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    Chapter 26 EURO

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    Snooplion56
    This chapter discusses the expansion of European imperialism in the late 19th century through dividing regions of influence and directly controlling foreign territories. It led to increasing tensions between European powers as they competed for global influence and resources. This competition contributed to the formation of military alliances like the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 provided the spark that led these alliances into World War 1.

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    Chapter 26 EURO

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    Snooplion56
    125 views6 pages
    This chapter discusses the expansion of European imperialism in the late 19th century through dividing regions of influence and directly controlling foreign territories. It led to increasing tensions between European powers as they competed for global influence and resources. This competition contributed to the formation of military alliances like the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 provided the spark that led these alliances into World War 1.

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    This chapter discusses the expansion of European imperialism in the late 19th century through dividing regions of influence and directly controlling foreign territories. It led to increasing tensions between European powers as they competed for global influence and resources. This competition contributed to the formation of military alliances like the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 provided the spark that led these alliances into World War 1.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    125 views6 pages

    Chapter 26 EURO

    Uploaded by

    Snooplion56
    This chapter discusses the expansion of European imperialism in the late 19th century through dividing regions of influence and directly controlling foreign territories. It led to increasing tensions between European powers as they competed for global influence and resources. This competition contributed to the formation of military alliances like the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 provided the spark that led these alliances into World War 1.

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    of 6

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war

    Expansion of European power and the new Imperialism All developments = huge power in Europe Considered their way of life and civilization was superior Only GB how large amounts of land European states spread control over 150 million more people-- Rapid expansion at end of century- new imperialism The New Imperialism Old imperialism- exploit resources, establish trading areas New imperial0ism- invest to develop infrastructure, employ natives Would make arrangements with local gov, loans or intimidation spheres of influence Motives for the New Imperialism Economic Imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalismLenin Industries ran out of profitable areas of investment, went to less developed countries Only small % of British and euro iinvestments went to new coloniez Most went to older established colonies, NZ, Canada, Australia Hoped that imperialism would end depression in Europe Cultural, Religious, and Social Interpretations Duty to help backwards societies Religious groups- political and military support for missions Chamberlain- argued for the empire as a source of profit and economic security that would finance a great program of domestic reform and welfare too many people- emigrate to areas not controlled by countriesNA and SA, AU Strategic and political interpretations: The Scramble for Africa Great Britain only one with lots of power overseas before it suez canal Disraeli got interest and power over canal advanced into sudan to protect Egypt France and Smaller Nations everyone takes landequal british power Germany Bismarck against it entirely----more worried about Germany itself Eventually takes land to improve Germanys position politically The Irrational Element Emergence of japan- frightened others interested in china Russia vs japan for Manchuria With russia, Germany, France, pushed them out USA- open door policy- opposed foreign annexation in china and allowed people of all nations to trade on equal footing Everyone liked but Russia Monroe doctrine of 1823- western hemisphere = American protectorate Spanish- American war- drove Spain of out Americas forced Spain to sell land in pacific Made USA a power in the pacific Last place- ottomans.. vulnerable, nobody knew what to do with them

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war


    Emergence of the German Empire and the Alliance systems New German state- upset balance of power Austria and France weakened and upset Bismarcks leadership (1973-1890) Avoid war that might destroy his achievements, be friendly with French War in the Balkans Three emperors league- Ger, Aus, Rus Failed, austro-russian tensions, russo Turkish war in Balkans Ottoman weakness= Balkan states revolt trying to get freedom Russia entered, crisis, Russia wanted Constantinople and dardanelles Treaty of San Stefano- Russian victory, Balkans freed, Russia got land Bad for Austria and made British scared Superpatriotism: Jingoism The Congress of Berlin By Bismarck: preserve peace: war: nothing to gain much to lose AU-H- given bosnia and H--- protect it Britain got cuprus, France Tunisia Three emperors league dead All Balkan states upset German alliances with Russia and Austria Ignored Balkans, secret treaty with Austria Renewed regularly until 1918 Tied both countries togethereconomically Germany was to be the rider Tried to scare Russia into seeking alliance Three emperors league- but closer and tighter The Triple alliance Italy wanted to join alliance Bismarcks strat workedallied with all 3 powers, France was isolated Three emperors alliance- Ger, AU, Italy Reinsurance treatyalliance with Russia and Germany William 2young, strong, ambitious Germany was destined best of Europe Forging of the triple entente (1890-1907) Franco-Russian alliance When he retired--- everything collapsed Capriviwanted Bismarck back,,, was his successor Russia needed an allyturned to France against Germany Britain and Germany Hostility began between these 2 rivals economically and politically, as well as navally Did stuff in Africa to stop British advancement show how Germany could be valuable to Britain Make a lot of ships to weaken British navy, make ships only for this reason Chamberlain- wanted to make peace with Germany, germans werent having any of that weird The Entente cordiale Agreements with France, peace, allies with japan Russia vs Britain Russian revolution happens

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war


    The First Moroccan crisis Germany wants morocco,bullies France and Britain Makes British franco alliance stronger. Now had similar plans and shared stuff British agreement with Russia Triple entente- France, britian, Russia World War 1 The Bosnian Crisis Young turks- revolutionary group AU and Rus actwed to stop them Russia acted too quickly Britain and France intervened, liked the young turks, stopping them This strained triple entente, made it harder to oppose russian interests while keeping alliance The Second Moroccan crisis Showed how important France and Britain were to each other Anglo-German relations worse New German ship- dreadnought Germany might attack morocco Britain and France must cooperate War in the Balkans Italy attacked ottomans All of the crappy smallers states all joined together and attacked ottomans Austria had to stop serbians from attacking Albania, they wanted a port. Russians super passive.. didnt want to interfere with them Sarajevo and the Outbreak of war (June-august 1914) Germany and Austrias response Au-h ideas split whether to attack or not Germany wanted to attack Serbia Germany however, feared for future, Austria just wanted to go to war calculated risk Austria decided to attack when everything was dying down The Triple Entente response Rus- partial mobilization against Austria ONLY Put pressure on Austria to make them not attack little bro, Serbia Germans scared of 2 front war enacted schlieffen planbeat France fast! Then focus on Russia so no 2 front war Attacked France, had to go through Belgium, forced Britain to attack. BOOOOOOOOOOOM German ambition for high place in order led to challenging status quo Strategies and stalemate:1914-1917 Jubilation met outbreak of war Both sides expected quick win Only German war plan: schlieffen Move above French defenses, Weakened the Russian front, and failed The war in the west French underestimated germans French and brits stopped germans at battle of marne Position like a TvT

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war


    War in the east Heavy casualties--- captured huge portion of Russian army at battle of tannenberg Italy joined allies japan honored alliance, attacked places in pacific held by central powers Attack Dardanelles, Constantinople Return to west Both sides turned focus to west in 1916 germans wanted to attack French stronghold Verdun Henri petain became a hero they shall not pass Huge losses on both sides little accomplished The war at sea Strict blockade to starve germans out regardless of international law that said that was illegal German response- huge submarine warfare around British isles. U boat sunk lusitaniania America enters the war Lusitania sunk.. basically at this point it was obvious allies would win make the world safe for democracy The Russian revolution Russia had to leave the war Nicholas was incompetent, under influence of Germans and Rasputin Provisional Government 1917strikes in Petrograd, and saint Petersburg.. troops refused to fire on protestors Gov fell into hands of Duma, they then formed provisional gov made of people that liked western ideas Mensheviks- social revolutionaries and democratsd organize workers into soviets, crazy Marxists Russia had to reach the bourgeois stage of developments before revolution of proletariat could happen Bad war, shortages of food, and problems in Russia undermined government Lenin and the Bolsheviks Theses guys worked against it Germans trained Lenin from Switzerland (he was exiled) to Russia to try to mess up government Lenin used oppourtunity to achieve alliance between wormers and peasants Argued that all political power go to soviets, which they controlled Tried to coup, didnt work Then with another failure of coup later, Trotsky, released from prison, led Petrograd soviet Coup this time worked.. Bolsheviks now ruled Russia The Communist dictatorship Every other political party was dispersed Decrees- nationalize land and turn over to peasant proprietors Workers put in charge of factories, property of church goes now to state Took Russia out of war Brest-litovsk- Germany will stop attacking Russia if Russia gave poland, Baltic states, Ukraine Would also pay a heavy amount of money Lenin that he would be the example, and soon communist revoltuions would happen all over Europe 1921- resistance red Russians vs white Russians(people who opposed it)

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war


    Red murdered czar family, late 1921, Lenin had total control

    The End of World War 1 Everything worked out because america came to decisively win the war, however they would not be their until later in the year, so everyone else tried to win early Germanys last offensive gamble everything on 1 last attack pushed and got to marne, but ran out of everything, everything was exhausted, at the same time america just got there Ludendorff said that peace should be ade before all of Germany was demolished Prince of Germany asked peace be established on basis of Fourteen points by Wilson declared as war aims Would establish league of nations, make stuff good for Germany, freedom of seas, open diplomacy etc German republican government accepts defeat Proclaimed republic- dont want to go the same path as Lenin German people had no idea they lostmany believed thety had been betrayed, stabbed in back by republicans and socialists at home The Settlement at Paris DIPLOMATS: wilson-USA George- britain Clemenceau- France Orlando- Italy Obstacles faced by the peacemakers Nationalism Transformed into moral crusade Map of Europe could not be redrawn to match ethnic stuff France wanted to weaken Germany a lot so they could be the best Greatest immediate threat- spread of bolshevism Spartacus group- tried to revolt in Germany, communist The Peace Peace without a victor- Russia and Germany excluded from peace conrerence League of nations madepeace, all govs consulting each other in times of tension tutelage- dealt with colonial areas mandates and they were places under tutelage, of thje great powers under league supervision and encouraged to advance toward independence Germany--- lost Alsace Lorraine and had its army limited heavily, forbidding to have tanks, planes, submarines, artillery, or poison gas East- Germany lost Silesia Poland was revived! Germany had to pay 5 bill until 1921 Notorious 231 clause- basically made Germany seem like they were solely responsible, Germans upset, formed Weimar government that ruled until hitler came Evaluation of the peace Bitter peace

    Chapter 26- Imperialism, alliances and war

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