This document contains solutions to problems from an intermediate math olympiad problem set on analytic trigonometry. It includes step-by-step workings for 10 problems involving trigonometric identities, angle addition formulas, sum and difference identities, and inverse trigonometric functions.
This document contains solutions to problems from an intermediate math olympiad problem set on analytic trigonometry. It includes step-by-step workings for 10 problems involving trigonometric identities, angle addition formulas, sum and difference identities, and inverse trigonometric functions.
This document contains solutions to problems from an intermediate math olympiad problem set on analytic trigonometry. It includes step-by-step workings for 10 problems involving trigonometric identities, angle addition formulas, sum and difference identities, and inverse trigonometric functions.
This document contains solutions to problems from an intermediate math olympiad problem set on analytic trigonometry. It includes step-by-step workings for 10 problems involving trigonometric identities, angle addition formulas, sum and difference identities, and inverse trigonometric functions.
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Math Olympiad and Problem Solving Programs
Name: G220 - Intermediate Math Olympiad Problem Set 4.1 - Analytic Trigonometry Solutions Date:
1. (Let us take all angle measures in degrees). We have sin(75) = sin(30 + 45) = sin 30 cos 45 + 2+ 6 2 6 cos 30 sin 45 = 4 + 4 = . Similarly, we have cos(30 + 45) = cos 30 cos 45 4 6 2 sin 30 sin 45 = . 4 2. First, since 372=360+12, we can replace sin 372 with sin 12 . Our expression then becomes 1 sin 18 cos 12 + cos 18 sin 12 , which is just sin(18 + 12 ) = sin 30 = . 2 3. Letting + = , we have sin sin + cos cos = cos( ), which, of course, is simply cos . 4. We will assume all angle measures are represented in degrees. Let S = cos 20 cos 40 cos 80. Then, multiplying by sin 20 sin 40 sin 80, we have sin 20 sin 40 sin 80S = (sin 20 cos 20)(sin 40 cos 40)(sin 80 cos 80) 1 1 1 = ( sin 40)( sin 80)( sin 160) 2 2 2 1 = sin 40 sin 80 sin 20. 8 Dividing again by sin 20 sin 40 sin 80, we have that S = 1 . 8
5. Squaring the equation, we have sin2 + cos2 + 2 sin cos = .04. Substituting sin2 + cos2 = 1, and 2 sin cos = sin 2, we have sin 2 = .04 1 = .96 . 5 6. Squaring the rst equation, we have sin2 a + sin2 b + 2 sin a sin b = 3 , and squaring the second, 2 2 we have cos a + cos b + 2 cos a cos b = 1. Adding the two, we have sin2 a + cos2 a + sin2 b + 1 8 cos2 b + 2(cos a cos b + sin a sin b) = 2 + 2 cos(a b) = 3 . Simplifying, we have cos(a b) = . 3
7. Let all angle measurements be in degrees. We have sin 50(1 + Note that cos x + Then, we have 3 tan 10) = sin 50 (cos 10 + 3 sin 10). cos 10
3 sin x = 2 sin(x + 30), so the factor is equal to 2 sin(10 + 30) = 2 sin 40. 2 sin 50 sin 40 2 cos 40 sin 40 = cos 10 cos 10 sin 80 = cos 10 cos 10 = cos 10 = 1.
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Math Olympiad and Problem Solving Programs
Name: G220 - Intermediate Math Olympiad Problem Set 4.1 - Analytic Trigonometry Solutions Date:
8. We have (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B ) = tan A tan B + tan A + tan B + 1. Recall that tan(A + B ) = tan A+tan B 1tan A tan B . But since tan(A+B ) = tan 45 = 1, we have that 1tan A tan B = tan A+tan B . Substituting this in, we have tan A tan B + tan A + tan B + 1 = (B) 2 . b ab 9. We prove the two following sum-to-product identities: sin a + sin b = 2 sin( a+ 2 ) cos( 2 ), ab a+b b a+b and cos a + cos b = 2 cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ). For both of these, let us denote u = 2 , v = a 2 , and note that a = u + v, b = u v .
For the rst identity, we have sin a + sin b = sin(u + v ) + sin(u v ) = sin u cos v + sin v cos u + sin u cos v sin v cos u = 2 sin u cos v, as desired. Similarly, we have cos a + cos b = cos(u + v ) + cos(u v ) = cos u cos v sin u sin v + cos u cos v + sin u sin v = 2 cos u cos v. Now, using our identities, we may simplify the expression: sin 10 + sin 20 2 sin 15 cos 5 = cos 10 + cos 20 2 cos 15 cos 5 sin 15 = cos 15 = tan 15 Thus, our answer is (D) tan 15 . 10. Let a, b be reals with cot a = x, cot b = y . Note that cot(cot1 x + cot1 y ) = cot(a + b) = 1 tan(a+b) 1 1 xy 1 1 +y x
1tan a tan b tan a+tan b
. Multiplying by xy , we see that this is equal to
xy 1 x+y .
71 1 3 + Our work now becomes simple: We have cot(cot1 3 + cot1 7) = 33+7 = 20 10 = 2, so cot 211 1 272 = cot1 7 = cot1 2. Similarly, we have cot1 13 + cot1 21 = cot1 13 13+21 = cot 34 81 cot1 8. Our answer is then 10 cot(cot1 2 + cot1 8) = 10 22+8 = 15 .
