PARUL INSTITUTE ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Electronics and Communication

Subject: Fiber Optic Communication (710405)

Class: M. E 2ndSemEC

Set of QuestionsFor Preparing in GTU Exam

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Unit-I Why optical fiber are so good for communication? Briefly explain anyone application of optical fiber. Explain classification of fiber based on modes of propagation & indexprofile, with Diagram. Compare them.A multimode step index fiber has a relative refractive index difference of1% and a core refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes propagatingat a wavelength of 1.3 m is 1100, Estimate the diameter of the fibercore. Compare and contrast using suitable diagram the outside vapourphaseoxidationprocess & modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) techniquefor the preparation of low cost fiber. Explain how the GVD limits the performance of optical communicationsystem with suitable equation and graph Define:(1)angle of incidence (2)total internal reflection (3) critical angle (4) plane of incidence (5) External reflection (6) internal reflection (7) Snells law Explain the advantages of optical fiber communication in detail. With figure explain double crucible arrangement for drawing fibers frommolten glass. With neat diagram explain the outside vapor-phase oxidation (OVPO) process of fiber fabrication. A typical relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber designed for Long distance transmission is 1% .Estimate the NA and the solid acceptanceAngle in air for the fiber when the core index is 1.46.further calculate the criticalAngle at the core cladding interface within the fiber.It may be assumed that theConcepts of geometric optics hold for the fiber. With neat figures explain the refractive index profile and ray transmission in : 1)Step index fiber. 2)Graded index fiber. A multi mode step index fiber with core diameter of 80m and a relative index Difference of 1.5% is operating at a wavelength of 0.85 m.if the core refractive Index is 1.48. Estimate: 1)The normalized frequency for the fiber. 2)The guided modes. A graded index fiber has a core with parabolic refractive index profile which has a diameter of 50m.the fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.2.estimate the total number of

guided modes propagating in the fiber when it is operating at a wave length of 1m. Unit-II What do you mean by dispersion? How it affects the bandwidth of OFC.Show that the delay difference between extreme meridonial ray and axialray in multimode step index fiber is Ts=(Ln1 )/c. Explain how graded index profile reduces the dispersion.A multimode graded index fiber exhibits total pulse broadening of 0.1sover a distance of 10km. Determine 1- The maximum possible bandwidth on the link assuming no intersymbol interference. 2- The pulse dispersion per unit length 3- The bandwidth length product for the fiber. Explain material dispersion. Calculate the rms pulse broadening perkilometer for the fiber with the material dispersion parameter 95.0 psnm-1km-1, when the optical source used is an injection laser with arelative spectral width / of 0.0012 at a wavelength of 0.85 What is meant by Optical Time Domain Reflectometer? Explain OTDR indetail with required diagram and sketch. Explain intramodal dispersion in detail A 6 km optical link consists of multimode step index fiber with a corerefractive index of 1.5 and a relative refractive index difference of1%.Estimate: (1) The delay difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fiber output. (2) The rms pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion on the link. (3) The maximum bit rate that may be obtained without substantial errors on the link assuming only intermodal dispersion (4) The bandwidth-length product corresponding to (3). With diagram explain Optical Time Domain Reflectometry(OTDR) or theback scatter measurement method in detail. Explain linear scattering losses in optical fiber. Silica has an estimated fictive temperature of 1400K with an isothermal Compressibility Of 7x10-11m2N-1.The refractive index and the photo elastic co-efficient for silica are 1.46 and 0.286 respectively. Determine the theoretical attenuation in dB per kilometer Due to fundamental Rayleigh scattering in silica at optical wavelength of 0.63,Boltzmanns constant is 1.381x10-23JK-1. Explain non linear scattering losses in optical fiber. Derive the equation for material dispersion Parameter M. A glass fiber exhibits material dispersion given by | 2(d2n1/d 2)| of 0.025. Determine the material dispersion parameter at a wavelength of 0.85m. And estimate the rms pulse broadening per kilometer for a good LED source With an rms spectral width of 20nm at this wavelength.

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Unit-III Explain desirable characteristics of good optical source and gooddetector. What do u mean by Einstein relations? Derive expression for Einsteinscoefficients. Compare(i) LED & LASER

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(ii) Spontaneous & stimulated emission (iii) Electrical & optical Bandwidth Explain various LED efficiencies. Derive equations for responsivity. Explain principal of photo detection in OFC.A p-i-n photo diode has a quantum efficiency of 50% at a wavelength of0.9 m. Calculate(i) Its responsivity at 0.9 m (ii) The received optical power if the mean photocurrent is 10-6A. (iii) The corresponding number of received photons at thiswavelength. Draw the block diagram of optical receiver. explain various sources ofnoises in Optical receiver Explain(i) Dispersion shifted fiber (ii) Optical connector (iii) Population inversion A double hetrojunctionInGaAsP LED operating at 1310nm hasradiative and nonradiative recombination times of 30 & 100nsrespectively. The injected current is 40 mA. Calculates(i) Bulk recombination life time (ii) Internal quantum efficiency (iii) Internal power level Derive rate equation for laser diode. A digital optical fiber communication system operating at a wavelength of 1m requires a maximum bit error rate 10-9. Determine minimum incident optical power at the detector in order to achieve the above bit error rate when system is employing ideal binary signaling at 10Mbits/s and assuming the detector is ideal. A double HetrojunctionInGaAsP LED emitting at a peak wavelength of1310nm has radiative and nonradiative recombination times of 30and 100 ns respectively. The drive current is 40mA. Calculate internal quantum efficiency and optical power generate internally. Explain the three key transition processes involved in laser action. Draw and explain the schematic of a high-radiance surface emitting LED Draw and explain the schematic of an edge-emitting double hetrojunctionLED. The radiative and nonradiative recombination lifetimes of minority carriers inthe active region of a heterojunction LED are 60 ns and 100 ns respectively.Determine the total carrier recombination lifetime and the power internallygenerated within the device when the peak emission wavelength is 0.87 m ata drive current of 40 mA. A planar LED is fabricated from gallium arsenide which has a refractive index of 3.6 (1) Calculate the optical power emitted into air as a percentage of theinternal optical power for the device when the transmission factor at the crystal-air interface is 0.68 (2) When the optical power generated internally is 50% of the electrical power supplied, determine the external power efficiency. When 3x1011 photons each with a wave-length of 0.85 m are incident on a photo diode, on average 1.2x1011 electrons are collected at the terminals of the device. Determine the

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quantum efficiency and the responsivity of the photo diode at0.85 m With neat diagram explain the working of p-n photo diode. A photo diode has a quantum efficiency of 65% when photons of energy 1.5x10-19 J are incident upon it (1) At what wave length is the photo diode operating? (2) Calculate the incident optical power required to obtain a photo current of 2.5 A when the photo diode is operating as described above. Draw and explain the structure of edge Emitter LED. Draw and explain the structure of : 1.Front illuminated silicon P-I-N photo diode. 2.Side illuminated silicon P-I-N photo diode. Explain any three-power panelities in optical fiber. Unit-IV What do you mean by optical splicer? Describe various optical splicingTechniques. Write short note on Optical Switches. List Different Types of Electro Optic switches and Explain any one in detail. Unit-V What is the function of optical amplifier? Explain advantage and disadvantage of it. How it differs from repeater. Explain in Brief (i) List nonlinear effect in optical fiber link (ii) Dispersion Shifted Fiber(iii) SRS (Simulated Raman Scattering) Explain setup for a Raman Amplification System. Explain Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier with efficiency & gain equation. Consider an EDFA being pumped at 980nm with 30 mW pumped power. If the gain at 1550nm is 20db then calculate maximum input power. What is soliton? Explain soliton transmitter in detail. What is DWDM ? Write a short note on WDM What is self phase modulation? Explain in detail what is its effect for propagating light wave through fiber cable.

1. The unit no. that is specified above is according to GTU syllabus not as per any book.

Prepared By:
Prof. Ashish V. Gupta Asst. Pofessor(E & C deptt.) P.I.E.T., Limda