A PROPOSAL ON THE PROJECT TOPIC: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD SPEED BREAKER FOR POWER GENERATIOn

INTRODUCTION Speed Breakers (a.k.a. speed bumps) is a traffic claiming feature of road design used to slow traffic, reduce through traffic, via vertical deflection. In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The availability and its per capita consumptions is regarded as the index of national standard of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings has increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power generation. The capital energy consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000 K.W.H., whereas per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population consumes 32% of total power generation where as INDIA as developing country with 20% of world population consumes only 1% of total energy consumed in the world. The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years. Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore, we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products. There are already is existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etcfor power generation. The latest technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy "POWER HUMPS".

Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So that the shafts will rotate with certain r.p.m. These shafts are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to traffic density. Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an e.m.f (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the e.m.f armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating same e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation potential energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one way a special component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply. Also the pizo-electric material which is kept below the supporting springs of the speed breaker also generate a small amount of charge which can be utilized for the storage purpose so that more amount of energy can be developed from the same system. All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called hump. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices.

ABSTRACT The final thesis deals with the design analysis of a Road Speed Breaker for the generation of electricity. It might be that due to the increasing of the oil and electricity consumption in the last years the Non-Conventional Energy Resources are becoming popular. The numbers of vehicles in the world are increasing day by day and are estimated to be around 10 billion. So the number of vehicles passing over the speed breaker on roads is increasing. A large amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through the dissipation of heat and also through friction, every time a vehicle passes over it. There is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making the speed breaker as a power generation unit. Main theme behind project is to harness the wasted kinetic energy of vehicle flow in speed breakers of streets. The Speed Breaker Generator (SBG) uses an efficient linear rack and pinion can be pushed down by vehicle wheel to absorb kinetic energy of the vehicles. The proposed topology is modeled using an analytical approach. An efficient design is achieved using a multistage design procedure. To verify efficiency of the obtained design simulation are carried out using finite element analysis software package. The simulations confirm the effectiveness of the obtained design. The generated power can be used for the lamps, near the speed breakers.

LITERATURE REVIEW An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage electricity crisis. While not entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese antigovernment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise the Russia- Ukraine gas dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged crisis stage. Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets occurs. A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes and government embargoes. The cause may be ageing overconsumption, infrastructure and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. An emergency may emerge during unusually cold winters. emerging shortages Crisis that currently exist include; Oil price increases since 2003 - Cause: increasing demand from the U.S and China, the falling state of the U.S. dollar, and stagnation of production due to the U.S. occupation of Iraq. Iraq is #3 in the world (besides Saudi Arabia and Iran) for its oil reserves. However some observers have stated the global oil production peak occurred in December 2005. If this is correct it is also to blame. 2008 Central Asia energy crisis, caused by abnormally cold temperatures and low water levels in an area dependent on hydroelectric power South African electrical crisis Solution for Energy Crisis next time on the roads, dont scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages off the highway.

This project is about generation of electricity with the speed breakers. Generally when vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction between vehicles wheel and road i.e. Rough surface heat energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind then also heat energy is produced which is always lost in environment and of which we cant make use it directly. we can say that all this energy that we cant make use of is just the wastage of energy that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are just trying to make use of such energy in order to generate an electrical energy. This project will work on the principle of potential energy to electrical energy conversion potential energy can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system. This energy can be released or converted into other forms of energy, including kinetic energy. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to change the states of objects in the system when the energy is released if h is the height above an arbitrarily assigned reference point, then kinetic energy of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative work of the same magnitude would be required to return the body to a state of rest from that velocity. The kinetic energy can be calculated using the formula: in this project a mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip when the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter). This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg

going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. a vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day, he said. The Assam power ministry is expected to back the IIT pilot project. Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such Rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly rs 1 crore as opposed to about rs 8 crore in thermal or hydro power stations. Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages off the highway. An amateur innovator in guwahati has developed a simple contraption that can generate power when a vehicle passes over a speed breaker. Kanak gogoi, a small time businessman, has developed a mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker Into kinetic energy. The innovation has caught the eye of the Indian institute of technology (IIT), guwahati, which will fund a pilot project to generate electricity from speed-breakers. The idea is basic physics. Gogoi has welded five-meter-long metal plates into the speed-breaker instead of the conventional bitumen-and-stone-chip rumble strip. The plates are movable and inclined with the help of a spring-loaded hydraulic system. The fulcrum-attached plates are pushed down when a vehicle moves over them and bounce back to original position as it passes. "when the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential

energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip," gogoi says. "when the plates come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism. This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity," he explains. IIT guwahati has evaluated the machine and recommended it to the Assam ministry of power for large scale funding. A k das, a professor at IIT's design department says it is a 'very viable proposition' to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity untapped across the country every day. "a vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day," he said. The Assam power ministry is expected to back the IIT pilot project. Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt. BASIC PRINCIPLES: Simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical. To generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as input we can develop electricity from speed breakers They are using 3 different mechanisms: I. Roller mechanism II. Rack- Pinion mechanism III. Crank-shaft mechanism

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: The main objectives of this project are: Tapping of potential energy of the vehicles - The potential energy during the running of the vehicles should be tapped so as to make the model work accordingly this can be done is very simple manner as in by making an arrangement of a shell type dome which is supported by the springs, this dome will go in downward direction whenever a vehicle step on it and the spring force will keep the dome into its initial position after a vehicle pass by the speed breaker. Structural formation of a power generating unit A power generating unit is to be designed which can develop sufficient amount of power with the arrangement most feasible with the model for an optimal power generation. The structure of the power generating unit includes the shaft and the rotor arrangement which is connected to the generator assembly also the pizo-electric material have some rectifier circuit to have a steady output of current. Design and development of a hybrid power generation A design it made to make a hybrid model to generate power through it using two energy resources and tapping maximum energy from the power generating unit by the use of alternative methods. Reduce power and friction losses By using alternative methods and hybrid model the power loss and frictional losses can be minimized up to a large extent and the maximum power can be generated with reduced losses in the energy. Less corrosion and erosion A model is to be made such that to reduce the corrosion in the components and less erosion or wearing rate of the components.

Easy maintenance To develop a power generation system which has easy maintenance as well as improved quality of work can be obtained by the system.

To develop a system this is always in standby mode. Development of a power generation system which is more economical than other methods.

METHODOLOGY Speed breaker generator (SBG) is a system design to capture waste and kinetic energy from all vehicles. This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy. This is done by moving plate installed on the road, this plate captured very small movement from the road surfaces and it transferred to a keyway flywheel system. From hundreds of wheel lies a single flywheel having used to driving machinery. The SBG included the method of driving one flywheel to another, once it reached predetermining velocity. The SBG flywheel system has been developed to achieve large amount of moment of inertia in relatively small space. The captured energy is converted into electricity which is fed into power grid. The sensor LDR has the property to change its resistance according to the intensity of the light. As the intensity of light falling at the LDR increases, its resistance gets decreased and so on. Hence the total amount of light remains constant.

Fig: Schematic diagram for the speed breaker power generation

Features a) The units have minimum visual impact on their surrounding environment. b) The SBG emits no noise. c) The unit will have minimum cost of installation and maintenance. d) This unit could be located at the close proximity to services and power grid. e) Possible answer for battery charging station. f) Completely isolated street light or traffic lights. Advantages: a) Low budget electricity production b) Less floor area c) No obstruction to traffic d) Easy maintenance e) Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc. f) Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc Disadvantages: a) Selecting suitable generator. b) Selection of springs. c) Achieving proper balance of speed and torque. d) It gives low electric output.

CONCLUSION Energy is an important input to sustain industrial growth and standard of living of a country and can be directly related to per-capita energy consumption. The conventional sources energy like coal, oil, uranium etc are depleting very fast and by the turn of the century man will have to depend upon non conventional sources of energy for power generation. The various types of non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind energy, biogas etc now by developing POWER HUMP we can generate power without utilizing any external sources mentioned earlier. Now, vehicular traffic in big cities is more, causing a problem to human being. But this vehicular traffic can also be utilized for power generation by means of new technique called POWER HUMP. If it is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and kinetic energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power in shafts and this mechanical power is once again converted into electrical energy. As it does not utilize any external source, and traffic will never be reduced, these power humps are more reliable, and have more life than any other power source. The life of POWER HUMP is estimated to be 6 years. So the customer will get free power generation for 4 years period. But the major drawback of this POWER HUMP is design of springs. When we have less traffic and there is difficulty in design of springs also the generation of power is intermittent, we have to smooth out this variations with proper improvements in design and installation, we can produce 240v/230v with 5-10A power smoothly and can be used for public use like streetlights or traffic signals.

REFERENCES 1. www.indianenvironmentportal.com 2. www.wikipedia.org