SIZING THE EXTROL

DIAPHRAGM-TYPE HYDRO-PNEUMATIC TANK

T: 401.884.6300 F: 401.885.2567 1400 Division Road, West Warwick, RI 02893 www.amtrol.com

Sizing the ExTrol Diaphragm-Type Hydro-Pneumatic Tank

Cut Methods Do Not Allow Critical Sizing

The sizing methods, such as manufacturers selection tables and short cuts nomographs, which system designers may have used in the past, are at their best, rule of thumb approximations only. In many cases, the designer has used these methods to arrive at a general size range and then added his own safety margin to select a tank of larger size than originally calculated. While this practice has resulted in tanks sufficiently over-sized to include an adequate safety margin, it does not meet the critical sizing requirements that must be met in modern system design.

For pressurization and expansion control of low temperature water systems Accurate Critical Sizing A Must
When selecting and sizing hydro-pneumatic tanks for maintaining pressurization and expansion control in engineered space heating systems involving hot water as the heat transfer medium, the designer must consider the important space, time and energy factors which affect the choice of all mechanical system components.

ASHRAE Formula Method

The ASHRAE Formula for sizing diaphragm-type hydro-pneumatic tanks is published in Chapter 15 of the ASHRAE Handbook, 1976 Systems Edition: (.00041t - .0466) V8 Vt = ___________________ Pf 1- __ Po

As a result of these priorities, the most important consideration in selecting and applying hydro-pneumatic (compression/expansion) tanks in large systems is one of critical sizing. Designers of mechanical systems cannot afford the luxury of over-sizing system components to achieve a safety margin. Nor can they take the chance of under-sizing through the use of inaccurate averaging approaches, traditionally used for sizing expansion tanks in the past. To meet the critical sizing requirements, the designer must be able to provide an adequate tank volume to guarantee full system pressurization at all times, plus the accommodation of the accurately calculated amount of expanded water which the system will generate. But, the designer must provide this with a tank size of minimum volume and weight so that a minimal amount of space and time will be consumed in its installation, and no waste of energy will be encountered.

It is a formula for accurately estimating tank sized for systems with operating temperatures of 160F to 280F. However, it does reflect some inaccuracies in the calculation of the amount of expanded water generated by the operating heating system.

Manufacturers Selection Tables and Short

NOTE: This data has been excerpted from AMTROLs Engineering Handbook Chapter Two, Section B, Hydro-pneumatics in Hot Water Heating Systems. The complete handbook covers the application of hydro-pneumatics in heating, plumbing, cooling, water supply and commercial water heating systems. If a copy is desired, request it in a letter, stating your title and job function. Address your request to AMTROL Inc., 1400 Division Road, West Warwick, RI 02893.

Part #: 9003-036 (04/11)

Summation of Sizing Methods

In summation, it is recommended that the designer use either the ASHRAE Formula method for accurately estimating tank sizes, or the critical sizing method for computing the exact minimum tank volume required. Since the ultimate goal in selection and sizing of hydropneumatic tanks is one of minimum size and weight, the sizing methods (ASHRAE and Critical) that follow will be for diaphragmtype tanks only. They cannot be used for sizing plain steel expansion tanks.

Preliminary Sizing Data Required

Before actual sizing computations are begun, certain basic data must be determined:

A. Total System Volume

This value must be determined before sizing by the ASHRAE Formula method or the Critical Sizing Method can be used. While in some smaller systems, average content tables, based on the BTUH carrying capacity, or load, of the system can be used for a quick approximation of total system volume, in the case of larger systems, this value is critical in accurately computing the amount of expanded water the system will generate. The only accurate method of determining this is a complete compilation of all system component water contents. The top line of the ASHRAE Formula, (.00041t - .0466) V8, is an averaging equation based on the ASHRAE curve for net expansion of water. It may be used for temperatures that fall between 160F and 280F. If we plot the equation as a straight line curve and compare it with the actual curve as shown in the ASHRAE Handbook, (Figure 22), on a linear chart, we can see that at the extreme upper and lower portions of the temperature range, the percentage of error increases as much as 9%. Water Content of Boilers - Refer to manufacturers literature or to supplement booklet, Boiler Contents and Ratings of Major Manufacturers, in AMTROLs Engineering Handbook. Water Content of Unit Heaters, Fan Coil Units and Convectors - Since these contain small amounts of water, and are uniform in volumetric ratios, a BTU output conversion factor will be sufficiently accurate. Refer to Table 6 for these factors. Water Content of Commercial Finned Tube, Baseboard Radiation, and Piping - Refer to Table 7, Water Volume of Pipe or Tube. Consider commercial finned tube as steel pipe and baseboard radiation as copper tubing. Water Content of Heat Exchangers - Refer to Table 8.

Fill Temperatures Other Than 40F.

The ASHRAE equation for calculating expanded water also assumes that the system is initially filled with water at 40F. This means that systems filled with water higher in temperature that 40F will actually generate less expanded water than calculated by the ASHRAE equation. In the case of critically sizing systems with large system volumes, this could easily mean total tank volumes larger than actually required.

B. Determine Tank Location

Refer to Chapter 15, ASHRAE Handbook, or to Chapter One, Section B of AMTROL Engineering Handbook.

Critical Sizing Method

This is an accurate sizing method and is strongly recommended when critical sizing of system components is required and when initial fill temperatures higher that 40F are encountered. It involves three steps: 1. Determination of the amount of expanded water by use of net expansion factors. These factors are based on the gross expansion of water as expressed in the Smithsonian Tables and as acceptable coefficient of expansion for metallic system components. (See Tables 5 - Metric or English) 2. The second step in determining the acceptance factor for the pressure values of the system. These factors are a straight mathematical expression of Boyles Law of Perfect Gases. (See Tables 6 - Metric or English) 3. The third step is a mathematical computation , accomplished by dividing the amount of expanded water by the amount of acceptance factor: Expanded water, in liters or gallons Vt = ________________________________ Acceptance Factor
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C. Determine System Pressure Values at Tank Location

Refer to Chapter 15, ASHRAE Handbook, or to Chapter One, Sections A and B of AMTROL Engineering Handbook.

D. Determine Average Design Temperature (t) E. Importance of Listed Acceptance Volumes in Smaller EXTROL Diaphragm Hydro-pneumatic Tanks
Sizing AX Model EXTROLS - When the total tank volume calculated is 498 liters (132 gallons) or less, the amount of expanded water calculated must be equal to or less than the acceptance volumes listed in Table 7A. If both the calculated total tank volume and the amount of expanded water are not met by the listed total volume and acceptance volume, select the next larger AX model. Sizing L Series EXTROLS - If the calculated total tank volume is larger than 498 liters (132 gallons) refer to Table 7B and select for total tank volume only.

Table 7A - Total Tank Volumes and Acceptance Volumes of AX Model EXTROL Diaphragm Hydro-pneumatic Tanks. Use for Calculated Total Tank Volumes of 498 Liters (132 Gallons) or Less
Total Volume Liter Gal. Acceptance Volume Liter 10 Gal. Model No. 2.5 AX-15 2.5 AX-20 5.0 AX-40 11.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 34.5 34.5 46.0 AX-60, AX-60V AX-80, AX-80V AX-100, AX-100V AX-120, AX-120V AX-144, AX-144V AX-180, AX-180V AX-200, AX-200V AX-240, AX-240V

Converting Pressure Volumes to kPa, and Psia

Metric: kPa, gauge + 101.3 = kPa, absolute English: Psig + 14.7 = Psia
NOTE: The International System of Units (SI) designates the pascal (N/m2) as the basic unit of pressure. However, for convenience, kilopascal (1000 pascal) shall be used in sizing of EXTROL hydro-pneumatic tanks. See Chapter 46, ASHRAE handbook, 1976 Systems Edition. In the Metric (SI) and English sizing examples that follow, no direct conversion of values should be attempted because of different base values between the systems. The designer should always work in one or the other and not convert from one to the other.

30 7.8

41 10.9 10 82 21.7 19 127 168 211 254 291 343 419 498 33.6 44.4 55.7 67.0 7.0 90.7 110.7 131.7 43 87 87 87 87 131 131 174

Sizing Example Using the Formula Method:

System Water Volume (V8): Maximum Average Operating Temperature(t): Minimum Operating Pressure at the tank (Pf): Maximum Operating Pressure at the tank (Po):
Metric (SI) English

22000 liters 110 C 300 kPa, gauge 750 kPa, gauge 4 C

1135 gal. 210 F 35 psig 65 psig 40 F

Table 7B ...Total Tank Volumes of L Series EXTROL Diaphragm Hydro-pneumatic Tanks. Use for Calculated Total Tank Volumes of More than 498 Liters (132 Gallons)
Total Volume Liter 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 Gal. 158 211 264 317 370 423 528 Model No. 600-L EXTROL 800-L EXTROL 1000-L EXTROL 1200-L EXTROL 1400-L EXTROL 1600-L EXTROL 2000-L EXTROL

System Fill Water Temperature (Tf):

NOTE: The above sizing example in Metric (SI) and in English are distinct separate problems and do not have equal values.

Computations:
Metric (SI) 1. (0.000 738 x 110 - 0.033 48) 22 000 V = _________________________________ t 300 + 101.3 1 750 + 101.3 2. 1 049.4 liters expanded water Vt = _________________________________ 0.529 acceptance factor 3. V = 1 983.7 liters, minimum EXTROL total volume
t

I. Sizing EXTROL Diaphragm-Type Hydro-Pneumatic Tanks By Formula Method (ASHRAE)

This formula is published by ASHRAE for use in sizing diaphragm-type expansion tanks (see Chapter 15, ASHRAE handbook). It may be used to calculate the approximate size of expansion tanks for systems with design temperatures that lie in the range of 71C. to 137C. (160F - 280F), and with the system fill water temperature assumed to be 4 C. (40F). It is accurate from + 0.5% to -9%. The formula is stated: Metric (SI)

4. Table 1B shows that 2000-L EXTROL has a total volume of 2000 liters. This would be the correct size. English 1. (.00041 x 210 - .0466) 1135 V = _________________________________ t 35 + 14.7 1 65 + 14.7 2. 44.8 gallons expanded water Vt = _________________________________ .376 acceptance factor 3. V = 119.1 gallons, minimum EXTROL total volume
t

(0.000 738t - 0.033 48) V8 Vt = _________________________ P 1- f Po

English (.00041t - .0466) V8 Vt = _________________________ Pf 1 Po where:

Vt = the minimum tank volume t= maximum average design temperature V8 = total system water content Pf = the initial or minimum operating pressure at the tank expressed in kilopascal, absolute (kPA, absolute), or in pounds per square inch, absolute (Psia) Po = the final or maximum operating pressure at the tank expressed in kPa, absolute, or in Psia -3-

4. Table 1A shows that AX-240, AX-240V have a total volume of 132 gallons and will accept up to 46 gallons of expanded water. Either an AX-240, or an AX-240V (vertical style) would be the correct size.

II. Sizing EXTROL Diaphragm-Type Hydro-Pneumatic Tanks By The Critical Sizing Method
This sizing method is recommended when critical sizing is required and/or when system fill temperatures are higher than 4C. (40F). It involves three steps: A. Determining Expanded Water Refer to Tables 5 - Metric or English, Net Expansion Factors for Water... (Note: These tables are excerpts from the complete table of factors for net expansion of water at temperatures from 4C. to 148C. and from 40F. to 300F. as published in the AMTROL Engineering Handbook.) On the horizontal base line find the initial or fill temperature (Tf). On the vertical base line find the final, or maximum average design temperature (t). At the intersection of the two columns, read the net expansion factor. Multiply the total system water content (V8) by the expansion factor to determine the exact amount of expanded water. B. Determining Acceptance Factor Refer to Tables 6 - Metric or English, Acceptance Factors for Initial and Final Pressures. (Note: These tables are excerpts from a complete table of acceptance factors for pressures from 50 kPa, gauge to 1700 kPa, gauge and from 5 psig to 250 psig as published in the AMTROL Engineering Handbook.) On the horizontal base line, Initial, or Fill Pressures (Pf), find the correct pressure value. On the vertical base line, Final, or Maximum Operating Pressure (P0), find the correct pressure value. At the intersection of the two columns, read the acceptance factor. C. Computing EXTROL Size Divide the amount of expanded water by the acceptance factor to determine the minimum total tank volume required (Vt). Amount of expanded water in liter or gallons Or Vt= ________________________________________ Acceptance Factor

Sizing Example Using the Critical Sizing Method:

System Water Volume (V8): Maximum Average Design Temperature(t): Minimum Operating Pressure at the tank (Pf): Maximum Operating Pressure at the tank (Po): 3470 liters 90 C 150 kPa, gauge

Metric (SI) English 4400 gal. 230 F 50 psig

300 kPa, gauge 110 psig 15 C 70 F

System Fill Water Temperature (Tf):

Computations: Metric (SI)

NOTE: The above sizing example in Metric (SI) and in English are distinct separate problems and do not have equal values.

1. From Table 5, find the intersecting point of vertical column, 15C., and horizontal column 90C., and read 0.0323. 2. 0.0323 x 3470 = 112.0 liters expanded water. 3. From Table 6, find the intersecting point of vertical column, 150 kPA, gauge and horizontal column, 300 kPa, gauge and read 0.374. 4. V 112.0 = = 299.5 liters, minimum EXTROL total volume t 0.374 5. Table 7A shows the AX-180, AX-180V have a total volume of 343 liters and will accept up to 131 liters of expanded water Either an AX-180, or an AX-180V (vertical style) will be the correct size. English 1. From Table 5, find the intersecting point of vertical column, 70 F., and horizontal column, 230 F., and read 0.0461. 2. 0.0461 x 4400 = 202.8 gallons of expanded water. 3. From Table 6, find the intersecting point of vertical column, 50 psig, and horizontal column, 110 psig, and read 0.481. 4. V 202.8 = = 421.6 gallons, minimum EXTROL total volume t 0.481 5. Table 7B shows that 1600-L EXTROL has a total volume of 423 gallons. This would be the correct size.

Table 5 - Net Expansion of Water - Metric (SI)

Factors for Calculating Net Expansion of Water
(Gross Expansion Minus System Expansion. Based on Expansion of Metallic System Components) Final Initial Temperature (Tf) C Temp. (t) C 4 10 15 20 25 50 0.010 4 0.010 3 0.009 9 0.009 2 0.008 2 55 0.012 6 0.012 6 0.012 1 0.011 4 0.010 4 60 0.015 0 0.014 9 0.014 5 0.013 8 0.012 8 65 0.017 6 0.017 5 0.017 1 0.016 4 0.015 4 70 0.020 3 0.020 2 0.019 8 0.019 1 0.018 1 75 0.023 2 0.023 0 0.022 6 0.021 9 0.020 9 80 0.026 2 0.026 2 0.025 7 0.025 0 0.024 0 85 0.029 4 0.029 3 0.028 9 0.028 2 0.027 2 90 0.032 7 0.032 7 0.032 3 0.031 6 0.030 6 95 0.036 3 0.036 2 0.035 8 0.035 1 0.034 1 100 0.039 9 0.039 9 0.039 4 0.038 7 0.037 7 105 0.043 7 0.043 7 0.043 3 0.042 6 0.041 6 110 0.047 6 0.047 6 0.047 1 0.046 4 0.045 4 115 0.051 7 0.051 7 0.051 3 0.050 5 0.049 6

30 0.007 0 0.009 1 0.011 6 0.014 2 0.016 9 0.019 7 0.022 8 0.026 0 0.029 3 0.032 9 0.036 5 0.040 3 0.044 2 0.048 3

35 0005 5 0.007 8 0.010 2 0.012 7 0.015 4 0.018 3 0.021 4 0.024 6 0.027 9 0.031 4 0.035 1 0.038 9 0.042 8 0.046 9

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 Table 5 - Net Expansion of Water - English

(Gross Expansion Minus System Expansion. Based on Expansion of Metallic System Components) Final Initial Temperature (Tf) F Temp. (t) F 40 50 60 70 80 90 120 0.0100 0.0099 0.0095 0.0086 0.0074 0.0060 130 0.0124 0.0123 0.0118 0.0109 0.0098 0.0083 140 0.0150 0.0149 0.0145 0.0135 0.0124 0.0110 150 0.0179 0.0178 0.0173 0.0164 0.0153 0.0133 160 0.0209 0.0208 0.0204 0.0194 0.0181 0.0165 170 0.0242 0.0241 0.0236 0.0227 0.0216 0.0201 180 0.0276 0.0275 0.0271 0.0261 0.0250 0.0236 190 0.0313 0.0312 0.0307 0.0298 0.0287 0.0272 200 0.0351 0.0350 0.0346 0.0336 0.0325 0.0311 210 0.0391 0.0390 0.0386 0.0376 0.0365 0.0351 220 0.0434 0.0433 0.0428 0.0419 0.0408 0.0393 230 0.0476 0.0475 0.0471 0.0461 0.0450 0.0436 240 0.0522 0.0521 0.0517 0.0507 0.0496 0.0482

Factors for Calculating Net Expansion of Water

100v 0.0043 0.0066 0.0093 0.0121 0.0148 0.0184 0.0219 0.0255 0.0294 0.0334 0.0376 0.0419 0.0465

110 0.0023 0.0047 0.0073 0.0101 0.0129 0.0165 0.0199 0.0236 0.0274 0.0314 0.0356 0.0399 0.0445

120 0.0023 0.0052 0.0078 0.0109 0.0141 0.0176 0.0212 0.0251 0.0291 0.0333 0.0376 0.0422

Table 6 - Acceptance Factors

(Use Gauge Pressure) P0 - Max. Pf - Minimum Operating Pressure at Tank (psig) Oper. Pressure At Tank 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 (kPa, Gauge) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 0.498 0.332 0.569 0.427 0.623 0.498 0.665 0.554 0.698 0.598 0.726 0.635 0.748 0.665 0.768 0.691 0.784 0.713 0.799 0.732 0.811 0.749 0.822 0.764 0.166 - 0.285 0.142 0.374 0.249 0.443 0.332 0.499 0.399 0.544 0.453 0.582 0.499 0.614 0.537 0.642 0.570 0.666 0.599 0.686 0.624 0.705 0.646 - - - - 0.125 - 0.222 0.111 0.299 0.199 0.363 0.272 0.416 0.333 0.461 0.384 0.499 0.428 0.532 0.466 0.562 0.499 0.584 0.529 - - - - 0.100 0.181 0.249 0.307 0.356 0.399 0.437 0.470 - - - - - 0.091 0.167 0.230 0.285 0.333 0.374 0.411 - - - - - - 0.083 0.154 0.214 0.267 0.312 0.352

Pf (1 ) - Metric (SI) Po

0.077 0.143 0.200 0.250 0.294

Table 6 - Acceptance Factors

(Use Gauge Pressure) P0 - Max. Pf - Minimum Operating Pressure at Tank (psig) Oper. Pressure At Tank 5 10 12 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (Psig) 27 0.527 0.408 0.360 0.288 0.168 - - - - - 30 0.560 0.447 0.403 0.336 0.224 - - - - - 35 0.604 0.503 0.463 0.403 0.302 0.101 - - - - 40 0.640 0.548 0.512 0.457 0.366 0.183 - - - - 45 0.670 0.586 0.553 0.503 0.419 0.251 0.084 - - - 50 0.696 0.618 0.587 0.541 0.464 0.309 0.155 - - - 55 0.717 0.646 0.617 0.574 0.502 0.359 0.215 0.072 - - 60 0.736 0.669 0.643 0.602 0.536 0.402 0.268 0.134 - - 65 0.753 0.690 0.665 0.627 0.565 0.439 0.314 0.188 0.062 - 70 0.767 0.708 0.685 0.649 0.590 0.472 0.354 0.236 0.118 - 75 0.780 0.725 0.702 0.669 0.613 0.502 0.390 0.279 0.167 0.056 80 0.792 0.739 0.718 0.686 0.634 0.528 0.422 0.317 0.211 0.106 90 0.812 0.764 0.745 0.716 0.669 0.573 0.478 0.382 0.287 0.191 0.096 100 0.828 0.785 0.767 0.741 0.698 0.610 0.523 0.436 0.347 0.261 0.174 110 0.842 0.802 0.786 0.762 0.723 0.642 0.561 0.481 0.401 0.321 0.241 -5-

Pf (1 ) - English Po

 (Kilojoule/hour to Liters Conversion Factors) (BTUH to Gallons Conversion Factors) Liter/10 550 KjH Gals./10,000 BTUH At 93.3 C At 82.2 C At 200 F At 180 F

Table 1 - Water Content - Unit Heaters, Fan Coil Units and Convectors
2.42 - - - 0.757 0.757

Relative Density and Volume of Water

0.2 0.2

Convectors Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units

0.64 - -

The mass of one cubic centimeter of water at 4C is taken as unity. The values given are numerically equal to the absolute density in grams per millimeter.
(Smithsonian Tables, compiled from Various Authors) Temp Temp Density Volume Temp Temp Density Volume F 39.2 41.0 42.8 .6 46.4 48.2 50.0 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2 59.0 60.8 62.6 4.4 66.2 68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2 77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2 86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 C -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 +0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 843 869 892 912 945 958 970 979 993 997 999 1.00000 0.99999 997 993 988 981 0.99973 963 952 940 927 0.99913 897 880 862 843 0.99823 802 780 756 732 0.99707 681 654 626 597 0.99567 537 505 473 440 F C +35 0.99406 1.00598 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 371 336 299 262 186 147 107 066 633 669 706 743 821 861 901 943 0.99815 1.00186 95.0 157 96.8 131 98.6 108 100.4 088 102.2 055 105.8 042 107.6 031 109.4 021 11.2 007 114.8 003 116.6 001 118.4 1.00000 1.00001 003 012 019 1.00027 037 048 060 073 1.00087 103 120 157 1.00177 198 221 244 268 1.00294 320 347 375 405 1.00435 466 497 530 563 120.2 122.0 123.8 127.4 129.2 131.0 140.0 149 158.0 167.0 176.0 185.0 194.0 212.0 230.0 248.0 266.0 284.0 302.0 320.0 338.0 356.0 374.0 392.0 410.0 428.0 446.0 464.0 482.0

(Liters Per Lineal Meter - Gallons Per Lineal Foot) Nominal Steel Pipe Pipe Size Inches Liters/Meter Gals/Foot 1/2 0.199 0.016 3/4 0.348 0.028 1 0.559 0.045 1 1/4 0.969 0.078 1 1/2 1.30 0.105 2 2.14 0.172 2 1/2 3.11 0.250 3 4.78 0.385 4 8.28 0.667 5 12.42 1.00 6 18.63 1.50 8 32.66 2.63 10 52.16 4.20 12 73.27 5.90

Table 2 - Volume of Water in Pipe and Tubing

Copper Tube Liters/Meter 0.149 0.310 0.534 0.807 1.14 2.00 3.11 4.43 7.76 12.42 17.39 30.18 46.94 67.06 Gals/Foot 0.012 0.025 0.043 0.065 0.092 0.161 0.250 0.357 0.625 1.00 1.40 2.43 3.78 5.40

0.99930 1.00070 104.0

0.99224 1.00782

0.99987 1.00013 113.0

0.99025 1.00985 0.98982 1.01028 940 896 852 0.98807 762 715 669 621 0.98573 324 059 0.97781 489 0.97183 0.96865 534 192 0.95838 0.9510 0.9434 0.9352 0.9264 0.9173 0.9075 0.8973 0.8866 0.8750 0.8628 0.850 0.837 0.823 0.809 0.794 072 116 162 1.01207 254 301 349 398 1.01448 705 979 1.02270 576 1.02899 1.03237 590 959 1.04342 1.0515 1.0601 1.0693 1.0794 1.0902 1.1019 1.1145 1.1279 1.1429 1.1590 1.177 1.195 1.215 1.236 1.259

007 125.6

Table 3 - Water Content - Heat Exchangers

Shell Dia. Nominal Pipe Size In Inches 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Liters/Meter of Shell Length In Shell In Tubes 5.3 12.4 22.4 29.8 49.7 62.1 80.7 99.3 124.2 186.3

Gals/Foot of Shell Length In Shell In Tubes 0.4 1.0 1.8 2.4 4.0 5.0 6.5 8.0 10.0 15.0 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.2 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.5 5.5 7.5

2.9 6.2 11.2 14.9 27.3 32.3 43.5 55.9 68.3 93.1

138 203.0

Derivation of Net Expansion Factors

(Table 5 - Metric or English)

The net expansion factors listed in Table 5 Degrees Celsius, and Table 5, Degrees Fahrenheit, were derived from the Smithsonian Tables for Relative Density and Volume of Water and an acceptable coefficient of expansion for metallic system components.

Metric (SI) - 3(12.24E-06)t (C) English - 3(6.8 x 10-0)t (F)

Where t = Temperature differential, in degrees, between initial and final temperature.

Method Of Derivation

1. Gross Water Expansion Factor

From the Volume column of the Smithsonian Tables, the figure given for the initial temperature was subtracted from the figure given for the design temperature.
Example: Metric (SI) Final Temperature 90C Initial Temperature 15C Gross Water Expansion English Final Temperature 230F Initial Temperature 70F Gross Water Expansion Smithsonian Tables Volume Column 1.035 90 -1.000 87 0.035 03 1.0515 -1.0021 .0494

2. Piping Expansion Factor

The formula for determining the factor for expansion of the piping was computed: Example: Metric (SI) 3 (12.24E-06)(90-15) = 0.000 036 7 x 75 = 0.002 752 5 English 3(6.8 x 10 -6)(230-70) = .0000204 x 160 = .0032640

3. Net Water Expansion Factor

Gross Water Expansion Less Piping Expansion Net Water Expansion

Metric (SI) 0.035 03 -0.002 752 5 0.032 277 5

English .0494 -.003264 .046136

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CRITICAL SIZING PROCEDURE

THINGS YOU MUST KNOW:
METRIC (SI) ENGLISH
________
gallons

1. Total System Water Content (V8)......................................................................... (1) __________ 2. Temperature of water when system is filled (Tf)................................................... (2) __________ 3. Average Design Temperature (t).......................................................................... (3) __________ 4. Minimum Operating Pressure (Pf)........................................................................ (4) __________ at EXTROL Tank. 5. Maximum Operating Pressure (Po)...................................................................... (5) __________ at EXTROL Tank.

liters (1) C. (2) C. (3) kPa, gauge (4)

________ F. ________ F. ________ PSIG

kPa, gauge

(5) ________ PSIG

SELECTION OF EXTROL MODEL:

6. Enter Total System Water Content (V8) from Line 1............................................ (6) __________
liters (6)

________ gallons

7. Find and enter Net Expansion Factor................................................................ (7)__________ (7) ________ If Lines (2) and (3) are in C., use Table 5-Metric If Lines (2) and (3) are in F., use Table 5-English 8. Multiply Line (6) by Line (0 to arrive at amount of Expanded Water .................. (8) __________
liters (8)

________ gallons

9. Find and enter Acceptance Factor..................................................................... (9)__________ (9) ________ 10. Divide Line (8) by Line (9) and enter answer here............................................... (10)_________ This is Minimum Total EXTROL Volume.
liters (10)

_______ gallons

11. If Line 10 is 498 liters (132 gallons) OR LESS: use Table 7A and find AX Model EXTROL that meets both Total Tank Volume (Line 10) and Acceptance Volume (Line 8).............................................................................. (11) ___________________ AX-Model EXTROL 12. If Line 10 is MORE THAN 498 liters (132 gallons): Use Table 7B and find L Series EXTROL that meets Total Tank Volume (Line 10).............................................................................. (12) ___________________ L Series EXTROL FUNCTION OF SIZING PROCEDURE AS A FORMULA
Expanded Water in liters or gallons (Line 8) Minimum Total EXTROL Volume = _______________________________________ Acceptance Factor (Line 9)

JOB NAME _________________________________________________ LOCATION _________________________________________________ ENGINEER _________________________________________________ CONTRACTOR ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________ SALES REPRESENTATIVE ______________________ _____________________________________________ DATE SUBMITTED _____________________________

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1400 Division Road, West Warwick, RI 02893

T: 401.884.6300

F: 401.885.2567

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AMTROL, the AMTROL logo and EXTROL are registered trademarks of AMTROL Inc. and affiliates in the U.S. and elsewhere. All rights reserved.

Part #: 9003-036 (04/11)