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    48 Sweet Corrosion Rate in Oil and Gas Pipelines

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    uktaindra
    This document discusses methods for determining corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines carrying sweet hydrocarbons. The corrosion rate is calculated based on temperature, CO2 fugacity, and partial pressure. Adjustment factors are then applied to account for carbonate scaling, condensation, oil coating, glycol content, and pH level. The factors modify the corrosion rate based on conditions like water cut, flow velocity, water content, and measured vs calculated pH.

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    48 Sweet Corrosion Rate in Oil and Gas Pipelines

    Uploaded by

    uktaindra
    114 views4 pages
    This document discusses methods for determining corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines carrying sweet hydrocarbons. The corrosion rate is calculated based on temperature, CO2 fugacity, and partial pressure. Adjustment factors are then applied to account for carbonate scaling, condensation, oil coating, glycol content, and pH level. The factors modify the corrosion rate based on conditions like water cut, flow velocity, water content, and measured vs calculated pH.

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    This document discusses methods for determining corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines carrying sweet hydrocarbons. The corrosion rate is calculated based on temperature, CO2 fugacity, and partial pressure. Adjustment factors are then applied to account for carbonate scaling, condensation, oil coating, glycol content, and pH level. The factors modify the corrosion rate based on conditions like water cut, flow velocity, water content, and measured vs calculated pH.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    114 views4 pages

    48 Sweet Corrosion Rate in Oil and Gas Pipelines

    Uploaded by

    uktaindra
    This document discusses methods for determining corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines carrying sweet hydrocarbons. The corrosion rate is calculated based on temperature, CO2 fugacity, and partial pressure. Adjustment factors are then applied to account for carbonate scaling, condensation, oil coating, glycol content, and pH level. The factors modify the corrosion rate based on conditions like water cut, flow velocity, water content, and measured vs calculated pH.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses methods for calculating corrosion rates in oil and gas pipelines based on factors like temperature, CO2 fugacity, scaling, condensation, oil content, glycol content, and pH.

    The document provides an equation for calculating corrosion rates based on temperature and CO2 fugacity. It also describes factors that can be used to adjust the rates based on conditions like scaling and condensation.

    The document describes scaling, condensation, oil content, glycol content, and pH as factors that can influence corrosion rates. Scaling and glycol content in particular are described as potentially reducing corrosion.

    Sweet Corrosion Rate in Oil and Gas Pipelines

    Last Updated Thursday, 03 June 2010 01:02

    Corrosion Determination

    The principal method of sweet corrosion assessment in the pipelines is as follows [1]:

    Corrosion Rates
    The not corrected corrosion rate in pipelines containing sweet hydrocarbon can be calculated using the following equation:

    Where,

    ? =corrosion rate (mm/yr)

    t =temperature in C.

    FCO 2 =fugacity of CO 2 in bar.

    = partial pressure of CO 2 (in bar) x fugacity coefficient

    fugacity coefficient = 10

    (0.0031 - 1.4 / (t + 273) x total pressure)

    The following factors have been derived to adjust the corrosion rates determined from above

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    equation, by de Waard & Smith [2], dependent upon the process stream constituents.

    Carbonate Scaling Factor, F(s)


    The existence of a tenacious iron carbonate film reduces the corrosion rate [4]. The effect of scaling is determined by:

    Log F(s)=10

    (2400/(T)-0.6*Log(FCO )-6.7) 2

    Scaling will only occur at temperatures greater than the scaling temperature, T (K), which is defined by:

    T(scale) = 2400/ (6.7 + 0.6(FCO 2 ))

    Condensation Factor, F(c)


    For wet gas transport, cooling rates and flow rates in pipelines are normally such that condensation rate are far below 0.25 g/(m 2 .s) and for such systems, taking F(c) = 0.1 will cover all conditions in a conservative manner, without having to actually calculate the condensation rates [6]. Therefore:

    F(c)=1/10 for hydrocarbon gas lines.

    This factor should only be applied for top of the line corrosion considerations.

    Oil Factor F(o)


    In hydrocarbon liquid lines with less than 30% water cut and a velocity exceeding 1 m/s, the oil may coat the pipe/equipment surface and prevent corrosion. However, for water cuts in excess of 30% or velocities below 1 m/s protection is not achieved by surface oiling, therefore:

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    Sweet Corrosion Rate in Oil and Gas Pipelines


    Last Updated Thursday, 03 June 2010 01:02

    F(o)=0 if water cut < 30% and crude velocity >1 m/s

    otherwise

    F(o)=1

    Glycol Factor, F(g)


    Glycol has a significant inhibiting effect, being related to the water content. The effect is represented by the formula [7]:

    log(F(g)) =1.6[log(W%)] - 3.2

    Where,

    W%=water content/glycol mixture in wt%

    It should be noted that the Glycol Factor, F(g) should not be used in combination with the Corrosion Inhibitor Factor, F(i).

    A W% value of approximately 25% would be required to satisfy the reduction in corrosion rates to acceptable levels to enable carbon steel with a corrosion allowance to be applied.

    Influence of PH
    The original formula for calculating corrosion rate is based on this assumption that that the free water is the condensed water vapor and consequently, it is water without any dissolved buffering agents. In multiphase systems, there may be formation water present that contains dissolved salts that act to buffer the pH. If the water pH is higher (less acidic) than would be the

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    case with no buffering agent present, then the rate of corrosion will be reduced.

    A pH factor can be calculated from the empirical formula:

    log F(pH) = -0.13(pH measured pH calculated ) 1.6

    Where the calculated pH is derived from:

    pH = 3.71 -0.5.log(pCO2) + 0.00471.t

    Note that the measured pH should be obtained from well fluids at the operational pressure and temperature.

    References: 1. De Waard & Lotz

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