MCRMPHotspots Kalimantan

MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands

Jl. M.T. Haryono Kav, 52-53, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia. Fax.+62 (21) 79180456
MARINE & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Package B
SPATIAL DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

ADB Loan No. 1770-INO (SF)
PART A – Hotspot Analysis Kalimantan &

Kabupaten Kotawaringan
Training Manual MCRMP-B – Spatial Modeling Hotspots
Hotspots (10-Jan-99 to 21-Dec-03), elevation, national parks and Kabupaten Kotawaringan

Kalimantan
May 2005
BLACK & VEATCH (International) Ltd

In association with:
Nusantara Systems International
PT EXSA Internasional
PT Multi Tehniktama Prakarsa
MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project
Component B: Spatial Data and Information Management
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................... 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... 3
PART A – SPATIAL MODELING HOTSPOTS KALIMANTAN.................................................................. 3
1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 DATA ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Hotspots .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Forestry Concessions and National Parks ....................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 Land Systems .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 SPATIAL MODELING .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.1 Density Mapping............................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.2 Overlay Analysis............................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 4
3. RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 KALIMANTAN ............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.1 Hotspot Density............................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Tests for Independence.................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN .................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Hotspot Density............................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 Relation to Roads & Elevation...................................................................................................... 10
3.2.3 Roads & Elevation ........................................................................................................................ 13
4. DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 14
5. REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 14
ANNEX 1 – LAND SYSTEMS........................................................................................................................... 15
ANNEX 2 – FORESTRY CONCESSIONS ...................................................................................................... 18
ANNEX 3 – NATIONAL PARKS ..................................................................................................................... 28
Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

PT Nusantara Systems Int., PT Exsa Int. and PT Multi Tehniktama Prakarsa
HotspotsKalimantan.doc 2 BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MCRMP-B consultants were requested to visit Sampit to assist with computer networks and software
installation and commissioning and to contribute to a training workshop designed to socialize the use
of GIS for BAPPEDA and other invited staff.
Discussions with the PIMPRO indicated that forest and peat fires were a major environmental
problem in Kabupaten Kotawaringan. In response MCRMP-B consultants analyzed hotspot data
recorded from 1999 to end of 2003 in relation to spatial density and other factors such as distance from
road and land systems. The purpose of this study was to socialize and demonstrate the use of GIS as a
powerful tool for exploring, visualizing, modeling and analyzing spatial patterns in distribution and
abundance of a phenomenon (in this case hotspots) using a real-world example of a local
environmental problem that has high negative impacts both locally and on nearby neighbors Singapore
and Malaysia. The uncontrolled destruction of forests in Kalimantan has also generated high interest
internationally because of the rapidly diminishing areas of unique tropical rainforest there.
The results of this analysis are presented in two parts: the first describes the methodology used to
analyze the data and reports the results; the second outlines step-by-step the procedures used to do the
analysis.
It is important to stress that GIS analysis itself, although interesting, is not the end product which must
usually be a report that describes and synthesizes the results of the GIS application.
PART A – SPATIAL MODELING HOTSPOTS KALIMANTAN
1. INTRODUCTION
Deforestation in tropical areas is occurring at a rapid rate and there is growing awareness that
deforestation is a global concern as shown by the outcomes of the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Indonesia has vast areas of
natural tropical forest that represents 10% of the world’s total tropical forest area. Large areas are
under private concessions who use selective cutting and planting silviculture methods to log these
areas; maps from the Department of Forestry indicate that 126 companies have concession rights to
log 10,3682 km2 in Kalimantan alone with an additional 318 plantations covering 62,896 km2. More
recently, with ongoing implementation of plans to foster regional autonomy after the economic crisis
that hit Indonesia in 1998 and subsequent “reformasi” there has been debate specifically concerning an
increase in uncontrolled legal and illegal logging because district governments can now issue their
own small forest concessions and collect some revenue.
Clearing of land using fires is used in Kalimantan to improve access for logging and developing
plantations of oil palm. The smoke arising from burn offs causes respiratory problems not only on
local populations but on communities as far away as Malaysia and Singapore. Smoke creates a hazard
for air, land and river transportation because of reduced visibility.
The purpose of this study was to map and analyze in general the spatial patterns in distribution and
abundance of hotspots in Kalimantan and then to explore these patterns in more detail for Kabupaten
Kotawaringan. Understanding and describing these patterns in distribution and abundance are
important for proper and cost effective planning for health, education, monitoring and surveillance
programs.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Area
The study area consisted of Kalimantan for the general analysis and Kabupaten Kotawaringan for
more detailed analysis (Figure 1).


2.2 Data
2.2.1 Hotspots
Hotspot data was obtained from the University of Singapore who use NOAA data for mapping hotpots
in the region.
2.2.2 Forestry Concessions and National Parks
Forestry concessions and National Parks shape files were obtained from Dept. Forestry Jakarta.
2.2.3 Land Systems
Land Systems data was digitized off hardcopy maps of ReppRot circa 1970’s.
2.3 Spatial Modeling
2.3.1 Density Mapping
Point Density calculates the density of point features around each output raster cell. Conceptually, a
neighborhood is defined around each raster cell center, and the number of points that fall within the
neighborhood is totaled and divided by the area of the neighborhood.
If a Population field setting other than NONE is used, items value determines the number of times to
count the point. Thus an item value of 3 would cause the point to be counted as 3 points. The values
can be integer or floating point. If an area unit is selected, the calculated density for the cell is
multiplied by the appropriate factor before it is written to the output raster. For example, if the input
ground units are meters, comparing a unit scale factor of meters to kilometers will result in the values
being different by a multiplier of 1,000,000 (1000 x 1000).
Possible uses include finding density of houses, wildlife observations, or crime reports. The population
field could be used to weigh some points more heavily than others, depending on their meaning, or to
allow one point to represent several observations. For example, one address might represent a
condominium with 6 units, or some crimes might be weighed more severely than others in determining
overall crime levels.
Increasing the radius will not change the calculated density values very much. Although more points
will fall inside the larger neighborhood, this number will be divided by a larger area when calculating
density. The main effect of a larger radius is that density is calculated considering a larger number of
points, which can be further from the raster cell. This results in a more generalized output raster.
Two point density maps were produced: the first was for all Kalimantan and the second was for
Kabupaten Kotawaringin. To prevent edge effects a 20 km buffer was created around the Kabupatan.
For this study simple density was used with radius 10 km and raster cell size of 100 m for Kalimantan
and Kabupaten Kotawaringin. The map was classified based on standard deviations into four
categories: 0 – 1; 1 – 2; 2 – 3 and 3 – 4 using standard deviations (std). The raster map was then
converted to polygons.
2.3.2 Overlay Analysis
Forestry concessions, national parks and land systems were overlain with the reclassified point density
map. Area estimates for all combinations were calculated and presented as percentages of the total.
2.4 Statistical Analysis
Each polygon for national parks, forestry concessions and land systems belonged to a category. Each
hotspot was spatially joined to the polygon it fell within and a sum was kept of the total number of
hotspots in each polygon.
The feature class was next exported to an Excel workbook where a Chi-squared test was used to test
for statistical independence. In this case the independence test was that hotspots were randomly
distributed.


The function CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range) in Excel was used to test for spatial

independence for land systems, forestry concessions and national parks. CHITEST returns the value
from the chi-squared (c2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can
use c2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment.
The Actual_range is the range of data that contains observations to test against expected values.
Expected_range is the range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column
totals to the grand total.
Remarks
• If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHITEST returns the
#N/A error value.
• The c2 test first calculates a c2 statistic using the formula:
where:
Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column
Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column
r = number or rows
c = number of columns
• A low value of c2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, c2 is always
positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j.
• CHITEST returns the probability that a value of the c2 statistic at least as high as the value
calculated by the above formula could have happened by chance under the assumption of
independence. In computing this probability, CHITEST uses the c2 distribution with an
appropriate number of degrees of freedom, df. If r > 1 and c > 1, then df = (r - 1)(c - 1). If r = 1
and c > 1, then df = c - 1 or if r > 1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. r = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is
returned.
3. RESULTS
3.1 Kalimantan
3.1.1 Hotspot Density
There was a total of 32,855 hotspots recorded in Kalimantan from 10-Jan-1999 to 21-Dec-2003
(Figure 1). Visual inspection and point density mapping indicated that most hotspots were located in
southern and north western Kalimantan (Figure 2 & 3).


Figure 1. Elevation, National Parks and Hotspots of Kalimantan recorded from 1999 to end 2003. Blue
hatching: national parks. Red dots: hotspots; cyan: Kabupaten Kotawaringan


Figure 2. Hotspot point density West Kalimantan. Green: 0 – 1; Orange: 1 – 2; and Red: 2 – 3 standard
deviations.


High density of hotspots
Figure 3. Hotspot density shown as base heights overlaying land systems of Kalimantan.
3.1.2 Tests for Independence

Chi-squared tests were performed on hotspots grouped by land system description name, forestry
concessions and national parks. The chi-squared test was for:
(Observed Number of Hotspots – Expected Number of Hotpots)2 / Expected Number of Hotpots
summed over the categories.
The tables used for the Chi-square test are given in Annexes 1, 2 & 3.
Land Systems
There was a significant departure (P < 0.00001) from random distribution of hotspots for Land
System. Examination of the table of observed and expected number of hotspots (Annex 1) indicated
that large departures were present for a number of Land System categories. In particular, those land
systems categories with peat or were flat / undulating low-lying coastal categories had higher than
expected abundance of hotspots whereas mountainous categories or categories with steep slopes had
lower than expected abundance of hotspots.
Forestry Concessions
The number of hotspots in Forestry Concessions also departed significantly from that expected from a
random distribution. There were lower than expected abundance of hotspots for the majority of
concession holders. However, there were a number of instances where the abundance of hotspots was
much larger than expected based on random distribution (Annex 2). Many of these higher than
expected number of hotspots were found in the Kotawaringan area of Kalimantan.


National Parks
With few exceptions national parks had lower than expected hotspots (P < 0.0001) (Annex 3). In a
couple of cases the observed number of hotspots was higher than expected.
3.2 Kabupaten Kotawaringin
3.2.1 Hotspot Density
A total of 4,463 hotspots were recorded over the 1999 to 2003 time interval in Kabupaten
Kotawaringin; this represented more than a tenth (13.58%) of the total number of hotspots recorded in
Kalimantan for that time period (Figure 4). In contrast the area of Kabupaten Kotawaringin, 15,886
km2 was less than 3% (2.96%) of the total area, 536,865 km2, of Kalimantan.
The hotspots that fell within Kabupaten Kotawaringin were selected from the hotspots of Kalimantan
and point density calculated using a 5 km radius and 50 m raster cell size. The resulting map was
reclassified into 4 categories based on standard deviations (1 – 4 standard deviations). This more
detailed modeling indicated that anomalously high areas of hotpots occurred in all Kecematan within
Kabupaten Kotawaringin.
Figure 4. Hotspot point density mapping for Kabupaten Kotawaringin


The density mapping resulted in well over half (56.73%) the hotspots being located in 15.84% of the
study area (Table 1). When the second standard deviation category was included then 83% of hotspots
were within one third (32.5%) the study area.
Table 1. Hotspots and density mapping
HOTSPOT HOTSPOT AREA AREA AREA

STDEV HOTSPOTS %TOTAL SQ KM %TOTAL CUM% HOTSPOT SQKM
1 43 0.96% 9,133.8 32.41% 32.41% 0.0047
2 719 16.11% 9,879.8 35.05% 67.46% 0.0728
3 1169 26.19% 4,706.6 16.70% 84.16% 0.2484
4 2532 56.73% 4,466.0 15.84% 100.00% 0.5670
TOTAL 4463 100.00% 28,186.1 100.00%
3.2.2 Relation to Roads & Elevation

Roads
There was a strong relationship between the number of hotspots and proximity to road (Figure 5 & 6).
Figure 5. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for road buffers.


Figure 6. Number of hotspots with distance from nearest road
Two thirds (63.61%) of the hotspots were located within 10 km of the nearest road which was half the
total study area (49.8%) (Table 2). In contrast one percent (0.69%) were located more than 40 km
away from the nearest road.
Table 2. Breakdown of number of hotspots with distance from road
NO. HOTSPOT HOTSPOT HOTSPOTS AREA AREA AREA

DISTANCE (M) HOTSPOTS %TOTAL CUM% SQ KM SQ KM %TOTAL CUM%
5,000 1567 35.11% 35.11% 0.1828 8,571 30.41% 30.41%
10,000 1272 28.50% 63.61% 0.2327 5,465 19.39% 49.80%
15,000 848 19.00% 82.61% 0.2055 4,127 14.64% 64.44%
20,000 483 10.82% 93.43% 0.1487 3,249 11.53% 75.97%
30,000 262 5.87% 99.31% 0.0606 4,320 15.33% 91.29%
40,000 29 0.65% 99.96% 0.0142 2,045 7.26% 98.55%
50,000 2 0.04% 100.00% 0.0049 409 1.45% 100.00%
TOTAL 4463 100.00% 28,186 100.00%
Elevation
There was a strong relationship between the number of hotspots and elevation (Figure 7 & 8).


Figure 7. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for elevation categories
Figure 8. Hotspot density (No./sq km) for elevation categories


The density of hotspots (0.2309) was highest for elevations between 25 and 50 m and over half the
hotspots (52.33%) occurred in this elevation range (Table 3). The hotspot density decreased rapidly
after this such that elevations greater than 100 m had less than 2% of the hotspots.
Table 3. Breakdown of number of hotspots with elevation
HOTSPOT
NO. HOTSPOT HOTSPOT PER SQ AREA SQ AREA AREA
ELEV. (M) HOTSPOTS %TOTAL CUM% KM KM %TOTAL CUM%
25 2335 52.33% 52.33% 0.2243 10,409 36.93% 36.93%
50 1669 37.40% 89.74% 0.2309 7,228 25.64% 62.58%
100 388 8.70% 98.43% 0.0801 4,846 17.19% 79.77%
150 59 1.32% 99.75% 0.0195 3,020 10.71% 90.49%
225 9 0.20% 99.96% 0.0060 1,493 5.30% 95.78%
325 1 0.02% 99.98% 0.0017 590 2.09% 97.88%
450 1 0.02% 100.00% 0.0029 342 1.21% 99.09%
600 0 0.00% 100.00% 0.0000 184 0.65% 99.74%
1050 0 0.00% 100.00% 0.0000 72 0.26% 100.00%
TOTAL 4462 100.00% 28,185 100.00%
3.2.3 Roads & Elevation

Two-thirds (60%) of the roads mapped in the study area occurred at elevations less than 25 m (Table
4).
Table 4. Roads breakdown by elevation
ELEVATION
(M) KM %TOTAL CUM %
0-25 854.4 59.55% 59.55%
25-50 363.3 25.32% 84.87%
50-100 134.1 9.34% 94.22%
100-150 49.8 3.47% 97.69%
150-225 26.6 1.86% 99.55%
225-325 5.9 0.41% 99.96%
325-450 0.6 0.04% 100.00%
TOTAL 1,434.7 100.00%


4. DISCUSSION
Simple GIS analysis of patterns in distribution and abundance of hotspots in Kalimantan from 1999 to
2003 was useful for exploring relationships between hotspots and proximity to roads, elevation, land
systems, forestry concessions and national parks.
Overlay visualization of hotspots, national parks and elevation clearly showed that few hotspots were
located in mountainous areas where most of the area of national parks occurred.
The relationship between forestry concessions and hotspots was not simple but must be analyzed on a
concession-by-concession and location-by-location basis since some forestry concession areas had
higher than expected hotspots and many other had lower than expected hotspots.
All comparisons and conclusions, however, must be tempered with the fact that the number of
hotspots in Kalimantan is unnaturally high. Further research is required to estimate what the
background natural density of hotspots should be for Kalimantan; fires caused mainly by lightning or
accident.
At a more detailed level of analysis for Kabupaten Kotawaringan hotspot density was highest in the
buffer area 5 – 10 km away from roads and not immediately adjacent roads in the 0 – 5 km buffer
zone. Why this is so remains unclear, however, it is highly likely that not all roads were digitized since
most of the roads in the study area were digitized using Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery with 30 m
pixels. Roads may have been missed because they were not visible in the imagery or clouds obscured
the roads. Alternately clearing using burning may be occurring away from roads because areas
adjacent roads have already been cleared and small access roads were not visible in the imagery.
Regardless, the relationship between hotspots and proximity to roads remains unresolved and requires
further research.
The vast majority of hotspots (98%) occurred in low areas less than 100 m elevation. This correlates
strongly with the length of road in these areas with 94% of roads situated less than 100 m.
The high correlation of hot spots with proximity to roads underlines the importance roads and hence
access by humans plays in explaining the patterns of distribution and abundance of hotspots in
Kabupaten Kotawaringan.
Density mapping resulted in well over half (56.73%) the hotspots being located in 15.84% of the study
area. When the second standard deviation category was included then 83% of hotspots were within
one third (32.5%) the study area. This information can be used to tailor health, education, surveillance
and monitoring programs to target areas worst affected and with highest hotspots.
5. REFERENCES
Silverman, B.W. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall,
1986.


ANNEX 1 – LAND SYSTEMS
Table 5. Land System categories, number of hotspots, area (km2), hotspots km2 and expected number of
hotspots under an assumption of independence. Categories with high departures of observed from
expected are shown in italics.
EXPECTED HOTSPOTS
NO. NO. AREA SQ PER SQ
LAND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION HOTSPOTS HOTSPOTS KM KM
Alluvial floodplains between swamps 1,305 775 12,595.92 0.103605
Asymmetric, non-orientated sedimentary hills 734 1,991 32,376.66 0.022671
Back Swamps 22 19 316.27 0.069561
Back Swamps of inland floodplain 1 10 167.25 0.005979
Coalescent estuarine/riverine plains 516 665 10,805.98 0.047751
Coalescent inland riverine plains 132 194 3,148.77 0.041921
Coastal beach ridges 109 34 553.66 0.196872
Coastal beach ridges and swales 24 46 741.89 0.032350
Deeper peat swamps, commonly domed 368 659 10,718.51 0.034333
Dissected dip slopes of cuestas 6 143 2,324.98 0.002581
Dissected volcanic cones with radial drainage pattern 10 102 1,664.51 0.006008
Dissected volcano 0 9 145.70 0.000000
Eroded mountainous strato-volcanoes with radial drainage 0 394 6,413.01 0.000000
Extremely steep-sides, finger-like volcanic plug 27 31 502.95 0.053683
Flat sandy terraces covered by deeper peat 95 215 3,493.74 0.027191
Flat sandy terraces covered by shallow peat 75 22 365.02 0.205467
High sandstones plateau 0 4 70.90 0.000000
High undulating riverine terraces 46 24 391.68 0.117442
Hillocky acid igneous/metamorphic plains 265 341 5,538.25 0.047849
Hillocky basaltic plains 0 72 1,167.84 0.000000
Hillocky karstic plains 4 102 1,659.86 0.002410
Hillocky plain 2,380 2,702 43,926.30 0.054182
Hillocky plains with cuesta-shaped ridges 25 110 1,788.28 0.013980
Hillocky plains with steep parallel ridges 20 152 2,473.89 0.008084
Hillocky sedimentary plains 2,427 2,903 47,207.11 0.051412
Hillocky sedimentary plains with steep parallel ridges 1 3 51.01 0.019605
Hillocky ultrabasic plains 0 6 92.62 0.000000
Hills with moderately steep dip and steep scarp slopes 21 162 2,642.14 0.007948


Inter-tidal mudflats under mangrove and nipah 253 648 10,539.71 0.024004
Linear, sedimentary ridge systems with steep dip slopes 72 203 3,303.81 0.021793
Long, narrow-crested, steep-sided sedimentary ridges 28 87 1,413.43 0.019810
Marine Terraces 94 164 2,674.13 0.035152
Meander belt or large river with broad levees 79 128 2,086.33 0.037866
Meander belts within very wide river floodplains 89 160 2,599.52 0.034237
Minor valley floors 48 55 886.58 0.054141
Minor valley floors within hills 89 131 2,138.14 0.041625
Moderately dissected lava flows 65 180 2,933.96 0.022154
Moderately steep hills 274 639 10,390.44 0.026370
Mountainous cuestas and circular basin 0 500 8,122.31 0.000000
Mountainous ridges 16 47 758.79 0.021086
Mountainous sandstone cuestas with dissected dip slopes 28 293 4,768.52 0.005872
Mountains 86 2,188 35,582.02 0.002417
No Data 2 63 1,027.25 0.001947
Non-orientated, non-sedimentary hills 363 830 13,497.57 0.026894
Non-orientated, sedimentary mountains 162 2,926 47,580.71 0.003405
Orientated, granite mountain ridge systems 91 286 4,650.61 0.019567
Peat basin margins 2,338 517 8,400.09 0.278330
Peat basins or domes 3,621 822 13,361.40 0.271005
Peat-covered sandy terraces 1,397 545 8,856.65 0.157735
Peat-filled valleys within terraces 933 152 2,476.66 0.376718
Permanently waterlogged floodplains 206 198 3,223.67 0.063902
Permanently waterlogged plains 163 61 984.28 0.165604
Rolling plain and sandy remnant 274 59 953.98 0.287218
Rolling plain and sandy remnants 3,173 987 16,052.64 0.197662
Rolling volcanic plains 22 54 871.05 0.025257
Rugged karst ridges and mountains 70 216 3,517.27 0.019902
Sandstone cuestas with relatively gentle dip slopes 2 21 345.32 0.005792
Shallower peat swamps 1,070 622 10,119.91 0.105732
Steep hills 82 501 8,151.49 0.010060
Steep hills and sub parallel ridges 31 15 246.25 0.125888
Steep karstic blocks and ridges 0 5 74.60 0.000000
Steep narrow ridges 31 121 1,970.79 0.015730


Steep volcanic plugs 0 6 96.70 0.000000
Sub parallel, metamorphic ridge systems 9 8 135.70 0.066323
Swampy floodplains mainly within terraces 122 61 990.06 0.123225
Swampy floodplains of narrow valleys 77 71 1,149.64 0.066977
Terrace remnant 1 8 127.38 0.007851
Tidal (mangrove and nipah) 53 61 984.68 0.053825
Ultrabasic hills 13 13 205.46 0.063272
Ultrabasic/basic mountains 31 112 1,822.91 0.017006
Undulating karst plains 12 24 387.99 0.030929
Undulating karstic plains with hums 188 232 3,777.31 0.049771
Undulating plains (PO2) with several wide valleys 963 524 8,518.17 0.113052
Undulating plains with several wide valleys 227 204 3,322.71 0.068318
Undulating sandy terraces 1,752 695 11,297.81 0.155074
Undulating to rolling non-sedimentary plain 112 162 2,629.03 0.042601
Undulating to rolling sedimentary plain 4,043 2,673 43,469.70 0.093007
Water 29 57 923.86 0.031390
Waterlogged sandy terraces 914 273 4,433.35 0.206165
Waterlogged sandy terraces 354 150 2,437.24 0.145247
Weakly orientated, metamorphic mountain ridge systems 43 143 2,323.89 0.018503
Weakly orientated, non sedimentary mountain ridge systems 44 1,058 17,203.14 0.002558
Wide valley floors containing hillock, within hills 0 2 26.65 0.000000
TOTAL 32,852 32,852 534,167.95


ANNEX 2 – FORESTRY CONCESSIONS

Table 6. Forestry concession name, number of hotspots, area sq km, Hotspots per sq km, and expected
number of hotspots under spatial independence.
AREA HOTSPOTS
NO. EXPECTED SQ PER SQ
FORESTRY CONCESSION HOTSPOTS HOTSPOTS KM KM
PT. ARIA JAYA RAYA 1 1.6 26 0.038091
PT. DAHIAN TIMBER 1 41.1 668 0.001497
PT. GUNUNG MERANTI 1 55.3 899 0.001112
PT. INOCIN ARIA BIMA SARI 1 103.2 1,678 0.000596
PT. KARDA TRADEST LTD 1 58.5 951 0.001052
PT. KAYU ARA JAYA TBR 1 83.4 1,356 0.000738
PT. KUSUMA PERKASA

TIMBER 1 45.5 741 0.00135
PT. MARUWEI TIMBER 1 46.8 761 0.001314
PT. NARA KALIMANTAN 1 44.1 717 0.001394
PT. SARANG SAPTA PUTRA 1 67.9 1,105 0.000905
PT. SINAR BARITO INDAH PLY 1 10.0 163 0.006144
PT. SIPO JAYA TBR 1 37.0 601 0.001664
PT. SUMBER JAYA UTAMA

BARU 1 8.9 144 0.006945
PT. TUNGGAL PAMENANG 1 5.5 89 0.011264
PT.BIRAWA TIMBER CO. LTD. 1 19.6 318 0.003143
PT.DAISY TIMBER 1 35.5 577 0.001733
PT.DAYAK BESAR 1 4.7 76 0.013121
PT.KARYA PARAKAWAN 1 24.6 400 0.002501
PT.KEMAKMURAN 1 82.8 1,346 0.000743
PT.LESTARI GREEN LAND 1 43.9 713 0.001402
PT.PUJI SAMPURNA RAHARJA 1 30.6 497 0.002012
PT.RODA MAS 1 31.6 515 0.001944
PT.SUMALINDO HUTANI JAYA 1 7.2 117 0.008518
PT.TANJUNG REDEP HUTANI 1 58.1 944 0.001059
PT. KARUNIA WANA IKA 2 29.9 485 0.004121
PT. KAYU TRIBUANA 2 74.1 1,204 0.001661
PT. MANIMBUN JAYA 2 65.8 1,070 0.001869
PT. PONTI JAYA I 2 5.8 94 0.021247


PT. SINAR BARITO INDAH 2 8.1 131 0.01526
PT. TIMBER DANA 2 5.9 96 0.020857
PT.BDBJR 2 8.4 137 0.014651
PT.INHUTANI I/PT.POROSIDA
TRADING 2 68.0 1,105 0.00181
PT.INHUTANI II Ex. PT.TANAH

GROGOT 2 45.6 741 0.002699
PT.KALIMEX 2 6.2 100 0.019956
PT.KARTIKA KAPUAS SARI 2 31.1 506 0.003953
PT.METRO DAYA BUANA 2 47.8 777 0.002573
PT.PAKAR MULA BHAKTI 2 26.6 433 0.004617
PT.SYLVIA ERY TIMBER 2 34.2 556 0.003599
PT. BUMI RAYA UTAMA WOOD

INDUSTRIES 3 103.8 1,687 0.001778
PT. DACRYDIUM II 3 43.9 714 0.004201
PT. HALISA 3 45.5 740 0.004051
PT. LANJAK DERAS 3 37.6 611 0.004907
PT. SBIP 3 34.4 559 0.005365
PT. SIKATAN WANA RAYA 3 32.4 527 0.005688
PT.BALTIMUR TIMBER 3 46.2 751 0.003993
PT.BERAU TIMUR 3 14.5 235 0.012749
PT.BINA LESTARI 3 51.8 843 0.00356
PT.ESSAM TIMBER 3 225.2 3,661 0.000819
PT.GELORA DAYAK BESAR 3 40.5 659 0.004553
PT.GIRI EKA WANA 3 64.2 1,044 0.002874
PT.INDONESIA MERANTI
TIMBER 3 22.5 365 0.008209
PT.LIMBANG PRAJA COMPANY

LTD 3 33.3 541 0.005543
PT.OCEANIAS TIMBER
PRODUCT 3 128.2 2,084 0.001439
Ex. PT.ALAS KUSUMA 4 24.8 403 0.009927
PT. ANEKA MIRI 4 17.3 281 0.014249
PT. ANTANG KALIMANTAN 4 29.0 472 0.008473
PT. BUMI INDAH JAYA 4 5.9 95 0.042
PT. ERNA DJULIAWATI 4 101.4 1,649 0.002426
4 130.8 2,126 0.001881

PT.DUTA RENDRA MULYA


SEJAHTERA
PT.PANTAI HARAPAN 4 10.5 170 0.023517
PT.SUMALINDO LESTARI JAYA

II 4 173.7 2,824 0.001417
HUTAN NEGARA 5 16.8 273 0.018338
PT. DAYA SAKTI TIMBER CORP 5 7.9 128 0.038981
PT.BENGEN TIMBER 5 41.4 674 0.00742
PT.DAYAK BESAR AGUNG

CORP 5 118.9 1,933 0.002587
PT.DAYAK BESAR VINCENT 5 81.1 1,319 0.003792
PT.EDI MULYA 5 46.0 747 0.00669
PT.GUNUNG PUTIH INDAH 5 11.2 181 0.027549
PT.INHUTANI II 5 37.8 615 0.008132
PT.LESTARI JAYA UTAMA 5 19.0 308 0.01622
PT.MERANTI SAKTI SAKTI

INDONESIA 5 18.8 306 0.016328
PT. BERKAT CAHAYA 6 107.9 1,754 0.003421
PT. KARTIKA BORNEO 6 6.9 113 0.0533
PT. KAYU MAS RATU 6 61.3 997 0.006018
PT. SIPO JAYA 6 8.2 133 0.045233
PT.RANGGA KUSUMA 6 20.8 339 0.017708
PT.SEGARA INDOCHEM 6 18.1 294 0.020399
PT. BARITO PACIFIC LUMBER 7 44.5 723 0.009678
PT. BERKAT CAHAYA TIMBER 7 21.7 353 0.019818
PT. CARUSINDO 7 36.8 599 0.011686
PT. HUTAN DOMAS RAYA 7 148.2 2,410 0.002904
PT. KURNIA KAPUAS 7 23.2 377 0.018558
PT. WANA SAWIT 7 4.3 70 0.100674
PT.INHUTANI 7 14.4 235 0.029799
PT.DJAYANTI DJAYA 8 24.2 393 0.020342
PT. INKA RAYA 9 11.4 185 0.048766
PT. TANJUNG RAYA 9 50.2 817 0.01102
PT. TRIKAKA 9 60.5 983 0.009152
PT.HANURATA 9 194.3 3,159 0.002849
PT.KIANI HUTANI LESTARI (Ex.

PT.GEORGIA PACIFIC IND.) 9 45.6 742 0.012125


PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER

UNIT I 9 20.5 333 0.027062
PT. DWIMA JAYA UTAMA 10 97.7 1,588 0.006297
PT. HARJOHN TIMBER 10 53.9 877 0.011404
PT. PELITA RIMBA ALAM 10 32.7 532 0.018788
PT. PONTI JAYA II 10 10.6 172 0.05822
PT. TALAWANG 10 13.0 212 0.04713
PT. WIRA SARAYA UTAMA 10 14.2 231 0.043217
PT.MSK TIMBER 10 14.8 241 0.041531
PT.RATAH TIMBER 10 95.4 1,551 0.006449
PT. ALAM INDAH RAYA 11 66.6 1,084 0.010152
PT. BULIND TRADING

COMPANY 11 39.6 644 0.017086
PT. JAYANTI JAYA 11 162.7 2,646 0.004157
PT. SUMBER BARU JAYA

UTAMA 11 21.3 347 0.031746
PT. TIGA BADANG SANAK III 11 9.5 154 0.071419
PT.INHUTANI I (Ex. PT.SANI

MULYA ABADI) 11 13.6 221 0.049761
PT.WEYER HAUSER 11 16.6 270 0.040701
PT. CAKRA ALAM 12 45.0 731 0.016415
PT. KAWEDAR MUKTI 12 58.7 954 0.012579
PT. KLI 12 21.0 341 0.035148
PT. PONTI JAYA III 12 3.3 54 0.221503
PT. SAJ 12 9.1 149 0.080705
PT. BUMI INDAH RAYA 13 51.2 833 0.015608
PT. GOOD TMBER CORP 13 38.3 623 0.020868
PT.KARYAYASA KENCANA 13 25.3 411 0.031637
PT. AYA TIMBER 14 37.6 612 0.022894
PT.GUNUNG RAYA UTAMA

TIMBER INDUSTRIES 14 35.4 575 0.024355
PT. FIRST RACHMAT 15 45.2 735 0.020398
PT. KAYU WAJA 15 49.0 796 0.018838
PT.INHUTANI Ex. PT.INNE

DONG HWA DEVELEPMENT
CO. LTD. 15 77.3 1,258 0.011927
PT. BENUA INDAH 16 85.7 1,393 0.011484


PT. PAPA GUNA 16 50.7 825 0.019396
PT. PURUK CAHU JAYA 16 173.8 2,825 0.005663
PT.SUMBER MAS TIMBER I 16 33.0 536 0.029854
PT.ALAS HELAU 17 207.5 3,374 0.005039
PT.PERSADA BUMI HIJAU 17 91.4 1,487 0.011436
PIR.PERKEBUNAN 18 2.9 47 0.382022
PT. HASAL AGUNG LUMBER 18 23.8 387 0.046572
PT. KALIMANTAN SARI 18 40.3 656 0.027451
PT. TRI IKA SARI 18 49.3 802 0.022441
PT.KAYAN RIVER TIMBER 19 175.1 2,847 0.006675
PT. PUNCAK SAWMILL 20 61.6 1,002 0.019968
PT. RAJA RIMBA 20 58.7 955 0.020943
PT.KAYU MAHAKAM 21 27.6 448 0.046837
EX PT. KRIDA PERKASA 22 6.0 98 0.224213
PT. HUTAN MULYA 22 56.1 913 0.024102
PT. MARISON II 22 12.6 205 0.107152
PT. SARITAMA INDAH RAYA 22 28.5 463 0.047516
PT. SUMPOL TIMBER 22 42.1 685 0.032116
PT. YOHANES ARNOLD P 22 42.6 693 0.031762
PT. FAJAR KAHAYAN 23 46.4 755 0.030453
PT. PALANGKA NUSANTARA 23 60.3 981 0.02345
PT.ALAS KUSUMA 23 26.7 434 0.053004
PT.KIANI LESTARI (Ex.

PT.GEORGIA PASIPFIC IND.) 24 188.6 3,066 0.007827
PT. GIAT 25 90.9 1,478 0.016919
PT. RIMBA RAMIN PONTIANAK 25 63.3 1,029 0.024294
PT.BALIKPAPAN FORREST
INDUSTRIES 25 141.1 2,294 0.010898
PT.ROSMATIKA UNIT I 25 33.9 551 0.045405
BUKIT RAYA (HSA-W) 26 262.7 4,272 0.006086
PT. ADO JAYA 26 64.8 1,054 0.024677
PT. HENDRATNA PLYWOOD 26 15.7 255 0.101984
PT. YAYANG INDONESIA 26 26.7 435 0.059816
PT.TELAGA MAS
KALIMANTAN COMPANY 26 61.4 998 0.02606
TN KUTAI 26 134.4 2,185 0.0119


PT.INHUTANI I (Ex.
PT.SANGKULIRANG) 27 61.7 1,003 0.026908
PT.LIMBANG GANECA 27 105.9 1,721 0.015684
PT. BRATAJAYA UTAMA 28 30.2 491 0.056982
PT. MELANT 28 38.0 618 0.045283
PT. SUKA JAYA MAKMUR 28 183.2 2,979 0.009401
PERK.PT. SAPTA KARYA

DAMAI 29 6.5 105 0.275759
PT. BATARUNG 29 38.3 622 0.046611
PT. EMIL TIMBER 29 27.7 450 0.064486
PT SUKA JAYA MAKMUR 30 14.1 229 0.131265
PT. BRAJATAMA 30 51.4 836 0.035903
PT. INYUNITAS 30 72.0 1,170 0.025638
PT.TRIWIRA ASTRA BHARATA 30 40.3 655 0.04583
PT. DAYAK BESAR TIMBER

COY 31 102.9 1,673 0.018533
PT. GELORA AGUNG 31 29.2 475 0.065236
PT. INHUTANI 31 37.6 612 0.050673
PT. SEBANGAU BESAR 32 42.7 695 0.04604
PT.RIMBA AGUNG 32 10.3 167 0.191111
PT. FIRST LAMANDAU TIMBER

INT 34 81.1 1,319 0.025779
PT. DAYA SAKTI TMB 35 27.2 442 0.079134
PT. LAMANDAU UTAMA JAYA 35 85.9 1,397 0.025051
PT.IHM 36 139.2 2,263 0.015905
PT. BATARUNG INH III 37 43.7 711 0.052023
PT. ERNA JULIAWATI 37 67.8 1,102 0.033585
PT. ANURAGA 38 28.1 456 0.083315
HL 39 1,671.0 27,170 0.001435
PT. WANAWATI UTAMA 39 112.5 1,830 0.021312
PT. KAYU LAPIS INDONESIA 40 80.9 1,315 0.030407
PT. SEHATI RUNGAN 41 25.4 413 0.099192
PT. KAYU PAPA ENTI 42 43.9 713 0.058901
PT. KAYU BATANG KARANG 44 15.2 248 0.177752
PT. RIMBAYU BARITO 44 69.9 1,136 0.038735
PT. ANTANG PERMATA

TIMBER 45 32.2 524 0.085869


PT. BINA PRAJA INDAH 45 16.6 269 0.167011
PT. PUSAKA JAYA AGUNG 45 24.8 404 0.111459
PT. SARI BUMI KUSUMA 45 174.1 2,831 0.015894
PT.NATA MARGA BUANA 45 22.3 362 0.1242
PT.GOMPU INDONESIA 48 68.9 1,120 0.042857
PT. SINDO LUMBER 50 69.4 1,128 0.044338
PT.TIMBER DANA 50 96.7 1,572 0.031808
PT. ALAM UNDA 51 35.2 572 0.08912
PT. DAYA SAKTI 52 14.1 229 0.227392
PT. DAYA SAKTI TMB CORP 52 9.8 159 0.327485
PT.KAYUMAS TIMBER 53 128.2 2,085 0.025421
PT. SATYA JAYA RAYA 54 39.5 642 0.08405
PT. PULAU MAYA 55 25.3 412 0.133537
PT.JATITRIN CO. LTD. 55 14.3 233 0.236459
PT. KALANG MURNI 57 61.0 992 0.057459
PT.SENTOSA KALIMANTAN
JAYA 57 20.0 325 0.175256
PT. KAPUAS SAKTI UTAMA 58 32.6 530 0.109495
Ex. PT.HAYAM WURUK 64 79.4 1,291 0.049592
PT. TIGA BADANG SANAK 64 50.8 827 0.077406
PT.INH III(EX.PT.KATINGAN
TMB) 71 83.7 1,361 0.052165
PT. SUNGAI SEBELONGAN

JAYA 74 48.9 795 0.093124
Ex. PT.SYLVA DUTA CORP 75 31.4 510 0.146975
PT. SETIA ALAM JAYA 75 24.0 390 0.192176
PT. MARSELA WANA

SEKAWAN 76 38.1 620 0.122572
PT. AUSTRAL BINA 81 156.8 2,549 0.031772
PT.INHUTANI II Ex. PT.SUMBER

RAYON RAYA 81 79.1 1,286 0.062984
PT. SUKA BUDI MULYA 85 30.7 499 0.170306
PT. DUAJA CORP 86 112.5 1,830 0.046996
PT.DHARMA SATYA
NUSANTARA 87 127.7 2,077 0.041897
PT.MERATUS KALIMANTAN
TIMBER 87 58.2 947 0.091866


PT. MEDANG KARANG 88 71.4 1,161 0.075765
PT. KOREA DEVELOPMENT CO

LTD 92 171.5 2,788 0.033001
PT. BPL 93 27.0 439 0.211621
PT. KURNAIN 93 26.3 427 0.217626
PT.NEW TIMBER RAYA CORP 96 42.7 694 0.138419
PT. PERSADA KAWI

INDUSTRIAL & TRAD. 101 66.9 1,089 0.092782
PT. MENTAYA KALANG 102 41.9 682 0.14957
PT.MARIMUN TIMBER 102 26.6 433 0.235826
PT. BATASAN 106 83.7 1,361 0.077863
PT. DELAPAN DELAPAN 107 148.5 2,415 0.044306
HSA-W 109 126.9 2,064 0.052809
PT. GEMPITA KALTENG 113 34.6 563 0.200754
PT. TANJUNG PURA SAKTI 113 90.6 1,473 0.076698
PT. HUTAN KINTAP 114 86.6 1,408 0.080971
PT. PAMUKAN JAYA 114 80.2 1,304 0.087452
PT. BINTANG ARUT 116 51.6 838 0.138352
PT. TAWANG MERANTI 119 70.4 1,144 0.104013
PT.ITCI 123 286.4 4,657 0.026412
PT. MARAGA DAYA WOOD

WORKS 126 107.0 1,740 0.072405
PT. YUSMIN TRADING 134 53.9 876 0.152972
PT. RIMBA KARYA

KALIMANTAN 135 75.3 1,225 0.110224
PT.HARIATI TIMBER INDS. 135 127.6 2,074 0.065092
PT.INHUTANI I 138 1,044.7 16,986 0.008124
PT. MARISON I 149 47.1 766 0.194544
PT. PAMINGGIR 151 65.7 1,069 0.141294
PT. GUNTUR GEMPITA 152 44.1 717 0.21199
PT. TALAWANG INHUTANI III 154 42.2 686 0.224452
PT. SARMIENTO PARAKANCA

TMB 156 210.6 3,425 0.045546
PT.JAMAKER 170 118.2 1,922 0.088449
PT. HARAPAN KITA UTAMA 185 121.4 1,974 0.093737
PT. GELORA DAYAK BESAR 187 225.3 3,663 0.05105
PT. ANDALAN RAYA 189 48.0 780 0.242164


PT. BINA SAMAKTHA 190 109.8 1,785 0.106468
PT. KATUNEN 194 45.0 732 0.264981
PT. MENGKATIP 197 29.4 478 0.411741
PT. DAYA BUDHI DHARMA 198 44.4 722 0.274121
PT. BINA DAYA TETRA 210 125.5 2,040 0.102933
PT. KAYU PESAGUHAN 222 86.2 1,402 0.158323
PT. BARITO BARU UTAMA 236 89.2 1,450 0.162771
PT. HUTAN RAYA UTAMA 237 58.2 946 0.250495
PT. PERKASA WANA 243 79.2 1,288 0.188638
PT. ARIA JAYA 249 57.2 929 0.267887
PT.INH III(EX.KAYU KLABAN

TMB) 266 55.1 895 0.297163
PT. NUSANTARA PLYWOOD 267 123.5 2,008 0.13299
PT. TUNAS INDO TIMBER 274 61.6 1,001 0.273725
PT. ANGKASA WANA 315 58.1 944 0.333689
PT. INHUTANI II 369 294.5 4,789 0.077049
PT. SINJAL DJAYA LTD 412 51.5 838 0.491832
PT. SUMBER ALAM MURNI 413 43.5 707 0.584005
PT. SEHATI BARITO 421 100.3 1,631 0.258161
PT. SIMAANGGANGHAYU 440 128.4 2,087 0.210813
PT. DJAYANTI 456 119.5 1,943 0.234728
PT. INDO KAYU 509 115.4 1,876 0.271261
PT. GAJAH SENO SAKTI 515 93.7 1,523 0.33806
PT. INHUTANI III 546 460.4 7,487 0.07293
PT. DAYA SAKTI TIMBER 560 190.9 3,103 0.18045
PT. BALAMBIT 570 66.7 1,084 0.525629
PT. SALAWATI MAKMUR 605 219.3 3,566 0.169677
PT. LAMJAYA UTAMA 755 70.7 1,150 0.65642
TN. TANJUNG PUTING 775 179.0 2,911 0.266248
PT.INH III EX.KARANG S.M 802 245.3 3,989 0.201055
PT. SINAR WEST KALIMANTAN 891 136.7 2,222 0.40092
PT. KAHAYAN LUMBER 1,303 115.0 1,870 0.696966
PT. INHUTAN III 2,036 525.8 8,549 0.238155
PT.SUMBER SEJAHTERA 0 3.3 54 0
PT.SURAPATI PERKASA CORP 0 76.8 1,249 0


PT.SUWARAN JAYA KUSUMA 0 21.6 352 0
PT.TABALAR WOOD
INDUSTRIES 0 40.8 663 0
PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER 0 11.3 184 0
PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER SP

UNIT III 0 35.0 570 0
PT.TUNGGAL YUSI TIMBER 0 5.6 92 0
PT.TWI 0 1.0 16 0
PT.WANA RIMBA KENCANA 0 45.7 743 0
No forestry concession 8,762 9,581.1 155,787
Forestry Concessions Combined 24,090 23,270.9 378,381
TOTAL 32,852 32,852.0 534,168


ANNEX 3 – NATIONAL PARKS
Table 7. National Parks, number of hotspots, area sq km, Hotspots per sq km, and expected number of
hotspots under spatial independence.
NO. AREA HOTSPOTS EXPECTED

NATIONAL PARK HOTSPOTS SQKM PER SQKM HOTSPOTS
Apar Besar 125 2,370.38 0.05273 145.8
Apo Kayan NR/BR 2 948.02 0.00211 58.3
Batu Kristal 0 37.29 0.00000 2.3
Bentuang Karimun 2 7,858.62 0.00025 483.3
Bukit Baka 0 535.05 0.00000 32.9
Bukit Batikap I,II & III 1 8,434.46 0.00012 518.7
Bukit Batutenobang 3 4,643.16 0.00065 285.6
Bukit Perai 23 1,825.68 0.01260 112.3
Bukit Raya 0 1,325.45 0.00000 81.5
Bukit Raya (Perluasan) 17 3,290.94 0.00517 202.4
Bukit Rongga 13 1,376.58 0.00944 84.7
Bukit Soeharto 55 835.92 0.06580 51.4
Bukit Tangkiling 0 50.59 0.00000 3.1
Danau Sentarum 19 897.86 0.02116 55.2
Gunung Berau 1 1,591.07 0.00063 97.9
Gunung Lumut 0 501.56 0.00000 30.8
Gunung Niut/Gunung Becapa 9 1,407.18 0.00640 86.5
Gunung Palung 14 1,073.60 0.01304 66.0
Gunung Raya Pasi 0 52.80 0.00000 3.2
Gunung Sebatung NR (Pulau Laut) 0 18.28 0.00000 1.1
Gunung Tunggal 52 637.88 0.08152 39.2
Hutan Kapur Sangkulirang 3 2,149.37 0.00140 132.2
Kaya Kuku NR (Kalimantan) 6 69.69 0.08609 4.3
Kayan Mentarang 0 1,316.91 0.00000 81.0
Kelompok Hutan Kahayan 409 1,391.21 0.29399 85.6
Kelompok Hutan Sambas 0 395.84 0.00000 24.3
Kelumpang Baai 4 245.61 0.01629 15.1
Kep Karimata 0 903.11 0.00000 55.5


Kuala Kayan 2 613.50 0.00326 37.7
Kutai 13 2,247.21 0.00578 138.2
Long Bangun 0 3,550.01 0.00000 218.3
Mandor 42 53.67 0.78261 3.3
Meratus Hulu Barabai 24 978.87 0.02452 60.2
Muara Kaman Sedulang 13 862.44 0.01507 53.0
Muara Kayan 28 915.53 0.03058 56.3
Muara Kendawangan 138 1,376.10 0.10028 84.6
Muara Sebuku 9 570.28 0.01578 35.1
Pamukan 29 317.07 0.09146 19.5
Pantai Samarinda 36 325.43 0.11062 20.0
Pararawen Baru 7 813.69 0.00860 50.0
Pararawen I,II 0 39.23 0.00000 2.4
Perairan Sungai Mahakam 51 1,226.34 0.04159 75.4
Pleihari Martapura 148 1,349.46 0.10967 83.0
Pleihari Tanah Laut 11 406.50 0.02706 25.0
Pulau Maratua-Karang Muaras 0 1,822.20 0.00000 112.1
Pulau Sebuku 7 169.82 0.04122 10.4
Pulau Suwangi 1 201.40 0.00497 12.4
Sesulu 3 1,353.82 0.00222 83.3
Sungai Berambai 0 780.15 0.00000 48.0
Sungai Kayan Sungai Mentarang 9 18,102.82 0.00050 1,113.3
Tanjung Dewa Barat 3 237.63 0.01262 14.6
Tanjung Penghujan NR/RP 25 276.82 0.09031 17.0
Tanjung Puting 829 3,971.21 0.20875 244.2
Rest 30,666 445,422.63 0.05741 27,394.0
National Parks Combined 2,186 88,745.32 5,457.9
TOTAL 32,852 534,167.95 32,852.0


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MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES

Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands

MARINE & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

SPATIAL DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

PART A – Hotspot Analysis Kalimantan &

Hotspots (10-Jan-99 to 21-Dec-03), elevation, national parks and Kabupaten Kotawaringan

BLACK & VEATCH (International) Ltd

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

HotspotsKalimantan.doc 2 BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

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The function CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range) in Excel was used to test for spatial

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

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Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

HotspotsKalimantan.doc 6 BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

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High density of hotspots

3.1.2 Tests for Independence

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Figure 4. Hotspot point density mapping for Kabupaten Kotawaringin

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HOTSPOT HOTSPOT AREA AREA AREA

1 43 0.96% 9,133.8 32.41% 32.41% 0.0047

2 719 16.11% 9,879.8 35.05% 67.46% 0.0728

3 1169 26.19% 4,706.6 16.70% 84.16% 0.2484

4 2532 56.73% 4,466.0 15.84% 100.00% 0.5670

TOTAL 4463 100.00% 28,186.1 100.00%

3.2.2 Relation to Roads & Elevation

Figure 5. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for road buffers.

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Figure 6. Number of hotspots with distance from nearest road

NO. HOTSPOT HOTSPOT HOTSPOTS AREA AREA AREA

5,000 1567 35.11% 35.11% 0.1828 8,571 30.41% 30.41%

10,000 1272 28.50% 63.61% 0.2327 5,465 19.39% 49.80%

15,000 848 19.00% 82.61% 0.2055 4,127 14.64% 64.44%

20,000 483 10.82% 93.43% 0.1487 3,249 11.53% 75.97%

30,000 262 5.87% 99.31% 0.0606 4,320 15.33% 91.29%

40,000 29 0.65% 99.96% 0.0142 2,045 7.26% 98.55%

50,000 2 0.04% 100.00% 0.0049 409 1.45% 100.00%

TOTAL 4463 100.00% 28,186 100.00%

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

HotspotsKalimantan.doc 11 BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

Figure 7. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for elevation categories

Figure 8. Hotspot density (No./sq km) for elevation categories

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

HotspotsKalimantan.doc 12 BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

Table 3. Breakdown of number of hotspots with elevation

25 2335 52.33% 52.33% 0.2243 10,409 36.93% 36.93%

50 1669 37.40% 89.74% 0.2309 7,228 25.64% 62.58%

100 388 8.70% 98.43% 0.0801 4,846 17.19% 79.77%