Ambra 2004 PDF

VERSION 2.
contributions by:
Benito Garozzo
Davide Tavoschi
Ron Klinger
Daniel Neill
Sharon Guy
Gijs van Haarlem
Last update:
Fonts used:
01-Apr-2004
Times New Roman
Wingdings
Wingdings 3
INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
1 OPENING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
SUPPORT STRUCTURE. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
GAME TRIES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2-OVER-1 BIDDING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
1M-REVERSE RELAY (1MRR) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
1M-REVERSE RELAY (1MRR)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
3RD SUIT FORCING RELAY (3SF)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14
WHEN OPPONENTS INTERVENE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
OPENINGS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
LEGEND ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE COMPETITIVE AUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------- 19
1 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
1 ] 1NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
1 ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
INTERFERENCE OVER 1 OPENING----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
1OPENING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
1 ] 1NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
1 ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
1 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
1 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
1 ] 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
1 ] 1NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
1 ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
1 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
1 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
1 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
1 ] 1NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
1 ] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
1 ] 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
1 ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
1 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
1 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
1NT OPENING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61

1NT ] 2 (KERI OVER 1NT)------------------------------------------------------------- 61
1NT ] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
1NT ] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
1NT ] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
1NT ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63
1NT ] 3///----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
1NT ] 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
1NT ] 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
INTERFERENCE OVER 1NT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
2 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66
2 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
2
] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
2 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
2
] 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
2 OPENING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
2 ] 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
2 ] 2NT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
2NT OPENING OR OVERCALL--------------------------------------------------------- 70
2NT _ 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
2NT _ 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
2NT _ 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
3NT OVERCALL ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
APPENDICES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
GAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72
CHECKBACK STAYMAN--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
'2 NTT' STRUCTURE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
TURBO CONVENTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 74
THE COMPETITIVE AUCTION AFTER AN OPENING------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
WORKINGS OF RUBENSOHL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
DESCRIPTION OF GOOD-BAD 2NT CONVENTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
2 RELAY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 75
OVERCALLS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
SUIT OVERCALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76

RESPONSES TO THE TAKE-OUT DOUBLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
OVERCALLING 1NT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
SPECIFIC CASES WHERE WE USE RUBENSOHL AND LEBENSOHL --------------------------------------------------- 83
THE OPPONENTS OPEN 1NT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
BALANCING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
OVERCALLING ILLOGICAL 1NT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
GHESTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88
DRURY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
LEADS AND SIGNALS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
INTRODUCTION
In Ambra, Benito Garozzo has solved the dilema on what to open with 16 HCP and a 5card major in a balanced hand.
Many partnerships open 1NT nowadays with 5M-3-3-2 distribution, but in Ambra we open 1/ and we can control the
bidding with the many relays available.
Outlay of the system is basically Dutch Doubleton, 2-over-1 (2/1) system:
1: 2+ card, 10-22 HCP
1: 4+ card, 10-22 HCP
1: 5+ card, 10-21 HCP
1N: 15-17, balanced, 5card minor possible
2: 20+, GF without 5card major
2: a) weak 2
b) GF with 5+ card
2: a) weak 2
b) GF with 5+ card
2N: 21-22, balanced, 5card major possible
3N: gambling
Ambra also solves the well known 2/1 dilema: is 2/1 GF or GF unless responder rebids his suit. In Ambra a 2/1 (e.g.
1-2) is GF unless responder rebids his suit. You might ask "how should responder bid with a GF hand and a long
suit?". Initialy responder bids 2 and on his second round he has many relays available to force the auction.
In Ambra practically all 2, 2 and 2NT bids have artificial meanings. In practice these 3 contracts are very unpopular
as end contracts, so we might as well use them for relays etc.
But the main "selling point" for Ambra is it's slam bidding. Very often a Slam Invite (SI) can be established at a very
low level. Slam bidding specifically is an area where the Italian top players excell and the Dutch top players have been
critised.
1 opening
With two or three 4card suits, the lowest suit is opened.
Over 1 we play the Walsh convention: responder bids a 4card major bypassing a 4+ suit and 5-9 HCP. With 10+
HCP a 4+card suit is bid first.
The 1NT response is weaker than in most agreements: 5-10 HCP with 4/5 or 4/5 (with 6 the response is 1).
2 is inverted minor: 4+ and 11+ HCP.
2 are similar to the 2 opening: transfer and either weak (2-7) or strong (12+).
2 shows 5, 2NT shows 6 and 2-6 HCP, 3 also shows 6 but stronger: 8-10 HCP.
3 is preemptive: 7+, 3-8 HCP. 3 are splinters with 5-4 in the minors, GF.
3NT is natural: 12-14 HCP and 3-3-3-4 distribution.
Let us look at the development after 1-1:
Opener's rebid is all natural with the exception of the cheapest reverse bid: 2 in this case. 2 has 3 possible meanings:
a) 5+ - 4, 17+ HCP, a normal reverse
b) 6+ and 17+ HCP
c) 5+ - 4, 17+ HCP, a strong raise
This principle of giving multiple meaning to the lowest strong bid occurs frequently in Ambra. It has the advantage of
keeping other bids very simple and with relays responder has plenty of room to find out which hand opener has.
That means that the rebid of 3 can be weker now: 13-16 HCP and 6 or 4 support respectively.
Double jumps by opener are splinters, showing 4-4-4-1 distribution and 18-22 HCP (3NT is singleton ).
1-1, 2-2 is a GF relay, opener rebids natural in the context of the bidding thusfar:
2N: 5+-4 (3=GAR, see below)
3: 6+
3: 5-4
3: 6-5
3: 5-4-4
GAR is a convention used widely in the system. Whenever opener or responder shows a 5-4 distribution, 2NT is relay
asking clarification. Responses are: 3 shows 5-4, 3 shows 6-4. In case 5-5 and 5-4-4 distributions are still possible
too: 3 shows 5-5 and high singleton, 3 shows 5-5 and low singleton and 3NT shows 5-4-4. After the responses of 3
and 3, partner can bid:
1st step: a further general relay
2nd step: fixes the higher suit, relay
The responses to these relays are: 1st step: 2-2 in remaining suits, 2nd step: high singleton, 3rd step: low singleton.
After the sequence above: 1-1, 2-2, 2N GAR cannot be invoked with 2N, so we must use 3 and all subsequent
bidding is 1 step higher.
When opener has not limited his hand yet, the GAR convention works a bit different:
3: 5-4, 11-15
3: 6-4, 11-21
3: 5-4-2-2, 16-21
3: 5-4, high singleton, 16-21
3N: 5-4, low singleton, 16-21
After the 3 response, 3 is a further relay:
3: min, high sin
3N: min, low sin
4: max, high sin
4: max, low sin
Keep in mind that the 2NT bidder is attempting game, opposite a minimum a partscore is still possible. I am not sure
what 'GAR' means, possibly something Italian, but it would be a suitable abbreviation for 'Game Attempt Relay'.
Transfers are used after a 2NT rebid by opener. Let us say the bidding started 1-1, 2N promissing 18-20 HCP and
forcing. The bid below responder's suit is now transfer: 3. Opener must bid 3 and reponder continues natural: passing
with 5 and 4-5 HCP. Other bids by responder are SI. When opener's suit is not , there is room for transfers to both
our suits:
1-1, 2N-3: transfer to
-3: transfer to
Ambra also uses an extended Checkback convention after a 1NT rebid by opener. Let's say the auction started 1-1,
1N. Responder's 2 is now a puppet to 2 and used for hands with weak or any game invite. 2 over 1N is a relay
with any GF hand. That results in the following response structure after 1-1, 1N:
2: puppet to 2
2: Checkback, GF
2: 5+, 7-10 HCP
2: 4-4, 10-12 HCP
2N: puppet to 3, see below
3: 5+ suit, GI
3: good 6+ card, GF
3: 6-5, GF
3N: to play
4: Gerber
Bidding after the 2 puppet is natural: reponder passes with weak and other bids are GI.
Over the GF Checkback, opener is required to show: a 4card on the other major, 3card support for responder's major,
rebid a 6card suit, show a 5-4 hand or bid 2NT, in this order.
This puppet and Checkback is also used after 1-1, 1N and 1-1, 1N.
After opener rebids on the 1-level, 2 by responder is a relay, this is known in the USA as the x-y-z convention. For
details, see the 2Relay discussion later. A beautiful slam example from a practice game follows here:
Axxx
AJ
9xxx
A10x
Kxx
KQxx
AKQx
xx
1
1
2:min,NO supp
2nt
3:q
3nt
6:good controls
1
2:r, GI+
2r, SI
3:agrees
3:q
4:turbo, 2 keycards
pas
Support structure.
As is common nowadays, over a 1/ opening, responder has many ways for raising partner. Let us say partner opened
1:
With 3 card support or a 4card and bad (=4-3-3-3) distribution:
- 3-7 HCP: bid 2 first, artificial (can also be GF with suit) and pass if opener rebids 2
- 8-9 HCP: raise to 2
- 10-11 HCP: bid 3, artificial
- 12+ HCP: bid your own suit first and support later
With a 4 or 5card card support:
- 0-5 HCP: preempt with 3 (4card) or 4 (5card)
- 6-9 HCP: bid 3, artificial
- 10-13 HCP with a singleton: bid 3, artificial, with a singleton in any suit
- 10-11 HCP no singleton: bid 3
- 12-13 HCP no singleton: 2N, artificial GF
- 12+ HCP with any singleton: 2N
- 12-15 HCP and a void: splinter with 3NT ( void), 4 or 4
The 2N response is an artificial GF with 4card support and opener rebids 3 with any minimum. With a non-minimum
opener can show a distributional hand with 4+card suit on the 3 level:
3: 4+, 6-4 or 5-5
3: 4+, 6-4 or 5-5
3N: 4+, 6-4 or 5-5
or opener can show a void by bidding that suit on the 4level (4 shows void).
Lacking extra distribution and a void, e.g. 5-3-3-2, 5-4-3-1, 6-3-2-2, 6-3-3-1 distributions, opener must rebid 3
showing a non-minimum.
1
1-2N
10-22
12+
5+card
4card support
1-2N-3
1-2N-3
1-2N-3
1-2N-3
1-2N-3N
1-2N-4
1-2N-4
1-2N-4
14+
10-13
14+
14+
14+
14+
14+
14+
non-minimum, no void, no side suit

any minimum
4+, 6-4 or 5-5
4+
4+
void
void
void
(Note that Garozzo does not use high shortage first here, unfortunately.)
After 1-2N, 3 responder has 2 relays available: 3 asks for a singleton with SI, while 3 shows responder thinks
game is the limit with his hand, i.e. about 12-16 HCP. When opener thinks slam is still possible, he can ask for
responder's singleton with a relay of 3:
10
1
1-2N
1-2N-3
1-2N-3-3
1-2N-3-3-3
10-22
12+
14+
12-15
1-2N-3-3-3-3N
1-2N-3-3-3-4
1-2N-3-3-3-4
1-2N-3-3-3-4
5+card
4card support
no void or side suit
"I don't think it is slam"
"but I think it is, show me your singleton?"
no singleton
singleton (high shortage first!)
singleton
singleton
Note that when game seems to be the maximum achievable, no singletons are shown! This is a clever way to conceal
the hands for the defenders. After 1-2N, 3/ responder can also introduce his own 5+ card suit. So to summarise:
with 3card support and a 5card suit, responder first bids his suit and with 4card support and a 5card suit, reponder first
bids 2NT.
After 1-2N, 3-3, (SI relay) opener shows his singleton in the same way: 3 shows no singleton and asks responder
in turn to show his singleton. I am sure you can work out the answers by now (remember: high shortage first).
Game tries
Ambra has a clever way of using game tries. Say the auction starts: 1-2. Opener now bids 2 saying: "show me your
cheapest suit in which you would have accepted a help suit game try?". Responder then bids a suit in which he has
honour strength or he declines with 3 with an absolute minimum. An example:
KQx
AQxxx
x
Axxx
xx
Kxx
KJxx
Jxxx
1
2
3
2
3
p
3 is not what opener wanted to hear and he signs off in 3. With the minors reversed, opener would bid the excellent
game.
The whole idea of this general game try is of course to conceal declarer's hand. Note that responder would have bid 2N
with honours.
Opener can also show his hand with a short suit game try:
1
1-2
1-2-2
1-2-2N
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3N
1-2-4
1-2-4
10-22
8-10
5+card
3card support or 3433
show me an accept suit
singleton
singleton (again no high-shortage-first here)
singleton
asking for trump quality
6-5, SI
natural, choice of games
5, SI
5, SI
2-over-1 bidding
An important principle in Ambra 2/1 bidding is that opener shows a minimum with or without 4card in the other major.
1-2, 2 shows 11-15 without a 4card and 1-2, 2 shows 11-21 HCP with a 4card suit. Also 1-2, 2: 11-15
no 4 and 1-2, 2: 11-21 with 4.
11
After 1-2, there is no room for this distinction and opener's 2 shows a minimum with or without 4card .
Other rebids by opener show 16-21 HCP hands:
1
1-2
10-21
9+
5+card
usualy 4+
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2N
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3N
10-15
10-21
16-21
16-22
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
no 4
4
4+!
no side suit
5-4
6-4!
5-5, singleton
5-5, singleton
5-4-4
Opener's jump rebids might look strange at first, but we will see the same bids a couple of times in the GAR
convention.
After a 1 opening the schema is very much the same:
1
1-2
10-21
9+
5+card
3+
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2N
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3N
11-15
11-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
no 4
4
4+!
5+ no side suit
5-4
6-4!
5-5, singleton
5-5, singleton
5-4-4
If responder wants to check for a 4card with opener, he should bid 2! rather than a 4card suit he might have. That
is the reason why after 1 the 2 response can be as short as a 3card: e.g. with Kx Axxx AQxx xxx responder
can bid 2.
1
1-2
10-21
9+
5+card
5+ or 3-7 with 3card support
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2N
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
11-15
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
16-21
4 still possible
5+-4+
5, no side suit
4+
4+
6+
6-5, 4/5 losers
Note that 1-2, 2N shows 5-3-3-2 distribution, while 1-2, 2N can be a 5 or 6 card suit.
After a 1 opening the 2 and 2 responses are swapped around! The reason for this is to have more room for game
investigation when responder has a suit. 2/1 responses to 1 are:
12
10-21
5+card
1-2
12+
9-11
10+
8-10
12+
3-7
9-11
3+, GF
6+
5+ !!, GF
6+ !!
5+ !!, GF
3/4
6+ !!
1-2
1-2
Rebids by opener after 1-2 are focussed on support. Because of the extra room created, opener can show his
minimum and support below 2: 1-2, 2 shows 2-4 support and 10-13 HCP; 1-2, 2 shows a minimum
without support. Other bids show 15+ as follows:
1
1-2
10-21
9+
5+card
5+
1-2-2
1-2-2
1-2-2N
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3
1-2-3N
1-2-4
1-2-4
1-2-4
10-13
10-15
15+
16-21
16-21
13-15
16-21
11-13
11-13
11-14
11-14
2-4
0-1
2+
4+, short
4+, short
3 or 5-4-2-2
6, short
4+, singleton
4+, singleton
5, singleton
5, singleton
Bidding after 1-2 is natural, with 2 showing a minimum and other bids showing 16-21 HCP.
Now we come to the question how responder bids with a strong minor suit. With the above agreements, responder has
several bids available without a natural meaning, e.g. 1-2, 2-2 is not required to show support as responder
would bid 3 with support. Some examples:
1-2, 2-2: relay, SI
1
1-2
1-2-2
10-21
9+
10-15
5+card
4+
any distribution without 4
1-2-2-2
1-2-2-2
1-2-2-2N
1-2-2-3
1-2-2-3
17+
12-16
12+
9-11
12-16
relay, SI
relay, GF
6+, GF+
6+, not forcing
6-4, not SI
Responder has: Axx Kx Qx AKJ10xx and opener opened 1. Responder has and old-fashioned SI 3
response. In Ambra responder bids 2 and when opener shows a minimum with 2, responder bids 2: relay with slam
interest. Opener's rebids are similar to his 2nd round maximum bids:
2: 5+-4+ !
2N: 5+, no side suit
3: 5-4
3: 6-4
3: 5-5, singleton
3: 5-5, singleton
3N: 5-4-4
13
The development after 1-2, 2 is:

2: relay, no fit in
2N: relay with fit in
3: 9-11, 4, not forcing
3: 6+, GF+
And after 1-2, 2-2 relay:
2N: 6-5 or 5440 a 3r
3: 5-4
3: 6-4
3: 5-4 sin , 16+
3: 5-4 sin , 16+
a 3: 5440 min
a 3: 6-5
a 3: 544 void
a 3N: 544 void
a 3r
a 3: void
a 3N: void
You should start to see the patterns in the relays by now, so you can work it out at the table.
An example from a practice game:
Kxx
AKJxx
x
J10xx
Axx
Qxx
AKx
Qxxx
1
2:min
3
3:q
4:q
pas
2
2:r,GF
3:max, light invite
3nt:turbo, even (2) keycards
4:SO, no control
1M-Reverse Relay (1MRR)

The bidding in this section applies to the opening of 1 major followed by a 2 rebid by opener, so these situations:
1-1, 2
1-1NT, 2
1-1NT, 2
As usual in Ambra, these 2 rebids have multiple meaning: either natural or a reverse hand (17+ HCP).
Responder can bid 2 - relay - with 8+ HCP and when opener show a reverse, the bidding is GF.
Over this 2 relay, opener bids as follows:
1M-1/NT-2
1M-1/NT-2-2
11-21
8+
natural or 17+ reverse (or 17+ and support for pd)

1M-reverse relay
1M-1/NT-2-2-2M
1M-1/NT-2-2-2NT
1M-1/NT-2-2-3
1M-1/NT-2-2-3
1M-1/NT-2-2-3M
1M-1/NT-2-2-3NT
MIN
16-17
17+
17+
17+
18-20
5M-3+
BAL, 5-3-3-2
5M-4
5M-4
6+M
BAL, 5-3-3-2
This is the basic scheme, but there are a few extras, as openers rebid in the other major has no natural meaning:
1.
2.
3.
1-1N, 2-2, 2 = impossible : 5+minor, 17+ HCP

1-1N, 2-2, 3 = 4+, 17+ HCP
1-1N, 2-2, 2 = impossible : 4+, 15-16 HCP
After 1-1-2, opener shows support 3+card by bidding 2. Responder then has a 2NT relay available:
14
1M-1-2-2-2
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT
17+
3+ support
support relay
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-3
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-3
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-3
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-3
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-3NT
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-4
1M-1-2-2-2-2NT-4
17+
17+
17+
17+
17-20
17+
17+
3-5-1-4, 3card support, high sin

3-5-4-1, 3card support, low sin
6-3
4-5-2-2
BAL, 3-5-(3-2)
splinter, 4card support, sin
splinter, 4card support, sin
(Again Garozzo does not use high-shortage-first here.)
1m-Reverse Relay (1mRR)

As was discussed in the section about the 1 opening, after 1-1, opener has a general reverse available with 2,
showing a real reverse with 5-4 or 6+ with 17+ HCP or a hand with support and 17+ HCP. Responder's rebid in
the 4th suit is again a relay (1mRR):
1-1-2
1-1-2-2
17+
with 4, 6 or support
1mRR
1-1-2-2-2NT
1-1-2-2-3
1-1-2-2-3
1-1-2-2-3
1-1-2-2-3
1-1-2-2-4
1-1-2-2-4
17+
17+
17+
18-20
17+
17+
17+
5+-4
6+
6-5, 3-4 losers
4, BAL
5-4-4 (so you can be void for 2 bid!)
5-4, sin
5-4, sin
After 1-1-2-2-2NT, 3 is a further relay and opener bids:

3: 6-4
3: 3
3: St?
3nt: to-play
After the 1 opening, opener's rebid of 2 is the false reverse and the 1mRR in the 4th suit works much the same (see
the main diagrams for details). An important principle to remember is: when the 4th suit is available at the 2-level, other
bids on the 2-level are weak and bids on the 3-level are 9/11 (when opener can still have 11-16 HCP). Therefore, also
2nt is not natural, but shows a weak hand that cannot be expressed otherwise. See for example the sequence 1-1-22nt: 4!, 5/7 HCP.
3 rd suit forcing relay (3SF)

A rebid by responder in the cheapest 3rd suit is forcing and a relay. The following sequences apply:
1-1, 2-2
1-1, 2-2
1-1, 2-2
1-1, 2-2
1-1, 2-2
In all these sequences opener rebids his suit and responder bids the cheapest 3rd suit. This bid is forcing and opener
responds in much the same manner as in Checkback: showing support for responder and his strength.
Assuming the bidding starts 1x-1y, 2x-2w: opener's rebids are quite natural:
2y = 3card suport (6card in opener's own suit), MIN
2z = MIN or MAX, either 4card w or 4card z if still possible
2NT = MAX without support
3x = MIN without support
15
See the next chapters for specific examples of this relay.

After 1-1, 2-2 the rebids are similar:
2 = "impossible ", MIN, 3
2NT = MAX, no 3
3 = MIN, no 3
3 = MAX, 3
When opponents intervene

This chapter deals with the situation where opponent overcall our opening bid. The Italians like to play a lot of transfers
in those situations and Garozzo has implemented them into Ambra. In principle the double is a transfer to the next suit
and so are other responses. A cue bid shows a good 5-5. Jumps to the 2 level are GF with a good 6card suit (no
transfers). Jumps to 2NT and 3 level are transfers with a good 6card suit and invitational strength.
Let us work out the table after 1-(1):
1-(1)
1-(1)-X
1-(1)-1
1-(1)-1
1-(1)-1N
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2N
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3N
6+
6+
8-10
11+
3-7 | 12+
8-11
8+
12+
12+
9+
12+
9-11
9-11
12+
12-15
4+ (but see 2 and 3 below)

4+
balanced
without biddable suit on 1 level
5+
(4)5+
5-5
6+
6+
6+
5+, singleton , GF
6+
6+
balanced, transfer to 3NT
to play
6+
8-10
11+
3-7 | 12+
3-7 | 12+
8-10
8+
12+
9+
9+
12+
9-11
12+
12-15
4+ (but see 2 and 3 below)

balanced
without biddable suit on 1 level
5+
5+
5+
5-5m
6+
6+
6+
5+, singleton , GF
6+
balanced, transfer to 3NT
to play
1-(1)
1-(1)-X
1-(1)-1
1-(1)-1N
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2
1-(1)-2N
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3
1-(1)-3N
After 1-(1), we need the negative double to show a 4card , so 1NT is natural, but from 2 onwards the transfer
system is in operation again.
So what is the difference between 1-(1)-2 and 1-(1)-3 as both are transfer to ? With a weak hand or a GF
hand with exactly 5 we would transfer with 2, passing of course with the weak variety and bidding on with the GF
hand. With a 6 suit and 9+ HCP we would transfer with 3, passing with 9-11 and bidding on with 12+.
16
OPENINGS
1 = 2+ 10/22 HCP
Distributions included : a) Balanced 12/14 HCP or 18/20 HCP
] 4-3-3-3
] 4-4-3-2
] 4-4-3-2
] 4-4-3-2
] 4-3-3-3
] 4-3-3-3
] 4-4-3-2
b) Semi-balanced 12/14 HCP or 18/20 HCP ] 5-3-3-2
c) One-suited 11/22 HCP
] 6+
d) Two-suited 11/22 HCP
] 5+-4x
e) Two-suited with 3/5 losers
] 6+-5x
f) Three-suited 11/22 HCP
] 4-4-4-1
1 = 4+ 10/22 HCP
Distributions included : a) Balanced 12/14 HCP or 18/20 HCP
] 4-3-3-3
] 4-4-3-2
] 4-4-3-2
b) Semi-balanced 12/14 HCP or 18/20 HCP ] 5-3-3-2
c) One-suited 11/22 HCP
] 6+
d) Two-suited 11/22 HCP
] 5+-4x
] 5+-5
e) Two-suited with 3/5 losers
] 6+-5x
f) Three-suited with 11/22 HCP
] 4-4-4-1
1 = 5+ 10/21 HCP
Distributions included : a) Semi-balanced 12/20 HCP
b) Two-suited 11/21 HCP
c) Two-suited with more than 5 losers
d) Two-suited with 4/5 losers
e) One-suited 11/21 HCP 5+ losers
] 5-3-3-2
] 5+-4+x
] 5+-5+minor
] 6+-5+x
] 6+
1 = 5+ 10/21 HCP
Distributions included : a) Semi-balanced 12/20 HCP
b) Two-suited 11/21 HCP
c) Two-suited with more than 5 losers
d) Two-suited with 4/5 losers
e) One-suited 11/21 HCP 5+ losers
] 5-3-3-2
] 5+-4+x
] 5+-5+x
] 6+-5+x
] 6+
1nt = 15/17 HCP

Distributions included :
] 4-3-3-3
] 4-4-3-2
] 5m-3-3-2
] 5m-4-2-2
] 6mL-3-2-2
2 = GF generally 20+ HCP

Distributions included :
] BAL 23+ HCP
] 6+m GF
] 4M-5+m GF
] 4-4-4-1 GF
2
a) 6 5/10 HCP
b) 5+ GF
17
a) 6 5/10 HCP
b) 5+ GF
a) 5+m-4+om 5/10 HCP

b) 5+m-4+om 4 losers or less
2NT = 21/22 HCP possibly even a 5a major

3
= 7 Preempt in 3a and 4a position perhaps only 6
= 7 Preempt
= 7 Preempt
3NT = Gambling
Distributions included : a) One-suited
] 7/8 with AKQ

] 7/8 with AKQ
a) In 1a and 2a position 8/8 tricks in , one-suited with 7+ solid or semisolid

b) In 3a and 4a position 8+ Preempt
a) In 1a and 2a position 8/8 tricks in , one-suited with 7+ solid or semisolid

b) In 3a and 4a position 8+ Preempt
4NT = ?
5
= 9+ Preempt
= 9+ Preempt
18
LEGEND
GF
GF+
SO
NSI
SI
GI
GI+
NF
F1
MAX
MIN
RELAY
CHKBCK
GAR
1mRR
1MRR
3SF
4S3344
mCHK
2ntT
4thSUIT
FIT
St?
St
NSt
SGL
BAL
UNBAL
TO
PD
2x+
J
L
]
= Forcing to Game
= Forcing to Game or more
= Sign Off
= Not inviting Slam
= Inviting Slam
= Inviting Game
= Inviting Game or more
= Passable
= Forcing 1 round
= Maximum hand
= Minimum hand
= RELAY asking for more information
= Checkback Stayman
= GAR continuations
= 1 minor Reverse Relay
= 1 Major Reverse Relay
= 3rd Suit Forcing relay
= relay after opener shows support
= minors Check
= 2ntT continuations
= See Gadgets
= Shows FIT in suit x
= Asks for stop in x
= Stop in suit x
= No stop in suit x
= Singleton in x
= Balanced Hand
= Unbalanced Hand
= Take Out Double
= Penalty Double
= All bids higher than 2x
= Conventional
= Relay
= Good Suit
= Bad Suit
= Bidding goes over to partner
= Developments?
= Preempt
19
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE COMPETITIVE AUCTION

DOUBLE
Our doubles are generally all TO at all levels at least when doubler has not shown length in the suit. We use the PD at low levels only
when one of us has shown given a penalty pass. In penalty situations when we know we have balanced hands and we hold a certain
majority of the points we utilize the double to suggest partner pass with length in the suit. One doesn't make a double if one doesn't
want partner to convert to penalty.
PENALTY DOUBLE ( PD )
Despite the many TO doubles there are standard situations in which doubles are penalty :
a)
Partner has opened a preempt
b)
We have made a Penalty Pass over a TO double of a suit or NT bid higher than 1NT
c)
The double of a suit in which the doubler has shown 5+ cards
d)
We have already made a PD
DOUBLE WHEN WE HAVE FOUND A FIT

When we are in a forcing situation the double of an enemy suit shows a SGL in that suit . If this happens beyond the 3-level of our
suit then double is invitation to slam. When the opponents bid their suit under the level of our cheapest competitive raise then the
double shows extra strength or good defensive cards.
After two PASSES the double can be necessary with many types of special hands if one want to give partner the chance to convert
to penalty.
20
1 OPENING
1 ]
1 =
]
]
]
1
1
1nt
]
]
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
a) 4 10+ HCP
b) 5 9+ HCP if MIN then is UNBAL
c) 6+ 5+ HCP
= 4+ 5+ HCP possibly 5+ with 5/9 HCP
= 4+ 5+ HCP possibly 5+ with 5/9 HCP
=
a) 4/5 5/10 HCP
b) 4/5 5/10 HCP
= 4+ 11+ HCP generally without 4e major on the side( possibly only with 5+ )
=
a) 6+ 2/(7) HCP M with decent
b) 6+ J 12+ HCP possibly a 4card on the side
=
a) 6+ 2/(7) HCP M with decent
b) 6+ J 12+ HCP possibly a 4card on the side
=
a)5+ J most probably 4 (6)/9 HCP
b) 5+-4 SGL M GF+
c) 6+ GF+ with SGL not SI
= 6 2/6 HCP M
= 6 with 2 top honors 8/10 HCP
= 7+ 4/8 HCP
= 7+ 4/8 HCP
= 7+ 4/8 HCP
= 4-3-3-3 with 0/3 controls 12/14 HCP
1 ] 1
1
1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
1
= 4+-4 11/16 HCP
= 4+-4 11/16 HCP
= 5-3-3-2 / 4-3-3-3 / 4-4-3-2 / 4-3-3-3 / 4-3-3-3 / 4-4-3-2 12/14 HCP
= 6+ 11/16 HCP
= 4+-4 11/14 HCP
=
a) 5+-4 17+ HCP
b) 6+ 17+ HCP
c) 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 6+ J 13/16 HCP
= 5+-4 14/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
21
1
1
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
1nt
2
2
]
1
]
1
= 4+-4 MIN
= 6-4 MIN
=
a) 5-4-3-1 14/16 HCP
b) 4-4-4-1 MIN
= 6-4 MAX
= 4-4-4-1 MIN
= 5-4 MAX
= 6 J -4 13/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
= 4+-4 F1
= 9/11 HCP
= RELAY GI+ See GADGETS
= 6+ 5/9 HCP
= 4+-4+ GI without SGL
= 4COLORE SI with 5+-4 ]2nt = GAR
= 2ntT 4+ SGL or 6+-5/
= 5-4/5 9/11 HCP
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 4+-4 GI strength without SGL
= 5+-4+ SGL light SI
= 5+-4+ SGL light SI
1
1
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
= RELAY SI Natural Continuations

= 6-4 9/11 HCP
= LIM
= 5-4-3-1 10/11 HCP
= 6-4 GF
1
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
2
2
2
2nt
= 6-4 10/11 HCP

= 5-4-3-1 10/11 HCP
= RELAY for SGL answer in steps
= LIM without FIT in 10/11 HCP
1
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
2
2nt
3
= RELAY for MIN and MAX and distribution

]2nt= MAX 14 HCP
= 4-4 10/11 HCP
]3 = 5-4-3-1 MAX 13/14 HCP
= 5-4 10/11 HCP
]3 = 3+ MIN
1
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
2
2nt
3
3
= RELAY for SGL answer in steps

= 4+-4 10/11 HCP with 0/2
= 4+-4-3 GF
= 6-4 GF
1
1
2
2
]
1
]
1nt
= 6-4 MIN
=
a) 5-4-3-1 11/13 HCP
b) 4-4-4-1 11/13 HCP
= 6-4 MAX
= 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
= 5-4 MAX
= 6-4 AKQ / AKJ / AQJ / AKT 13/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
2
2
2nt
3
3
]2nt= SGL
]3 = SGL
]2nt= SGL
]3 = SGL
22
1
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
]
1
]
2
= 6-4 15/16 HCP
= 5-4 16 HCP NSt but no SGL
= 5-4 16 HCP FE
= 6 J-4 15/16 HCP
= 4/5-4-3/4-1 15/16 HCP
1
1
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
1
1nt
1
2
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
= 9/11 HCP with 4/5

= RELAY at least invitational
= 6+ 5/9 HCP
= 4COLORE SI with 5+ -4+
= 4+-4 bad invite
= 2ntT See developments
= 5-4/5 9/11 HCP
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 5-4 SGL light SI
= 4+-4 GI strength without SGL
= 5-4 SGL a light SI
]2nt = GAR
]
1
]
1nt
= 6-4 MIN
=
a) 4-4-4-1 11/13 HCP
b) 5-4-3-1 11/13 HCP
= 6-4 MAX
= 5-4 MAX
= 6 J-4
= 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
2
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= 4-4 10/12 HCP
= 4-4 10/12 HCP
= 2ntT ]3 = Forced
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP LIM
= 6+ GF
= 5-4 SGL GF
= 5-4 SGL GF
]3 = 5-5 GF+
]3 = 6-5 GF+
]3 = 6-5 GF+
]3nt= 6+ SI
]cue = 6+ SI+
= 6+ SO
= 5+-4 GF ]2nt = RELAY GAR
= LIM 9/11 HCP
= 6 10/11 HCP
= 3+ GF with SGL
= 3+ GF with SGL
= RELAY ]2 = MIN with 3
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]2nt= MAX without 3
]3 = MIN without 3
]3 = St?
]3 = MAX with 3
]3 = St?
23
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
2
4/5
= 5+-4 GF ]2nt= RELAY GAR

= 5+-4 9/11 HCP
=M
= 4+ SGL GF
= 4+ SGL GF
= RELAY ]2 = 5+-4 MIN with SGL ]2nt = GAR
=M
]2nt= BAL
]3 = 5-4 MAX ]3 = RELAY GAR
The only non-forcing bid after 1]1]2]2]2/2nt is 3 which shows an invitational hand with 4+
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
]
1
]
3
= St?
= St?
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
1
2nt
3
3
3
= RELAY GF GAR
= SO less than 7 HCP
= 6+ SO less than 7 HCP
= 6-5 GF
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
3nt
4nt
= TEXAS to 3
= 4-4 SI
= 4-4 SI
= 4-4 SI
= SO
= 4-3-3-3 SI
1
3
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
= 5+ SI
= St? a
= St? a
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
= RELAY GF
= 6+ GF
= 6+ and less than 7 HCP
= 6-5 GF
= 6-5 GF
]2nt= 5+-4 ]3 = RELAY GAR

]3 = 6+ 17+ HCP See 1]1]3
]3 = 5+-4 17+HCP
]3 = 6-5 3/4 losers
]3 = 5-4-4 17+ HCP
]pass= 6 4/5 HCP

]3 = 5+-4 SI
]3 = 5+-4 SI
]3nt= 5 SI
]4 = 5+-4 SI
]4 = 6+ SI
]3 = St? a
]3 = St? a
]3nt= I have two stops
]4 = Cue Bid with 3
24
1 ] 1
1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
1
1nt
]
1
= 4 11-16 HCP
= 5-3-3-2 / 4-3-3-3 / 4-4-3-2 / 5-4-2-2 / 5-4-3-1 11/14 HCP
=
a) 6+ 11/16 HCP
b) 5-4-3-1 15/16 HCP
=
a) 5+-4 17+ HCP
b) 6+ 17+ HCP
c) 5-4 with SGL 17+ HCP
d) 4 18/20 HCP BAL
=
a) 4 11/14 HCP BAL
b) 5-4 11/13 HCP
c) 5-4-3-1 11/15 HCP
d) 4-4-3-2 11/14 HCP with small cards in
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 6+ J 13/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4+-4 14/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= Natural
= RELAY GI+
= 4thSUIT GF 5-4+
= 6 (7)-(10) HCP
= 4+-4 5/9 HCP
= 5-4+ 9/11 HCP
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 6 10/11 HCP
= 4+-4 9/11 HCP
= Natural
= 4+-4 SGL small SI
= 4+-4 SGL small SI
]
1
]
1nt
= 6-4 MIN
=
a) 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
b) 5-4-4 15/16 HCP
= 5-4-3-1 14/16 HCP
= 6-4 MAX
= 5-4-3-1 15/16 HCP
= 6 J-4 13/16 HCP
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= 5+ not so many points, if 6 then are L
= 5-4 GF
= 4-5+ LIM
= 5-4 SGL GF
= 6 GF with not great but not horrible
= 5-4 SGL GF
= SO
]2nt= GAR
25
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= RELAY GI+ ]2 = 6-3 MIN

= 6 (7)/(10) HCP
]2 = 4 MIN or MAX
= 5+-4 13+ HCP
]3 = MIN
]3 = 6-3 MAX
= 4-3+ 9/11 HCP
]2nt= MAX
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 6 9/11 HCP
= 3+ SGL GF
= Natural
= RKCB
= 3+ SGL SI
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
= St?
= Natural F1
= LIM
= St?
= 5 usually GI
1
2
3
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
3
= St?
= 6 GF
= St?
1
2
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
3
= St?
= 6 GF
= St?
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
2
= 5 5/7 HCP
= 4 5/7 HCP
= 2/4 5/7 HCP
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= 6 8+ HCP GF
= 6-5 12+ HCP
= RELAY
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
= RELAY, 4S3344, GI+, usually balanced

= 4+, SGL , GI or strong SI
=M
= 5+ SGL , light SI
= 5+ SGL , light SI
= 5+ SGL , light SI
1
2
1
2
]2nt = GAR
]3 = LIM
]3 = 6 GF
]3 = St?
]2nt= 5+-4 17+ HCP ]3 = RELAY ]3 = 6-4

]3 = 6+ 17+ HCP
]3 = 3
]3 = 6-5 3-4 losers
]3 = St?
]3 = 4 bal 18/20 HCP
]3nt= stop
]3 = 5-4-4 17+ HCP
]4 = 5+-4 SGL
]4 = 5+-4 SGL
26
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
1
]
2
= 4 with SGL MIN or MAX
= 3 MIN]3 = St?
]3 = SO
]3 = St?
]3nt= SO
= 3 MAX ]3 = St?
= 4 MIN without SGL
]3 = St?
= 4 MAX without SGL
]3 = RELAY ]3 = MIN with SGL

]3 = MIN with SGL
]3 = MAX with SGL
]3nt= MAX with SGL
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
P
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 3/4 4/5 HCP

= RELAY, GF, GAR
= SO
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= 6+ 8+ HCP GF
= 4 5/7 HCP
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
= 5-4 SI
= TEXAS to 3 _3
= 4-4
= 4-4 SI
= SO
= Cue bid with 5+ SI
= Cue bid with 5+ SI
= 6+ SO
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3nt
= St?
= 5+ GF ]3 = 2
= St?
]3nt= 0/1
= Natural
]4 = Cue Bid with 3
1
3
]P = 5 4/5 HCP
]3 = 5-4
]4 = 5-4 SI
]4 = Cue bid 6+ SI
]4 = 6+ SI
1 ] 1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
1
= 4-3-3-3 / 4-4-3-2 without 4 / 5-3-3-2 / 5-4-2-2 / 5-4-3-1 / 4-4-4-1 11/14 HCP
=
a) 6+ 11/16 HCP
b) 5-4 15/16 HCP
c) 5-4 15/16 HCP
=
a) 4-4 15/17 HCP
b) 6+ 17+ HCP
c) 4+-4 17+ HCP UNBAL
d) 4 18/20 HCP BAL
e) 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
=
a) 4 11/14 HCP
b) 5-4-3-1 11/14 HCP
c) 5-4-2-2 11/14 HCP
d) 4-4-3-2 11/14 HCP with worthless doubleton
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 6+J 13/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
=
a) 5-4 14/16 HCP
b) 4-4-4-1 14/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 6-4 SGL 13/16 HCP
= 6-4 SGL 13/16 HCP
27
1
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= 5+-4+ not many points
= 5+ not many points
= 4-5+ LIM
= 5-4 SGL GF
= 5-4 SGL GF
= 6+ GF with not great
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY, 3SF
= 5-4+ GF
= 6 8/10 HCP
= 2ntT
= 2+ 9/11 HCP
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
1
]
2
]
2
= 5-4
= 6-4 MIN ]3 = RELAY for SGL
= 6-4 MIN ]3 = RELAY for SGL
= 5-4-2-2 with worthless doubleton and honors concentrated in the minors
= 5-4 SGL
= 5-4 SGL
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= F1
= LIM
= St?
= St?
= 5 GI
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY GF, 1mRR

= 5 4/7 HCP
= 4 4/7 HCP
= 2/4 4/7 HCP
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= 6+ 8+ HCP GF
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
]
1
]
2
= LIM
= LIM
= 6-5 3/4 losers NF
= St?
= 4 bal 18 HCP
= 6-4 SGL SI
= 6-4 SGL SI
]2 = 4/ MIN or MAX ]2 = RELAY GFSee conts

]2 = 3 MIN
]3 = 2+ 9/11 HCP
]2nt= MAX
]3 = MIN ]3 = St?
]3 = 6-4 MAX
]3 = St?
]3 = 6-4 MAX
]3 = 6 GF
]3 = 6-3 MAX
]2 = 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP

]2nt= 5+-4 17+ HCP
]3 = 6+ 17+ HCP
]3 = 6-5 3/4 losers
]3 = 4 bal 18/20 HCP
]4 = 5+-4 SGL 17+ HCP
]4 = 5+-4 SGL 17+ HCP
]2nt= SO
]3 = SO
]3 = SO
]3 = Fixes GF
28
1
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
]
1
]
2nt
= LIM
= 5+-4 NF
= St?
= 4 bal 18 HCP
= 6-4 SGL SI
= 6-4 SGL SI
1
2
3
3
3
4
4
]
1
]
3
= 6-5 3/4 losers NF
= St?
= 4 bal 18 HCP
= 6-4 SGL SI
= 6-4 SGL SI
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
]
1
]
2nt
= 4 with SGL MIN or MAX ]3 = RELAY
= 3 MIN ]3 = St?
]3 = SO
]3nt= SO
= 3 MAX ]3 = St?
= 4 MIN without SGL
= 4 MAX without SGL
3
3
3nt
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
= RELAY, 4S3344, GI+ See developments

=M
= Proposes to play if bad L and club honors probably 4-3-3-3
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 5+ SGL light SI
]3 = MIN with SGL

]3 = MIN with SGL
]3nt= MAX with SGL
]4 = MAX with SGL
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
= 5+-4 SI
= 5+-4 SI
= TEXAS for 3 a 3 ]3nt= 5 not SI
= 4-4 SI
]4 = 5-4 SI
= Cue bid with 5 SI
]4 = Cue bid with 6 SI
= Cue bid with 5 SI
]4 = Cue bid with 6 SI
= 5-5 not SI
]4 = 6 SI almost certainly a cue bid in
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3nt
4
= St?
= 5+ GF ]3 = 2
= St?
]3nt= 0/1
= SO
]4 = Cue Bid with 3
= 5+-5+ NSI
29
1 ] 1nt
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
1nt
= 6+ 11/14 HCP possibly a 4card on the side
= RELAY, MCHK
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
=
a) Preempt asking for better minor
b) 18/20 HCP bal lacking a stop
= 6+ J 13/16 HCP
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= Natural
]2 = MIN ]2 = RELAY see MAX

]2 = 5
]2nt= 4-3-3-3 MAX
]3 = 4/5 MAX
]3 = 4-4 MAX
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
=
2
a) BAL, 12-14 HCP
b) 6+, 11/17 HCP
c) 5+-4+ 11/21 HCP
d) 4441, 11-17 HCP
= 5+-4 ]2nt= GAR
]3 = Passable 10/11 HCP
= 5+-4 ]2nt= GAR
]3 = Passable 10/11 HCP
= 18/20 HCP BALSee MIN: 1-2-2-2-2nt
= 6+ 16+ HCP with SGL
= 6+ 16+ HCP without SGL
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
30
1
2
]
]
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY SI ]2 = 5+-4 11/21 HCP

]3// = St? in the suit
]2nt= bal ]3 = RELAY ]3 = 4
]3 = 6+ 11/15 HCP with SGL
]3 = 4 without 4
]3 = 6+ 11/15 HCP without SGL
]3 = 4 without 4
]3 = 4-4-4-1 11/17 HCP
]3 = 4-4-4-1 11/17 HCP
]3nt= 4-4-4-1 11/14 HCP
]4 = 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP
= RELAY GF not SI ]2nt= 12/14 HCP without SGL
]3 = 6 or 5-4 11/14 HCP with SGL ]3 = RELAY
]3 = 5-4 16/21 HCP with SGL
]3 = 4-4-4-1 11/14 HCP
]3 = 4-4-4-1 11/14 HCP
]3nt= 4-4-4-1 11/14 HCP
= 4/5 10/12 HCP good hand for NT not forcing
= 5+ 10/11 HCP
= 5+-4/ GF SGL not SI ]3 = 4
= 5+-4 GF SGL a not SI
]3 = 4
= 5+-4 GF SGL a not SI
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
= 11/14 HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP or perhaps only values in
= 15+ HCP with at least 2 used perhaps as a GI
= 6+ 16/18 HCP not forcing
= 3+ M
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= SO
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
= 6-4 GF
= 6+ GF
= 6-4 GF
= 6-4 GF
= 7 fixing trumps, asking for aces
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= MAX without SGL in

= MIN or GF ]3 = SO
= medium hand without SGL
= 6 MAX with SGL
= AKQxxx in
= 6-4 GF
= 6-4 GF
]3 = RELAY ]3 = MAX without SGL

]3 = SGL
]3nt= SGL
This system of responses we also use with 1]2/2 and even weak twos and responding to a weak jump overcall
31
1 ] 2
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
= 11/14 HCP
= 15+ HCP with at least 2 perhaps invitational to game
= 6+16/18 HCP not forcing
= 3+ M
= SO
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 6+ GF
= 6-4 GF
= 6-4 GF
= 6-4 GF
= 7 fixes asking for aces
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= MAX without SGL ]3 = RELAY ]3 = SGL

= MIN ]3 = SO
]3 = MAX without SGL
= MAX with SGL
]3nt= SGL
= Medium hand without SGL
= AKQxxx in
= 6-4 GF
= 6-4 GF
1 ] 2
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
5
]
2
= Asking SGL ] 3 = 5+ MIN ]3 = RELAY ]3 = SGL
= SO
] 3 = 5+ SGL MAX
]3 = SGL
= St?
] 3 = 5+ SGL MAX
]3nt= SGL
= St?
] 3= 5+ SGL MAX
= St?
=M
=M
1 ] 2nt
1
3
3
3
3
4
5
]
2nt
= SO
= St?
= St?
= St?
=M
=M
32
INTERFERENCE OVER 1 OPENING

INTERFERENCE IN 2a POSITION
CASE A : Opponent doubles
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
XX
1x-1
1
1nt
2
2
= 4+
= 4+x
= 8/10 HCP bal or BAL GI+
= (4)5+ SO or GF
= (5)6+ SO or GF
= System ON
CASE B : Opponent bids one of a suit

N
1x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1y
1
1nt
2
2
2x
2w
2y
2nt
3x-1
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
= 4+y where y=x+1

= 4+z where z=y+1 System ON
= 8/10 HCP balanced 11+ HCP without 4 biddable cards at the one-level
= 5+ Weak or GF+
= 5+
= 5+
= 5-5 8+ HCP if x= 5-5 if x=M 5OM-5m
= 5+w Passable
= 6y GF+
= 6+ GI+
= 5+ GF+ SGL x denying 4M
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI
= 6+ GI
= bal GF wanting you to play 3nt
= SO
Exception :
N
= 4 8+ HCP or bal GF+

= 7/10 HCP Bal
= 5+
= 5+
= 5+ GI+
= 5-5 GI+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
CASE C : Opponent bids 1NT natural

N
1nt
]
]
X
= PD
2x+ = Rubensohl ON
CASE D : Opponent jumps to the two-level showing a one-suiter with any amount of points
N
2x
]
]
X
= TO
2y+ = Rubensohl ON
33
1 opening
(1)
X
4+
1
4+
8/10 bal | 11+
1
1NT
5+, w | GF
2
4/5, 9-12
2
5-5, 8+
2
6+, GF
2
6+, GF
2NT
6+, GI+
3
5+, x, GF
3
6+, GI
3
6+, GI
bal, trf
3
3NT
SO
(1)
4+
(1)
4, 8+ | balGF
8/10, bal
5+, w | GF
5+
4/5, 9-12
5-5m, 8+
6+, GF
6+, GI+
6+, GI+
5+, x, GF
6+, GI
bal, trf
SO
7/10 bal
5+
5+
5+, GI+
5-5m, 8+
6+, GI+
6+, GI+
6+, GI+
5+, x, GF
bal, trf
SO
CASE E :
Opponent bids 2x or 3x as GHESTEM
2x
3x
X
= TO but if followed by X next round now penalty
Cuebid of their 1 suit = (4)5+ GI+
Cuebid of their 2 suit = 5+ in the fourth suit GF+
2y = 5+y Competitive
2nt = Natural GI
3 = 5+ Competitive
3y = 6y GI
3w = 6w Competitive
Jump cue = (4)5+ SGL in the cue-bid suit
]
]
]
]
X
= TO
Cuebid of their 1 suit = 4+ GI+
Cuebid of their 2 suit = 5+ in the fourth suit GF+
3y = 6y Competitive
Opponent intervenes with a 3x preempt
3x
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
3y
3nt
4
4x
4y
= TO
= 5+y F1
= SO
= 5+ Competitive
= 5w-5z in the other two suits GF+
= 6+y weaker than 3y
N
1
XX
1nt
2+
]
P
]
1x ]
X
= 3 cards in x or 16+ HCP hand
= 18/20 HCP bal ( can have 3 cards in x ? ) System ON
= System ON
CASE B : Opponent bids1/2y

N
1
X
1nt
2+
2nt
5+
5+
5+
5+, weak
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
CASE F :
1
(1NT)
Penalty
]
P
]
1x ]
1/2y
= 3 cards in x or 16+ HCP
= 18/20 HCP bal ( can have 3 cards in x ? ) System ON
= System ON
= Good-Bad
(2)
TO
5+, F1
5+, F1
6+, GI+
5+, x, GF
6+, GI
6+, GI
bal trf
SO
34
CASE C : Opponent bids 1NT natural or artificial

N
1 ]
P
]
1x ]
1nt
X
= PD if 1nt is natural , 3x or strong if 1nt is conventional
2+ = System ON
CASE D : Opponent jumps to 2y
N
1
X
2nt
3+
3y
3nt
]
P
]
1x ]
2y
= Strong hand
= Good-Bad
= System ON
= 4+-4x 16+ HCP or 6+ with 8 tricks St? y
= SO probably 6+ solid and St in y
35
1OPENING
1 ]
]
]
]
1
1
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 4+ 5+ HCP
= 4+ 5+ HCP
= 4+ 5/10 HCP
=
a) 4+ 11+ HCP GF+
b) 4+ 10+ HCP
= 4 5/9 HCP no 4e major on the side
= 6+ 3/(7) HCP with decent
= 6+ 3/(7) HCP with decent
= 6+ 4/7 HCP
= 5 bal or UNBAL 7/9 HCP
= 4+ but generally 5 0/5 HCP M
= 7+ 4/8 HCP
= 7+ 4/8 HCP
= 4-3-3-3 12/14 HCP with less than 3 controls
1 ] 1
1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
1
1
]
1
= 4+-4 11/16 HCP
= 4-3-3-3 / 5-3-3-3 / 5-4L 11/14 HCP
=
a) 5-4+ 11/21 HCP
b) 6+ 17+ HCP
c) 4 bal 18/20 HCP
d) 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 6+ 11/16 HCP
= 4 11/14 HCP or 3 with honors and a worthless doubleton
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 5+-5+ 5-5 losers generally 13/16 HCP
= 6+J 13/16 HCP
=
a) 5-4 14/16 HCP
b) 4-4 with SGL 14/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 7 solid with a stopper in and generally 8 tricks
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= Natural 4/5 5/9 HCP

= RELAY at least invitational
= SO
= 6+ 7/10 HCP
= 4+-4 7/9 HCP
= 2ntT
= 4thSUIT 5+-4+ GF
= 4+-4+ 9/11 HCP suit-oriented
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 4+-4 9/11 HCP
36
1
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
]
1
]
1nt
= 5-4-3+ 11/14 HCP
= 6-4 11/14 HCP
= 5-4-3-1 14/16 HCP
= 6-4 14/16 HCP
= 5-4-3 15/16 HCP
= 5-4-4 15/16 HCP
= 6 J-4 13/16 HCP
1
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= 5+ 7/9 HCP SO
= 4-410/12 HCP
= 2ntT
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP LIM
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP LIM
= 6+ with J GF
= 5-4 SGL GF
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= SO 2+ less than 9 HCP

= 5+ less than 9 HCP ]2/2nt/3/3/3nt/4/4
= RELAY F1
]3 = SO
= 4+ SO to 3 less than 8 HCP ]3 = GI
= 4+-4+ 9/11 HCP
= 4+-4+ 9/11 HCP
= 6 9/11 HCP
= 6-5 GF
= As over 1]1]2]2
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
]
1
]
2
= 5-4-3-1 15/16 HCP
= 5-4 17/19 HCP NSt or 6+ 18+ HCP GF or 5+-4 19+ HCP GF See developments
= 5-4 17/19 HCP St ]3 = SO ( the only one!!)
= 5-5 3-4 losers
]3 = RELAY ]3 = 6
= 6+ 17/18 HCP LIM
= 4 18/20 HCP bal
= 5+-4 17+ HCP SGL
= 5+-4 17+ HCP SGL
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
]
1
]
2
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP
= 5+-4 11/16 HCP
= 6+ 17+ HCP
= 4 18/20 HCP BAL
= 5+-4 17+ HCP SGL
= 5+-4 17+ HCP SGL
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= St a MIN
= 4 MIN or MAX
= NST a MIN
= 5 MIN or MAX
= NST a MAX
= St a MAX
]3
]3
]3
]3
= RELAY
= 3/4 GF
= 6 GF
= St?
]3
]3
]3
]4
= 6
= 3
= 5-4 St?
= 5-5 3-4 losers
37
1
2
3
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
3
= not Forcing
= 6 GF
= St?
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
= 6 7/9 HCP
= RELAY, 3SF
= 2ntT
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
=M
= 6+ 10/11 HCP
= 3+ SGL
= 3+ SGL
= RKCB
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= RELAY, 4S3344 See developments

=M
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 4-3-3-3 or 4 with no good honors
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 5+ SGL light SI
1
2
2nt
3
]
1
]
2
= 3 MIN ]3 = St?
]3 = SO
]3 = St?
]3nt= SO
= 3 MAX ]3 = St?
]3 = St?
= 4 MIN without SGL
= 4 MAX without SGL
3
3
3
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY GAR
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= SO
= 6+ 8+ HCP GF
= 4 less than7 HCP
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
= TEXAS 3
= TEXAS 3
= 4-4 GF
= 4-4 SI
= 5 Cue bid with SI
= 5 Cue bid with SI
1
3
]
]
]
1
3
3
]2nt= MAX without 3

]3 = MIN with 3
]3 = MIN without 3 ]3 = 6 GF
]3 = MAX with 3
]3 = St?
= 5+ 7+ HCP ]3 = 2
= St?
]3nt= 0/1
]Cue= 3
]3 = MIN with SGL

]3 = MIN with SGL
]3 = MAX with SGL
]3nt= MAX with SGL
38
1 ] 1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
1
= 12/14 HCP bal / 11/14 HCP 5-4-1/2
=
a)
5+-4+ 11/21 HCP
b)
6+ 17/21 HCP
c)
4 18/20 HCP BAL
d)
5+-4 17/21 HCP UNBAL
=
a)
6+ 11/16 HCP
b)
5-4 15/16 HCP
= 5+-4+ 17/21 HCP
= 4+-3+ 11/14 HCP
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 5+-5+ 5-5 losers
= 6+ J 13/16 HCP
= 4-4-4-1 18/22 HCP
= 4+-4 14/16 HCP
= 7+ solid with stoppers in and
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
= 6-4 13/16 HCP SGL
1
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= 5+-4+ no game
= 5+ 7/9 HCP
= NtT
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP LIM
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP LIM
= 5-4 SGL GF
= 6+ GF
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 2+ not forcing See developments

= RELAY, 1mRR ]2 = 5+-4+ 11/16 HCP
= 5+ not Forcing
]2nt=5+-4 17+ HCP ]3
= 4+ SO without 3
]3 = 5+-5+ 3-4 losers
= 5-4+ 9/11 HCP
]3 = 6+ 17/21 HCP
= 5-3+ 9/11 HCP
]3 = 5+-4+ 17+ HCP SGL
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
]3 = 4+-4 18/20 HCP BAL
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
]4 = 5+-4+ 17+ HCP SGL
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
1
]
2
= 5+-4 17/19 HCP St? or 5+-4 19+ HCP GF or 6+ 19+ HCP GF See developments
= 5-4-3-1 15/16 HCP
= 5-4 17/18 HCP
= 5-5 3-4 losers GF
= 6 17/18 HCP
= 5+-4 SGL SI
= 4+-4 18/20 HCP BAL
= Natural
= 5+-4 SGL SI
= GAR
39
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 5 MIN
= St a MIN
= 4 MIN or MAX
= MIN Nst
= MAX Nst
= 5 MAX
= MAX St
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY GF See GAR

= 4+ 9/11 HCP
= 3+ 9/11 HCP
= St?
= 6 GF
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
]3 = St?
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = St?
= RELAY, 3SF ]2 = 6-3 MIN ]2nt= RELAY GF
= 6+ 7/9 HCP
]2nt= MAX without 3 and without 4
= 2ntT
]3 = 6-4 MIN
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
]3 = MIN without 3 and without 4
=M
]3 = 5+-4 MAX
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
]3 = 6+ MAX with 3
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 3+ SGL
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 5+ less than 7 HCP

= RELAY GF GAR
= 5-5 7+ HCP GF
= SO
= 4 less than 7 HCP
= 6+ 8+ HCP GF
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
= RELAY, 4S3344 see developments

=M
= Suggests contract with L and outside strength
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 5+ SGL light SI
= 5+ SGL light SI
1
2
3
3
]
1
]
2nt
= 3 MIN ]3 = St?
]3 = SO
]3nt= SO
= 3 MAX ]3 = St?
= 4 MIN without SGL
= 4 MAX without SGL
3
3
3nt
]3 = 2-2
]3 = SGL
]3 = SGL
]2nt= NF
]3 = St?
]3 = NF
]3 = NF
]3 = MIN with SGL

]3 = MIN with SGL
]3nt= MAX with SGL
]4 = MAX with SGL
40
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
1
3
]
]
]
1
3
3
= TEXAS 3
]Pass = 4-4+ weak
= 5-4+ GF
]3 = 5-4 SI
= TEXAS 3
]Pass = 5 weak
= 4-4 SI
]3nt= to play
= Natural
]4 = Cue with 6+ SI
= Cue with 5 SI
]4 = Cue with 6+ SI
= Cue with 5 SI
]4 = Cue with 6+ SI
= Cue with 5 SI
]4 = 6+ SI
= 5+ GF ]3 = 2
= St?
]3nt= 0/1
]4/= Cue Bid with 3
1 ] 1nt
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
1nt
= RELAY, MCHK, not absolutely GF
= 6+ SO
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP
= 5+-4+ 17 +HCP
= Preempt or or 18/20 HCP bal lacking a stop Choose your better minor
= 5-5 5-5 losers
= 6+J 13/16 HCP
= 6-5 3/4 losers
= 6-5 3/4 losers
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2
2nt
3
= MIN ]2 = RELAY See MAX

= 5+ MIN or MAX ]2 = RELAY ]2nt= MIN
= 4-3-3-3 MAX
]3 = MAX
= 4-3-3-3 MAX
]3 = MAX without stoppers
= 4-4 MAX
]3 = MAX with 3 and St?
]3 = MAX with 3 and St?
1 ] 2
1
2
]
=
2
a) 12/14, BAL
b) 4-4-4-1, 12/16 HCP
c) 6+, 11-15
d) 5+-4+, 11/21
2 = 5+-4+ 11+ HCP ]2 = RELAY GAR
]2nt= RELAY with 4 GAR
]3 = 6+ GI
]3 = 3+ GI
2 = 5+-4+ 11+ HCP ]2nt= RELAY GAR
]3 = 6+ GI
]3 = 3+ GI
2nt = 18/20 HCP bal ]3 = RELAY See 1]2]2]2]2nt
3 = 6+ 16+ HCP with SGL
3 = 6+ 16+ HCP without SGL and without 3
3 = 6+ 16+ HCP with 3 St?
3 = 6+ 16+ HCP with 3 St?
3nt = 4-4-4-1 17/19 HCP
Cue = 4-4-4-1 20/22 HCP
41
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= RELAY GF+
= 5+ GF+ or 5m-4om GF+
= 10/12 HCP Limit
= 6 9/11 HCP
= 4+ Limit
= 5+-4 SGL not SI
= 5+-4 SGL not SI
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
]
2
= 5+-4+ 11+ HCP GAR
= bal 12/14 HCP
= 6+ 11/15 HCP with SGL
= 6+ 11/15 HCP without SGL and without 3
= 6+ 11/15 HCP with 3 St?
= 6+ 11/15 HCP with 3 St?
= 4-4-4-1 12/15 HCP
1
2
2NT
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
]
2
= RELAY
= 5+-4 16+ HCP
= 6+ SGL
= 5+-4+ SGL 11/15 HCP
= 5+-4+ SGL 11/15 HCP
= 5 probably SGL stoppers in both Majors
]3 = 5-4 pass or correct

]3 = 6 SO
]3 = St?
]3 = St?
]3nt= Natural SO
]3= RELAY
]3 = St?
]3 = St?
]3 = St?
]3 = 6+ with a SGL GF+

]3 = 5+m-4+om GF+ SGL or at least weak in one M
]3M = 5+ St? M generally xx in M
1 ] 2
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4nt
5
2
]
2
= 5+-4 17/21 HCP
= 18/20 HCP BAL
= 5-5 4/5 losers
=M
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= 6-5 3-4 losers
= M Choose your longer minor
=M
= RELAY ]2 = 4 or 4 4/7 HCP (?? 2 denies 4M!!)
]2nt= 6-3 4/7 HCP
]3 = 4+ MAX but if with 5 is BAL
]3 = 4+ MIN but if with 5 is BAL
]3 = 4 SGL MAX
]3 = 4 SGL MAX
1 ] 2
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
= 15+ HCP with at least 2 used perhaps as GI
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP or perhaps only values in
= 3+ M
= 6-5 not forcing
= SO
= SO
]3 = 3 ]3 = 5-4
]3 = 4-4-3-2 ]3 = 5-4
]3 = 4-4-3-2 ]3NT= SI
]3NT= 5-3-3-2
]4 = SI
42
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
= MAX without SGL with ]3 = RELAY ]3 = MAX without SGL

= MIN ]3 = SO
]3 = SGL
= Mano media without SGL
]3nt= SGL
= 6 MAX with SGL
= AKQxxx
1 ] 2
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
= 15+ HCP with at least 2 used perhaps as a GI
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP or perhaps only values in
= 3+ M
= SO
= SO
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
= MAX without SGL with ]3 = RELAY ]3 = SGL

= MIN ]3 = SO
]3 = MAX without SGL
= MAX with SGL
]3nt= SGL
= Medium hand without SGL
= AKQxxx
1 ] 2nt
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4nt
5
]
2nt
= SO
= SO we play better in
= St?
= St?
=M
= 6-5 3/4 losers
= 6-5 3/4 losers
= Choose your longer minor
=M
1 ] 3
1
3
3
3
3nt
4
5
4
4
]
3
= SO
= St? or advance Cue Bid with FIT in generally SGL
= St? or advance Cue Bid with FIT in generally SGL
= Natural
= Cue Bid SI generally SGL
=M
= 6-5 3/4 losers
= 6-5 3/4 losers
43

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
XX
1
1
1NT
2
2
2
= 4+
= 4+
= 7/10 HCP adapted or BAL GI+
= 5+
= 4+ SO or GF+
= (5)6+
= (5)6+
CASE B : Opponent overcalls 1/2 of a suit cheaply

N
1/2x ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1
1nt
2
2
2x
2w
2y
2nt
3x-1
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 4+y where y=x+1

= 8/10 HCP bal or bal GI+
= 5+
= 4+ Weak or GF+
= 5+
= 5OM-5m ( generally ) 8+ HCP
= 6+w GF+
= 6y 3/7 HCP
= 6+ GI+
= 5+ SGL x GF+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
= Wants you to play 3nt
= SO
Exception :
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
= 4 8+ HCP or bal GF+

= 7/10 HCP Bal
= 4+ Competitive or GF+
= 5+
= 4+ GI
=5-5 GI+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
= 6+ GI+
CASE C : Opponent bids 1nt Natural

N
1nt
]
]
X
= PD
2x+ = Rubensohl ON
CASE D : Opponent jumps to 2x showing a one-suited hand, any strength

N
2x
]
]
X
= TO
2y+ = Rubensohl ON
44
1 opening
(1)
X
4+
8/10 bal or 11+
1
1NT
5+
2
4+ weak or GF
2
4+, 9-12
2
5-5, 8+
2
6+, GF
2NT
6+, GI+
3
5, weak
3
5+, x, GF
3
6+, GI
bal, trf
3
3NT
SO
(1)
4 8+ or bal GF
7/10, bal
4+, weak or GF
5+
4+, 9/12
5-5, 8+
6+, GI+
5+, weak
6+, GI+
5+, x, GF
bal, trf
SO
CASE E :
Opponent bids 2x or 3x as GHESTEM
2x
3x
X
= TO
Cue-bid of their 1 suit = 4+ GI+
Cue-bid of their 2 suit = 5+ in the other two suits GF+
3y = 6y Competitive
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
3y
3nt
4
4x
4y
= TO
= 5+y F1
= SO
= 5+ Competitive
= 5w-5z in the remaining suits GF+
1
XX
1nt
2+
]
P
]
1x ]
X
= 3 cards in x or 16+ HCP hand
= 18/20 HCP bal ( can have 3 cards in x ) System ON
= System ON
CASE B : Opponent bids 1/2y

N
1
X
1nt
2+
2nt
]
P
]
1x ]
1/2y
= 3 cards in x or 16+ HCP
= 18/20 HCP bal ( can have 3 cards in x ) System ON
= System ON
= Good-Bad
CASE C : Opponent bids 1nt natural or conventional

N
1x
1nt
CASE D : Opponent jumps to 2y

N
5+, F1
6+, GI
5+, GI
5+, x, GF
6+, GI
bal, trf
SO
]
]
]
]
Opponents preempts 3x
4+
4+
bal, 10/12,
6+, GI+
5+, GI
6+, GI
6+, GI
bal trf
SO
3x
(2)
TO
X
= TO but if followed by X the next round now is penalty
Cuebid of their 1 suit = 4+ GI+
Cuebid of their 2 suit = 5+ in the other two suits GF+
2y = 5+y Competitive
2nt = Natural invitational
3 = 4+ Competitive
3y = 6y GI
3w = 6w Competitive
Jump cue = (4)5+ SGL in the suit cue-bid
3nt = SO
4+, weak
5+
5+
5+
(2)
4+, w or GF
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
CASE F :
1
(1N)
Pen
45
1
X
2nt
3+
3y
3nt
]
P
]
1x ]
2y
= Strong hand
= Good-Bad
= System ON
= 4+-4x 16+ HCP or 6+ with 8 tricks St? y
= SO probably 6+ solid and St in y
46
1 OPENING
1 ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1 = 4+ 5+ HCP
1nt = 5/12 HCP with maximum 2
2 =
a) RELAY GF generally with 4+
b) 6+ 9/11 HCP
2 =
a) 5+ GF
b) 3/4 3/7 HCP
2 = 3/4 8/10 HCP if with 4 then MAX and 4-3-3-3
2 = 6+ GF
2nt = 4+ GF+
3 = 3+ GI
3 = 4+ 6/9 UNBAL
3 = 4 0/5 HCP M
3 = 7 M
3nt = 4+ GF+ void
4 = 4+ GF+ void
4 = 4+ GF+ void
4 = 5 0/5 HCP M
1 ] 1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
1
1nt
]
1
= 5-3-3-2 12/14 HCP or 5-4/ with stop in 4 suit
=
a) Natural 5-3+ 11/21 HCP
b) All hands with 17+ HCP
= 5+-3+ 11/16 HCP
= 6+ 11/14 HCP
= 5-4 11/14 HCP
= 6+-4 any; hands with 4/5 losers See 1]1nt]2nt
= 5+-5+ 13/15 HCP if very UNBAL perhaps less points, nevertheless always 5-5 losers
= 5+-5+ 13/15 HCP if very UNBAL perhaps less points, nevertheless always 5-5 losers
= 6+ 14/16 HCP
= 5-4 14/16 HCP UNBAL
= 6-4 SGL 13/16 HCP
= 6-4 SGL 13/16 HCP
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= CHKBCK1
= CHKBCK2
= SO
= 5+ 4/9 HCP
= 2ntT
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP GI
= 4-5+ 9/11 HCP GI
= 5+-3+ GF
= 6+ with good but not great, GF
= SO
47
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3nt
]
1
]
2
= 5+-3+ 11/16 HCP See developments
= 5+-3+ 17+ HCP ]2nt = RELAY
= 5-3-3-2 16/17 HCP bal See developments
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP without 3
= 5+-4+ 17+ HCP without 3
= 6+ 17+ HCP without 3
= 5-3-3-2 18/20 HCP BAL
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 4+ RELAY GF ]2nt= 5-3-3-2

= Natural GI
]3 = 5-4
= SO
]3 = 6-4
= GF St?
]3 = 5-5 SGL
=
]3 = 5-3
= 6 GF
]3nt=
1
2
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
3
3
3
3
= RELAY
= 4-5+ 7/10 HCP GF
= 4-5+ 7/10 HCP GF
= 6+ GF
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4m
= SO
= 5+ SO
= GI
= RELAY GF
= GI
= GI
= 6 GI
= 3+ SGL m SI
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4m
= 5+ GI+
= 4 GI
= GF perhaps without a 4 suit
= GF perhaps without a 4 suit
= GI
= 6+ GI
= 3+ SGL m SI
1
2
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 1MRR, (7)8+ HCP if partner shows a reverse then we are GF

= 2/3 SO
= 5/6 short SO
= 5+ SO short
= 5+ SO short
= 5-5 8/10 HCP
= 4+-3 9/11 HCP
= 6 9/11 HCP
]3 = 5-4-3-1 17+ HCP

]3 = 5-4-3-1 17+ HCP
]3 = 6-3 17+ HCP
]3 = 5-4-2-2 17+ HCP
]3nt= 5-3-3-2 17/20 HCP BAL
]4 = 5-4 SGL SI
]4 = 5-4 SGL SI
]3 = St
]3 = St
]3 = 3
]3nt= St and
]3 = Bid with no club stop or 5 ]3 = RELAY ]3 = NSt

]3 = 6-4
]3 = 6
]3nt= 5
]3 = 3
]3nt= St
48
1
2
1
2nt
]
]
1
2NT = RELAY
]
]
]
3
3
4m
= 4+ SGL GI
= 4+ SGL GI
= 5+ SGL m SI
]
]
]
]
]
1
3
3
3
3
= RELAY GF ]3 = 6-4
= 5+-4 SO
]3 = 6-4
= SO
]3 = 6-4
= 6+ SO
]3= 4 with SGL MIN or MAX ]3= RELAY

]3 = 3 MIN ]3 = St?a
]3 = SO
]3NT= SO
]3 = 3 MAX ]3 = St?
]3 = 4 MIN without SGL
]3SA= 4 MAX without SGL
1 ] 1nt
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
]
=
1nt
a) 5-3+ 11/16 HCP
b) 5+ 17+ HCP any distribution without 4
= 5+-4+ 11/16 HCP
= 6+ 11/14 HCP
= 5-4+ 17/20 HCP
= 6+-4 any hand with 4/5 losers but not more than (19)20 HCP
= 5-5+ 13/15 HCP if very UNBAL perhaps less points, nevertheless always 5-5 losers
= 6+ 14/16 HCP
= 6-5 4/5 losers not so many points
= 6-5 11/14 HCP
= 6-5 11/14 HCP
= 7+ too strong for a preempt, generally 5 losers
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3nt
]
1nt
]
2
= 5+-3+ 11/16 HCP ]2= 4+ 9/11 HCP
= 5-5/ 17+ HCP
]2nt= 9/11 HCP BAL
= 5-3-3-2 16/17 HCP BAL
]3 = 5 7/8 HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
]3 = 6 7/8 HCP
= 5+-4 17+ HCP
= 6+ 17+ HCP
= 5-3-3-2 18/20 HCP BAL
1
2
2
]
]
]
1nt
2
2nt
1
2
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2nt
1nt
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 1MRR, (7)8+ HCP if partner has a reverse then we are GF

= 2 SO
= At least 5-4 minors SO short
= 5+ SO short
= 5+ SO can have 2
= 6 8/10 HCP
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
= RELAY ]3 = 5+-5+ 17+ HCP

]3 = 5+-5+ 17+ HCP
= 2 SO
= 4+ 8/11 HCP
= 9/11 HCP BAL
]3 = MIN with SGL

]3 = MIN with SGL
]3NT= MAX with SGL
]4 = MAX with SGL
49
]
]
]
]
3
3
3
3nt
= 6+ 5/8 HCP short

= 5+ 5/8 HCP
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2nt
3
3
3
= 5-5 SGL
= 10/11 HCP with 1/2
= 6+ 5/8 HCP SGL
= 6+ 5/8 HCP SGL
= 2 with an honor 9/11 HCP
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
1nt
3
3
3
= RELAY GF ]3 = 6-4
= 6+ SO
]3 = 6-4
= SO
]3 = 6-4
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
= 11/15 HCP without 4 ]3 = 3 with an honor, 5+J SI
= 5+-4+ 11/21 HCP See developments
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP see MIN
= 5+ 16/21 HCP see MIN
= 5-4 16/21 HCP ]3 = Asking SGL almost always agrees
]3 = Fixes and asking for high trump honors
]3 = Fixes and asking SGL
= 6-4 16/21 HCP
]3 = Fixes and asking for high trump honors
]3 = Fixes and asking SGL
]4 = Fixes SI
= 5-5 SGL a 16/21 HCP
= 5-5 SGL a 16/21 HCP
= 5-4-4 16/21 HCP
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2nt
]
2
]
2
= 5+-4+ 11/15 HCP ]2nt= GAR
= 5+ 11/15 HCP ]3 = RELAY fixes
]3 = 5+ SI
]3 = Fixes
= 5-4 11/15 HCP GAR
= 6-4 11/15 HCP GAR
= 5-5 11/15 HCP SGL with
= 5-5 11/15 HCP SGL with
= 5-4-4 11/15 HCP
3
3
3
3
3nt
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
2
2
2nt
3
3
= RELAY SI
= RELAY GF
= 6+ GF+
= 6 9/11 HCP
= 6-4 not SI
]3= 6+ with SGL ]3 = Asking SGL

]3 = 6+ without SGL
]3 = 5 J
]3nt = 5 L
= RELAY nearly a certain FIT in See developments

= RELAY fixes
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 6+ GF+
50
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
]
2
]
2
= 6-5 or 5-4-4 ]3 = RELAY
= 5-4
= 6-4
= 5-4 SGL 16+ HCP
]3 = 5-4-4 MIN ]3 = RELAY see MAX

]3 = 6-5
]3 = 5-4-4 VOID
]3nt= 5-4-4 VOID
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
2
= 11/14 HCP possibly perhaps 4
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 5 16/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 6+ 16/21 HCP
= 6-5 4/5 losers
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
]
2
]
2 = 5+-4 GF
= RELAY GAR
= 5+ St?
= 5+-3+ 11/15 HCP
= 6+ very J 11/15 HCP
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
= 5+ GF+ Continuations natural

= 5+-4+ GF
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 3 with an honor with 5+ J SI
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
= GAR
= 4 suit ( 5 12+ HCP )
= 6+ GF
= SO
= 5+-4 GF
= Cue Bid with FIT
= Cue Bid with FIT
= SO
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= 5+-(3)4+ GF or some values in

= 5+ GF
= SO
= 6-5 GF
= 5-3-3-2 MIN
= 6-5 GF
= SO
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
2
= Asking in which suit responder would accept a GI in opener's suit
= SGL
= SGL
= SGL
= Asking for good trumps for game
= 6-5 SI
= choice of games
= 5+-5+ SI
= 5+-5+ SI
1
2
]
]
2
2nt
= Accepting if it is
51
]
]
]
]
3
3
3
3nt
= Accepting if it is but not if it is

= Accepting if it is but not if it is or
= no game ever
= choice of games
1 ] 2nt
1
3
3
3
3nt
4x
]
2nt
= Extras ]3 = RELAY SI ]3 = no SGL ]3 = I don't have a SGL either
]3 = SGL
]3nt= SGL
]3nt= SGL
]4 = SGL
]4 = SGL
]4 = SGL
]3 = GF limited ]3 = RELAY asking SGL ]3nt = No SGL
]3 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]3nt= 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]4 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
= MIN ]3 = RELAY SI ]3 = No SGL
]3 = 5+ GF+
]3nt= SGL
]3nt= 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]4 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
= 4+ normally 6-4 or 5-5
= VOID in x
1 ] 3
1
3
3
3
3nt
4m
]
3
= Asking MAX or 4
= SO
= SGL SI
= SI bal
= SGL m SI
1 ] 3
1
3
3
]
3
= SO
= RELAY asking SGL Normal method of steps
52

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
XX
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 4+
= 8/10 BAL or BAL GI+
= 5+
= 5+
= 3/4 8/10 HCP
= 3 3/7 HCP
= 6+ GF+
= 4+ GF+
= 3+ GI
= 4+ 6/9 HCP UNBAL
= 4 0/4 HCP M
= 4+ 10/13 HCP UNBAL
= good raise to 4 UNBAL
CASE B : Opponent bids 2x

N
2x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2y
2nt
3
3
3x-1
3
3
3nt
= TO or 5+ GF+
= 5+y passable
= 5+ 9+ HCP GI+
= 5+ 9+ HCP GI+
= 4+ GI+
= 3 GI+
=M
= 6+ GI
= 2 natural stops, almost always a SGL
CASE C : Opponent bids 3+

N
]
]
]
3m+
3x
4
4
= 5+x GF+
= 3+ GF+ without cue bid in their suit
= 3+ GF+ with a control in their suit
CASE D : Opponent bids 1

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt+
1 opening
(1)
X
8+, BAL
1NT
5+
2
5+
2
3, 8/10
2
3/4, 3/7
2
5-5, GI+
2NT
12+, 4
3
3+, GI
3
4+, 6/9, sin
3
4, 0/5
3
4+ 10/13sin
3NT
SO
= 8+ HCP perhaps having a 7/10 HCP hand which would have replied 1NT
= 5+
= 5+
= 3 8/10 HCP
= 3/4 3/7 HCP
= 5-5 GI+
= As without interference
(1N)
penalty
5+
3, 8/10
3/4, 3/7
6+, weak
(2)
neg or 5+, GF
(2)
neg or 5+ GF
(2)
TO
5+, 9-11
3/4, 3/9
5+, 9-11
3, GI+
5+, GI+
4+, GI+
4, 0/5
6+, GI
SO
3/4, 3/9
5+, 9-11
5+, GI+
3, GI+
4+, GI+
4, 0/5
6+, GI
SO
5+, GI+
5+, GI+
4+, GI+
4, 0/5
4, sin
SO
53
CASE A : Opponent bids 2x over 1
N
1
X
2nt
3x
3w+
]
P
]
1 ]
= 3 cards in or 16+HCP
= Good-Bad
= 5+-4 GF+
= System ON
2x
CASE B:
Opponent bids 2x over 1nt
1
X
2x+1
2nt
3x
N
1
P
]
P
]
1nt ]
= Strong generally BAL
= System ON
= Good-Bad
= 6+ 8 tricks St? x
]
]
P
P
]
]
1nt
X
2x
]
2x
= PD if can have the suit ( if x = / X= PD ; if x= X= TO )
CASE C : Opponent doubles

N
1
XX
1nt
2+
]
P
]
1 ]
X
= 3 cards with or 16+ HCP
= 16/18 HCP BAL
= System ON
CASE D : Opponent preempts 3+x

N
1
X
]
P
]
1/1nt]
= Strong, generally a misfit
3x
CASE E : Opponent bids 3x over our FIT

N
1
P
X
3
3nt
4x
4
]
P
]
2nt ]
3x
= Nothing to say, or trap-pass
= SGL x
= Ultra MIN
= 6 GF+
= SGL x SI
= Not too strong, average, no desire to penalize
54
1 OPENING
1 ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt = 5/12 HCP

2 =
a) 3+ GF+
b) 6+ 9/11 HCP
2 =
a) 5+ 10+ HCP
b) 6+ 8/10 HCP
2 =
a) 5+ GF+
b) 3/4 3/7 HCP
c) 6+ 9/11 HCP
2 = 3/4 8/10 HCP no SGL
2nt = 4+ GF
3 = 3+ GI
3 = 4+ 6/9 HCP UNBAL
3 = 7 M
3 = 4 0/5 HCP M
3nt = 4+ GF+ VOID
4 = 4+ GF+ VOID
4 = 4+ GF+ VOID
4 = Good raise to 4 with defensive values in
4 = 5 0/5 HCP M
1 ] 1nt
1
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
]
=
1nt
a) 5+-3+ 11/21 HCP
b) 5+ 17+ HCP
= 5+-3+ 11/16 HCP
= 5+-4+ 11/14 HCP
= 6+ 11/14 HCP
= 6+-4 some hand with 4/5 losers , but not more than (19)20 HCP See developments
= 6+ 14/16 HCP
= 6-5 11/14 HCP
= 6-5 11/14 HCP
= 6-5 11/14 HCP
= 7+ to strong for a preempt, generally 5 losers
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
= 1MRR, (7)8+ HCP

= 5 5/9 HCP
= 2 SO
= 5+ SO SGL possibly 4
= 5+ SO possibly 4
= 6 8/10 HCP
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
= 5+ 8/10 HCP SGL
1
2
2
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2nt
= SO
= GI
]2 = 5-4+ 15/16 HCP

]2 = 5-3+ 11/14 HCP
]2nt= 5-3-3-2 16/17 HCP BIL
]3 = 5+-4+ 17+ HCP]3 = GAR
]3 = 5+-4+ 17+ HCP
]3 = 5+-4+ 17+ HCP
]3 = 6+ 17+ HCP
]3nt= 5-3-3-2 18/20 HCP
55
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 5 5/9 HCP
= 2 SO
= 10/11 HCP BAL
= 6+ 4/7 HCP SO almost definitely a SGL
= 4+ 9/11 HCP
= 5+ 9/11 HCP SGL
= 5+ 9/11 HCP SGL
= 5+ 9/11 HCP SGL
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2nt
3
3
3
4
= 2 SO
= 9/11 HCP bal
= 6+ 4/7 HCP SO almost definitely SGL
= 6+ 4/7 HCP SO almost for sure a SGL
= 4+ 8/10 HCP
= Was too weak for direct response 2
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
1nt
3
3
3
= RELAY GF ]3 = 6-4
= 6+ SO
]3 = 6-4
= SO
]3 = 6-4
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
= 11/15 HCP without 4 ]3 = 3 with an honor with 5+ J SI
= 5+-4+ 11/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
]See MIN
= 5+ 16/21 HCP
]See MIN
= 5-4 16/21 HCP
= 6-4 16/21 HCP
= 5-5 16/21 HCP SGL
= 5-5 16/21 HCP SGL
= 5-4-4 16/21 HCP
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
]
2
]
2
= 5+-4+ 11/15 HCP ]2nt= RELAY GAR
]3 = 6+ SI
= 5+ 11/15 HCP
]3 = RELAY ]3 = 6+ with SGL ]3 = Asking
= 5-4 11/14 HCP GAR
]3 = 6+ without SGL
= 6-4 11/14 HCP GAR
]3 = 5-3-3-2 with J
= 5-5 11/14 HCP SGL
]3nt= 5-3-3-2 with L
= 5-5 11/14 HCP SGL
= 5-4-4 11/15 HCP
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
2
2
2nt
3
3
= RELAY SI
= RELAY GF but not SI
= 6+ GF+
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 6-4 not SI
= RELAY
GAR
= RELAY fixes GAR
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 6-4
56
1 ] 2
1
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
]
2
= 10/13 HCP with 2/4 not seeing game if has a MIN
= 5+ MIN and short
= GF ( all the other hands with reverse ) 15+ HCP 2+
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP without 2
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP without 2
= 3/4 13/15 HCP if 4 then 5-4-2-2
= 6+ 16/20 HCP without 2 GF+
= 5-4+ 11/13 HCP SGL
= 5-4+ 11/13 HCP SGL
= 5-5 11/14 HCP SGL
= 5-5 11/14 HCP SGL
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4m
4
4
= 5+-4 GF+ or 5+-3 SI

= 5 GI
= 5+-4 GF+
= 6+ GI or SI generally BAL
= 5-5 GF+
= 5-5 GF+
= Natural SO 5-3-3-2 13/15 HCP
= 6+ SGL m SI
= 6+ SO
= SO
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 5+ GI
= 5-4+ GF+ or values and 16+ HCP
= 5-4+ GF+
= 6+ GF
= 5+-3 GF+
= Natural
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= 5 UNBAL 10+ HCP or 5-3-3-2 14+ HCP

= 6 5/7 HCP or 12+ HCP
= 6 8/11 HCP bal or SGL
= 5+-3 SI
= 5-3-3-2 10/14 HCP
= 6+ 8/11 HCP SGL
= 6+ 8/11 HCP SGL
1
2nt
3
3
3
4m
]
2
]
3
= RELAY
= 5+-3+ GF
= 6+ 17/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 15+ HCP SGL m
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3nt
4
= 5+ 8+ HCP GF+
= 6+ GF
= 5+-3 GF
= 5+ 10/14 HCP St
= 5+-4+ GF+
]3 = 5-4
]3 = 5-4
]3nt= 5-3-3-2 14/16 HCP
]4m = 5-5m
57
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3nt
4
4
= SO
= 5+-3 GF
= 5+ 10/14 HCP
= 5+ natural or 4 suit
= 5+-4+ GF+
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3nt
4
4
= 5+ two top honors SI

= Cue Bid without 2 top honors
= Fixes and Cue Bid a
= Natural with 5+ or fixes and Cue Bid
1
3
]
]
]
]
2
3nt
4
4
= Natural
= Cue Bid with FIT
= Cue Bid with FIT
1 ] 2
1
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
= 11/16 any distribution
= 5+ 17/20 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 5+-4+ 16/21 HCP
= 6+ 16/19 HCP
= 5-3-3-2 (18)19/20 HCP
1
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= 5+ GF+
= 5+-4+ GF
= 6+ 9/11 HCP
= 5-5 GF
= 3-5+ SI
= 5-3-3-2 not SI
= 6-5
= 6-5
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
= 5+-4+ GF
= 5+ GF
= 5+-4 GF
= SO
= SO 5-3-3-2
= 6-5
= 6-5
= SO
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= 5+ SI
= 4 Suit GF
= SO
= Natural
= 5+-4+ SI
= Fixes and Cue Bid
1
3
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
4
4
= Values in with 5+
= SO
= Fixes and Cue bid
= 5+-4+ SI
58
1 ] 2
1
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
2
= Asking in which suit responder would accept an invitation to game
= SGL
= SGL
= SGL
= Asking for good trumps for game
1
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
= Accepting if you have

= Accepting if you have but not if you have
= Accepting if you have but not if you have or
= no game
= Choice of games
1 ] 2nt
1
3
3
3
3nt
4x
]
2nt
= Extras ]3 = RELAY SI ]3 = no SGL ]3 = no SGL either
]3 = SGL
]3nt= SGL
]3nt= SGL
]4 = SGL
]4 = SGL
]4 = SGL
]3 = GF limited ]3 = RELAY asking SGL ]3nt = No SGL
]3 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]3nt= 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]4 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
= MIN ]3 = RELAY SI ]3 = No SGL
]3 = 5+ GF+
]3nt= SGL
]3nt= 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
]4 = 5+ GF+
]4 = SGL
= 4+ normalmente 6-4 or 5-5
= VOID in x
1 ] 3
1
3
3
3
3nt
4m
]
3
= Asking MAX or 4
= SGL SI
= SO
= SI BAL
= SGL m SI
1 ] 3
1
3
3
]
3
= SO
= RELAY asking SGL Normal method of steps
59

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
XX
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 10+ HCP bal forcing to at least 2nt

= 5+
= 5+
= 5+
= 3/4 8/10 HCP
= 3/4 3/7 HCP
= 4+GF
= 3+ GI
= 4+ 6/9 HCP UNBAL
= 4+ 10/13 HCP UNBAL
= 4 0/4 HCP M
= Good raise to 4
CASE B : Opponent bids 2x

N
2x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2y
2nt
3
3
3x-1
3
3
3nt
= 5+y passable
= 5+ 9+ HCP GI+
= 5+ 9+ HCP GI+
= (5)6+ GI+
= 3 GI+
= 4+ GI+
= 4 M
= To play
CASE C : Opponent bids 3m+

N
3m+ ]
]
]
3x
4
4
1 opening
(1N)
X
penalties
2
5+
2
5+
2
3+, 8/10
2
3/4, 3/7
2NT
5+
3
3
3
3
4, 0/5
3NT
= 5+x GF+
= 3+ GF+ without control in their suit
= 3+ GF+ with a control in their suit
(2)
neg or 5+ GF
(2)
neg or 5+ GF
(2)
neg, bal
(3)
TO
5+, 9-11
5+, 9-11
3/4, 3/9
3, GI+
5+, GI+
6+, GI+
4+, GI+
4, 0/5
SO
5+, 9-11
3/4, 3/9
5+, GI+
3, GI+
6+, GI
4, GI+
4, 0/5
SO
3/4, 3/9
5+, GI+
5+, GI+
3, GI+
4, GI+
4, 0/5
SO
5+, GF
5+, GF
3/4, GI
SO
CASE A : Opponents interfere with 2/3x
N
1
X
2x+1
2nt
3x
]
P
]
1nt
= Strong
= System ON
= Good-Bad
= 6+ 8 tricks St? x
2x
60
1 ]
P
X
= PD
2x+ = Natural
N
1
P
X
3
N
1
X
P
N
1
X
N
1
P
X
3
3nt
4x
4
2x
]
P
]
2 ]
2/3x
= Interrogative , similar to the response of 2 without interference
= Shows exactly 3 or any reverse
= 5-4
]
P
]
2 ]
= Strong
= Normally 11/15 HCP
E
]
P
]
2
= GI generally BAL
E
2/3x
3x
]
P
]
2nt ]
3x
= Interrogative forcing or waiting to pass a reopening double
= SGL in x
= Ultra MIN
= 6+ GF+
= SGL in x good hand SI
= To play, not too strong, but distributional
CASE B : Opponent preempts 3+x

N
1
X
]
P
]
1nt ]
= Strong, generally balanced
3x
61
1NT OPENING
1nt ]
2 =
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
4
4nt
Puppet to 2
a) 5+ 0+ HCP
b) 5+-4M, GF
c) 4/5M, GI
d) 6+, GI
= 5+ 0+ HCP
= 5+ 0+ HCP
= RELAY, asks for MIN/MAX, 8-9 HCP or SI with 6+M
=
a) 6+ 0+ HCP or
b) GF, 5+-4M or 5-4+
= GF, sin , 3-suited (4441 / 5440 / 5431) or 6+m and sin
= GF, sin , 3-suited
= natural
= 6+ GF not SI
= 6+ GF not SI
= 6+ GF I am playing it!
= 6+ GF I am playing it!
= Quantitative 4-3-3-3 15/16 HCP
The 1NT complex is from Ron Klinger's: "Bid Better, Much Better" and is called "Keri over 1NT".
We still follow the AMBRA rule that an impossible suit asks for a stopper.
1nt
] 2 (Keri over 1nt)
1nt ]
2
2 = obligatory
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
pas
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
]
2
= MIN, 3 or 4-3-3-3
= MIN, 2-4
= MIN, 2-3
= MIN, good values, 4
= MAX, any 4-3-3-3
]3=4c supp?
= MAX, 3 and doubleton
= MAX, 2-4
= MAX, 2-3
= MAX, 4 and a doubleton
2
pas
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 5+ 0/7 HCP
= 4/5 8/9 HCP
= 4/5 8/9 HCP
= RELAY, GF, see developments
= 6 7/8 HCP
= 6 7/8 HCP
= 5+-4 GF
= 5+-4 GF
= 5-3-3-2, SI, passable
62
1nt
2
pas
2nt
3
3
3
3nt
4
]
2
]
2
= MIN, 3/4
= MIN 2
= MIN, good values, 3/4
= MAX 4-3-3-3
= MAX, 2/3
1nt
2
3
]
2
]
2nt
= 5m or 4-4
3
3
3
= any 4-3-3-3
= 4
= 4
]3 RELAY
]3/=4/-2-3-3
1nt
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
] 2
2
pas = 5+ 0/7
2 = 5+-4 GF
2nt = 5+-4m, GF!!! see developments
3m = 5+-5+m, GF
3 = 6+, GI
1nt ]
2
2 ]
2nt
3 = 2, sin?
3 = 3/4, SI?
]3 = sin
]3 = sin
]3 = sin
]3nt = 5-4-2-2, no SI
]4 = 2-5-2-4, SI
]4 = 2-5-4-2, SI
]3 = 5-4, SI
]3 = 5-4, SI
]4 = no SI
3 = MAX, 3/4, no 4m
4 = MIN, 3/4
1nt
1nt
2
] 2
2
pas= 2/4 MIN
2nt = 5-4m, GF!!!! see developments
3x = 5-5x, GF
]3 = 5
]3 = 5
]3nt = 4-4
63
1nt
2
2
2nt
3 = 2, sin?
3 = 3/4, SI?
]3 = sin
]3 = sin
]3 = sin
]3nt = 5-4-2-2, no SI
]4 = 5-2-2-4, SI
]4 = 5-2-4-2, SI
]3 = 5-4, SI
]3 = 5-4, SI
]4 = no SI
3 = MAX, 3/4, no 4m
4 = MIN, 3/4
1nt
1nt
2nt
3
] 2
]
2
= MIN
= MAX
Responder can now bid his suit with a powerful one-suiter: good 6+ card and SI.
1nt
1nt
3
]
]
]
]
]
] 2nt
2nt
pas = 6+, 0/7
3 = GF both minors
3 = 5+ 4
3 = 5+ 4
] 3///
1nt
Further bidding is natural, opener tries to find a fit by bidding 4card M or bids 3nt.
1nt
] 4
1nt
] 4
REQUIREMENTS : One-suited 6+
1nt ]
4
4 = You play it!
4 = SO
REQUIREMENTS : One-suited 6+
1nt ]
4
4 = You play it!
4 = SO
INTERFERENCE OVER 1NT

CASE A : Opponent doubles for penalty
64
1nt
= Forces XX to show :
XX
= forces 2 to show :
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
2
2nt
3x
= 4+-4+/ weak
= 4+-4+ weak
= Natural, weak
= Natural, weak
= Two-suited somewhere 5-5 GF
= Preempt
a) Desire to play 1NT-XX

b) 4+-4+/ weak
c) One-suited GF forcing to the 3 level
a) Weak one-suiter with or
b) 4+-4+ weak
c) 4-4-4-1 with SGL in a minor
d) One-suited GI, forcing to 3 level
NB : if the bidding goes like : 1nt ] X ] P ] 2x opener doubles with 4 and something in their suit and can double 2 by the
opponents with both minors
Weak 4-3-3-3 hands can be described as you please
CASE B : Opponent doubles for artificial TO, for example DONT or showing 2 unknown suits or something else!
N
1nt
]
]
]
XX = Always shows a weak hand with 5+x and forces opener to bid 2
P
= Could be strong if followed by a double, which is TO
Other bids are as per system ( System ON )
CASE C : Opponent interferes with 2x ( Natural or two-suiter )

N
1nt
N
1nt
X
2x
]
]
X
= TO
2y+ = RUBENSOHL ON
S
]
2x ]
P
]
P
= TO almost certainly 2 small cards in x and a MAX
CASE D : Opponent interferes TEXAS style 2/2

N
1nt
1nt
]
]
]
]
X
P
2
2+
]
]
]
]
X
P
2
2nt+
= 4+ 7+ HCP if MIN then useful cards

= Nothing to say, but if followed by X then penalty
= GF+ bal possibly 4
= Rubensohl ON
= 5 7+ HCP
= Nothing to say, but if later X, it's penalty
= GF+ bal possibly 4
= Rubensohl ON
CASE E : Opponent overcalls 2 Multi

N
1nt
]
]
]
P
= Nothing to say, else later penalty double
X
= TO 8+ HCP
2+ = Rubensohl ON
CASE A : Opponent interferes with double over our 2 puppet showing
N
1nt
P
2
XX
]
P
]
= 2
= 3+, MIN
= 3+, MAX
CASE B : Opponent bids 2 of a suit over our 2 puppet

N
1nt
X
]
P
]
2 ]
2x
= TO generally 4 cards in the other major
65
1nt
P
]
]
P
P
]
]
]
]
2
X
2y+
2nt
]
2x
= TO
= 4/5y GI
= Invitational with a stop
CASE C : After a Transfer 2/ and opponent doubles or bids a suit

Opener completes the transfer with a good fit if wants to play the hand or XX's with a good hand with fit but no interest in playing
the hand
After X or interference of a suit, 2nt always shows a FIT + stop invitational to 3nt , whereas the double is TO and shows a FIT
CASE D : Opponent reopens with a double showing points, and other opponent sits for it
N
1nt
P
]
]
P
P
]
]
]
]
P
XX
2
2
]
X
= SOS generally 4-4
= 5
= 5
CASE E :
Opponent balances with a suit or two-suiter
1nt
P
N
1nt
P
]
]
]
]
P
P
E
P
2y
]
]
P
X
]
]
P
X
]
2x
= Natural , two-suited
= TO 5/7 useful HCP
W
]
2x
= Landy or Texas
= TO 5/7 HCP useful HCP
66
2 OPENING
Possible hands :
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
]
=
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
a) bal 23+ HCP

b) 4M-5+m GF+
c) 6+m GF+
d) 4-4-4-1 GF+
= RELAY
= 5+
= 5+
= (5)6+
= (5)6+
= 5+-5+ 0+ HCP
= 5m-4om SGL weak
= 5m-4om SGL weak
= 5+m-5+om weak
= 7 with A or KJ or QJ10
= 7 with A or KJ or QJ10
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
2
a) 4-5+m
b) 4-4-4-1 SGL M (high shortage 1st!)
c) bal 25+ HCP
=
a) 4-5+m
b) 4-4-4-1 SGL m
= bal 23/24 HCP See opening of 2nt
= 6+ Continuations natural
= 6+ Continuations natural
= St? for 3nt
= St? for 3nt
= 9/10 tricks with all stoppers
2
2
2nt
3m
3
3
]
2
]
2 = RELAY forcing !!
= bal 25+ HCP See opening of 2nt
= 4-5+m Continuations natural
= 4-4-4-1 SGL
= 4-4-4-1 SGL
2
2
3m
3
3
]
2
]
2nt = RELAY practically forcing
= 4-5+m Continuations natural
= 4-4-4-1 SGL
= 4-4-4-1 SGL
2
2
2nt
]
2
= RELAY with FIT Continuations natural
= RELAY without FIT
2
2nt
]
2
= RELAY Continuations natural
67
2 OPENING
Possible hands :
a) 6 5/10 HCP
b) 5+ 21+ HCP or 4- losers
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
2nt
= MAX, no sin
= MIN
= MED, no sin
= MAX, sin
= AKQxxx
= 6-4, GF
= 6-4, GF
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
=RELAY, not forcing

=5+, not forcing
=RELAY, GI+
=6+, F1
=6+, F1
=M
a 3 = relay
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
= 5-4x See developments
= 6+-4x GI+
= 6+
= 5-4 GF
= 5-5 GF
= 5-5 GF
= 9/10 winners with all suits stopped
2
2
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
3
3
a 3 = no sin
a 3 = sin
a 3nt = sin
] 2
= 4+
]3 = 3+
= 4+
]3 = 3+
= 4+
]3 = 3+
= 3 and at least one cover card
Completing the TEXAS always indicates at least 3 cards in the suit , and other bids are descriptive and show MAX 2 cards in the suit
of partner
68
2 OPENING
Possible hands :
a) 5+ GF
b) 6 5/10 HCP
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
2nt
= MAX, no sin
= MIN
= MAX, sin
= MED, no sin
= AKQxxx
= 6-4, GF
= 6-4, GF
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
=RELAY, not forcing

=RELAY, GI+
=6+, F1
=6+, F1
=6+, F1
=M
a 3 = relay a 3 = no sin
a 3 = sin
a 3nt = sin
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
]
2
= 5+-4x See developments
= 6+
= 5-5 GF+
= 5-5 GF+
= 5-5 GF+
= 9/10 tricks with all suits stopped
2
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
= 4+ ]3 = 3+
= 4+ ]3 = 3+
= 4+ ]3 = 3+
= 3 and at least one cover card
] 2
69
2 OPENING
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
= RELAY F1
= SO
= SO
= 5+ F1
= 5+ F1
= SO
= Preempt
= Preempt
2 ] 3
2
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
4
]
3
= 5+-4 F1 ]3 = RELAY
= 5+-4 SGL GF
= 5+-4 SGL GF
= 5-5 GF passable ]4/ = Fixing trumps
= 6-5 GF
]4/ = 6+/ suggesting the contract
= 6-5 GF
= 5-5 SGL monster hand
2 ] 2nt
2
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
4
4
4
]
2nt
= MIN ]3 = SO
]3/ = St? /
= MAX ]3/ = St? /
= 5+m-4om SGL GF
]4m = Fixes trumps SI
= 5+m-4om SGL GF
]3nt= SO
= 5-5 GF ]4/ = Fixes trumps
= 6-5 GF
]4/ = 6+/ suggesting the contract
= 6-5 GF
]3 = SGL
]3nt= SGL passable
]4 = 5-4 SGL very strong
]4 = 6+-4 SGL very strong
70
2NT opening or overcall

2N a 3 = puppet Stayman, responder has 3/4 card M
a 3 = transfer
a 3 = transfer
a 3 = transfer for
a 3N = 5-4, NF
a 4 = transfer
a 4 = transfer, SI
a 4 = transfer, SI
a 4N = 5-4, NF, SI
2NT
2N a 3
3 = 4c M see development
3 = 5
3 = 5
3N = no 4/5 M
a 4= minors?
2N
3
a 3
a 3 = 4
a 3 = 4
a 3N = no 4M
a 4 = minors?
a 4 = 4-4
_ 3
a 4 = 5m
a 4 = 2-3-4-4
a 4 = 3-2-4-4
a 4nt = 3-3-4-3 or 3-3-3-4
a 4r
a 4 = 4-3 minors
a 4 = 4-2
a 4 = 4-2
a 4nt = no 4m
a 4r
2NT
a 5nt = relay
_ 3
2N a 3
3 = normal accept
3 = 4, cue
3N = 5-2 a 4 = OK, cue
4 = 4, cue
a 4 = re-transfer
4 = 4, cue
a 4 = transfer to
a 4N = OK, turbo
2NT
a 4 = 5
a 4nt = 5
_ 3
2N a 3
3 = normal accept
3N = 5-2 a 4 = OK, cue
4 = 4, cue
a 4 = transfer to (possible cue)
4 = 4, cue
a 4 = re-transfer to
4 = 4, cue
a 4 = OK, cue
a 4N = OK, turbo
a 4 = 4
a 4nt = 4
71
3NT OVERCALL
When our side bids 3nt after an opponent's preempt we use TEXAS as invitation to slam .
4
4
4
4
4nt
= SO or raise to 4nt
]4 = Extra values
]4 = Normale response New suit is SO while 4nt is quantitative . If I bid
their suit, then I have a two-suiter at least 5-5
= (5)6+ SI Continuations natural
= (5)6+ SI Continuations natural
= (5)6+ SI
= (5)6+ SI
TEXAS into their suit shows SGL in the suit 4-4-4-1 or 5-4-3-1, SI
72
APPENDICES
GAR
Every time that opener or responder shows a two-suiter one utilizes the structure called GAR:
as a RELAY one adopts the first step, and responses are :
]
3 = 5-4
]
3 = 6-4
When 5-5 or 5-4-4 are possible , then :
]
3 = 5-5 SGL high
]
3 = 5-5 SGL low
]
3nt = 5-4-4
Over responses of 3 and 3 one can make a further RELAY:
1 STEP = generic RELAY
2 STEP = RELAY + fixes the higher suit
The response to this RELAY are :
1 STEP = 2-2
2 STEP = SGL high
3 STEP = SGL low
In the cases in which the HCP range of the two-suite is not yet determined :
]
3 = 5-4 11/15 HCP
]
3 = 6-4 11/21 HCP
]
3 = 5-4-2-2 16/21 HCP
]
3 = 5-4 16/21 HCP SGL high
]
3nt = 5-4 16/21 HCP SGL low
After the response of 3 and the successive RELAY 3 we respond :
1 STEP = 11/15 HCP SGL high
2 STEP = 11/15 HCP SGL low
3 STEP = 16/21 HCP SGL high
4 STEP = 16/21 HCP SGL low
CHECKBACK STAYMAN
When opener rebids 1nt even over interference we use two conventional rebids 2 and 2 . 2 is a puppet to 2 in order to play 2
or it initiates an invitational sequence . 2 is always a GF RELAY that asks distribution
Let's see the structure :
1m
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1M
2
2
2M
2OM
= PUPPET to 2
= RELAY GF
= 5+M (7)-(10) HCP
=
a) if M is 5+-4 no game
b) if M is 4-4 10/12 HCP
2nt = 2ntT See continuations
3m = 4M-5+m GI
3om = 5M-4m GF, sin m
3M = 6+M J GF
3OM =
a) if M is 1-5-4m GF
b) if M is 1-5-4m GF
3nt = Natural
73
CONTINUATIONS AFTER 2
1m
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1M
2
P
= 4M-5+ 5/9 HCP
2M = 5M 10/11 HCP
2OM =
a)
if M is 5-4/5 9/11 HCP
b)
if M is 5-4 10/11 HCP
2nt = 10/11 HCP BAL
3m = 5M-4+m 9/11 HCP
3om = 5M-5om 9/11 HCP
3M = 6+M 9/11 HCP
3OM =
a)
if OM is 5-5 9/11 HCP
b)
if OM is 6-5 9/11 HCP
CONTINUATIONS AFTER 2
1m
1nt
]
]
1M
2
Priority :
a)
Bid 4a other major
b)
Raise with 3a in responder's suit
c)
Rebid a bad six-card suit
d)
Show 5-4
e)
Bid 2nt
Particular sequences :
1m
1nt
2x
]
]
]
]
]
1M
2
2M
2nt
3y
3M
= weak 5+M useful hand for NT

= Asking for further info ( e.g. : Do you have 4a ? )
=
a) if a jump: 6M with SGL y SI
b) if not a jump: 5M-4y GF
= 6+M L if the bid is not available at the 2 level
We use CHKBCK even after 1]1]1nt and 1]1]1nt

1
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1nt
2
2
2nt
3m
]
1
]
2
= 5 J
= 3
= Nothing special
= 3 with a solid stopper in m and bad doubleton in the om
1
1nt
2
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
1
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
= 10/11 HCP with 4+ and 3

= 5 10/11 HCP
= 4 10/11 HCP
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 5-5 9/11 HCP
= 6 9/11 HCP
= 5-4 10/11 HCP

= 5-4 10/11 HCP
= 4/5 10/11 HCP
= 4/5-5 9/11 HCP
= 6 10/11 HCP
1
1nt
2
2
2nt
3
]
1
]
2
= 4 possibly 4
= 4
= 4-3-3-3 or 5 L
= 5 J
74
'2ntT' STRUCTURE
Applies after a 1-over-1 response and opener rebids:
1 or
1nt or
his own minor or
responder's minor.
A subsequent 2nt rebid my responder is 2ntT (see diagrams for examples).
This convention forces opener to bid 3 over which responder can :
a)
Pass with 4x-6+ ( Exceptionally with 3+ if opener has shown )
b)
Bid a new suit at 3 level showing 5-5 GF
c)
Repeat one's own suit with 5x-5 GF
d)
Bid 3nt showing solid or near solid suit, and light SI
e)
Make a cue-bid with a solid or semisolid suit and strong SI
f)
FIT 4 in 2 suit of partner SI with SGL Bid it at the four-level
TURBO CONVENTION
RKCB is practically discarded by the system, substituting instead TURBO
How does it work ?
After the trump suit has been set, all the bids are Cue Bids and 4nt represents a BYPASS . When the bidding approaches 4NT one
bids 4nt if one possesses and even number of keycards ( 4 Aces + King of trump) 0/2/4 while BYPASSING 4nt with an odd number
of keycards 1/3/5.
To play the small slam requires four keycards, and the grand requires all five.
The problem is that only one of the players has a count on the keycards , therefore if all the keycards are present then one needs to
transmit this information to partner by continuing to cue-bid.
When trumps are fixed in a major suit at the 3 level then 3nt becomes TURBO and a successive 4nt shows the Q of trumps
When a minor is fixed below 3nt and one of the two partner's goes above 3nt, 4 of the fixed minor becomes TURBO
THE COMPETITIVE AUCTION AFTER AN OPENING

General rules we adopt over all openers :
a) Use in competition of the convention Good-Bad 2NT
b) Redouble by responder is GF
c) Double with a raise ( only at the 2-level) which shows exactly 3 in partner's suit or a strong hand
d) The direct cue-bid is always two-suited if made by responder , while if made by opener shows a FIT in partner's suit but might
not have a singleton in the cued suit, especially if made at the 2-level
e) The jump-cue shows a splinter, with a FIT
f) Over two-suited intervention the cue of the 1available suit shows a FIT for opener's suit and is at least invitational , while the
cue-bid of the 2 suit shows 5+ carte in the remaining suit, and is GF at least
g) The double and then raise , at the two or three level , in opener's suit by his partner shows a limit hand with 9/11 HCP ; while the
double then raise to four of a minor is always GF !
h) The cue of an enemy suit after we have both shown a suit shows a FIT in the last bid suit , a strong hand and certainly a SGL in
their suit; while whenever both have shown a suit the double followed by a cue is invitational to play in NT
i) The jump to 2nt after our opening and interference at the one-level shows a FIT in the opening suit at least 4 and 10+ HCP . In
the cases of the opening 1 or 1 , 2nt promises something in the enemy suit , while over the opening 1 , 2nt shows only
points and aFIT
j) When the opponents interfere in a suit we use the concepts of RUBENSOHL , therefore the bid of a new suit at the 2 level after
opener has bid and enemy interference by RHO shows at least a 5 suit , but generally 6 , and is passable , and this shows at
maximum 10 HCP but might not be passed. Therefore if one is strong with at least a 5 card major one needs first to double and
then show the suit the next round . From 2nt up are all transfers, at least invitational, with generally at least a 6-card suit.
k) Use of RUBENSOHL every time with 1nt opener and natural interference, sometimes even at the two-level ( 1nt]2= Natural
]Rubensohl ) . This convention one uses even after an opening 1// and jump interference of 2// understanding that
opener often has a balanced 12/14HCP
WORKINGS OF RUBENSOHL
Rubensohl adopts the following rules used in practically all situations :
Double is generally STAYMAN over interference of a minor ; over major suit interference it is optional and shows
at least 8/11 HCP generally with a useful hand
The response 2 of a suit is natural and competitive, but not forcing ( could have just 3 HCP )
The responses 2nt/3// are all TEXAS including the cue-bid of their suit
75
The TEXAS responses can be:
a) Strong or weak, if the suit was not biddable at the 2 -level
b) Strong or intermediate, but not weak if the suit was biddable at the 2-level
Response of 3 is a natural 5-card suit GF, without a stopper
3nt is natural, with a stop
TEXAS cue-bid assumes many meanings . Basically partner completes the transfer without a Stop while making a descriptive bid
with a stop
EXCEPTION : If the opps have shown spades then the response 3 shows an invitational hand with
while the response 3 shows a GF bal hand , 4
The transfer cue is STAYMAN which is used to look for at least one 4a major or a stop in their suit. Partner responds :
a) Completes the transfer I DON'T have a stopper, but could still have a 4 card major ! Now responder starts looking
for a fit in a suit knowing the lack of a stopper.
b) Bid a major I have a stop, and this four-card major
If partner of opener has shown a hand at least invitational the simple completion of the TEXAS tells partner to pass in the case of an
invitational hand. Therefore opener with a maximum or a good fit FIT should not just complete the TEXAS but look for another
descriptive bid
We provide an example, in closing :
N
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= STAYMAN but not GF , perhaps 6/9 HCP with 4-4 possibly 6 7/9 HCP
= 5+ Natural competitive
= 5+ Natural competitive
= TEXAS for Weak or Strong
= Cue TEXAS, GF bal
= 5+ GI or GF
= 5+ GI or GF
= 5 GF without a stopper in
= Natural
DESCRIPTION OF GOOD-BAD 2NT CONVENTION

1) When is it used ? Whenever one is in a competitive situation at the 2-level and our RHO has not passed, so has bid a suit or
doubled or redoubled ( ATTENTION and it isn't a forced bid ) . For the moment we only use it when our side has opened.
2) Why ? It shows a minimum, but unbalanced hand ( like if two-suited at least 5-5 or one-suited with a good 6+ cards but weak in
points) ; one should not bid it with just 5-4 if partner has not promised the suit ( e.g. after 1-1- X = shows 4 most of the time)
3) How does responder bid in response to the convention ? If not possessing a GF hand bid what gets you to the best partial :
always bid a suit lower or equal to opener's suit. If you happen to have a GF hand, cue-bid to show a generally balanced hand with
interest in playing 3nt but without a stop in the opponent's suit . Else one can show one's own suit of at least five-cards and force to
at least game
4) What does this imply ? It implies that all bids at the 3-level ( including repeating opener's suit ) are always constructive and in
the case of partner having already doubled (showing a strong hand), is GF
2 RELAY
After openings of 1 or 1 and responses of 1 or 1 responder can make a RELAY of 2 ; opener rebids :
2 = 3 raise of partner's suit, MIN or MAX
2 = No raise and MIN
2 = No raise UNBAL MAX
2nt = No raise BAL MAX
RULES :
Opener goes past the four steps only with particular hands. If opener has shown support, a cheap rebid is not forcing. Over the 2 and
3 steps the RELAY is always the next step . If opener has shown a MAX all bids are GF . Responder, in order to show a hand with
slam interest must go through the RELAY !!
EXCEPTION : One can show slam interest by raising the 2 suit of opener to the three-level or jumping to the 3-level in ones own
suit after having been given a raise.
76
OVERCALLS
SUIT OVERCALL
When we overcall with 1 of a suit we do so in a constructive manner and partner takes us for 9/12 HCP , therfore all the responses
may be invitational .
N
1x
]
]
]
]
]
]
1y = 4+y possibly with a longer minor

1nt = 15/17 HCP BAL
2w = (5)6+w 10+ HCP
2y = 6y 5/10 HCP Continuations as after 1]2/ or after an opening weak two
GHESTEM
3y = 7y M
RULE: When the overcall is "exclusive" (skips one or two suits) then responder uses transfers from the cue upwards.
Let's see some continuations
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
N
]
]
]
]
2
2
2
3
W
2
2
3
3
W
2
3
3
3
= NATURAL FORCING 7/9 HCP 6+ and 0/1 or 10+ HCP 5+

= NATURALE FORCING 7/9 HCP 6+ and 0/1 or 10+ HCP 5+
= FIT 10+ HCP or 15+ HCP balanced
= 3+ with ace or king and less than 9/10 HCP
= TRANSFER for
= TRANSFER for
= TRANSFER for
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
W
2
2
2
3
= 9/13 HCP balanced with Stop in enemy suit

= FIT 3 and 10+ HCP or 13+HCP balanced
= 3 4/10 HCP ( with major honor if 4/6 HCP )
= FIT 4 11+ HCP]3= SGL with 9- HCP]3 = R ]3 = high
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = mid
]3 = 9- HCP NSGL
]3nt= low
]3nt= 12/14 HCP
]cue bid = 15+HCP ( or equivalent)
= FIT 4 9/11 HCP
= TRANSFER for
77
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2
3
3
= TRANSFER for
= TRANSFER for
= FIT A 10+ HCP or 15+ HCP balanced
1nt = 9/13 HCP balanced with Stop in enemy suit

1 = NATURAL FORCING perhaps 4
2 = NATURAL FORCING 7/9 HCP 6+ and 0/1 or 10+ HCP 5+
2 = FIT 3 and 10+ HCP or 14+ HCP balanced
2 = 3 4/10 HCP ( with major honor if 4/6 HCP )
2nt = FIT 4 11+ HCP ]3 = SGL with 9- HCP]3 = R ]3 = high
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = mid
]3 = 9- HCP NSGL
]3nt= low
]3nt = 12/14 HCP
]cue bid = 15+HCP ( or equivalent )
3 = FIT 4 9/11 HCP
W
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
W
2
2
2
3
= 9/13 HCP balanced with stop in enemy suit

= TRANSFER for
= FIT 3 and 10+ HCP or 14+ HCP balanced
= FIT 4 11+ HCP ]3 = SGL with 9- HCP]3 = R ]3 = high
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = mid
]3 = 9- HCP NSGL
]3nt= low
]3nt= 12/14 HCP
]cue bid = 15+HCP ( or equivalent )
= FIT 4 9/11 HCP
= TRANSFER for
= TRANSFER for
= FIT a 10+ HCP or 15+ HCP balanced
1nt = 9/13 HCP balanced with Stop in enemy suit

2 = FIT 10+ HCP or 14+ HCP balanced
2 = 3 with ace or king and less than 9/10 HCP
2nt = natural 15/16 HCP with double stop in
W
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
1
2
2
2
2nt

= NATURAL FORCING perhaps 4
= TRANSFER to
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = mid
]3 = 9- HCP NSGL
]3nt= low
]3nt = 12/14 HCP
= FIT 4 9/11 HCP
78
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt

= transfer to
= transfer to
]3 = 9/11 HCP
]3 = mid
]3 = 9- HCP NSGL
]3nt= low
]3nt = 12/14 HCP
= FIT 4 9/11 HCP
RULES FOR RESPONDING TO THE OVERCALL

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Up to the cue they are F1

Starting at the cue, all bids are competitive or strong
NT bids remain natural
Jump shifts indicate a 6-card suit and are invitational
Jumping to 2nt over 1/ is conventional ( ) and shows a FIT at least 4 and points
RULES FOR OVERCALLER

OVER A NATURAL RESPONSE F1
1) One rebids naturally , repeating one's suit is the weakest bid
2) NT bids show a stopper and normal hand
3) Cue indicates a MAX and FIT nearly always, for partner's suit
4) The raise shows a normal hand with a FIT
5) Jump cue is a SPLINTER and with at least 3 to an honor (much better 4 ) or 4 small cards and a decent hand
6) New suits denote a good hand, canape if 1M then 3m , and long-short if 1M then 2m, and if 2m and then 2M it is a
distributional hand with not too many points only if the major could have been bid at the 1-level.
RESPONDING TO THE TRANSFER
1) Completing the TRANSFER indicates a normal hand in general with a minimum FIT, or one can repeat a 6-card suit or bid a
new suit
2) Jump-change of suit is SPLINTER in a MAX with FIT with honor 3 or with 4 small
3) The change of suit indicates a normal hand, with or without a FIT
4) 2nt shows a bal hand MAX with stop without a great FIT
5) The cue shows a MAX with FIT
6) Jump cue shows a MAX with a great FIT and SGL in opener's suit
RULES FOR THE RESPONDER

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
After completing the TRANSFER the change of suit indicates a good hand
Bidding NT indicates a good hand with a stop indicano una bella mano with stop
The raise shows an invitational hand
The cue asks for a stop , but if followed by a raise shows a control
If overcaller does not complete the TRANSFER repeating the suit shows a weak hand
IF OPENER'S PARTNER DOES NOT PASS

CASE A : Opener's partner offers a raise
EX.
N
1x
]
1y ]
2x ]
?
1x
]
2y ]
2x ]
?
In this case we apply RUBENSOHL , which means the suits at the 2-level are competive to play while 2nt and above are
all TRANSFER competitive invitational and forcing . The double in this situation shows the desire to compete somewhere, without a
great fit for partner.
CASE B : Opener's partner bids NT
EX.
N
1x
]
1y ]
1nt ]
?
1x
]
2y ]
2nt ]
?
We still use RUBENSHOL, but that the double is now penalty
CASE C : Opener's partner bids a new suit
79
EX.
N
1x
]
1y ]
1z
]
?
1x
]
1y ]
2z
]
?
1x
]
2y ]
2z
]
?
In this case we use RUBENSHOL ; the double remains TO showing a hand of at least 8/10 HCP without a great FIT in partner's suit
and confirms a four-card suit , usually five , if the new suit was not forcing ; but if the change of suit is forcing the double assumes a
conventional meaning: FIT 3 in partner's suit and strength in a 4 suit
What meaning could the extra cue have now?
We agree that the cue of the first suit shows a FIT 3 with points while the cue of the second suit shows FIT 4 and points.
EX.
N
1x
1y
1z
]
]
]
]
2x
2y
2z
3y-1
= three-card raise, 9/10+ HCP

= Normal competitive raise
= 4+ card raise, 9/10+ HCP
= Mixed 4-card raise, 7/9 HCP
From 2nt and up we use the concepts of RUBENSHOL

EX.
N
1x
1y
2z
]
]
]
]
]
]
2x
= 3-card raise 9/10+ HCP if there isn't space at the 2-level this hand goes through double
2y
= Normal competitive raise: 3card, 6/9 HCP
1a cue available via TRANSFER = at least 4card raise and 9/10+ HCP
2a cue available via TRANSFER = mixed raise, 4card in y, 7/9 HCP
3x-1 = mixed 4card raise, 7/9 HCP
3y
=M
In general we don't go to the 3-level voluntarily with only an 8-card FIT; if there is space for an economic cue at the 2-level we use it
with 10+ HCP and the 3 raise goes through the double first
From 2nt up one uses RUBENSHOL but with a particularity with the cue-bid TRANSFER
an example to better understand :
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
= TO not with 3
= raise with 3 (9)10+ HCP
= 5+ NF
= normal competitive raise
= 4+ 10+ HCP
= mixed raise 4 7/9 HCP
= TRANSFER 6+ GI or GF
=M
Another example :
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
= TO possibly 3
= Normal
= 5+ NF
= 4+ 10+ HCP
= 4 7/9 HCP
=
=M
Another
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2
2nt
3
3
= TO
= 3+ 10+ HCP
= 5+ NF
= (3)4 7/9 HCP
=M
= 6+ GI +
80
If not yet understood ..

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2nt
3
3
= Natural
= 3 (9)10+ HCP
= 5+ NF
= Normal
= 4+ 10+ HCP
= 4 7/9 HCP
= 6+ GI+
and finally
N
= TO can be 3
= Normal
= 5(6)+ GI+
= 4+ GI+
= 4 7/9 HCP
CASE D : Opener's partner gives an negative double

ES.
N
1x
]
1y ]
X
]
?
1x
]
2y ]
X
]
?
The redouble shows a major honor in partner's suit
All new suits at the 1 or 2 level are weak and misfit in partner's suit
From 2nt up is RUBENSOHL but with a particularity in the cue-bid TRANSFER .
The bid of 1nt can have two meanings : 1) Natural 2) weak misfit and other two suits
CASE E : Opener's partner cue-bids the overcall
In this case we use the inverted double: double = I don't have top honors; pass = I have a major honor
From 2nt up we use Rubensohl asking for the lead in the shown suit. An example to understand better:
N
]
]
]
pass = I have at least a major honor

X
= I don't have a major honor
2nt = Asks for a lead (could perhaps have a FIT )
CASE A : Reopening with 1 of a suit
N
1x
P
1x
X
1x
1nt
1x
2x
1x
2w
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
1nt
2x
2w
]
P
]
1y
= As in 2a position 9/13 HCP
= Opening strength with 4+x
= 5+w NF
P
]
P
]
1y
XX = Opening strength with 4+x F1
1nt+ = As if opener had passed
P
]
P
]
1y
X
= PD 4+x and opening strength
2+ = RUBENSOHL ON
P
]
P
]
1y
X
= PD
2x+ = RUBENSOHL ON
E
P
X
2z
2nt+
]
P
]
1y
= Opening strength with 4+x
= 5+z NF
= RUBENSOHL ON
CASE B : In the cases of not reopening

We could adopt the same responses in 2a position
81
1x
P
1x
P
1x
1x
1x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
1nt
2x
2y
2w
2nt+
P
2w
2x
2nt+
E
]
1y ]
1z
= As in 2a position
= 3z GI+
= 4+z GI+
= 5+w NF
= RUBENSOHL ON
]
1y ]
2z
= 5+w NF
= 3+z GI+
= RUBENSOHL ON
]
1y
1nt
2x
]
]
1z
1nt
]
]
]
2x
2y
2nt
]
]
]
]
X
2x
2y
2nt
]
]
]
X
2y
2nt
= 4+z Normal
= 4-4+ in the remaining suits
Exception : over 1m]1]1nt
= 5-5 in the remaining suits
= 5+y natural
= 6-4 in the remaining suits
= 5-4om
= TO
= 5-5 including any unbid majors
= (5)6+y 10/15 HCP
= 5-5 in lowest unbid suits
= TO tolerance for the 3 other suits

= 5+y Normal
= Playable in 2 suits , like TO but not playable in 3 suits .
After 1]P]2]2nt= 5-4+m and at least opening strength
RESPONSES TO THE TAKE-OUT DOUBLE

Our TO X guarantees at least 7 cards in the majors over opener's minor while over opener's major shows at least 3 cards in the other
major
Therefore the double could be 5-4 minors with 3 cards in the other major and obviously these hands are not that strong.
The scheme is quite simple, thought it may look complicated ; Bidding NT is natural , while bidding a suit cheaply is natural and
weak. From the cue-bid up is TRANSFER to the next suit including the cue-bid, but this transfer is never an unbalanced GF. The
purpose of these conventional responses is in order to TRANSFER to a minor and then , after completing it, a change of suit is an
invitational hand .
EX.
N
1 ]
X
]
P
]
3
P
]
3 ]
P
]
3 = 5-4 invitational
Completing the TRANSFER by doubler shows a normal hand, otherwise with a max hand and FIT one super-accepts by bidding
natural values; the jumps are SPLINTER with FIT if in opponent's suit, otherwise showing a long decent suit with FIT and a good
hand.
82
CASE A : Opener's partner passes

N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1 = 4+ 0/10 HCP
1 = 4+ 0/10 HCP
1 = 4+ 0/10 HCP
1nt = 7/10 HCP constructive
2 = 5+ 8+ HCP
2 = 5+ 8+ HCP
2 = 5+ 8+ HCP
2 = Cue-bid TRANSFER GF BAL
2nt = 11/12 HCP BAL
3 = 5-4 GF
3 = 5-4 GF
3 = 5-4 GF (Smolen )
3 = 5-4 GF (Smolen )
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
1nt
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
= 4+ 0/10 HCP
= 4+ 0/10 HCP
= 7/10 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 11/12 HCP BAL
= Cue-bid TRANSFER GF BAL
= 5-4/ GF
= 5-4 GF ( Smolen )
= 5-4 GF ( Smolen )
= 4+ 0/10 HCP
= 6/10 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 11/12 HCP BAL
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5-4 GF
= 5-4 GF
= 6/10 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 4+ 0/7 HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 11/12 HCP BAL
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5+ 8+ HCP
= 5-4 GF
= 5-4 GF ( not passable )
CASE B : Opener's partner does not pass

N
1x
1y
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1nt
2w
2x
2y
2nt+
= Penalties
= 8/10 HCP with Stop in x not necessarily a Stop in y
= 5+w competitive
= 4+w-4+z competitive not strong 5/9 HCP about
= 4+w-4+z 10+ HCP
= RUBENSOHL ON
83
1x
2y
]
]
X
= TO
2w+ = RUBENSOHL ON
OVERCALLING 1NT
OVERCALLING IN 2a POSITION
Overcalling 1nt is like our opening 1nt and shows 15/17 HCP and generally little interest in majors , therefore over opener's major
it "tends" to exclude the other major
The continuations are the same as over an opening 1nt
CASE A : Opener's partner passes
N
1x
1nt
2+ = System ON
CASE B : Opener's partner doubles for penalty

N
1x
1nt
= See 1nt penalty double
CASE C : Opener's partner bids a suit

N
1x
1x
1nt
1nt
2x
2y
]
]
X
?
]
]
X
?
= TO
= RUBENSOHL ON
= PD
= RUBENSOHL ON
REOPENING
N
1x
]
P/X ]
]
]
]
P
2y
2x
2nt
3y
1x
2x
]
]
]
]
P
]
1nt
= 5+y SO
= F1 generally BAL
= 11/12 HCP GI
= 6y GI
P
]
P
]
1nt
X
= TO
2x+ = RUBENSOHL ON
SPECIFIC CASES WHERE WE USE RUBENSOHL AND LEBENSOHL

In general the RULE is: we use Lebensohl when we have shown a weak hand by passing before and we play Rubensohl with
unlimited hands.
CASE A :
If opener's partner does not pass over our TO double :
N
1x
1x
P
N
1x
]
]
]
X
X
E
2x
]
]
2x
P
1y
]
]
X
?
]
]
P
?
]
]
X
?
= TO
= As if partner has opened 1nt and they have overcalled
2x . We use RUBENSOHL
= LEBENSOHL
= points, not penalty , in general values in the 4 suit

= As if partner has opened 1nt . We use RUBENSOHL
84
1x
N
1x
X
E
2y
3x
]
]
X
?
]
]
]
]
X
3y
4w
4y
= PD
= As if partner has opened 1nt . We use RUBENSOHL
= Points with at least a 4 major

= Natural Competitiv
= Natural GF
= 5+y I am playing it
CASE B :
In case of :
N
1x
P
]
]
P
?
]
2x ]
X
= Here we use LEBENSOHL
Let's see how LEBENSOHL works after an opening and a raise in a major suit
1
P
1
P
P
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
2
2nt
3
3
3
3
P
2nt
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
2 ]
X
= Natural weak less than7(8) HCP
= (7)8/11 HCP
]Pass
= to play 12/13 HCP
= 4+ less than 7(8) HCP
]3 = weak
]3 = GF without 4 See developments
= GF 4 nearly always
]3 = 4 GF
]3
= 5 8/10 HCP
]3 = 5 GF
]3
]3nt= Natural
]4 = 6+ SI
]4 = 6+ SI
S
]Pass = tolerance in
]3 = 4+ no toler.
= 4 MAX
= 4 MIN
]
2 ]
X
]
P
]
3
= St?
= 4 NST
= St
= 5-4 NST
= 5-4 NST
NB : Continuations are analagous to 2( weak two )]X]P]?

Lets see how it changes over opening and raise
N
1
P
1
P
P
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
2nt
3
3
3
3
3nt
4
P
2nt
3
3
3nt
4
4
]
2 ]
X
= (7)8/11 HCP
= GF 4 nearly always
= Natural
= 5+ Natural
]Pass = to play
]3 = weak
]3 = GF without 4
]3 = 5 GF
]3 = 4 GF
]3nt= Natural
]4 = 6+ SI
]4 = 6+ SI
]
2 ]
X
]
P
]
3
= 4 NST
= St?
= St
= 5-4 NST
= 5-4 NST
NB : Continuations are analogous to over 2( Weak two)]X]P]?
]Pass = Tolerance in
]3 = 4+ no tolerance
]3 = 4 MIN
]3 = 4 MAX
85
CASE C :
We use Rubensohl even over a double of a weak two by the opponents
ES.
N
2x
= RUBENSOHL
or
N
2x
P
]
]
P
?
]
P
]
X
= LEBENSOHL
Bids other than double over opponents' weak two :

N
2x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2y
2nt
3z
3y
3x
3nt
4
4
4nt
= 5+y Normal
= 16/19 HCP short in other major
= 6+z Normal
= 5+ other major-5minor
= I play it
= 5+-5+ good hand
= 6-5 very good hand
= 5+-5+ GF or 6-5 very good hand
]3 of a major = SO
]3nt = GF in minors
]4 = Pass or correct
]4 = GF FIT in other major
]4 of a major = SO
CASE D :
We use Rubensohl even when the opponents open with weak 1nt and partner doubles showing a balanced hand :
EX.
N
]
2y
= Competitive
]
X
= PD
In these cases we use Rubensohl , so the suits at the 2 level are competitive to play while 2nt and up are all TRANSFER competetive,
invitational or strong.
1nt
2x
CASE E :
We use Rubensohl even when we open 1x and the opponents jump overcall 2y natural
ES.
N
1x
2y
2x
2y
= RUBENSOHL
CASE F :
N
1x
1nt
]
]
X
?
]
]
X
?
= TO
= RUBENSOHL
CASE G :
N
1x
1nt
= TO
= RUBENSOHL
THE OPPONENTS OPEN 1NT

CASE A : Opening strong NT, i.e. 15+ HCP
After a strong 1NT opening we overcall purely competitively ; could be weaker in balancing seat
double = One -suited , any suit : partner must bid 2 ( unless having a super FIT in ) , and we
pass with or bid our suit
2 = Two suited 4+-4+x
2 = Two suited 4+-4+/
2 = Two suited 4+-4+
2 = Natural , weaker than double then 2
The only forcing response is 2nt but this shows a really interesting hand! ! In general one responds in Paradox style , which menas
bidding the suit you don't have, in pass/correct fashion
After overcalling 2 :
86
1nt
P
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
]
P
]
2nt
= weak hand -x
= good hand -
= good hand -
= good hand -
N
1nt
P
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
]
P
]
2nt
= bad hand -
= bad hand -
= good hand -
= good hand -
N
1nt
P
]
]
]
]
]
2
3
3
3
3
]
P
]
2nt
= bad hand 5+-4
= bad hand 5+-4
= good hand 5+-4 possibly 5-5
= good hand 5+-4
CHANGES IN COMPETITION
N
1nt
1nt
2x
2x
2y
]
]
]
P
XX
2y
]
]
]
P
X
2z
= Tolerance for this suit

= Bid your second suit
= Natural not forcing

= Bid your second suit
CASE B : Weak 1nt opening, which is MAX 14 HCP (or less :-)
In these cases the chances of game are real so the bidding , above all in second position is constructive
1nt
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
2
2
2
2
2nt
3
3
= 13+ HCP bal or 16+ HCP unbalanced but not with a one- or two-suited hand with a major
= At least 5-4 or 5-4 11+ HCP, in 4 position perhaps only 4-4
= Multi 5+ or 5+ 11+ HCP
= 4+-5+minor 11/15 HCP
= 4+-5+minor 11/15 HCP
= 5+-5+ 11/15 HCP
= 6 11/15 HCP
= 6 11/15 HCP
DEVELOPMENTS
N
1nt
1nt
1nt
P
]
]
1nt
2
2M
2
E
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
P
P
S
2 = Asks for better major, but with 5-5 bid the SGL
2 = to play ( continue only with a reverse )
2 = to play ( continue only with a reverse )
2nt = GI, asking strength
W
]
]
P = Equal length in the majors

2 = 5+ weak and no FIT for a major
2/= Ignoring the double
2
2nt
= GF with FIT in un major asking for distribution, bid a SGL
?
W
= Responses as over Multi ( partner continues only with a reverse )
87
1nt
3
3
3
3
N
1nt
1nt
P
]
2 ]
P
= MAX with 5+
= MAX with 5+
= MIN 5+
= MIN 5+
]
]
]
]
]
]
2M
2M
3
3
3
3
2nt
]
]
]
]
]
2nt
3
3
3M
3OM
= F1 asking to describe your hand

= pass or correct
= 6+ SO
=M
= 6+OM M
]
P
]
2nt
= 4M-5+ MIN
= 4M-5+ MIN
= 4M-5+ MAX
= 4M-5+ MAX
MODIFICATIONS IN COMPETITION
N
1nt
X/2x ]
2y
]
]
]
]
X
2nt
2z
3z
= Penalty
= Bid your unknown suit
BALANCING
Reopening after 1 of a suit ]P]P] ?
N
1x
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
X
1nt
= (8)9+ HCP with a takeout

= (11)12/15(16) HCP Over a minor cannot be 15/16 HCP
but over a major could be 15/16 HCP
1 suit = (7)8/15 HCP with the suit, maybe 4
2 suit ( not a jump ) = suit, at least 5 quite good (8)9/15 HCP
2 suit ( jump ) = good 6 suit with 11/15 HCP
2nt = 19-21
3 suit ( jump ) = good 6 suit with opening strength , looks for 3nt
3 suit ( double-jump) = good preempt with 7 suit and 9/11 HCP
cue = constructive Michaels
cue ( jump ) = solid one-suiter, asking for stop for 3nt
3nt = solid suit, Stop in their suit
W
1nt ]
P
]
P
]
?
Use same system as over opening 1nt in 2a position
OVERCALLING ILLOGICAL 1NT

Overcalling illogical 1nt always shows at least 9 cards in the 2 other suits with at least (7)8+ HCP
N
1x
1y
]
]
1nt
2y
= Shows 4-4 in the other suits ( not guaranteeing opening strength !!! ) or
a strong hand 16+ HCP
= Shows 5-4 or 5-5 in the other two suits
= Shows at least 6-5 or defensive 5-5 with good suits
88
1x
P
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
2x
2y
2nt
3x
2z/w
]
1y ]
X/1nt
= Asks which suit is longer . Bid with weak hands or strong hands looking for a fit
= Points with a sure FIT in at least one suit promised by partner
= Points with a FIT at least 4 in one of partner's suits , but probably a double- FIT
= Mixed raise , which is not too strong but with FIT at least 4 in one of partner's suits
= SO
How does overcaller bid now ?

Over a cue of the lower suit obviously bid your longer suit.
But over the cue of the higher suit bid
Over 2nt one bids
]2nt = 5-5
]3z(lower suit) = MIN
]3w(higher suit) = MAX
]3x/y = 5-5 and SGL in the suit

]3z(lower suit) = MIN
]3w(higher suit) = MAX
]3nt = Asks for longer suit

]3w = SO
]3nt = Asks for longer suit
GHESTEM
GHESTEM is a two-suited overcall made over a NATURAL opening of one of a suit. The style in which we bid this depends on the
position, vulnerability, and whether partner has passed or not !
Opposite passed partner and white vs red the bid is generally defensive/obstructive, while vulnerable against not vulnerable it is
generally constructive with good suits and 5 losers or less.
Remember that you never promise the suit you bid.
N
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
2
2nt
3
2
2nt
3
]
]
]
2
2nt
3
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
= 5+-5+
RULES :
1) Returning to trump is always the weakest bid
2) Jumps in a suit shown by partner are always preemptive
3) To show GI+ hands one uses the available space, so if one bids the lower suit one shows a FIT in the lower available suit at the 3level. This is above all for the minor suits .
4) 3nt is always natural
89
EX
N
2/ = SO
2nt = RELAY
3 = fit, GI+
3 = fit, GI+
3/ = M
3nt = to-play
DRURY
DRURY is played when partner opens a Major in third hand, which can be a light opening (9+) and a 4card suit. The responses of
two clubs and two diamonds both are invites with three and four trumps respectively.
N
P
2
2
2M
N
P
2
P
2
P
2
]
P
]
= 9/11, 3M
= 9/11, 4M
= 3/8, 3/4M
]
]
]
]
]
]
P
P
P
P
P
P
1M
]
]
1M
2
2M
2OM
2NT
3/
3M
4M
]
]
1
2
2
2NT
3/
3
4
]
]
1
2
2
2NT
3/
3
4
]
P
= 12+, 5M, ?in what suit do you accept help-suit game try?
= 9/11, 4/5M, SO
= short suit game try
= 5-3-3-2 BAL game try
= bid game with good trumps
= to-play
W
]
P
= 9/11, 4/5, SO
= 12+, 5, ?in what suit do you accept help-suit game try?
= short suit game try in
= game try in trumps
= to-play
W
]
P
= 9/11, 4/5, SO
= 12+, 5, ?in what suit do you accept help-suit game try?
= trump suit game try
= to-play
Other bidding changes by a passed hand (this also applies after 4th seat opening):
jumps are fit jumps, e.g.
N
P
2
N
P
2
3
]
P
]
1 ]
= 8/11 HCP, 5-4, NF
E
]
P
]
1 ]
= 8/11 HCP, 5-4, NF
= 8/11 HCP, 5-4, NF
90
LEADS AND SIGNALS

Leads: 2nd and 4th best
A
K
Q
J
10
9
Hi-x
Lo-x
AK(+)
KQ(), AK
QJ()
J10(), HJ10()
H109, H10x, 10x, 109
109+
xSx(+), HSx, 10Sxx(+)
xS, HxxS(+)
Lead K from AK when:

partner has bid or raised the suit
at the 5 or 6 level (partner must show count)
FROM TRICK 2 ON
from AK doubleton
Signals:
UDCA
Obvious shift principle
In trump: suit preference

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VERSION 2.

1NT OPENING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61

SUIT OVERCALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76

LEADS AND SIGNALS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 90

non-minimum, no void, no side suit

The development after 1-2, 2 is:

1M-Reverse Relay (1MRR)

natural or 17+ reverse (or 17+ and support for pd)

1-1N, 2-2, 2 = impossible : 5+minor, 17+ HCP

3-5-1-4, 3card support, high sin

(Again Garozzo does not use high-shortage-first here.)

1m-Reverse Relay (1mRR)

After 1-1-2-2-2NT, 3 is a further relay and opener bids:

3 rd suit forcing relay (3SF)

See the next chapters for specific examples of this relay.

When opponents intervene

4+ (but see 2 and 3 below)

4+ (but see 2 and 3 below)

1nt = 15/17 HCP

2 = GF generally 20+ HCP

a) 5+m-4+om 5/10 HCP

2NT = 21/22 HCP possibly even a 5a major

= 7 Preempt in 3a and 4a position perhaps only 6

= 7 Preempt in 3a and 4a position perhaps only 6

] 7/8 with AKQ

a) In 1a and 2a position 8/8 tricks in , one-suited with 7+ solid or semisolid

a) In 1a and 2a position 8/8 tricks in , one-suited with 7+ solid or semisolid

= 8 Preempt in 3a and 4a position perhaps only 7

= 8 Preempt in 3a and 4a position perhaps only 7

GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE COMPETITIVE AUCTION

DOUBLE WHEN WE HAVE FOUND A FIT

= RELAY SI Natural Continuations

= 6-4 10/11 HCP

= RELAY for MIN and MAX and distribution

= RELAY for SGL answer in steps

= 9/11 HCP with 4/5

= 5+-4 GF ]2nt= RELAY GAR

]2nt= 5+-4 ]3 = RELAY GAR

]pass= 6 4/5 HCP

= RELAY GI+ ]2 = 6-3 MIN

= RELAY, 4S3344, GI+, usually balanced

]2nt= 5+-4 17+ HCP ]3 = RELAY ]3 = 6-4

]3 = RELAY ]3 = MIN with SGL

= 3/4 4/5 HCP

= RELAY GF, 1mRR

]2 = 4/ MIN or MAX ]2 = RELAY GFSee conts

]2 = 4-4-4-1 15/17 HCP

= RELAY, 4S3344, GI+ See developments

]3 = MIN with SGL

]2 = MIN ]2 = RELAY see MAX

= RELAY SI ]2 = 5+-4 11/21 HCP

= MAX without SGL in

]3 = RELAY ]3 = MAX without SGL

= MAX without SGL ]3 = RELAY ]3 = SGL

INTERFERENCE OVER 1 OPENING

CASE B : Opponent bids one of a suit

= 4+y where y=x+1

= 4 8+ HCP or bal GF+