Two Port Circuits
Two Port Circuits
Two Port Circuits
Zidouri
Electric Circuits II
Two-Port Circuits
Two-Port Parameters
Lecture #42
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EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri The material to be covered in this lecture is as follows: o o o o Introduction to two-port circuits The Terminal Equations The Two-Port z-parameters The Two-Port y-parameters
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EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri After finishing this lecture you should be able to: Understand the Importance of Two-Port Circuits Relate the Current and Voltage at One Port to the Current and Voltage at the Other Port. Determine the Two-Port z-parameters Determine the Two-Port y-parameters
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The fundamental principle underlying two-port modeling of a system is that only the terminal variables (i1, v1, i2, and v2) are of interest. -4-
V1
V2
Out these four terminal variables, only two are independent. Thus we can describe a two-port network with just two simultaneous equations. However there are six ways in which to combine the four variables: Impedance Parameters (z-parameters):
V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I 2
V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I 2
(42-1)
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I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 I 2 = y21V1 + y22V2 V1 = h11 I1 + h12V2 I 2 = h21 I1 + h22V2 I1 = g11V1 + g12 I 2 V2 = g 21V1 + g 22 I 2 V1 = a11V2 a12 I 2 I1 = a21V2 a22 I 2 V2 = b11V1 b12 I1 I 2 = b21V1 b22 I1
(42-2)
(42-3)
(42-4)
(42-5)
(42-6)
These six sets of equations may also be considered as three pairs of mutually inverse relations. The coefficients of the variables are called the parameters of the two-port circuit. We refer to the z-parameters, y-parameters, a-parameters, b-parameters, h-parameters and g-parameters of the network.
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V1 z11 V = z 2 21
z12 I1 I1 = z I [ ] I z22 2 2
(42-7)
The values of the parameters can be evaluated by setting I1=0 (input port open-circuited) or I2=0 (output port open-circuited). Thus,
z11 = z21 =
V1 V , z12 = 1 I1 I =0 I 2 I =0 2 1 V2 V , z22 = 2 I1 I =0 I 2 I =0 2 1
(42-8)
The z-parameters are also called the open-circuit impedance parameters: z11= Open-circuit input impedance z12= Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 1 to port 2 z21= Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 2 to port 1 z22= Open-circuit output impedance Example 42-1 illustrates the determination of the z-parameters for a resistive circuit. -7-
EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri Example 42-1 Find the z-parameters for a resistive circuit shown in Fig. 42-3 Solution: To obtain z11 and z21 we connect a voltage V1 (or a current source I1) to port 1 with port 2 open circuited as in Fig. 42-4a.
i1
i2
v1
v2
z11 =
20 20 V1 = = 10 , 40 I1 I =0 2
When I2 is zero, V2
To obtain z12 and z22 we connect a voltage V2 (or a current source I2) to port 2 with port 1 open circuited as in Fig. 42-4b.
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v1
V2
z22 =
15 25 V2 = = 9.375 , 40 I 2 I =0 1
When I1 is zero, V1
Note that each of these parameters is the ratio of a voltage to a current and therefore is an impedance with the dimension of ohms; this is why they are called z-parameters. When z11 = z22 , the two-port network is said to be symmetrical. When the two-port network is linear and has no dependent sources, the transfer impedances are equal (z12=z21), and the two-port network is said to be reciprocal.
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The values of the parameters can be evaluated by setting V1=0 (input port short-circuited) or V2=0 (output port short-circuited). Thus,
y11 = y21 =
I1 I , y12 = 1 V1 V =0 V2 V =0 2 1 I2 I , y22 = 2 V1 V =0 V2 V =0 2 1
(42-10)
The y-parameters are also called the short-circuit admittance parameters: y11= Short-circuit input admittance y12= Short -circuit transfer admittance from port 2 to port 1 y21= Short -circuit transfer admittance from port 1 to port 2 y22= Short -circuit output admittance Example 42-2 illustrates the determination of the y-parameters for a resistive circuit.
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EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri Example 42-2 Obtain the y-parameters for the resistive circuit shown in Fig. 42-5 Solution: To obtain y11 and y21 we connect a current I1 (or a voltage source V1) to input port 1 with output port 2 short circuited as in Fig. 426a.
y11 =
I1 I1 I = = 1 = 0.75S , 4 I V1 V =0 I1 ( 4 2 ) V2 =0 3 1 V2 =0 2
( ) ( )
EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri To obtain y12 and y22 we connect a current source I2 (or a voltage source V2) to port 2 with port 1 short circuited as in Fig. 42-6b.
y22 =
I2 I2 = V2 V =0 I 2 ( 8 2 )
1
= V2 =0
I2 8 I 5 2 V1=0
= 0.625S
When V1 is zero,
I1 =
Note that each of these parameters is the ratio of a current to a voltage and therefore is an admittance with the dimension of siemens; this is why they are called y-parameters.
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EE 205 Dr. A. Zidouri Self Test 42: a) Determine the z-parameters for the circuit in Fig. 42-7 b) Determine the y-parameters for the circuit in Fig. 42-8
Answer: a) z11 = 60
z12 = 40 z22 = 70 z21 = 40 b) y11 = 0.2273S y12 = y21 = 0.0909 S y22 = 0.1364S
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