HIPERLAN (High-Performance Local Area Network)

Part of ETSI( European Telecommunication Standard Institution) BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Network) Operational Frequency: 5.2 GHz Currently Available data rate : up to 54Mbps: HIPERLAN/2
HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004 1

HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

Wireless Data Solutions

Wide Area Network (WAN) -Large coverage -High cost
Vehicle

Outdoor

Walk Stationary

Personal Area Network (PAN) - Connectivity - Cable replacement -Low cost

2G cellular

Mobility

3G cellular

Indoor

Walk Stationary/ Desktop

HiperLAN/2 IEEE802.11a

Local Area Network/Acce -Hot Spots - High speed - Moderate cost

Bluetooth

LAN

0,1

1 User Bitrates

10

100

Mbps
3

HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

Requirements
Core network independent with QoS support for real time services (VoIP, Video) Support of IP transporting networks, ATM networks, 3rd Generation, Firewire, etc. Packet network based on connection-oriented wireless link Radio access network specifications (physical layer, data link control layer and convergence layer) Interoperability standard with conformance test specifications No frequency planning Dynamic Frequency Selection Capable of handling different interference and propagation situations Link Adaptation with multiple modulation and channel coding schemes Supporting asymmetrical traffic load fluctuating in uplink and downlink as well as for different users
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Requirements(contd.)
A cellular multi-cell radio network capable of offering access, switching and management functions within a large coverage area A point-to-multipoint topology with mandatory centralized mode and optional direct mode Mobility management Power management Uplink power control, downlink power setting, sleep mode Usage in indoor and outdoor environments Multicast and broadcast Scalable security Different key encryption: 56 bit and 168 bit Authentication: Optional pre-shared or public key
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Spectrum Allocation at 5 GHz

Hiperlan 5.15 - 5.35 Hiperlan 5.470 - 5.725 Licensed exempt 455 MHz 100 MHz U-NII 5.15 - 5.35 U-NII 5.725 -5.825 Unlicensed 300 MHz

Europe
High Speed Wireless Access 5.15 - 5.25

Japan

US
5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800
HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

 MAC layer supports both asynchronous and synchronous (time bound) applications
Interactive multimedia services High quality video distribution Client-Server applications

HIPERLAN/1
Was a best-effort delivery system

HIPERLAN/2
Provides QoS guarantees and supports mobility up to 10 m/s Uses a variant of CSMA/CA called Elimination Yield Non Preemptive HMG/HUT Priority Multiple Access (EY-NPMA) 7 MAC Protocols
(HIPERLAN) June 2004

Operation Modes
Infrastructure based network: Ad-hoc network:

Fixed network
Access Point (AP)

AP - AP Mobility (link level)

Mobile Terminal (MT)

No compromise on QoS in ad-hoc mode!

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HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

Application Scenarios
N LA ER IP H

Home

GPRS/UMTS
IWU SGSN GGSN

HIPERLAN/2

/2

Internet

On the move ISP

Office
Ethernet

LAN HIPER

HI P

ER L

AN /2

/2

HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

Features of HIPERLAN
MAC supports centralized mode (CM) (APs) and direct mode (DM) (ad-hoc) Ad-hoc mode assumes single cell area For multihop HIPERLANs (nodes outside radio range), some nodes become forwarder Radio Cells need to overlap to implement forwarding mechanism Forwarders buffer packets Mobility may create fragmented LANs. They need to remerge
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Protocol Architecture
Standardization scope: air interface, service interfaces of the radio access system and the convergence layer functions
Higher Layers Convergence Layer
PPP/IP IEEE 1394 SSCS Ethernet SSCS

Com m on part DLC CL User S AP Radio Link Control sublayer Data Link Control Basic Data Transport Function (Control plane)
(User plane) RLC

Packet based DLC Control SAP

Scope of HIPERLAN/2 standards

Data Link Control Layer

Error Control

M edium Access Control

Physical Layer

Ph ysical Layer

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Modulations
Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Modulation BPSK BPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM Code rate 1/2 3/4 1/2 3/4 9/16 3/4 3/4 PHY bit rate 6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 27 Mbps 36 Mbps 54 Mbps bytes/OFDM 3.0 4.5 6.0 9.0 13.5 18.0 27.0
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HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

Functions of Convergence Layer

Adapts services request from higher layers to the service offered by DLC Coverts higher layer packets (Fixed or variable lengths) to fixed length SDUs at DLC Two types of Convergence Layer
Cell based (for ATM type traffic) Packet Based (for Ethernet type traffic)

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HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

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Convergence Layer
Multiple convergence layers One single convergence layer active at a time Mapping between higher layer connections/priorities and DLC connections/priorities
ATM CP Cell based
H ig h e r la y e r p a c k e t ( e .g . E th e r n e t p a c k e t)

Segmentation and re-assembly to / from 48 bytes packets Priority mapping from IEEE 802.1p Address mapping from IEEE 802 Multicast & broadcast handling Flexible amount of QoS classes
Service Specific Part

UMTS

PPP FirewireEthernet

Common Part (CP) Packet based

CL:

F la g s , 1 2 b its P a y lo a d , 3 8 4 b its

F la g s , 1 2 b its P a y lo a d , 3 8 4 b its

D L C : H eader

D L C S D U , 3 9 6 b its

C R C H eader

D LC SDU D L C L C H P D U , 4 3 2 b its

CRC

Mapping higher layer packets onto layers of HiperLAN/2

PHY:

P r e a m b le

SC H

SCH

LCH

LCH

LCH

SC H

SCH

LCH

LCH

P H Y b u rst

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DLC: Medium Access Control

TDMA/TDD with a fixed frame duration of 2 ms 3 transmission possibilities: AP to MT (Downlink), MT to AP (Uplink) and MT to MT (Direct Link) Centralized scheduling (not specified) Air interface frame creation in the AP Resource allocation by the AP Resource requests from MTs Dynamic assignment of capacity in uplink and downlink - no fixed slot structure is mandatory, but possible for CBR type services Could consider QoS and link adaptation modes Transmission of Data PDU and ARQ PDU without collisions Peer-to-peer and multicast support
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DLC: Medium Access Control(contd.)

Random access scheme Association and resource request transmissions from MTs Random access in mobile stations: slotted ALOHA with exponential increase of contention window Processing random access in the AP: acknowledgements of random access in the next frame Sector antenna support

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Logical and Transport channels are used to construct MAC frame Logical Channel: A generic term for any distinct data path which describes a specific da transfer service offered by the MAC entity Defined by the type of information it carries and the interpretation of th value in the corresponding messages Some important Logical Channels BCCH (Broadcast Control CHannel): used in downlink conveying the necessary broadcast information concerning the whole radio cell e.g. scrambler seed, access point ID, network ID, etc. FCCH (Frame Control CHannel): used in downlink conveying information describing the structure of the MAC frame visible at the air interface (resource grant announcement) RACH (Random Access CHannel): used by MTs in uplink to send signalling data (resource request, association request) for DLC or RLC
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MAC Frame Channels: Logical Channel

MAC Frame Channels: Logical

Some important Logical Channesl: Contd RFCH (Random access Feedback CHannel): used in downlink to inform the MTs that have used the RACH in the previous MAC frame about the result of their access attempts. RBCH (RLC Broadcast CHannel): used in downlink (when necessary) conveying broadcast CONTROL information concerning the whole radio cell, e.g. broadcast RLC message, MAC ID in the association process, encryption seed, etc. DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel): used in downlink, direct link and uplink conveying RLC messages LCCH (Link Control CHannel): used bi-directional to transmit ARQ and discard messages between peer error control functions UDCH (User Data CHannel): used bi-directional to transmit user data
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MAC Frame Channels: Transport Channel Logical channels are mapped onto different transport channels
which describe the basic message format and are the basic elements for constructing message sequence of each user BCH (Broadcast CHannel): carries BCCH transmitted once per MAC frame per sector antenna FCH (Frame CHannel): used in downlink for carring FCCH with variable amount of data ACH (Access feedback CHannel): used in downlink for transporting RFCH LCH (Long Transport CHannel): used for transporting user data and control information SCH (Short CHannel): used for transporting short control information RCH (Random CHannel): used in uplink for transmitting resource request or HMG/HUT association request MAC Protocols 20
(HIPERLAN) June 2004

Basic MAC Frame Structure

A single sector system
M A C -F r a m e M A C -F r a m e M A C -F ra m e

BCH

FCH

ACH

D L phase

U L phase

RCHs

D L to o n e M T
SCH SCH LCH LCH SCH LCH

O n e D L C c o n n e c tio n O n e P D U tr a in ( to b e m a p p e d o n o n e P H Y b u r s t)

A multiple sectors system

MAC-Frame MAC-Frame MAC-Frame MAC-Frame

BCH1 BCH2

BCHN FCH2 n FCH1 ACH 1 FCH2

FCHn ACHn DL1

DLp

UL1

UL2

ULq n RCHs1 RCHs2

RCHsn

DiL1

DiL2

DiLm

if DiL is present

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DLC: Error Control

Scaleable Error Control: three EC modes Acknowledged mode for reliable transmission by using ARQ Repetition mode for reliable transmission by repeating LCHs Unacknowledged mode for transmissions with low latency SR-ARQ with partial bitmap retransmission efficiency as conventional SR Optimized overhead and delay for acknowledgements acknowledgements are sent not for every erroneous packet but bitmap for several ones Dynamical management of bitmap packets Cumulative Acknowledgement and Flow Control possible Discarding capability efficient for real time applications Short MAC frame (2 ms) allows re-transmission even for voice HMG/HUT MAC Protocols 22
(HIPERLAN) June 2004

Partial Bitmap Basics

Numbering of PDU from 0 to 1023 (Sequence Number) Grouping 8 PDUs into 1 Block, totally 127 Blocks ACK of a PDU: BitMap Block (BMB) & BitMap Number (BMN) In the ARQ C-PDU: 3 BMBs & 3 BMNs BMN1=Block_Id1, BMN2=Block_Id1 Block_Id2, BMN3=Block_Id3 - Block_Id2
ARQ Message Format (Uplink) 8 Octet Octet Octet Octet Octet Octet Octet Octet Octet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LCH PHY Mode CAI BMN 1 BMB 1 SCH PHY Mode BMN 2 BMB 2 FC ABIR FU BMN3 BMB 3 CRC-16 PDU Type

SN=571

SN=512 Block_Id 64

BMN3=30 BMB3= 11101111

SN=330 BMN2=8 BMB2= 11011111 SN= BMN1=33 BMB1= 10111111

SN=768 Block_Id 96

SN= Bloc

SN = 0 Block_Id

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Dynamic Acknowledgement
Problems with fixed ACK low utilisation of channel capacity bottleneck of feedback channel deferring retransmissions

Dynamic ACK # of ARQ PDUs based on receiver status ABIR-bit used by receiver in MT high utilisation of channel capacity

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Link Adaptation
Link Adaptation Code rate and modulation alphabet (7 modes) adaptive to current propagation and interference environments Link throughput versus C/I Link quality measurements (C/I) in access point and mobile terminal rms delay spread 100 ns Selective-repeat ARQ, ideal link adaptation
100 ns delay spread 50 45 M7 (44.0 Mbps) 40

35
Throughput [Mbps]

M6 (33.06 Mbps)

30 M5 (26.45 Mbps) 25 Ideal Link Adaptation 20 M4 (18.89 Mbps) M3 (14.69 Mbps) M2 (10.17 Mbps)

15

10

M1 (5.09 Mbps)

10

15

20 C/I dB

25

30

35

40

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RLC (Radio Link Control ) Sub layer

Used for exchanging data between APs and MTs (Mobile Terminals) for association/reassociation Signaling uses dedicated control channel Error Control
Acknowledged Mode: Uses selective repeat ARQs Repetition Mode: Repeats data bearing DLS PDUs
No Acks Receiver accepts PDUs with sequence number in window

Unacknowledged mode without re-transmission HMG/HUT MAC Protocols

(HIPERLAN) June 2004

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DLC: Radio Link Control

Connection handling Setup / release of DLC connections Peer-to-peer (ad-hoc) Multicast Security Authentication Encryption key distribution Alternative security negotiation Management functions Mobility Association / deassociation Handover Location update Radio resource management Dynamic frequency selection Power management Sleep mode uplink and downlink power control
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HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

 HIPERLAN/2 uses Power Control to decrease interference MAC frame size 2ms (fixed)

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EY-NPMA
Three phases in the protocol
Priority resolution Elimination Yield

Four Priority Levels (residual life time dependent) PHY operates at two data rates
Low Bit rate channel (1.4706 Mb/s) High Bit rate channel (23.5294 Mb/s in HIPERLAN/1)
HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004 29

Priority resolution Phase

STA listen to channel for specified (priority dependent) interval. If the channel is free, STA announces its operation at high bit rate channel otherwise defers Same priority STAs survive

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Elimination Phase
Surviving STAs send random length burst (from the specified discrete PDF)
STAs listen to channel after burst transmission If any other burst detected then STA defers otherwise goes to the next phase (longest burst STAs survive)

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Yield Phase
Surviving STAs listen to the channel again
Listen time random (using discrete upper bounded PDF) If a STA listens any transmission in the listen duration it defers, otherwise it survives

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Transmission Phase
Surviving STA transmit data

Priority Phase

Elimination Phase Random Length

Yield Phase Random Interval

Data Transmission Period

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Case 1: one CC-capable WT is switched on first

Network creation

Principals of HiperLAN/2 Ad-hoc Networking

Case 2: two CC-capable WTs are switched on at the same time

WT
No beacon detected start probing I am the CC

WT1
No beacon detected start probing

WT2

Collision Resolution

CC: Central Controller

I am the CC

I am a WT

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Principals of HiperLAN/2 Ad-hoc Networking -II

Terminal association
WT
Beacon every 2 ms
ASSOCIATE(random No) @ random access

CC

ASSOCIATE_ACK (MAC_ID, random No) @ broadcast Authentication (user profile, etc)

dedicated control channel (DCCH) established

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Principals of HiperLAN/2 Ad-hoc Connection Networking - III

setup
CC WT2
SETUP (descriptor) @ DCCH CONNECT (DLCC-ID) @ DCCH CONNECT_ACK (DLCC-ID) @ DCCH SETUP_ACK (DLCC-ID) @ DCCH CONNECT_ACK (DLCC-ID) @ DCCH CONNECT_COMPLETE @ DCCH

WT1

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Resource request & resource grant Resource Grant

(DLCC-ID, #Slots, Pointer) CC

Principals of HiperLAN/2 Ad-hoc Networking - IV

Fixed Slot Allocation

Resource Request (DLCC-ID, #Slots)

Broadcast

Downlink

Direct Link

Uplink

Random Access

WT1
HMG/HUT MAC Protocols (HIPERLAN) June 2004

WT2
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Old CC

CC Responsibility Handover Principal

WT2
You are my successor!

New CC

WT1

- No new resource grant - Fixed slot allocation remains Take my database!

Generate next MAC frame!

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Conclusions
HiperLAN/2 for Emerging Nomadic Computing Scalable User Security Wireless LAN and Wireless Access Mobile Datacom up to 54 Mbps Mobility Quality of Service Environments Home Office Public Network Topology Infrastructure based networks Ad-hoc networks
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BRAN Information
HiperLAN/2 Technical Specifications Free of charge @ http://www.etsi.org/bran (click on work items) PHY: ts_101475v010101 DLC (basic functions): ts_10176101v010101 RLC: ts_10176102v010101 Packet based CL Common Part: ts_10149301v010101 Packet based CL Ethernet part: ts_10149302v010101 Cell based CL Common Part: ts_10176301v010101 Cell based CL UNI Part: ts_10176302v010101 Contacts: [email protected] (BRAN Chair & HiperLAN2 Coordinator)

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