Application of Standard Dry Type Transformers in An Electrical System

Application of Standard Dry Type Transformers in an Electrical System Most utilities will only provide a customer with one
service or electrical system. This system may be either single-phase or three-phase. Single-phase installations will normally be 120/240V AC, 3 wire systems. Three-phase installations could be 240 volt, 3 wire , 480 volt 3 wire, 600 volt, 3 wire, 208Y/120 volt, 4 wire , or 280Y/277 volt,4 wire. These are the most popular installations and their selection can be either on customer preference or availability of the system from the serving utility. With this many choices available , you may wonder why anyone would need a transformer, so let us offer an example. A new industrial plant moves into town and requires an electrical service in their new building. They have a great many motors in use at their company, so they decide it would be more economical to use 480 volt three-phase motors. For this reason they request a 480Y/277 volts three-phase system. This takes care of their motor loads at 480 volts and their office and plant lighting loads at 277 volts. However, to operate their office machinery and incandescent lighting they require 120 volts. They also have some small horsepower motors they want to operate at 208 volts. Since the utility will only provide them with 480Y/277 volt three-phase system , they require a dry-type distribution transformer to provide the 208 and 120 volt loads.
This is the most typical of applications for dry-type distribution transformers. Other applications could be matching the voltage of a motor which does not match your system, isolating a computer or solid state device from system voltage due to voltage drop in an extremely long run of wire. The more important thing is to recognize what transformers can and cannot do . Below is a table of some of those things. Operation Change Voltage Change Frequency Ye s * * No
Convert single -phase current to three-phase current Protect equipment (isolate line voltage from load voltage) *
* Stabilize fluctuating line voltage (constant voltage) Not e Compensate for voltage drop Improve power factor *Note: There are special purpose constant voltage transformers that can do this. Selection of a Transformer: When a customer calls you for help in the selection of a transformer these are things you need to know: 1 What is the voltage of this load? The transformer you select must have an output voltage which matches his load voltage. (dont get confused between system and utilization voltage - See Section V, Paragraph D.) 2 Is the load single-phase or three-phase? Remember the transformer cannot change phases. Three-phase loads must be fed from the three-phase transformer/banks. 3 What is the power requirement for this load? We ultimately need to arrive at a KVA value. If only amps are known, use the full load chart or the following formulas. Single -phase KVA= Volts (loads) x Amps (load)/1000 Three=phase KVA = Volts (load) x Amps (loads) x 3/1000 Where 3 = 1.732 4 What is the frequency(hertz or Hz) of the load and line (source)? Remember, transformers cannot change frequency. Generally, all U.S. power companies generate power at 60 Hz. Therefore, the load must also be rated 60 Hz. * *
5 What is the supply or source voltage? Are primary taps required? 6 Is there a special temperature rise or insulation system requirement ? If not, quote our standard general purpose transformers. 7 Is the transformer to be installed indoors or outdoors? Some transformers, particularly small encapsulated units are rated for indoor or outdoor applications. Others sizes will require the addition of a weather shield for outdoor use. With the above information you should be able to quickly select a transformer from the catalog. Note: Other considerations which may require special units may include, but are not limited to: copper windings; low temperature rise units; units for applications in ambient temperatures higher than 40(C;units to be used at a high altitude above 3300 feet; special impedances; and many others. If requirements arise that do not fit the description of our standard units, be sure to contact your Federal Pacific representatives for assistance.
A critical function of any electricity generation and distribution system is the stepping up or down of voltage at various points in the delivery network. The voltage is stepped up or stepped down at substations using Station Type Transformers. These Station Transformers come in varying sizes, depending on site requirements, but are normally connected to the network through overhead connections which results in exposed HV or LV bushings that necessitate a fence or other protective enclosure for personnel safety and equipment security.

Application of Standard Dry Type Transformers in An Electrical System

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Application of Standard Dry Type Transformers in an Electrical System Most utilities will only provide a customer with one

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