Applied Mathematics, 2012, 3, 64-72

doi:10.4236/am.2012.31011 Published Online January 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/am)

Non-Linear Analysis of Vibrations of Non-Linear System
Subjected to Multi-Excitation Forces via a Non-Linear
Absorber
Taha H. El-Ghareeb
1
, Yaser S. Hamed
2
, Mohamed S. Abd Elkader
2

1
Department of Medical Archives, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taif University,
Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Taif University,
Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Email: [email protected]

Received October 26, 2011; revised December 7, 2011; accepted December 16, 2011
ABSTRACT
The dynamic response of mechanical and civil structures subjected to high-amplitude vibration is often dangerous and
undesirable. Sometimes controlled vibration is desirable as in the machinery used in the formation of rigid hard material
as Ceramics and diamond. This process is done via the passive control methods. The main purpose of this paper is to
how reduction of vibration of nonlinear system subjected to multi-excitation forces via a nonlinear absorber. The
nonlinear differential equations describing the model, which describe ultrasonic cutting machine are solved by using
perturbation method. The effects of different parameter on the response of the system are studied. The stability of the
numerical solution is investigated by using frequency response equations and phase-plane method. The simulation re-
sults are achieved using Matlab and Maple programs. A comparison is made with the available published work.

Keywords: Perturbation Method; Control; Stability; Resonance; Jump Phenomenon
1. I ntroduction
Vibrations are the cause of discomfort, disturbance,
damage, and sometimes destruction of machines and
structures. It must be reduced or controlled or eliminated.
One of the most common methods of vibration control is
the dynamic absorber. It has the advantages of low cost
and simple operation at one modal frequency. In the do-
main of many mechanical vibration systems the coupled
non-linear vibration of such systems can be reduced to
non-linear second order differential equations which are
solved analytically and numerically. Queini and Nayfeh
[1] proposed a non-linear active control law to suppress
the vibrations of the first mode of a cantilever beam
when subjected to a principal parametric excitation. The
method of multiple scales is applied throughout. The
analysis revealed that cubic velocity feedback reduced
the amplitude of the response. Asfar [2] took material
non-linearity into consideration in the analysis of the
performance of an elastomeric damper with a spring
hardening cubic effects near primary resonance condition
applying multiple time scale method. Eissa [3] reported
that when using a dynamic absorber, its damping coeffi-
cient should be kept minimal for better system perform-
ance. Eissa [4] has shown that for controlling the vibra-
tion of a system subjected to harmonic excitations, the
fundamental or the first harmonic absorber is the most
effective one. Eissa and El-Ganaini [5,6] studied the con-
trol of both vibration and dynamics chaos of mechanical
system having quadratic and cubic non-linearities, sub-
jected to harmonic excitation using multi-absorbers. Ka-
mel and Amer [7] studied the behavior of one-degree-
of-freedom system with different quadratic damping and
cubic stiffness non-linearities simulating the axial vibra-
tion of a cantilever beam under multi-parametric excita-
tion forces. Song et al. [8] investigated the vibration re-
sponse of the spring mass damper system with a para-
metrically excited pendulum hinged to the mass using the
harmonic balance method. The stability analysis showed
that the area of unstable motion of the system obtained
from the third order approximation.
Soom [9] and Jordanov [10] studied the optimal pa-
rameter design of linear and non-linear dynamic vibra-
tion absorbers for damped primary systems. They exam-
ined optimization criteria other than the traditional one
and obtained small improvements in steady state re-
sponse by using non-linear springs. However, the pres-
ence of the non-linearities introduces dangerous instabil-
ity, which in some cases may result in amplification
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 65
rather than reduction of the vibration amplitudes [11,12].
Natsiavas [13] applied the method of averaging to inves-
tigate the steady state oscillations and stability of non-
linear dynamic vibration absorbers. He pointed out that
proper selection of the system parameters would result
insubstantial improvements of non-linear absorbers and
avoid dangerous effects that are likely to occur due to the
presence of the non-linearities. Zhu et al. [14] studied the
non-linear dynamics of a two-degree-of freedom vibrat-
ing system having both non-linear damping and non-
linear spring using the averaging method. Results showed
that the vibration amplitude can be reduced by properly
selecting the values of non-linear damper, non-linear
spring stiffness and the range of exciting frequency.
Nayfeh [15] compared application of the method of
multiple scales with reconstitution and the generalized
method of averaging for determining higher-order ap-
proximations of three single-degree-of-freedom systems
and a two-degree-of-freedom system. Amer [16] investi-
gated the coupling of two non-linear oscillators of the
system and absorber representing ultrasonic cutting
process. A threshold value of linear damping has been
obtained, where the system vibration can be reduced
dramatically. Eissa and Sayed [17-19] and Sayed [20],
studied the effects of different active controllers on sim-
ple and spring pendulum at the primary resonance via
negative velocity feedback or its square or cubic. Hamed
et al. [21-23] studied USM model subject to multi-ex-
ternal or both multi-external and multi-parametric and
both multi-external and tuned excitation forces. The
model consists of multi-degree-of-freedom system con-
sisting of the tool holder and absorbers (tools) simulating
ultrasonic machining process. The advantages of using
multi-tools are to machine different materials and differ-
ent shapes at the same time. Sayed and Hamed [24] stud-
ied the response of a two-degree-of-freedom system with
quadratic coupling under parametric and harmonic exci-
tations. The method of multiple scale perturbation tech-
nique is applied to solve the non-linear differential equa-
tions and obtain approximate solutions up to and includ-
ing the second-order approximations. Sayed and Kamel
[25,26] investigated the effects of different controllers on
the vibrating system and the saturation control of a linear
absorber to reduce vibrations due to rotor blade flapping
motion. Amer and Sayed [27], studied the response of
one-degree-of freedom, non-linear system under multi-pa-
rametric and external excitation forces simulating the vi-
bration of the cantilever beam.
2. Mathematical Analysis
Using a non-linear absorber connected to the main sys-
tem, a model of a two degree-of-freedom oscillator under
consideration can be written in the forms:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 3 2
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
2
3 1 2 3 2 4 1 2
3
5 1 2 1 1 1 2 2

cos cos
x x x x x xx
x x x x x
x x F t x F
e co co c, c,
c, co co
c o c c
+ + + + +
+ +
t + = O + O

(1)
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2

x x x x x e c|
c|
+ +
( ) ( )
2 1 1 2 1
3
2 2 1 4 2 1
0 x x x x c, + + =

(2)
where x
1
, x
2
are the displacement of the main system and
absorber, e
1
, e
2
are the natural frequencies, O
j
(j = 1, 2)
forcing frequencies, c small perturbation parameter, f
j
the
forcing amplitudes, o
i
, |
j
non-linear parameters (i = 1, ,
5), ,
s
damping coefficient (s = 1, , 4). A first-order uni-
form solution of Equations (1) and (2) is sought using the
method of multiple scales [28] in the form:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 10 0 1 11 0 1
; , , x t x T T x T T c c = + + (3)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 20 0 1 21 0 1
; , , x t x T T x T T c c = + + (4)
where T
0
= t is the fast time scale, which is associated
with changes occurring at the frequencies e
j
and O
j
and
T
1
= ct

is the slow time scale, which is associated with
modulations in the amplitudes and phases resulting from
the non-linearities and parametric resonance. In term of
T
0
and T
1
the time derivatives became
2
2
0 1 0 0 1
2
d d
, 2
d d
D D D D D
t t
c c = + + = + + (5)
where D
n
differential operators; D
n
= c/cT
n
(n = 0,1).
Substituting Equations (3) and (4) into Equations (1) and
(2) and equating the coefficients of same power of c in
both sides, we obtain:
( )
0
: O c
( )
2 2
0 1 10
0 D x e + = (6)
( )
2 2 2
0 2 20 2 1
D x e e + =
0
x (7)
( )
1
: O c
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
0 1 11 1 1 0 10 2 2 0
2 3
0 1 10 1 10 2 10 1 0 10 2 0 10 10
2 2
3 0 10 0 20 3 20 4 10 10 20 20
3 2 2 3
5 10 10 20 10 20 20
cos cos
2
2
3 3
D x F T x F T
D Dx x x D x D x x
D x D x x x x x x
x x x x x x
e
o o , ,
, o o
o
+ = O + O

+ +
+
2
(8)
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
0 2 21 0 1 20 2 11
2 2
1 20 20 10 10
3 2 2 3
2 20 20 10 20 10 10
4 0 20 0 10
2
2
3 3
( )
D x D Dx
x x x x
x x x x x x
D x D x
e e
|
|
,
+ = +
+
+

x
(9)
The general solution of Equations (6) and (7) can be
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 66
expressed in the form
( )
10 1 1 0
exp x A i T c e = c + (10)
( ) ( )
20 2 2 0 1 1 1 0
exp exp x A i T A i T c e e = + A c +
)
(11)
where
(
2 2 2
1 2 2 1
e e e A = and A
1
, A
2
are unknown
functions in T
1
, which can be determined from eliminat-
ing the secular terms at the next approximation, and cc
stands for the conjugate of the preceding terms. The par-
ticular solutions of Equations (8) and (9) after eliminate-
ing the secular terms are given by:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
11 1 1 0 2 2 1 0
1 1 0 2 1 0
3 2 0 4 2 0
5 2 0 6 1 2
7 1 2 0
8 1 2 0 9
exp exp
exp 2 exp 3
exp exp 2
exp 3 exp
exp 2
exp 2
x U i T U i T
H i T H i T
H i T H i T
0
H i T H i T
H i T
H i T H cc
e
e e
e e
e e
e e
e e
= O + O
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+ + +
e
(12)
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) (
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
21 3 1 0 4 2 1 0
10 1 0 11 1 0
12 1 0 13 2 0
14 2 0 15 1 2 0
16 1 2 0
17 1 2 0 18
exp exp
exp exp 2
exp 3 exp 2
exp 3 exp
exp 2
exp 2
x U i T U i T
H i T H i T
H i T H i T
)
H i T H i T
H i T
H i T H cc
e
e e
e e
e e
e e
e e
= O + O
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+ + +
e
(13)
where U
i
, i = 1 to 4, H
i
, i = 1 to 18, are complex func-
tions in T
1
. The general solution of x
1
and x
2
up to the
second-order approximation is given by
1 10 11 2 20 21
, x x x x x x c c = + + = + +
From the above derived solutions, the reported reso-
nance cases are
1) Primary resonance: O
1
~ e
1
, O
1
~ e
2

2) Sub-harmonic resonance: O
2
~ 2e
1

3) I nternal resonance: e
1
~ ne
2
, e
2
~ ne
1
, n = 1, 2, 3
4) Combined resonance: O
2
~ e
1
e
2

5) Simultaneous resonance: Any combination of the
above resonance cases is considered as simultaneous re-
sonance.
3. Stability of the System
The stability of the system is investigated at one of the
worst resonance cases (confirmed numerically), which is
the simultaneous primary, sub-harmonic and internal
resonance where O
1
~ e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1
and e
2
~ e
1
Using
the detuning parameters o
1
, o
2
and o
3
such that:
1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1
, 2 , and
3
e co e co e e co O = + O = + ~ + (14)
Substituting Equation (14) into Equations (8) and (9)
and eliminating the secular terms leads to the solvability
conditions as
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 1
1 1 1 3 1 2 2 5 1 1
2
5 2 2 1 5 1 2 3 1
3 2 3 5 1 1 2 3 1
2 1
5 2 1 3 1 1 1
1 2
2 1
2
3 3
6 3 exp 2
6 exp
3 exp 2 exp
2
exp
2
i D A
i i i AA
A A A A A i T
i AA A i
F
T
A A i T i T
A F
i T
e
e , e , e , o o
o o o
o e , o o
o o o
o
= + + + +

( + +

( + + +

+
+
(15)
| ( )
( )
( )
2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 2
2 2 2 1 4 1 3 1
2
2 1 2 3 1
2
2 1 2 3 1
2 6
6 exp
3 exp
3 exp 2
i D A i AA A
A A i A i T
AA i T
A A i T
e e , |
| e , o
| o
| o
( = +

+ +

( +


(16)
To analyze the solutions of Equations (15) and (16),
we express A
1
and A
2
in the polar form
( ) exp ( 1, 2)
2
n
n n
a
A i n = = (17)
where a
n
and
n
are real of T
1
. Substituting Equation (17)
into Equations (15) and (16) and separating real and
imaginary part yields,
3 1 3 2
1 1 1
3 2 2 2
2 3 3 2
1 1 1
2 2 5 5 1
3 1 2 3 2 1 1
1 1 1
2 8
sin cos sin
4 2 2
3 3
sin sin 2 sin
8 8 2
a a a
F
a
F
a a a a
, , ,
o e ,
u u u
e e e
o o
u u u
e e e
+ (
' =
(

(
+ + +
(

( (
+ +
( (

(18)
3 2 2 2
1 1 3 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 5 5 5
3 1 2 3 1 2
1 1 1
3 2 5 1
1 1
1 1
sin cos cos
2 2 4
3 3 9
cos 2 cos
4 8 8
3 cos
8 2
F
a a
aa a a
F
a
o e ,
u u u
e e e
o o o
u u
e e e
o o
u
e e
(
' =
(

(
+ +
(

( +
+
(

(
(

(19)
4 1 4
2 2 3 1
2
2 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 2 1
2 2 2
cos
2 2
3 3 3
sin 2 sin
4 8 4
a a a
a a a a
, e ,
u
e
| | |
u u
e e e
(
(
' = +
(
(


(
+ +
(
(
(
(

(20)
2 1 4 2 2
2 2 3 1 3 1 2
2 2 2
2 2
3 2 1
2
3 3
sin cos 2
2 4 8
9
cos
8
a a
a a
e , | |
u
e e e
|
u
e
( (
' = + +
( (

(

(

a a u
(21)
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL.
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
67
2
where
1 1 2 2
1
,
2
3
o o o o o ' ' = = = = (23)
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1
, 2 , T T T u o u o u o = = = + (22)
For the steady state solution 0
n n
a u ' ' = = . Then from
Equation (22) yields
Then it follows from Equations (18)-(21) that the
steady state solutions are given by
3 1 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 3
1 1 1
2 2 5 5 1
3 1 2 3 2 1 1
1 1 1
sin cos sin
2 8 4 2 2
3 3
sin sin 2 sin 0
8 8 2
F
a a
F
a a a a
, , o , e ,
u u u
e e e
o o
u u u
e e e
( + (
+ + +
2
a
(
(

( (
+ + =
( (

(24)
2 3 5 5 2 2 2
1 3 3 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
2 3 5 2 5 1
3 1 2 1 1
1 1 1
3 3
sin cos cos cos 2
2 2 4 4 8
9
cos 3 cos 0
8 8 2
F
a a
F
a a a
o o o e ,
o u u u u
e e e e e
o o o
u u
e e e
(

(

( ( +
+ =
( (

3 1 2
aa
(
(

(25)
2 4 1 4 2 2
2 3 1 3 1 2 3 2
2 2 2
3 3
cos sin 2 sin 0
2 2 8 4
a a a a a a
, e , | |
u u u
e e e
( ( (
(
+ +
( ( (
(


2
1
= (26)
2 1 4 2 2 2
2 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 2 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 9
( ) sin cos 2 cos 0
2 4 8 8
a a a a a a
e , | | |
o o u u u
e e e e
( ( (
+ + + =
( ( (

2
(27)

Solving the resulting algebraic equations yields two
possibilities for the fixed points for each case.
Case (1): The controller is deactivated (a
1
0, a
2
= 0),
the frequency response equation can be obtained in the
form (after eliminating all parameters corresponding to
the controller).
2 2 2 2
6 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
2 2
1 1 1
9 3
0
4 4 64 4 16 4
F F F F
a a a a a
o o o ,
o
e e e

+ +
` ` `
) ) )
1
2 2
1 1
e e
= (28)
Case (2): The controller is activated (a
1
0, a
2
0), the resulting two equations are obtained
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
5 2 2 5 1 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 1 2
1 1 2
1 1
2
2
5 2 5
2 2 5 2 2 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 5 5
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 3
64 8 8 4 4 64
27
3 99 9 3 3 9

4 64 32 32 8 8 16
a a
F
a a a a
o o o o o , , , , , , ,
o
e e
o o o
o o o o o o o o o oo ,
e e e e e e e

+ + +

+ + + + +
` ` `

)
) )

+
+

+ + + + + + +
` `
)
)
( )
2
2 2
1 2
1
2 2
2 2 1 3 4 5 3 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 5 3 5 5 1 5 3 5 2 5 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8
9

2 2 64
9 9 3 3 3 3

4 4 16 8 16 8 8 16
aa
F a
a
a
F F F F F
a
a a a a a
e
e
e , , , o oo o
e e e e
o e , o o o o o oo o o o
e e e e e e e e


`

)
+

+ + +
` `

) )
+ +
+ + +
`
)
( )
3
2
2 2
1 2 5 3 3 1 5 1 5 2 1 1 1
2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 9 27
0
2 8 4 32 4 8
a
F F F F F F F
a aa a
a a a a
o o o o o o
e e e e e e e

`
)
+
+ + + + + =
`
)
(29)
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
3 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 4
3 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
3 2 4 4 1
2 1 1
2 2 2
9 81 81 81
4 64 32 64 4
9
0
4 4 2
a a a a a
a
a a a
a
o o | | | | e ,
o o
e e e e e
o o | , , e
e e
2
1
a


+ + +
`

+ + =
`

)
)
(30)

T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 68

4. Results and Discussion
The differential Equation (1) governing the oscillating
main system is solved numerically (applied Runge-Kutta
4th order method) after eliminating all parameters corre-
sponding to the controller.
Table 1 summaries the worst resonance cases with and
without absorber.
Figure 1 shows the steady state amplitude and phase
plane of the main system at the primary resonance where
O
1
~ e
1
. In this figure, we observe that the steady state
amplitude is about four of the maximum excitation force
amplitude F
1
. The system is stable with multi-limit cycle
and the response of the system is tuned with some chaos.
Figure 2 shows the steady state amplitude and phase
plane of the main system at the sub-harmonic resonance
case where O
2
~ 2e
1
. We note that the steady state am-
plitude is about 3 of the maximum excitation force am-
plitude F
1
. Also the chaotic wave motion will increase.
The steady state amplitude and phase plane of the
main system at simultaneous primary and principle pa-
rametric resonance respectively where O
1
~ e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1

is shown in Figure 3. In this figure, the steady state am-
plitude is about 5 of the maximum excitation force am-
plitude F
1
respectively. The system is stable with fine

Table 1. Summary of worst resonance cases.
Cases Conditions
Amplitude ratio ( )
1 1
x F
without absorber
Amplitude ratio ( )
1 1
x F
with absorber
Amplitude ratio
( )
2 1
x F
a
E

Remarks
1 2
e e ~ 500% 0.33% 42% 1500 Multi-limit cycle
2 1
2 e e ~ 500% 28% 42% 18 Limit cycle
2 1
3 e e ~ 500% 33% 33% 15 Limit cycle
2 1
4 e e ~ 500% 30% 30% 16 Limit cycle
2 1
5 e e ~ 500% 30% 30% 16 Limit cycle
1 1
e O ~
2 1
2e O ~
1 2
3 2 e e ~ 500% 21% 30% 23 Limit cycle


Figure 1. System behavior without absorber at O
1
~ e
1
and O
2
is a way from e
1
.
1
=0.05,
1
=0.03,
2
=0.04, F
2
=0.3.


Figure 2. System behavior without absorber at O
2
~ 2e
1
and O
1
is a way from e
1
.
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 69

limit cycle, denoting that the system is free from dy-
namic chaos.
4.1. Effect of the Controller
Figure 4 shows that the steady state amplitude of the
system with absorber at the simultaneous resonance O
1
~
e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1
and e
2
~ e
1
. It can be seen for the main
system that the steady state amplitude is 0.33%, but the
steady state amplitude of the controller is about 42% of
excitation amplitude F
1
. This means that the effective-
ness of the absorber E
a
(E
a
= the steady state amplitude
of the main system without absorber/the steady state am-
plitude of main system with absorber) is about 1500.
Also, the oscillations of the system and absorber have
multi-limit cycle and limit cycle respectively.
4.2. Frequency Response Curves
The frequency response Equations (29) and (30), practical
case are nonlinear algebraic equations, which are solved
numerically. The numerical results are shown in Figures
5-14. These figures, show the steady state response-fre-
quency curve for the stability second case (practical case),
where a
1
, a
2
0 in the case of simultaneous primary,
sub-harmonic resonance in the presence of one-to-one
internal resonance. Figure 5 shows that the effect of the
detuning parameter o
1
on the steady state amplitude of
the main system. In this figure, we observe that, the am-
plitude a
1
has one continuous curve. From this figure, we
observe that the steady state amplitude of the main sys-
tem have multi-valued solutions.
For increasing excitation forces F
1
, F
2
and for increas-


Figure 3. System behavior without absorber at O
1
~ e
1
and O
2
~ 2e
1
.




Figure 4. Response of the system and absorber at O
1
~ e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1
and e
2
~ e
1
.
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 70

ing natural frequencies, we note that the steady state
of the main system and the absorber
magnitude of the main system is increased as shown in
Figures 6-8. Figures 9 and 10 show that as non-linear
spring stiffness o
3
or o
5
are increased positively the con-
tinuous curve is moved downwards and has decreased
magnitudes. It can be concluded that increasing the non-
linear spring stiffness o
3
or o
5
can reduce the amplitude
of the system and obtain the effect of reduction of the
vibration amplitude. Also for negative value of non-lin-
ear spring stiffness o
3
or o
5
the response amplitude is
bent to the left and the stability region is decreased.
Figure 11, shows that the effects of detuning parame-
ter o
3
on the amplitude of the absorber. From this figure,
we observe that the steady state amplitude of the ab-
sorber has single-valued solution. From Figures 12-14
we note that for decreasing natural frequencies or de-
creasing non-linear parameter |
2
or decreasing linear
damping coefficient ,
4
the curves diverge down and the
steady state amplitude is decreasing.
5. Conclusions
The system consists
representing the vibration of many applications in ma-
chine tools, ultrasonic cutting process, subjected to ex-

-5 0 5
0
5
10
15
20
o
1
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
1

Figure 5. Effects of the detuning parameter o
1
.


-5 0 5
0
5
10
15
20
o
1
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
1
f
1
=0.6
f
1
=20
f
1
=50

Figure 6. Effects of the excitation amplitud
1
.

e F
-5 0 5
0
5
10
15
20
o
1
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
1
f
2
=0.3
f
2
=20
f
2
=50

-2 -1 0 1 2 3
0
5
10
20
Figure 7. Effects of the excitation amplitude
2
. F
15
o
1
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
1
e
1
=e
2
=1
e
1
=e
2
=5
e
1
=e
2
=0.5
e
1
=e
2
=2

Figure 8. Effects of the natural frequencies.

-5 0 5
0
5
10
15
20
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

o
f

x
1
o
1
o
3
=0.04
o
3
=0.04
o
3
=0.4 o
3
=0.4

Figure 9. Effects of the non-linear parameter o
3
.

-5 0 5
0
5
10
15
20
o
1
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
1
o
5
=0.04
o
5
=0.02
o
5
=0.2 o
5
=0.2

Figure 10. Effects of the non-linear parameter o .

5
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
0
5
10
o
3
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
2

Figure 11. Effects of the detuning parameter o .

3
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
0
5
10
o
3
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
2
e =e =2
2 1
e
2
=e
1
=1
e
2
=e
1
=3

Figure 12. Effects of the natural frequencies.
Copyright 2012 SciRes. AM
T. H. EL-GHAREEB ET AL. 71
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
0
5
10
o
3
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

x
2
|
2
=0.02
|
2
=0.05
|
2
=0.08

F .

igure 13. Effects of the non-linear parameter |
2

4
=0.001 ,
4
=0.5 ,
4
=0.8 ,

Figure 14. Effects of the damping coefficient ,
4
.

ternal and parametric excitation forces is considered and
solved using the method of multiple scale perturbation. A
simple and powerful effective method is demonstrated to
reduce (control passively) both vibration and dynam
chaos in the non-linear system using non-linear absorber
One of the most common methods of vibration control is
the dynamic absorber. Multiple scales perturbation tech-
nique is applied to determine approximate solu
the co
lutions and their stability are studied for selected val-
ring; the region of unstable is in-
cr
litude of the absorber for increasing
va
lued curve which is shifted down-
w
the main mass and obtain the ef-
fe
erical simulations show the system exhibits pe-
rio
[1]
ic
.
tions of
upled non-linear differential equations. Steady state
so
ues of different parameters. Frequency response equa-
tions are deduced to investigate system stability. It can be
seen from the results that the optimal working conditions
of the system is simultaneous primary, sub-harmonic and
internal resonance O
1
~ e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1
, e
2
~ e
1
. From the
above study the following may be concluded.
1) The optimum working conditions for the system are
when, O
1
~ e
1
, O
2
~ 2e
1
, e
2
~ e
1
since the steady state
amplitude of the main system is reduced to 0.33% of its
maximum value. This means that the effectiveness of the
absorber E
a
= 1500.
2) The steady state amplitude is a monotonic increas-
ing function to the excitation amplitudes F
1
, F
2
and natu-
ral frequency e
1
.
3) The zones of multi-valued region are increased for
large values of F
1
.
4) For increasing positive value of non-linear spring
stiffness o
5
the continuous curve is shifted downwards
produce hard spring.
5) For negative values of o
3
, the curve is bent to the
left produce soft sp
eased.
6) The region of multi-valued is disappeared from the
steady state amp
lue of damping coefficient ,
4
, and the continuous
curve has a single-va
ards.
7) Increasing the non-linear spring stiffness o
5
can re-
duce the amplitude of
ct of reduction of the vibration amplitude, which is a
good agreement with Reference [14].
8) Num
dic motions and chaotic motions, which is a good ag-
reement with Reference [14].
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