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    Opening & Closing

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    Gabriel Humpire
    Morphological operators like dilation and erosion are used for tasks like edge detection, noise removal, and image segmentation. Dilation expands objects in an image while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth object contours, while closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill in small holes and gaps. These operators are useful for applications such as detecting patterns in images or reducing noise.

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    Opening & Closing

    Uploaded by

    Gabriel Humpire
    70 views25 pages
    Morphological operators like dilation and erosion are used for tasks like edge detection, noise removal, and image segmentation. Dilation expands objects in an image while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth object contours, while closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill in small holes and gaps. These operators are useful for applications such as detecting patterns in images or reducing noise.

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    Morphological operators like dilation and erosion are used for tasks like edge detection, noise removal, and image segmentation. Dilation expands objects in an image while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth object contours, while closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill in small holes and gaps. These operators are useful for applications such as detecting patterns in images or reducing noise.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views25 pages

    Opening & Closing

    Uploaded by

    Gabriel Humpire
    Morphological operators like dilation and erosion are used for tasks like edge detection, noise removal, and image segmentation. Dilation expands objects in an image while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth object contours, while closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill in small holes and gaps. These operators are useful for applications such as detecting patterns in images or reducing noise.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Opening & Closing

    Nandish Patel
    Mathematical Morphology
    ƒ Morphological ƒ The operators are
    Operators are tools particularly useful for
    for extracting image the analysis of binary
    components that are images and common
    useful in the usages include edge
    representation and detection, noise
    description of region removal, image
    shape, such as enhancement and
    boundaries, image segmentation.
    skeletons, and the
    convex hull.
    Morphological Operators
    ƒ There are 2 primitive operations that are
    used by many of the other morphological
    algorithms.
    ƒ Dilation
    ƒ Erosion
    Brief Introduction: Dilation
    ƒ Dilation is useful in bridging gaps in
    images and expands an image.
    ƒ The basic effect of the operator on a
    binary image is to gradually enlarge the
    boundaries of regions of foreground pixels
    (i.e. white pixels, typically). Thus areas of
    foreground pixels grow in size while holes
    within those regions become smaller.
    Brief Introduction: Dilation
    ƒ Structuring element B is applied on every
    pixel in an Image A.
    ƒ If at least one pixel in the structuring
    element coincides with a foreground pixel
    in the image underneath, then the input
    pixel is set to the foreground value. If all
    the corresponding pixels in the image are
    background however, the input pixel is left
    at the background value.
    Example of Dilation

    3x3 Structuring Element of all 1’s was used.


    Brief Introduction: Erosion
    ƒ Erosion is used for eliminating irrelevant
    detail (in terms of size) from a binary
    image and shrinks an image.
    ƒ The basic effect of the operator on a
    binary image is to erode away the
    boundaries of regions of foreground pixels
    (i.e. white pixels, typically). Thus areas of
    foreground pixels shrink in size, and holes
    within those areas become larger.
    Brief Introduction: Erosion
    ƒ Structuring element B is applied on every
    pixel in an Image A.
    ƒ If for every pixel in the structuring element,
    the corresponding pixel in the image
    underneath is a foreground pixel, then the
    input pixel is left as it is. If any of the
    corresponding pixels in the image are
    background however, the input pixel is
    also set to background value.
    Example of Erosion

    3x3 Structuring Element of all 1’s was used.


    Opening & Closing
    ƒ Opening and Closing are morphological
    operators which use the 2 primitive operators,
    Erosion and Dilation.
    ƒ Opening smoothes the contour of an object, and
    breaks narrow isthmuses, and eliminates thin
    protrusions.
    ƒ Closing tends to smooth sections of contours
    but, unlike opening, it fuses narrow breaks and
    long thin gulfs, eliminates small holes, and fills
    gaps in the contour.
    Opening
    ƒ Opening is defined as applying Erosion on
    an Image A with a Structuring Element B
    and then applying Dilation on the resulting
    Image with the same Structuring Element
    B.
    ƒ The Structuring Element can vary
    according to the results you want
    generated.
    Still Opening…
    ƒ The basic effect of an opening is somewhat like
    erosion in that it tends to remove some of the
    foreground (bright) pixels from the edges of
    regions of foreground pixels. However it is less
    destructive than erosion in general.
    ƒ The effect of the operator is to preserve
    foreground regions that have a similar shape to
    this structuring element, or that can completely
    contain the structuring element, while eliminating
    all other regions of foreground pixels.
    Effects of Opening

    Original Image Eroded Image Opened Image


    Effects of Opening
    ƒ An important use for Opening is to find
    patterns in Images.
    ƒ Depending on the structuring element,
    Opening can help find patterns in Images
    like Circles, Squares, Rectangles etc…
    ƒ The result of Opening depends mostly on
    the Structuring Element, so it is important
    to pick a good Structuring Element.
    Finding Patterns
    Original Opened

    A disc shaped Structuring Element with 11


    pixels as diameter was used to find the
    Circles in this Image
    Finding Patterns
    Original Vertical Lines Horizontal Lines

    Opening with a 3×9 vertically oriented structuring element


    resulted in Vertical Lines, and Opening with a 9x3
    horizontally oriented structuring element resulted in
    Horizontal Lines.
    Salt & Pepper Noise
    Salt Noise can be reduced
    using a Opening and a 3x3
    square structuring element.

    Pepper Noise can not be


    reduced using Opening.
    Closing is more suitable for
    reducing Pepper Noise.
    Closing
    ƒ Closing is similar in some ways to dilation in that
    it tends to enlarge the boundaries of foreground
    (bright) regions in an image (and shrink
    background color holes in such regions), but it is
    less destructive on the original boundary shape.
    ƒ The effect of the operator is to preserve
    background regions that have a similar shape to
    this structuring element, or that can completely
    contain the structuring element, while eliminating
    all other regions of background pixels
    Keep Closing…
    ƒ One of the uses of dilation is to fill in small
    background color holes in images, e.g. `pepper'
    noise. One of the problems with doing this
    however is that the dilation will also distort all
    regions of pixels indiscriminately. We can
    remove some of this effect by Closing. Closing is
    defined as performing an erosion on the image
    after the dilation,
    ƒ Closing can also be used to reduce known
    patterns in an image by using a structuring
    element.
    Effect of Closing
    Original Image Closed Image
    Examples of Closing
    Original Image Closed Image

    Original Image contains small and large holes, With a disc shaped
    Structuring Element using 22 pixel diameter, the smaller holes can
    be removed.
    Salt & Pepper Noise
    Salt Noise cannot be
    reduced by Closing.

    Pepper Noise can be


    reduced by Closing.
    Project Progress
    ƒ Researched Opening and Closing ƒ function Opening = func(im, filt)
    as well as Erosion and Dilation in ƒ im1 = imerode(im,filt);
    details to get an understanding on ƒ im2 = imdilate(im1,filt);
    the project.
    ƒ Researched the matlab functions ƒ figure;
    imerode() and imdilate(). ƒ imshow(im);
    ƒ Made Opening and Closing ƒ figure;
    Functions which use imerode() ƒ imshow(im2);
    and imdilate().
    ƒ Imerode() takes 2 parameters, ƒ function Closing = func(im, filt)
    Image to Erode and the
    Structuring Element. ƒ im1 = imdilate(im,filt);
    ƒ Imdilate() takes 2 parameters, ƒ im2 = imerode(im1,filt);
    Image to Dilate and the ƒ figure;
    Structuring Element. ƒ imshow(im);
    ƒ figure;
    ƒ imshow(im2);
    Conclusion
    ƒ Opening and Closing are operators similar
    to Erosion and Dilation.
    ƒ Opening and Closing are improved
    versions of Erosion and Dilation because
    they are less destructive on the images.
    ƒ The results gathered from Opening and
    Closing depend on how the Structuring
    Element has been designed.
    Now Closed

    Any Questions?
    OR
    Comments!?

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