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    UGM05 Solar Load Model

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    vahidss
    This document describes solar load modeling capabilities in FLUENT 6.2. There are two methods for calculating solar loads: 1) solar ray tracing and 2) discrete ordinates irradiation. Solar ray tracing tracks sunlight and determines illuminated areas, while discrete ordinates irradiation directly applies solar loads as boundary conditions. A solar calculator computes sunlight direction and intensity based on location and time. Examples demonstrate applying solar load models to outdoor and indoor environments to predict heat fluxes on surfaces.

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    UGM05 Solar Load Model

    Uploaded by

    vahidss
    831 views11 pages
    This document describes solar load modeling capabilities in FLUENT 6.2. There are two methods for calculating solar loads: 1) solar ray tracing and 2) discrete ordinates irradiation. Solar ray tracing tracks sunlight and determines illuminated areas, while discrete ordinates irradiation directly applies solar loads as boundary conditions. A solar calculator computes sunlight direction and intensity based on location and time. Examples demonstrate applying solar load models to outdoor and indoor environments to predict heat fluxes on surfaces.

    Original Description:

    CFD+ Solar -Application in Fluent Solar Load Model in FLUENT 6.2

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document describes solar load modeling capabilities in FLUENT 6.2. There are two methods for calculating solar loads: 1) solar ray tracing and 2) discrete ordinates irradiation. Solar ray tracing tracks sunlight and determines illuminated areas, while discrete ordinates irradiation directly applies solar loads as boundary conditions. A solar calculator computes sunlight direction and intensity based on location and time. Examples demonstrate applying solar load models to outdoor and indoor environments to predict heat fluxes on surfaces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    831 views11 pages

    UGM05 Solar Load Model

    Uploaded by

    vahidss
    This document describes solar load modeling capabilities in FLUENT 6.2. There are two methods for calculating solar loads: 1) solar ray tracing and 2) discrete ordinates irradiation. Solar ray tracing tracks sunlight and determines illuminated areas, while discrete ordinates irradiation directly applies solar loads as boundary conditions. A solar calculator computes sunlight direction and intensity based on location and time. Examples demonstrate applying solar load models to outdoor and indoor environments to predict heat fluxes on surfaces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Solar Load Model in FLUENT 6.

    23 Nov 2005 UGM, Melbourne

    Outline
    Solar Load Model
    Solar Ray Tracing (Method 1) Discrete Ordinates Irradiation (Method 2) Both methods have the option of using the Solar Calculator in Fluent-6

    Examples
    Solar Load Model for Outdoor Solar Load Model for Indoor

    Demonstration

    Solar Load Model


    Calculates the radiation intensity from the sun's rays which enter the domain. Both direct and diffuse solar radiation components are accounted for. Treats the two important bands of radiation (visible and infra-red) separately. Provides a wide range of user choices in terms of computing or specifying solar radiation components:
    Directly: constant, profiles, user-defined Automatically: computed by the Solar Calculator utility

    Visualisation of illuminated and shadow areas.

    Solar Load Model


    Two options are available using the solar load model:
    Solar ray tracing Discrete ordinates (DO) irradiation

    Solar ray tracing can be applied as a stand alone solar loading model, or it can be used in conjunction with one of the FLUENT radiation models (P1, Rosseland, Discrete Transfer, Surface-to-Surface, Discrete Ordinates). DO Irradiation is available only when the Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation model is enabled.

    Solar Load Model


    Radiation Models

    Solar Load Model

    Solar Ray Tracing


    Solar ray tracing is an efficient and practical way to apply solar loads as heat sources in the energy equation. Solar ray tracing algorithm:
    Predicts the illumination energy source from incident solar radiation. It tracks a beam using the sun position vector and illumination values to selected wall, inlet and outlet boundaries that you specify. It performs a face-by-face shading analysis to determine well-defined shadows on all boundary faces and interior walls It then computes the heat flux on each boundary face. The resulting heat flux is coupled to the FLUENT analysis using a source term in the energy equation.

    Solar Ray Tracing


    Inputs required for the solar ray tracing algorithm:
    Sun direction vector Direct solar irradiation Diffuse solar irradiation Spectral fraction Direct Visible and Direct IR absorptivity (opaque wall) Direct Visible and Direct IR absorptivity and transmissivity (semitransparent wall) Diffuse absorptivity and Diffuse transmissivity (semi-transparent wall) Scattering fraction (semi-transparent wall) Ground reflectivity

    Solar Ray Tracing

    DO Irradiation
    Applies solar loads directly to the DO model. The irradiation flux is applied directly to semitransparent walls as a boundary condition. And the radiative heat transfer is derived from the solution of the DO radiative transport equation. Inputs for DO irradiation at semi-transparent walls:
    Total irradiation (direct and diffuse) Beam direction Beam width Diffuse fraction

    DO Irradiation

    Solar Calculator
    For a given time, date, and position the solar calculator computes the solar beam direction and irradiation. These values are used as inputs to both the solar ray tracing and DO Irradiation methods. Inputs required for the solar calculator are:
    Global position (latitude, longitude, time zone) Starting date and time Grid orientation Solar irradiation method (Theoretical Maximum or Fair Weather Condition) Sunshine factor

    Solar Calculator

    Solar Calculator
    Outputs are displayed on the console window whenever the solar calculator is used:
    Sun direction vector Direct normal solar irradiation at earth's surface Diffuse solar irradiation - vertical and horizontal surfaces Ground reflected (diffuse) solar irradiation - vertical surface

    Fair Weather Conditions:


    Sun Direction Vector: X: -0.836605, Y: 0.42895, Z: -0.340725 Sunshine Fraction: 1 Direct Normal Solar Irradiation (at Earth's surface) [W/m^2]: 783.099 Diffuse Solar Irradiation - vertical surface: [W/m^2]: 52.9415 Diffuse Solar Irradiation - horizontal surface [W/m^2]: 66.5895 Ground Reflected Solar Irradiation - vertical surface [W/m^2]: 40.25

    Examples

    Solar Load Model for Outdoor Solar Load Model for Indoor (two cases)

    Example: Outdoor
    Domain
    20m radius hemisphere around an object of 2m height
    sky

    Prediction of:
    Solar heat flux on object walls located in Melbourne (22th of Sept. 2004: 9am, 12pm & 4pm)
    N E

    Boundary Conditions:
    Ground & object: fixed temperature of 15C Surrounding: 15C still air No flow-field calculation

    W S

    ground

    Example: Outdoor
    9am

    12pm

    4pm

    Example: Indoor
    Domain
    2m x 2m x 2m room interior
    roof
    north-wall

    Simulation
    Solar heat flux into a room located in Melbourne (22th of Sept. 2004: 9am, 12pm & 4pm)
    west-wall

    window

    vent-out
    east-wall

    Boundary Conditions
    Vent-in: air 2m/s, 15C ground: 15C Roof & side-walls: h=10W/m2K, 15C, opaque wall Window: h=10W/m2K, 15C, semi-transparent wall Flow-field & thermal calculation

    vent-in

    south-wall

    floor

    Example: Indoor
    9am 9am 9am

    12pm

    12pm

    12pm

    4pm

    4pm

    4pm

    Solar Load Model: Building Services

    Solar Load Model


    Ray tracing algorithm to solve solar radiant energy transport Solar calculator computes position and intensity of sun

    Contours of Total Solar Heat Flux (W/m2)

    FLUENT 6.2

    Solar Load Model: Cabin Interior


    West North

    Semi-Transparent

    East South

    9:30 AM

    Opaque

    Solid Zones

    Solar Heat Flux (w/m2)

    Geometry
    Courtesy of National Renewable Energy Laboratory DO Model used for internal reradiation of the solar energy. Natural convection also Temperature (Celsius) simulated

    9:15 AM

    Demonstration

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