XOHM

4G BROAD BAND

SAGI RAMAKRISHNAM RAJU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BHIMAVARAM
Presented by K.A.P.S PRAKASH KIRAN 3/4C.S.E [email protected]
Contents:
1. Introduction 2. About Wi-Fi 3. Need for WiMax

P.T.N SAI 3/4C.S.E [email protected]

3.1. WiMax transmission 3.2. Implementation 3.2.1. non-line-of-sight service 3.2.2. line-of-sight service 4. WiMax Scenario 5. XOHM 6. References

Abstract:
The early days of home Internet access required using a modem connected to a computer to dial a number and maintain a connection. It was cumbersome and slow. The faster modems became, the more people realized how painfully sluggish data transmission had been in the days of 300 baud. Eventually, home users who could afford a jump in price could get Broadband access via digital subscriber lines (DSL), cable and satellite. Technology changes from day-to-day; this is also happening in case of networking. So many breakthroughs in the realm of science forced the way of networking from wired to wireless, which is very inexpensive and efficient.

A new technology that provides dynamic

connectivity to a network through wireless which is called

as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), works on the principle of Radio transmission, but Wi-Fi is accessible only to a limited area, In this paper we are going to present about a technology which breaks the problems like limited area connectivity and also ECO Friendly, this can be possible with the help of WiMax(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), which supports the concept of Internet everywhere. However people are connected by opening up the Internet to create a more spontaneous and empowering broadband experience.

1. Introduction :
If we have been in an airport, coffee shop, library or hotel recently, chances that we been right in the middle of a wireless network. Many people also use wireless networking, also called Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking. In the near future, wireless networking may become so widespread that you can access the Internet just about anywhere at any time, without using wires, wireless networks are easy to set up and inexpensive. Wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones, televisions and radios do. In fact, communication across a wireless network is a lot like two-way radio communication.

1. A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal and transmits it using an antenna. 2. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. It sends the information to the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection. The process also works in reverse, with the router receiving information from the Internet, translating it into a radio signal and sending it to the computer's wireless adapter.

Think about how you access the Internet today. There are basically three different options: Broadband access - In your home, you have either a DSL or cable modem. At the office, your company may be using a T1 or a T3 line. Wi-Fi access - In your home, you may have set up a Wi-Fi router that lets you surf the Web while you lounge with your laptop. On the road, you can find Wi-Fi hot spots in restaurants, hotels, coffee shops and libraries. Dial-up access - If you are still using dial-up, chances are that either broadband access is not available, or nyou think that broadband access is too expensive. The main problems with broadband access are that it is pretty expensive and it doesn't reach all areas. The main problem with Wi-Fi access is that hot spots are very small, so coverage is sparse. What if there was a new technology that solved all of these problems? This new technology would provide: The high speed of broadband service Wireless rather than wired access, so it would be a lot less expensive than cable or DSL and much easier to extend to suburban and rural areas Broad coverage like the cell phone network instead of small Wi-Fi hotspots

In this article, we'll look at the technology that allows information to travel over the air. We'll also review what it takes to create a wireless network in your home.

2.About Wi-Fi:
Wi-Fi has a lot of advantages, Wi-Fi means Wireless Fidelity can also be referred as Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking. The 802.11 designation comes from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE sets standards for a range of technological protocols, and it uses a numbering system to classify these standards.

One wireless router can allow multiple devices to connect to the Internet. It works on the principle of radio transmission. The radios used for Wi-Fi communication are very similar to the radios used for walkie-talkies, cell phones and other devices. They can transmit and receive radio waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s into radio waves and convert the radio waves back into 1s and 0s. But Wi-Fi radios have a few notable differences from other radios. They transmit at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or 5GHz. This frequency is considerably higher than the frequencies used for cell phones, walkie-talkies and televisions. The higher frequency allows the signal to carry more data. They use 802.11 networking standards, which come in several flavors: 802.11a transmits at 5GHz and can move up to 54 megabits of data per second. It also uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), a more efficient coding technique that splits that radio signals into several sub-signals before they reach a receiver. This greatly reduces interference. 802.11b is the slowest and least expensive standard. For a while, its cost made it popular, but now it's becoming less common as faster standards become less expensive. 802.11b transmits in the 2.4 GHz frequency band of the radio spectrum. It can handle up to 11 megabits of data per second, and it uses complimentary code keying (CCK) coding. 802.11g transmits at 2.4 GHz like 802.11b, but it's a lot faster -- it can handle up to 54 megabits of data per second. 802.11g is faster because it uses the same OFDM coding as 802.11a. 802.11n is the newest standard that is widely available. This standard significantly improves speed and range. For instance, although 802.11g theoretically moves 54 megabits of data per second, it only achieves real-world speeds of about 24 megabits of data per second because of network congestion. 802.11n, however, reportedly can achieve speeds as high as 140 megabits per second.

Wi-Fi radios can transmit on any of three frequency bands. Or, they can "frequency hop" rapidly between the different bands. Frequency hopping helps reduce interference and lets multiple devices use the same wireless connection simultaneously. Wi-Fi transmission is limited up to certain distance, suppose we have to construct a wireless network through a longer distance, which is not possible with this, so there is a need for another technology.

3. Need for WiMax:

WiMAX outdistances Wi-Fi by miles, WiMAX is short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16, WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX transmitting station, probably using encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access this is the main advantage. In this way network security is also embedded. WiMAX has the potential to do to broadband Internet access what cell phones have done to phone access. In the same way that many people have given up their "land lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could replace cable and DSL services, providing universal Internet access just about anywhere you go. WiMAX will also be as painless as Wi-Fi -- turning your computer on will automatically connect you to the closest available WiMAX antenna.

3.1 WiMax Transmission (3G):

A WiMAX system consists of two parts: 1. A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

WiMax Tower

2. A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or
they could be built into a laptop the way Wi-Fi access is today.

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

Way of transmission:
The propagation path of a signal includes the direct wave, a reflected wave, a surface wave

3.2 Implementation:
Wi-Fi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger lineof-sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitter's 30-mile radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.

WiMax provides two types of wireless services

3.2.1 Non-line-of-sight service:

A small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range of 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles.

3.2.2 Line-of-sight service:

A fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop. The line-of-sight Connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data. This transmission uses higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth. The fastest Wi-Fi connection can transmit up to 54 Mbps under optimal conditions. WiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 Mbps. Even once those 70Mb is split up between several dozen businesses or a few hundred home users, it will provide at least the equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to each user.

IEEE 802.16 Specifications:

Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station Speed - 70 megabits per second Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz

4. WiMax Scenario:
Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from our home. we would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or upgrade our old computer to add WiMAX capability. we would receive a special encryption code that would give you access to the base station. The base station would beam data from the Internet to our computer (at speeds potentially higher than today's cable modems),

for which we would pay the provider a monthly fee. The cost for this service could be much lower than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables.

The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP allows people to make local, long-distance and even international calls through a broadband Internet connection, bypassing phone companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls.

5. XOHM (4G Technology):

XOHM is coming providing next-generation mobile broadband across your city. With XOHM, you no longer need to find a hotspot for a broadband internet experience the hotspot comes with you. There are no compromises here even if its streaming fullscreen video. And with XOHM, you have one account and its always available. No long-term contracts you can pay by the day, the month or the year.

XOHM wont just connect WiMAX-enabled products to the internet itll allow them to connect across the network to each other. We expect this to open exciting new experiences beyond just getting online with the potential to change how we communicate, enjoy, and achieve - for example: Health: a mobile health monitor could track and transmit a users vitals and alert a hospital or caregiver in case of an emergency. Sports: a runners performance could be monitored by WiMAX-enabled chips built into her shoes to be shared with coaches, peers or spectators.

Home Entertainment: While youre out of town, your WiMAX-enabled DVR could send a reminder to your phone that your favorite TV show is about to start - command it to record the show to watch later via your WiMAX-enabled portable video player.

Broadband Speed:
XOHM's WiMAX network allows you to experience mobile internet at broadband speeds. XOHM will let you enjoy the most bandwidth-intensive applications like games, streaming movies, sharing photos and video, music and other entertainment, even on the go.

Next Generation Internet:

Get ready to experience how spontaneous the internet can be. With XOHM mobile broadband, youll be able to: Stream movies Watch a video

Download music Share photos Play games Instant Message E-mail Surf the web

Or whatever you want - around your home, office or on the go, wherever theres XOHM coverage - all on the same connection

Plug and Play:

Getting started with XOHM is a snap: no wires means no service calls, drilling, or digging just plug and play.

Compendium:
It is to be concluded that among all communication interfaces wireless is better one, in that going to WiMax is the better solution in all aspects, now some of the companies are trying to establish their networks using this technology.

References:
Book: Shouldering the Weight of WiMax http://www.networkdictionary.com http://www.howstuffworks.com http://ieee802.org/16/pub/backgrounder.html http://www.xohm.com/about-overview.html http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/index.html

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