animal rennet, so vegetarians have to search further afield for cheeses that are suitable to eat. Look for commercial brands such as Boursin, Tartare and Saint-Mort. Companies such as Milleret (who make le Gylois, le Charcennay, le Roucoulous and lOrtolan), Rippoz (who make Emmenthal, Morbier, Raclette and Tendre), OMA, Guilloteau and Entremont all produce cheeses made with non-animal-based rennet.

Cheese

142

Serving cheese
The French eat their cheese before, or in place of, the dessert course. Cheese can be eaten with bread, or sometimes just on its own, and should be served at room temperature. Different cheeses go with different types of bread: for example a soft creamy cheese such as Neufchtel or Chaource goes well with fruit or nut bread. Cheese connoisseurs in particular like to eat the rind, so do not remove it before serving. Some rinds however are more suitable for eating than others. Ideally a cheese should be divided up so that each piece has some rind on it.

Small round cheeses such as Camembert or some goats cheeses can be cut into portions from the centre like cakes Square cheeses such as Pont lEvque can also be cut diagonally, then each half sliced into smaller triangles Cheeses with a soft rind that have been cut from a larger wheel, such as Brie, are sliced starting from the narrowest point of the triangle Blue cheeses such as Roquefort are also cut into triangles, fanning out from the centre of the narrower end Firmer cheeses such as Comt are cut across in straight slices, with the thickest slice then cut into two so that each piece shares some rind Log-shaped cheeses mainly goats cheeses such as Sainte-Maure are sliced across into rounds. The smaller, round, goats cheeses should simply be cut into halves or thirds

Cheese

Divide pyramid- or cone-shaped cheeses such as Pouligny Saint-Pierre into vertical triangles starting from the middle, so they do not crumble Cheeses sold in boxes, such as Epoisses and Mont dOr, can be eaten straight from the box with a spoon if they are sufficiently ripe.

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Serving wine with cheese

As a general rule of thumb it is safe to assume that a cheese will go well with local wines from the same region. Another general guideline is that the stronger the cheese, the more full-bodied the wine should be to balance it. Heavy sweet white wines such as Sauternes go surprisingly well with a range of cheeses, including strong blue cheeses. Soft surface-ripened cheeses such as Brie go well with light or medium-bodied reds such as Beaujolais or Mdoc. Another good principle is to match washed-rind cheeses or firm cheeses such as Munster, Reblochon and Tomme with full-bodied reds such as Saint-Emilion or Chteauneuf-du-Pape, or with white Alsace wines. Goats cheeses can be accompanied by Sauvigon blanc or Chardonnay wines, or other dry and fruity white wines. Blue cheeses can either be partnered with a full-bodied red or a famously successful combination with a sweet white wine such as Sauternes.

Cheese

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