A Study on

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. A Project report submitted to University of Pune BY

(RANJIT ANILRAO SHINDE.)

Under the guidance of (Mr. SYED AZHER ALI.)

In partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration

Allana Institute of Management Sciences Azam Campus, Camp PUNE 411001

September 2012

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report titled ________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________(title of project in inverted comma and underlined) is a bonafide work carried out by _________________________________________________________________ (Name of the student) of our Institute for fulfillment of Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree of the University of Pune. He has worked under our guidance and supervision. The material referred from other sources has been duly acknowledged.

Dr. R.Ganesan Director

Name of Guide Signature of Guide

Date: Place:

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report entitled Customer relationship management in hospitality industry is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by myself during the academic year 2012-2013, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of BusinessAdministration (MBA) of University of Pune. This work has not been undertaken or submitted elsewhere in connection with any other academic course.

(RANJIT ANILRAO SHINDE.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Mr. UpendraKulkarni, the Operations Manager of Hotel Studio Estique, Pune for giving me an opportunity to do my summer training in the esteem hotel and it has been a great learning and enjoyable experience. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks to all staff members of Hotel Studio Estique, Pune for their kind support and cooperation which helped me in gaining lots of knowledge and experience to do my project work successfully. I would like to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to The Director of my institute Prof R.Ganesan, HOD- Dr. Prof. RoshanKazi and my Project Guide Mr. SAYED AZHERALIfor helping me in this project. At last but not least, I am thankful to my Family and Friends for their moral support, endurance and encouragement during the course of the project.

 TABLE OF CONTENT:-

CHAPTERS 1) Executive summary 2) Introduction Scope of the study. Objectives of the study. Limitations of the study.

PAGE NUMBER 6 9 10 10 11

3) Company profile. 4) Literature review. 5) Research methodology. 6) Data analysis and interpretation. 7) Findings.

12 17 37 47 61 64

8) Conclusion. 9) Recommendation and closure.

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10) Apendix-1

72

11) Apendix-2 12) Bibliography.

75 81

Executive summary

In this research, weinvestigate Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Hospitality Industry. The analysis identifies the hotel corporations needs and expectations, the prerequisites of a successful CRM implementation and beneficial appliance of the same. The findings will assist CRM software companies to build a state-of-the-art CRM suite and hotel companies to apply Customer Relationship Management successfully. The initial literature review investigates CRM in general: What is CRM, what are fundamentals of CRM, ways to gain competitive advantage and how to measure return on investment. The review shows that the underlying strategy and organizational culture of a company are especially important prerequisites for CRM. It is identified that most failures to achieve CRM benefits are due to a lack of internal strategy. Customer Relationship Management must not only focus on the existing and frequent customer base; it needs to manage all customers of the organization. Return on CRM investment will fall in place automatically after the base is set properly. Main drivers are increased customer satisfaction, an increased number of referrals and a decrease in marketing costs.

The practical fieldwork focuses on the specifics of the hospitality industry. The fieldwork is conducted in three ways Firstly, through a regionally distributed questionnaire, which identifies the extent ofmaintained customer relations by the various hotel organization in the region, secondly by taking feedback through a well prepared feedback form in our hotel ,and thirdly, a discussion group of existing CRM users discuss how CRM can be used successfully, and identify the difficulties their companies face.

The analysis all research approaches shows that qualitative and quantitative research complement each other. The survey identifies the importance of a centralized management of guest records and the linked possibility for campaign management activities. Global accessibility of chain-wide guest information needsproper management and access restrictions to avoid misuse of stored data. Hotel organizations are aware that they need an underlying strategy and culture to support CRM, however, many companies are uncertain in their focus. The findings show that almost 40 % of respondents do not have a clear corporate strategy. Hotel companies
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need to include all organizational levels during the definition and implementation phase of the CRM project. Internal acceptance and return on investment is strongly dependent on user support at hotel level.

The dissertation states the identified hypotheses. The assumptions, essential for CRM success, are centralized profile management, underlying culture and strategy as well as system and data integrity.

The findings of the research can be used by hotel companies, CRM consultants as well as by CRM software companies. The hypotheses allow further research on individual success factors of CRM. CRM is never done, it is an ongoing effort!

Introduction

1) SCOPE OF THE STUDY:-

The report tries to find and analyze the hotel corporations needs and expectations, the prerequisites of a successful CRM implementation and beneficial appliance of the same. CRM programs are often developed in a black box, initially considering some customer input, but then focusing on technology. A detailed and identify the very needs of hotel organizations.

The report investigates collaborative and operational CRM, targeting the customer relationship side of CRM in general business. Analytical CRM is touched, as it is the base for customer evaluation and segment identification. The theoretical findings are compared to the hotel industrys specific needs. This is supported by the field research, which specifically targets needs executives and marketing specialists in the lodging industry.

2) OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To do the market research of the hotel companies requirement regarding CRM in hospitality in the Pune. To understand the segmentation of the guests for CRM activities in hospitality industry. To identify major value disciplines of hotel companies while performing CRM activities. To find out the importance of CRM in various part of the hotel company. To cater major CRM functionalities in hotel industry. To identify various CRM objectives of hotel industries. To find out overall satisfaction of guests of hotel studio estiqe regarding its CRM activities.

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3) LIMITATIONS: The survey was restricted to selected areas in Pune city only. The time duration of this survey was 50 days. The data collection tool used was a quessionare and thus the response of the respondents might been biased.

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Company Profile

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The effervescent city of Pune has always remained at the helm of affairs, contributing a major chunk of its revenue to the economy of Maharashtra. It is a significant city well connected to the whole of India and attracting a massive overseas crowd as well. Having said that, the city is well connected via rail, road and air travel. It has all the major airlines operating flight to/from Pune to various national and international destinations. Acknowledged as the Automobile City of India due to the heavy concentration of the automobile industry, it is home to the Automotive Research Association of India. The city also boasts of some of Indias software majors having their base in Pune like, Infosys, Wipro, TCS, etc. Also a lot of global majors such as IBM, Sasken, Cognizant, Avaya, Amdocs, have Pune as their second home. Quite likely it is notably assuming the shape of one of the biggest metropolitans globally. Being a five hour drive from Mumbai, this city due to its tranquil nature appeared quite laid back earlier. But now, this modest town had a complete metamorphosis turning into a buzzing metropolis. Due to its close proximity to the financial capital and rapidly improving infrastructure, Pune has become one of the most sought-after commercial destinations in the country today. With countless number of clients from the business world and other professions repeatedly visiting the city, the hotels in Pune city have assumed a great magnitude in the city. These business hotels at Pune, suitable for professionals are in tuned with the latest contemporary features taking care of all the primary requirements. With the growing industrial importance of the city, there is a growing requirement of business hotels in town. These hotels apart from offering basic accommodation also make special arrangements for the massive business class to host their meetings and conferences. One such business hotel in Pune offering world class ambience and loaded with contemporary amenities is Hotel Studio Estique Pune City Centre.Conveniently located near the railway station and the airport, it is one of the most preferred choices for a luxurious stay. It offers first rate services like wired and Wi-Fi Internet Connectivity throughout the hotel, a business centre with Internet facilities, money changer, photocopy service, fully automatic power back-up and much more to

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take care of your business requirements. So, the next time you visit this business hub, you know where to head to! A Perfect Blend Between Luxury and Budget! There are many great attractions nearby, including Tribal Museum, Osho International Meditation Resort, Rotary Riverside Joggers Park and DagdusethGanpati Temple. Also close by are ABC farms and Raja DinkarKelkar Museum. This Pune hotel has its own restaurant serving breakfast, lunch and dinner where you will find a selection of items to try. If you want low-key dining options, you will be pleased to find a snack bar/deli and 24-hour room service. If you are visiting India on vacation or for business, make sure to take some time to relax as you will find a steam room on site, so make the most of it! Knowledgeable staff are available at the front desk 24 hours-a-day and can provide tour/ticket assistance. Whether you're waiting for friends or your partner, the lobby has a TV and free newspapers to keep you company. Guests can make use of the free high-speed wired and wireless Internet access, allowing you to easily keep in touch with those back home. You will also have access to a 24-hour business center at this hotel. Other amenities include a roundtrip airport shuttle, laundry facilities, free valet parking, air conditioning in public areas, currency exchange and an elevator (lift).

1) Facilities at Hotel Studio Estique:

Lift/elevator Air conditioning Laundry room Currency exchange Room service - 24 hour Shuttle service from and/or to the airport Valet service Free parking Private parking
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Limousine service Guarded car park Restaurant/Dining Snack bar Concierge Personal newspapers Newspapers Front desk - 24 hour City tour Luggage room TV Lounge Internet/Email services Medical service Steam bath Massages Business Center Meeting Room Being synonym of perfection, Hotel Studio Estique Pune City Centre has recently been

awarded with Trip Advisors Certificate of Excellence award 2012. This remains a colossal honor, especially since the standards of qualification for this prestigious award has always remained elevated. In order to meet the criteria for the Certificate of Excellence, businesses are expected to maintain an overall rating of four or higher, out of a possible five, as reviewed by travelers on TripAdvisor. An additional criterion includes the volume of reviews received within the last 12 months. Also, approximately only 10 percent of accommodations listed on Trip Advisor receive this prestigious award. Hotel Studio Estique Pune City Centre has always been bestowed with critical acclaim from all its guests due to its outstanding efforts in the hospitality sector. Commenting on this occasion, Christine Petersen, president of TripAdvisor for Business stated, TripAdvisor is pleased to honor exceptional businesses for consistent excellence, as reviewed by travelers on the site. He further added, The Certificate of Excellence award gives highly rated establishments
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around the world the recognition they deserve. From exceptional accommodations in Beijing to remarkable restaurants in Boston, we want to applaud these businesses for offering TripAdvisor travelers a great customer experience. Gratified at this commendation, UpendraKulkarni, Operations Manager Hotel Studio Estique Pune City Centre conveyed, TripAdvisors Certificate of Excellence award comes up as a major acclaim for us. At Hotel Studio Estique Pune City Centre, we strive to provide our guests with a celebrated experience for keeps and this recognition only makes us endeavor all the more.

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Literature Review

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1) Approach to the Literature Review:The literature review investigates Customer Relationship Management in general as well as the specifics of the hospitality industry. It begins with an overview of CRM and then addresses some of the key items in the CRM context. What is necessary for a successful implementation, how does the organization benefit and how can ROI be measured?

2) Sources of the Literature Review:The following sources were reviewed. Literature focused on general marketing/CRM as well as industry-specific articles.

1) Books

2) Business Magazines

3) Internet Publications

2) What is Customer Relationship Management?

1) Definition and History of CRM:Customer Relationship Management has always encompassed the broad set of sales, marketing and customer service activities associated with serving customers. Up to now, the scope has not changed, however, the focus has changed considerably.

The CRM term grew from the desire of combining the terms help desk, customer support, ERP (Enterprise Resource Program) and data mining. No summary expression was known and the terms could not be grouped under ERP. It is not entirely clear who introduced the term to the
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business world, but one can say that the term emerged from still ongoing trial and error approaches. The first CRM initiatives, launched in the early 1990s, focused mainly on call center activities. Only later, companies widened the focus to include sales, and opened additional channels But what is all the hype about - isnt CRM just a new form of database marketing? In some ways it is, but the innovation is to gain a 360-degree view of the customer, having all the data, from all touch-points, integrated in one system. CRM technology provides personalization to every customer and prospect. It attempts to gain a relationship with the customer through affinities and personalized communication, thus making the customer more transactive.

Database marketing, which should be part of any sound CRM suite, identifies unique segments in the database, reacting to specific stimuli such as promotions. Database marketing does not interact; it relies heavily on rule-based delivery of communication.

2) CRM Categories:Customer Relationship Management can be grouped into the following main categories, a) Operational CRM:Customer-facing CRM capability. Sales force automation systems and other systems that involve direct customer interactions.

b) Analytical CRM:Use of data originating through operational CRM to enhance customer relationships. This data is combined with other organizational or external data to evaluate key business measures such as customer satisfaction, customer profitability, or customer loyalty to support business decisions.

c) Collaborative CRM:Specific functionality that enables a two-way dialog between a company and its customers, through a variety of channels, to facilitate and improve the quality of customer interactions.

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The main CRM categories reflect how many software companies package their modular CRM suite. The main categories are also reflected in the basic steps of CRM.

Figure 1 - The basic steps of CRM (CRM cycle)

It is important to evaluate existing marketing tools, proven processes and integration possibilities with the new solution. However, one needs to be careful when keeping old systems like the legacy database marketing tool, as it limits user acceptance of the new CRM suite and users are attached to the proven and accepted solution, which requires no change in attitude and handling.

CRM Prerequisites:A successful customer relationship management system is dependent on many basic business rules and underlying organizational factors.

1) Strategy First, then CRM:One of the basic and most common sources of failure for CRM implementations is a missing customer strategy. Porter (1996) defines strategy as the creation of a unique and valuable position involving a different set of activities. A robust customer strategy based on
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customer segmentation is one of the first steps necessary when implementing a sound CRM solution . The major segmentation variables summarized by Kotler (2000) are geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral segmentation. Gillies et al. (2002) state that it is not so important how customers are segmented, but that it is vital that the segmentation complements the business strategy. Companies that have the most successful CRM programs appear to be very selective in their customer segmentation process, which is congruent to their organizational strategy.

Freeland (2002) suggests that organizations must address four critical strategies and understand the key interplay between them:

-Identifying the customer, -Selecting the most appropriate channel to reach the customer, -Receiving the effects on the brands value, -Determining the most appropriate CRM capabilities,

In a listing of distinct layers or building blocks to reach CRM excellence, Radcliff (2001) ranked Vision and Strategy on top with Technology only next to last out of a count of eight. It is also noted that too many CRM initiatives have an inward focus. The point of CRM is to achieve both, value for stakeholders and customersfor a mutually beneficial relationship. supports the low ranking of technology as he puts the question about CRM processes in a similar order. Strategy is first, followed by the value creation process. Many executives mistake CRM technology for a marketing strategy and they allow the software vendors to drive their approach to customer management. Yes, CRM systems will lure high-profile customers, but if the system is not congruent with business strategy and based on a sound customer strategy, it will fail over the mid- to long term.

2) Organizational Culture and Acceptance:Another basic prerequisite for a successful CRM project is internal support and marketing. The initial customer strategy must be supported through a proper internal business
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culture that lives the customer relationship philosophy from top- level management to frhouse staff. Jarvenpaa and Ives (1991) stated, few nostrums have been prescribed so religiously and ignored as regularly as execute support in the development and implementation of management information systems. Many past studies have shown positive association between executive support and IT innovation success. Those findings still apply, as can be seen in recent study by Gartner, Inc that rated CRM Excellence. The study showed that eleven out of the 16 winners andfinalists show strong support from senior executives.The management set sensible expectations and put heavy emphasis on employee buy- in and collaboration among employees. A recent study showed causes for unsuccessful CRM implementation. As it can be seen in Figure 2, software issues are almost evanescent, however company politics and organizational change issues relate to approximately 50 % of failures.

4% 1% 2% 4% 6% 29%

Organizational change Company policits and inertia Lack of CRM understanding Poor planning

12%

Lack of CRM skills Budget problems Software problems

Bad advice Other

Causes of failure to achieve CRM benefits

Customer Relationship Management does not create a new way of marketing. It upgrades the existing approach, with a more detailed focus on the customer. Dickie (2003) shows that this replacement requires change, which most people are afraid of. Change resistance needs to be addressed in the early stages of theproject. Southern Companies can be highlighted as they
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implemented an employee advisory board to act as an interface between the employees, the project team and the executive level.

Overcoming resistance to change is a widely investigated topic. Early and substantial work can be found by Lewin (1947) who points out that permanent change in behavior is a threestep process: Unfreezing previous behavior, changing, and then refreezing the new patterns. Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) show a more detailed approach, focusing on the key concepts of change. Each of their topics has advantages and disadvantages and can be used interchangeably, based on appropriateness. To overcome employee resistance in the CRM context,one needs to focus on education & communication and participation & involvement (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1997). Addressing resistance to change can be very time-consuming and needs to be approached in the early stages of a project. Education and communication helps people to understand the need for change and leads towards a mutual trust for the project. Participation and involvement is the key to success, as people are likely to accept their own work. However, possible challenges that may be faced are compromises when asking larger groups of employees without any leading decision makers (Thompson, 2001).

Roche (2003) identifies four early people-oriented warning signs:

No executive support or visibility, Too many individual projects going on usually in different directions, IT-driven or hero culture, Not using a system integrator/project consultant.

Permanent value audits need to evaluate the above. It is important that the implementation is done in a project-related fashion that combines all thematically related projects into a CRM project management office.

As seen earlier in this research, IT is rated almost last in the failure rate of CRM projects. Does this mean that IT is not important? IT plays a major role, but it should not be the driver of
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the project. One of the reasons IT has a small failure rate is due to overwhelming lack of strategy; therefore shortages in the software and hardware environment are not identified. It is assumed that IT-sophisticated organizations would have the necessary technological resources to support CRM initiatives. Even if software inefficiencies are found, theycan often be traced back to inappropriate business processes. Other failures are seen in internal extensions of transaction processing that fail to provide the analysis and intelligence that deliver value. However those occurrences can be traced back to weak project planning and user expectation management during the design process.

3) Handover to Operations:Some CRM projects fail during the final stages, when the project is finished and the implementation is handed over to daily operations and line staff. As described above, persistence to change is a key item, which needs to be addressed early in the project to overcome user resistance. In addition some companies go as far as issuing a mandatory CRM use after activating the features and turning off the legacy system.

Whenever the project is closed, external consultants will move on to new projects and internal attendants will move back into their line position. Detailed expertise will not be available for daily operations, unless the corporation plans to implement proper support and management staff for the new procedures. This ideal scenario needs to be planned during the project. Potential candidates should hold strategic positions within the project and receive all their training throughout the project. This ensures first-line information from the people responsible for the implementation project. CRM needs to be integrated in the corporate strategy, and the companys leaders need to play a role model in using the system and support of the strategy.

Using CRM to Achieve Competitive Advantage:-

1) Customer Generic Strategies:24

CRM can be positioned around Treacy and Wiersemas (1993) value disciplines.

Figure 3 - Treacy&Wiersemas value disciplines

The diagram shows three dimensions of value. Companies need to excel at one dimension, while maintaining threshold standards on the other two. Market leaders typically do so, however, pioneer companies have gone further and mastered two disciplines.

Operationally excellent companies follow a strategy to lead the industry in price and convenience (quality, price and ease of purchase). Many of the hotel chains follow this strategy in their low-budget division. Accor Hotels can be seen as the industry leader, combining quality, low price and ease of access in their Formule 1and Etap hotels.

Companies that follow a strategy of Customer Intimacy try to shape the products and services to fit the expectation and definition of their customers. Companies focus on long-term loyalty and the lifetime value of customers. Marriott Corporation can be identified as a leader in Customer Intimacy through their strong membership program Marriott Rewards. Marriott
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benefits from its coverage throughout the world and many members will drive an extra mile to stay with their preferred hotel chain. But those returns arent for free, which can be seen in Marriotts $54 million investment during the launch process in 1996.

Corporations focusing on product leadership push their products into the realm of the unknown or the highly desirable. Products and quality are constantly reviewed and kept at the leading edge of the industry. Four Season and Ritz Carlton are two global hotel chains focusing on highest quality. They have an appropriate reputation but constantly need to focus on quality enhancements to live up to customers expectations. CRM supports all three of Treacy&Wiersemas (1993) value disciplines. It is especially strong when focusing on Customer Intimacy (operational and collaborative CRM). Analytical CRM can be the base for product decisions and an Operational Excellence strategy.

2)

Customer Intimacy:-

Customer Intimacy focuses on relationships with the customer and does not look at a single transaction but on the customers lifetime value. The corporation builds a relationship with the customer, identifies the customers needs and wants. Through delivery of those important items the customer becomes loyal. To beloyal, the customer does not need to possess a loyalty card. However it is an identifier and even a status symbol, whenever a customer reaches a high level with any corporation. The airlines invented the loyalty card, but the hotel industry follows very closely. The customer can easily be identified with the card (Power, 2004). With modern integrated CRM systems, a loyalty card is not necessarily a must anymore. The CRM system recognizes the customer and summarizes the preferences and other details, the customer communicated throughout different SBUs (Strategic Business Unit) of the corporation, in the central customer database.

In a study by Cornell University (1998) about rating factors intended to engender loyalty, only 27 % of respondents thought that a loyalty program that earns points is important (the survey was conducted with frequent travelers and guests ofluxury hotel chains). However, 57 %
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want the hotel to use information from prior stays to customize services, and 41 % would like to speed up the registration process with previously stored information.

3) The Loyal Customer:Ever increasing budgets are spent on marketing to bond customers to individual brands. However, one can see that actual brand loyalty is fading.
Age 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 1975 66 % 73 % 77 % 82 % 86 % 93 % 2000 59 % 59 % 60 % 59 % 65 % 73 %

Table 1 - Brand loyalty

The lucrative frequent business travel segment with the age groups between 30 and 59 has fallen an average of 18 %. Some of it can be traced back to an ever increasing supply of hotels. In the US alone, the number of hotel brands has increased by 35 % with an overall increase of rooms by 45 % between 1990 and 2000. Research on customer loyalty primarily focuses on customer satisfaction. Not all repeatpurchases come from loyal customers (Bolton 1998). The hotel does not need to focus on all customers with retention and loyalty efforts. Many travelers have no influence in their travel plans, as corporate restrictions and preferred agreements with specific hotel providers leave them without a personal choice. In this case, the customer relationship is built on the hotels sales force automation system and the contact is the guests corporate travel manager. This scenario can also occur vice versa. For some reason, even beyond the hotel or customers control, loyal and satisfied customers may still switch. Guests can be analyzed through the corporations data mining tool and put in special segments, whenever they are driven by corporate travel policies. However one needs to keep in mind the positive effect of word-of-mouth marketing that these customers have. A satisfied frequent business traveler is a no-cost marketing machine that has enormous reach.
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4) Strategic decisions:A basis for strategic decisions is the proper collection of information, which can be used for further analysis of the guest structure and to identify potential patterns in travel/amenity preferences. This means that companies need to evaluate first what results they want to see, before defining the data loaded into the data warehouse. A major obstacle to effective data mining is inadequate data gathering.

The key information, necessary for detailed analysis, can be summarized as follows. Personal data address information, memberships, Transactions This should include a complete listing of stays and reservations, as well as all customer interactions throughout all channels and customer touch points (activity management). Customer Contracts This applies more to Sales Force Automation tools and company contracts, in which each customer contact (sales call) is logged and linked to the contract. Descriptive Information Additional information for more detailed analysis of the customer (e.g. preferences or complaints => resolutions / semi-automated). Response to Marketing Stimuli This part should contain whether the customer responded to a direct marketing campaign, sales contact or any other direct contact.

Data mining on the collected information is a philosophy of its own and requires its own strategy.

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Figure 4 Database-driven CRM

Data-mining techniques help to reveal relationships and data patterns that can be used to create customer segments. A common statement is that obtaining a new customer is seven times as costly as retaining an existing customer. Having information like the customers birthday can boost profits, as it cements brand loyalty. However, a prerequisite is a proper strategy and proper usage of the customer information. Harrahs Hotels and Casinos discovered that customers who paid $100 to $500 accounted for 80 % of the company revenue. This segment only accounted for 30% of overall guests. In addition, the company saw a $ 100 million increase from customers that visited more that one property (cross-sells) since the inception of their CRM program in 1997. In 2001, Harrahs ranked first in U.S industry profit growth.

Effective data mining needs to follow a few guidelines:

It is important to evaluate if the analysis models are created internally or will be outsourced to second-tier research firms. Outsourcing might be a solution for smaller hotel companies with little internal know-how. Larger corporations normally integrate the analysis. Well-trained staff and IT personnel is required for successful data mining. The most effective projects occur when responsible staff, IT managers and providers collaborate throughout the project and share appropriate information.

As stated by Francese&Renaghan (2003), the CRM system needs to build on selective segmentation and predictive models. The depth of the segmentation between individual hotels
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and corporate level may differ and several levels can exist. For example, the hotel will be interested in the detailed market code information, such as Group Association Healthcare and Group Association Government, the corporate interest, however, will be about identifying the mainmarket group, i.e. Association (Shaw, 2001). As more information about customers is available and analytical capabilities are getting stronger, the identification of cross segments, especially targeting psychographics traits, such as personality and lifestyle, can be useful in the hospitality industry.

Geographic:

Demographic:

Psychographic:

Nations States Counties Cities Age or life-cycle stage Gender Income Social class Life-style Personlity Behavior Occasion of purchase decision Occasion of use Bereft sought User status (e.g. potential, former, first time) Usage rate Loyalty status Buyer-readiness stage

Table 3 - Examples of hotel-guest segmentations

It is important that the queried information is accountable and that the outcome is accessible in a timely manner. Frequently research requests from individual hotels to headquarters take too long and at the time of delivery it is too late to act on the findings. There is no definite and fixed approach to a companys data mining activities as it involves a continuous cycle of inputs and outputs. As conditions in the competitive environment change over time, the models must be modified and refined. Flexibility is needed and short decisionmaking processes support a market-oriented analytical tool.

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 CRM in the Hospitality Industry:Due to a very specific business handling in the hotel industry, which is usually built around and focused on the PMS system in place, the hospitality industry lags behind when it comes to implementing CRM solutions.

1) The Opportunity:-

The perception of many hotel companies is that implementing CRM is very troublesome. Creating and maintaining a high-quality customer database is very costly and the benefits are not guaranteed. A necessary change of the organizations philosophy is very challenging, as people are reluctant to change.

Hotel companies have always tried to keep a close relationship with their customers, but the focus was more on the local relationship between one hotel and the client. Loyal customers stay with a hotel more often and spend more money. Hotel chains introduced frequent traveler programs when the value of loyalty became a topic. CRM seems the next logical step. Through the growth of the Internet, consumers easily find comparable prices and price competition is unattractive. CRM is a good strategy for hotel companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors.

The hospitality industry is perfect for the appliance of CRM principles. A study conducted in 1999 by Arthur Andersen at the New York University showed that already onethird of hotel corporations had a structured data warehouse. 50 percent of the rest were in the planning stage or intended to implement a data warehouse in the near future. However a centralized collection of data does not automatically deliver a comprehensive view of the guest. CRM can only be achieved through highly personalized service at each customer touch-point and only few companies in the hospitality industry appear to have reached this stage.
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2) The Challenge:There are two main challenges for implementing CRM in the lodging industry: A lack of standardization and IT-system integration within each brand or even hotel. This requires heavy focus on interfacing possibilities of the CRM software and the analysis of different processes within each local system. Secondly, there may be up to three parties holding a stake in an individual property: The owner, the local management company and the brand. The difficulty is the financial responsibility of the implementation, data-ownership and availability. Accurate data entry and collection is a huge issue at the operational level. Frequently hotel companies face a data dilemma when investigating the current situation, before starting with data takeover for their new CRM system. It is very important to clean data first and to start with a clean and credible system. Data problems lead to limited value of the data warehouse, in addition to diminishing the value of proposed models.

There are two major causes for data inefficiency. Firstly, there is missing or inaccurate data. For example, it is difficult to create a profile of the occupation of customers, if there are only few guest records containing this information. The normal time to get data in a (business) hotel environment is during check-in, however, the guests want to finish this procedure as quickly as possible. Collection of business cards may be a potential solution to this problem. The other major limitation is poorly entered data, which complicates data analysis. Additionally it paints a bad picture of the hotel chain, when direct marketing campaigns are sent to the guests, labeled with incorrect spelling of the name or address. A detailed entry standard needs to be defined regarding formats, text case and redundant codes. Some modern CRM systems have semi-automated cleaning processes included to deal with the large number of guest records in internationally operating hotel chains.

As stated by Slutter (2003) automated systems recognize data flaws, e.g.:

Correct values according to the data domain (set of valid values)

Related data elements must be correct (e.g. City: Pune / State: Maharashtra) Proper salutation, based gender and language (Mr. / Mrs.) Identification of intelligent dummy values (e.g. Zip: 66666)

However, the better the initial data is entered, the more accurate the automated systems and the greater the overall data quality will be.

What is the Payback of CRM (ROI):Measuring ROI in the context of CRM can be very subjective, but it will provide a company with the ability to identify which components of CRM improve customer relations. Many of the CRM implementation decisionprocesses span over a long period of time, as the ROI is not easily visible and a substantial upfront investment is necessary. There is a need to illustrate the real value. 1) Short term results:Return on CRM investment is normally visible over the long term, through improvement in the companys strategic objectives. The recent economic slowdown caused companies to focus more on financial measures and short-term results. ). Especially division and line managers need to show quick payback. The strategy must be strong, especially when divisions fund the project. Line managers who have to measure up to their targets rather invest in personnel and marketing on their existing raw data.

Short-term ROI is hardly measurable in terms of money and the immediate benefits tie back to a customer-oriented strategy. It is sometimes overlooked that a clean data structure, which is normally set during the implementation project, or even beforehand, is the basis for accurate reporting and better results. One of the returns, that is easily and quickly identified is a major saving in mailing costs, as the percentage of undelivered pieces will normally decrease substantially. In addition, the soft factor of properly spelled names and addresseswill raise the companys credibility. Campaign management shows another major factor, that is the ability of marketing staff to pull queries themselves, without any external marketing company or IT
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assistance. One needs to be careful not to mix up CRM program benefits and ROI. It is important to set KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) in an early stage of the CRM project or even better before the project starts, to get a clear and unsolicited comparison over the legacy process. An item, barely considered is the opportunity cost of doing nothing! The company may save money, however the competition is building market share as they have taken the CRM dive and gained an advantage. In this scenario the company looses the first-mover advantage and will remain/become a follower, as a CRM approach is becoming a necessity to survive in the lodging industry. 2) Long-Term Benefits:Long-term benefits of CRM are more oriented towards the interactive part of customer relationship and in the lifetime value of customers. To gain comparable numbers, it is essential to evaluate the existing situation. An important numbers that a company needs to increase is the number of Net Promoters. The net- promoter figure is calculated by subtracting the percentage of guests that are saying they are unlikely to make a recommendation from the percentage of guests that are extremely likely to do so. In most industries, especially in the service industry, there is a strong correlation between the percentage of Promoters and a companys growth rate.

34

Figure 5 - Growth by Word of Mouth (US Airlines)

Companies that score very high referral rates are eBay and Amazon with their customercentric models supported by leading-edge technology. Additional customer care, supported through an integrated profile and activity tracking of the guest, leads to increased loyalty. The end of a hotel stay is especially important, since this is what remains in the customers recollections This does not mean that the check-in process can be sloppy, but the guest recognizes if there is an upswing during his stay. Cruise lines are leaders in applying behavioral science as they end each day with a raffle or show and end the cruise with a fabulous captains dinner. Analytical CRM can be measured in two ways. The soft factor is the increased credibility of reports due to clean and standardized data. The second and hard fact is the time that is saved through automated generation of reports, instead of manual data collection at each SBU. The time used for those activities can be measured, to show the savings in labor cost. In addition, the room for human error is minimized with an automated system.

Conclusion:Given the complexity and large number of related topics, the author will not pretend that the review is exhaustive. The document tries to cover a larger audience, reviewing CRM basics but also specifics such as underlying strategies and application models.

CRM is not new; it is a modern form of marketing and data analysis that became popular with growth of the Internet and a networked world. CRM had a tough start, as the anticipation was that the installation of the software would solve all issues. Many CRM projects failed due to unprepared organizational strategies andlack of employee involvement. Employee integration proved especially critical, since the employees are the actual users of the system. CRM can be placed around Tracey &Wiersemas value disciplines. Especially customer intimacy builds on the bond between the corporation and its customers. However, CRM helps thecompany to identify valuable customers and to seek trends through sophisticated data mining models. Information gathered, can further be used to proceed with one or more of the described value
35

disciplines.

Return of CRM investment is still one of the grey areas, since only few key indicators are available. It is important to measure processes well ahead of the project start. Short-term benefits and paybacks are often the trigger for a CRM decision. In the longer-term, the return is mainly seen in the automation of processes and knowledge about the market and customer segments. Proper and more targeted campaigns streamline the marketing process and make profitable customers even more profitable.

36

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

37

RESEARCH:-a way of examining your practice

Research is undertaken within most professions. More than a set of skills, it is a way of thinking: examining critically the various aspects of your professional work. It is a habit of questioning what you do, and a systematic examination of the observed information to find answers with a view to instituting appropriate changes for a more effective professional service.

DEFINITION OF RESEARCH:-

When you say that you are undertaking a research study to find answers to a question, you are implying that the process; 1). is being undertaken within a framework of a set of philosophies (approaches);

2) Uses procedures, methods and techniques that have been tested for their validity and reliability;

3) Designed to be unbiased and objective.

Philosophies mean approaches e.g. qualitative, quantitative and the academic discipline in which you have been trained. Validity means that correct procedures have been applied to find answers to a question.

38

Reliability refers to the quality of a measurement procedure that provides repeatability and accuracy. Unbiased and objective means that you have taken each step in an unbiased manner and drawn each conclusion to the best of your ability and without introducing your own vested interest (Bias is a deliberate attempt to either conceal or highlight something). Adherence to the three criteria mentioned above enables the process to be called research However, the degree to which these criteria are expected to be fulfilled varies from discipline to discipline and so the meaning of research differs from one academic discipline to another. The difference between research and non-research activity is, in the way we find answers: the process must meet certain requirements to be called research. We can identify these requirements by examining some definitions of research. The word research is composed of two syllables, re and search. re is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again search is a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe. Together they form a noun describing a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.

Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable. Scientific methods consist of systematic observation, classification and interpretation of data. Although we engage in such process in our daily life, the difference between our casual day- to-day generalization and the conclusions usually recognized as scientific method lies in the degree of formality, rigorousness, verifiability and general validity of latter.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS:The research process is similar to undertaking a journey.

39

For a research journey there are two important decisions to make-

1) What you want to find out about or what research questions (problems) you want to find answers to;

2) How to go about finding their answers.

There are practical steps through which you must pass in your research journey in order to find answers to your research questions.

The path to finding answers to your research questions constitutes research methodology.

At each operational step in the research process you are required to choose from a multiplicity of methods, procedures and models of research methodology which will help you to best achieve your objectives.

This is where your knowledge base of research methodology plays a crucial role.

Steps in Research Process:-

1. Formulating the Research Problem

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2. Extensive Literature Review

3. Developing the objectives

4. Preparing the Research Design including Sample Design

5. Collecting the Data

6. Analysis of Data

7. Generalization and Interpretation

8. Preparation of the Report or Presentation of Results-Formal write ups of conclusions reached. Research DesignAccording to Claire Seltiz, a research design is the arrangement of condition and analysis of data in manner that aims to combine relevance to their search purpose with economy in procedure

Type of studyQualitative research methodology Qualitative Research Methodology:41

Qualitative data explores ideas, feelings and attitudes. It is concerned with answering questions such as what is good about the destination/airline? Qualitative research is in fact undertaken to provide the basis for designing quantitative research. In literal terms qualitative means pertaining to quality.

Thus, this type of research involves collecting a great deal of rich information about relatively few people than limited information about a large number of people.

Brunt has enumerated the main attributes, advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research which are very useful. Some of the main attributes of this approach are:

1) The aim is to gain in-depth more open-ended answers rather than yes/no response.

2) Usually, the interviewer tries to get people to share their thoughts on a topic with the minimum of guidelines about how they should answer.

Thus, for example if we have to research as to why tourist prefer South East Asia to India and why we havent been able to tap a market for ourselves even though there are cultural similarities, we have to rely on qualitative research.

The researches would have to haul information that would be definitely more in-depth than yes/ no /dont know. Brunt has also listed the advantages of qualitative research:
42

1) Rich information is provided about people, their experiences, motivations, behaviors, their needs and aspirations.

2) Changes are encompassed over time. Information about the aspect researched, it can be incorporated over a period of time.

3) They are more personal.

4) The information is understandable by the majority statistical tests, are less important.

The disadvantages of qualitative method according to him, on the other hand are:

1) Small numbers of people are normally involved, thus, generalizations about the population at large cannot be made.

3) The measurement of qualitative material often requires judgments to be made by the researcher.

Type of questionnaire Semi- Structured questionnaire. Semi-structured questionnaires comprise a mixture of closed and open questions. They are commonly used in business-to-business market research where there is a need to accommodate a large range of different responses from companies. The use of semi-structured questionnaires

43

enables a mix of qualitative and quantitative information to be gathered. They can be administered over the telephone or face-to-face. Types of questionsAll the questions in the questionnaire are closed ended. Type of analysisSubjective and statistical both

Subjective analysis:

where the feeling of the individual taking part in the

analysis process determines the outcome. Statistical analysis: An experiment usually results in some means or proportion affected of different groups such as control and treated animals. Means will differ because each animal is different. Proportions affected could differ by chance. Means and proportions may also differ as a result of the treatment. The aim of the statistical analysis is to calculate the probability that differences as great as or greater than those observed could be due to chance. If this probability is high, then chance may be the explanation, if it is low then a treatment effect may be the explanation. These days the actual calculations are almost always done using a computer Sources of information

Primary Data Collection:-

Primary data collection is first hand information collection. This is information / data not to be found anywhere else, in any other form. It can, intact, be used by other people / agencies researchers for their own purpose. For example, an agency or a researcher collecting information about the number of people coming to India at an International Airport on a particular day and visiting various destinations will be primary data collection. Similarly, a researcher collecting information about how visitors regard a particular attraction is primary data collection. For

44

tourism, primary data is most important as this industry cannot rely on information collected otherwise. I did survey to collect data from the respondent companies. The survey I conducted in the Hotel Studio Estique was the primary source of information.

Secondary Data Collection:Secondary data collection is sourced information. It is weaned from various sources in the form as desired. Thus, the researcher is the secondary user. The use of census data, minutes of meetings, annual reports etc. are some sources of secondary information. For tourism purposes the World.

The hotels website, hotel Boucher, newspaper, information provided by the marketing team of the hotel studio was my secondary source of information.

Plan for Primary Data Collection-

Research Technique-survey method Contact method- direct interview Research Instrument-questionnaire.

Sample Design

Population-the group of the objects or the individuals under study is called population. The size of the population is infinite population.

45

 Sample size-sample size is 60. This was done keeping in mind the time constraints and the fact that I felt that this number would be enough to serve the information needs required to show the trends.

Sample extent - Pune city

Sampling procedure There are two different types of sampling procedures--probability and nonprobability. Probability sampling methods ensure that there is a possibility for each person in a sample population to be selected, whereas nonprobability methods target specific individuals. Nonprobability sampling methods include the following:

Purposive samples: to purposely select individuals to survey. Volunteer subjects: to ask for volunteers to survey. Haphazard sampling: to survey individuals who can be easily reached. Quota sampling: to select individuals based on a set quota. For example, if a census indicates that more than half of the population is female, then the sample will be adjusted accordingly.

For my research, I used probability sampling; it is also known as random sampling. Under this sampling design every item of the universe has an equal chance of getting selected in the sample. it is so to say a lottery method in which individual units are picked up from the whole universe not deliberately but by some mechanical process.

46

Quantitative data analysis and Interpretation

47

1) What information you need from guest which help you while taking CRM decisions?
TABLE:-

Type of information a) Personal data b) Transactions c) Customer contracts d) Descriptive information e) Response to marketing stimuli

Percentage 30 20 15 15 20

CHART:-

Responces to marketing stimuli. Customer contacts

Personal data

Transactins Descriptive information

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INTERPRETATION:

Personal data accounts about 30% of the total supported by transactions and response to the marketing stimuli about 20%.However the customer contacts and descriptive information counts to 15%.This above numbers indicate that the actual operations performed by the guests matters a lot to gather information.

2) How do you segment your customer while deciding CRM strategy?

Segmentation criteria a) Geographically b) Demographically c) Psychoghraphically

Percentage 50 35 15

CHART:-

Psychographical

Demographical

Geographical

INTERPRETATION:-

49

The numbers shows, hotel companies prefer to divide their guest profiles geographically which accounts to about 50%.This helps to hotel companies to perform their CRM activity according to geographical culture and exteranal environment.

3) What are the value disciplines your company following for CRM activity?
TABLE:-

Value disciplines a) Operational excellence b) Product leadership c) Customer intimacy d) All three combined e) No opinion

Percentage 25 11 20 40 4

CHART:-

No opinion Operational exellence

All three combined

Product leadership Customer intemency

INTERPRETATION:-

Operational excellence and customer intimacy showed 25 % of responses for each one.
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However about 40 % respondents indicated that they follow all of the three value disciplines. Not having a clear strategy is one of the problems of the hotel industry, regardless of CRM. The result is that hotel companies often get stuck in the middle, trying to satisfy too many needs at once. It is clear to most participants that a CRM system or at least a customer-oriented strategy is a must in business. There might be some exceptions, where the use is dependent on the individual situation. This might be the case for budget hotels, where the only driver is the price. 4) According to you in which part of your company the importance of CRM is highest?
TABLE:-

Company part a) Central reservation, b) Regional sales office, c) Individual hotel, d) Headquarter.

Percentage 54 26 15 5

CHART:-

Headquarter Individual hotel

Regional sales office

Central reservaton

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INTERPRETATION:

The importance of CRM applications is ranked highest by Central Reservation, followed by Regional Sales Offices and the individual hotel. This clearly indicates that availability at the customer touch-point is higher rated than internal data availability at headquarters and regional management level. Figure shows the mean of the importance of a CRM application to different organizational levels. 5) Which are the different CRM functionalities from following group are most important for your company?
TABLE:-

1) Guest management:Functionalities a) Profile management, b) Data cleansing, c) De-duping, d) Mortality list, e) Loyalty program. Percentage 32 20 20 12 16

CHART:Loyality program Mortality list

Profile mgmt.

De-duping

Data cleasing

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INTERPRETATION:-

In regards to guest management the centralized option to manage guest profile is the most important base, followed by supporting modules. The two main accompanying modules are deduping of guest profiles and system-supported data cleansing. These three items actually build the core functionality to manage profiles successfully and provide a clean starting point for any CRM activity. A very delicate item that takes CRM to the next level is a mortality list, especially when bulk mailings are sent frequently. It is identified to be important, but needs the other modules to build on. 2) Operations:-

Functionalities f) Guest activity tracking. g) Complaint management, h) Survey tracking, i) Process management,

Percentage 58 21 7 14

CHART:-

Process mgmnt. Survey tracking

Complaint mgmnt.

Guest activity tracking

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INTERPRETATION:-

Guest activity tracking is most important from the operational point of view. Complaint management in particular is seen critical and rated higher than general customer survey tracking. Research shows that proper problem follow-up and quick resolution actually bonds guests to the company as they proved professional in problem solution and the last activity in the guests mind has a positive touch. 6) What are the important CRM objectives for your company? TABLE:Objectives 1) Increase revenue 2) Reduce cost 3) Improve profitability 4) Process improvement 5) Reduced mail cost 6) S & M efficiency and effectiveness 7) Increase average customer revenue 8) Increase customer profitability 9) Increase customer loyalty 10) Increase net promoters 11) Competitive advantage 12) Qualified database 13) Customer service Percentage 8 4 3 8 7 5

3 20 4 5 10 7

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14) Spread information 15) Must have

5 5

CHART:-

14 13 12

15

3 4 5

11 10 9 8 6 7

INTERPRETATION:-

The business processes for which organization would apply CRM are mainly guest management, data analysis and marketing management.

The question tries to identify potential return on investment parameters. In return, this will help to identify which applications could best be positioned to address those requirements. Financial objectives for a CRM implementation and therefore main ROI indicators are an increase in incremental revenue as well as an improved profitability. It seems clear to organizations that CRM is not necessarily a cost saver, especially during the early stages of the project. On of the savings that might be seen the earliest are savings in mailing costs, as the number of return pieces decreases and more targeted mailings can be sent.

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From a Sales & Marketing perspective, the main interest is on customer loyalty and lifetime value, which actually outperforms financial objectives. The number of Net Promoters does not seem so much of concern even if it is directly linked with loyalty. Only satisfied customers will be loyal and therefore recommend the hotel chain. Concerning internal operations there is also a high interest to be more efficient and effective. This is mainly supported by a clean customer database and clear segmentation as well as ease of data retrieval.

The main operational interest is the above-mentioned clean and accurate customer database. This ensures all guest communication is kept within the guests one single central profile and therefore accumulated information is available for everybody and can be used to proactively address the guests desires. Most of the corporations, also existing CRM users have no clear ROI measures in place or the respondent was not aware of any. lital respondents indicated that they have clear numbers in place to measure CRM ROI. Potential measures are, for example, reduction in mailing costs.

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Qualitative Data Analysis

57

This section will put the answers/discussion points together and try to identify some trends. 1) What is CRM? To start the discussion, a very general question of What is CRM was asked Respondents stated the high failure rate of CRM projects, but linked that high failure rate to lack of organizational culture and strategy. The group shared the opinion that CRM needs to be supported by top management and needs to be lived throughout the organization, from the CEO to the housekeeper. One participant sees the abbreviation of CRM as Customers Really Matter! It was noted that CRM is actually about the customer and not a self-fulfilling activity. 2) Organizational strategy / customer focus:The organizations that already started a CRM implementation asked for some external advise from consulting firms. They are not trying to start with a huge project that cannot show immediate benefits to the organization. It is actually a common approach to implement CRM in phases, with immediate focus on existing information that can be used in the short-term. Quick use and benefit of CRM will ensure employee buy-in and support. The focus is on the individual guest, e.g. through pre-arrival lists or identification of big spenders at other hotels of the same corporation.

One of the main challenges is the integration of different PMS systems and arriving at a data standard, which enables a comparison in a centralized place. The implementation should be incremental and needs to build on the internal customer strategy, since the piece of software can only support an overall CRM approach, but cannot be the driver of it. When identifying individual guests, the focus needs to be on each guest of the hotel chain, not just the ones that are enrolled in the organizations loyalty program. It was identified that some of the biggest spenders are actually not part of any loyalty program. Points arent important to everyone the experience is! This means the focus on CRM should target each guest, and the organization needs to spend more effort on servicing customers than spending millions on getting more and more guests enrolled.

Corporations have mixed opinions about third-party channels, like web bookings through
58

Expedia. These providers deliver very limited guest information and make it very hard for organizations to match this guest to a possibly existing profile. Proactive service cannot be provided as guests cant be identified before check-in. Even sophisticated matching and deduping software is not able to identify dupes based on the name only. This leads back to the question, if customers book on price or on brand? Rate parity and low price guarantees on the hotels website may drive the customer back to book the brand directly, which has many benefits for the organization. The customer is identified immediately, no commissions need to be paid and excellent service can be provided to the guests, as they are immediately identified. 3) Use and ROI of CRM:Most of the ROI on CRM comes through increased customer revenue and easier and more targeted marketing access to the customer. However hotel corporations need to be careful not to over-contact their guests.

The initial requirement is the agreement of the guest to be contacted this way. Centralized mailing activities are mainly treated with sufficient care. However one needs to raise this awareness in individual hotels, especially if they have access to a wider guest range through the corporate guest database. It may be very tempting for them to have access to e.g. all golfers that stayed with one of the hotels of the corporation nationwide. With the invention of e-mail, massive customer contacts have become very inexpensive. The corporation needs to put strict guidance in place, in order not to overwhelm customers and give customers the feeling that whenever they are contacted, they receive something really valuable. Real ROI can also be measured through customer satisfaction and benchmark numbers of the competitive set1. For more frequent customers, one could also create a Customer P&L to identify the real value of a guest. Similar activities can already be seen in the gaming environment when guest benefits are decided. 4) Future Outlook:CRM is an ongoing effort and not a one-time software installation. Corporations need to continuously invest in customer communication. One of the main goals is to also reach to customers that do not take part in a loyalty program and provide up-to-date customer information
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to all touch points. This may include pre-arrival messaging, upselling and customized benefits.

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FINDINGS

61

Overall, the quantitative and the qualitative research are congruent and point in the same direction. Both approaches complement each other and during analysis, substantial information could be pulled from both sources.

Data ownership is seen at central level and the main benefit of CRM is at central level. However critical information needs to be given back to the hotel as they communicate directly with the customer.

Guest profile management and campaign management were identified as the main items in the qualitative analysis. Their importance can also be seen in the questionnaire result, as these two items have the lowest mean.. This item, also identified in both research approaches, is seen important, as different PMS systems need to be pulled together, and as it forms the base for the above-mentioned modules.

In the qualitative analysis, it was identified that security is a big item for hotel corporations. This knowledge can be used especially for campaign settings. The concern is that individual hotels will simply take the data and blast if off and so over-communicate to customers. Internal focus and the importance of an administrator can be seen in the questionnaire, as so many respondant state that a full-time administrator is required to manage the system. This would include setup of user logins and the management of access rights.

Return on investment and objectives of CRM show the same focus on increase in customer loyalty. The focus group identified an important item, that loyalty should not only be measured for loyalty program members, but for all guests. Exceeding the guests expectations can increase loyalty. It does not require a full-blown CRM software to address that item, but a notification of a frequent guests arrival to the front desk staff may increase awareness. An example would be that frequent guests should not be walked to a different hotel in an oversold situation.

In contrast to the revenue, there is also focus on costs when researching CRM ROI. The item that is most important is the efficiency and effectiveness of sales and marketing activities.
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This basically summarizes the entire guest communication outside the operational units. The base for cost savings is a clean and well-structured centralized guest-marketing database. Guests have enough unique identifiers like interests and preferred travel locations to ensure proper and targeted communication. Duplication of guest entries are eliminated and the guest profile is up-to date, regardless where the guest communicated a potential address change.

Especially the qualitative analysis shows that immediate payback and benefit is essential to get user buy-in. Benefits need to be given to the hotels in the early stages of the project, as they are the ones communicating with the customers and entering the data. A simple and immediate benefit is a daily list of arrivals, with a column showing the total value of the guest throughout the corporation, and not just production in this one hotel.

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Conclusion

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Customer Relationship Management in the Hospitality Industry.

In the literature review, we investigated CRM in general terms: The history, the prerequisites of CRM, how to use CRM to achieve competitive advantage, and a basic coverage of return on investment. The little academic work available on CRM in the hospitality industry was researched in above chapters. The fieldwork focused on the specifics of the lodging industry. A broad audience was reached with the web-based questionnaire. The survey mainly tried to identify the requirements of hotel companies and their priorities.

Hotel companies participating in the focus groups already have a CRM solution in place or are currently in the implementation phase. Therefore the focus is on current use of the system, return of investment and future strategy. The objective of the exploratory research was to verify the initial hypothesis

1) Hypothesis:In general, the initial hypothesis (Hypothesis 1) can be confirmed, however additional hypotheses will be stated, as identified during the practical fieldwork.

Hypothesis 1:To successfully manage a hotel corporations many customers through multiple touch-points and gain competitive advantage, a CRM approach built around a centralized profile management must be in place.

This basic CRM focus was confirmed in both research approaches (quantitative and qualitative). Literature identified the importance of customer intimacy, which focuses on relationships with the customers. Loyalty actually decreases in the marketplace and people are more likely to switch between hotels. Due to multiplecustomer profiles, duplicated mailings and unqualified customer contact may occur. The importance of centralized profile management was confirmed in the survey, as it was chosen as the most important CRM functionality. Loyalty is the most important objective. The focus group confirmed those findings as the statements point
65

in a similar direction. The hypothesis mentions centralized profile management. As it turned out, it is important that hotel corporations do not exclusively focus on individual guests and especially on loyalty program members. In many cases, upper class travelers and high-spenders are not interested in another loyalty card. They care more about recognition then loyalty points. In addition to individual guests, centralized profile management must include all customers of the hotels, including travel agents, companies, airline crews, groups and their members. One respondent from the focus group put CRM in great new marketing terms, stating it as Customers Really Matter. Hypothesis 2:The second hypothesis was identified during the practical fieldwork. Hotel companies need to have a customer-oriented strategy and culture throughout the organization, require executive support as well as early acceptance by the hotels, to successfully implement and use a system-supported CRM solution. Automated CRM software is no immediate solution to fix a hotel companys communication or customer problem. Firstly the organization needs to adapt its strategy and focus on the customer. Hotels need to work with the existing data and then implement a CRM solution to support the customer strategy and culture. Internal support needs to be ensured and top management has to show CRM commitment. It was identified in a survey by CRM-Forum (2002) that more than 50 % of CRM projects fail due to missing strategy.

Many times CRM implementations are central activities, without including the hotels in the decision or RFP (Request for Proposal) process. The solution is centrally decided and individual hotels do not know what they get. However the hotels are the main point of data entry as well as the main point for data output, as they are the ones facing the customers on a daily basis.

The fieldwork identified some shortcomings in this area. Especially the strategy is not entirely clear in all organizations. Hotels want to be everything to the customer, and loose focus on their core competencies. Almost 50 % of respondents pursue all of Tracey and Wiersemas
66

(1993) value disciplines. This unclear strategy is a major barrier for a successful CRM implementation. However, the focus group showed that hotel companies open to external consultants and allow them to evaluate the environment and work on proper CRM prerequisites.

Hotels identified the need for executive support and proper internal marketing of the project. Many times data from the legacy system is used and put in the new CRM strategy to kick-off the project. But to avoid later problems in acceptance of the new system, one needs to plan a proper replacement strategy of the legacy system. The implementation is planned in phases with the goal to show some benefits to the hotels in the very early stages. Potential approaches are simple centralized arrival lists or a centralized rating of the overall guest value, which provide huge benefit to the hotel with very little central effort.

Hypothesis 3:Hotel corporations need detailed data from each business unit to build one central database that can be used for chain-wide guest analysis, mailings and reporting. Data needs constant maintenance like de-duping, data cleansing and basic data preparation.

Literature review showed the need for one centralized database. In many instances, marketing has a different database then the operational database used by the hotels. This approach faces the danger of multi-contacts to the guests, like multiple birthday cards or irrelevant marketing pieces, offering certain hotel packages or events.

Practical fieldwork confirmed the theoretical review in most terms. However, many times hotel corporations lack detailed specifications and request all data they can get. As a result, hotel chains do not focus on the core information needs, but skim data from allover the place. This in turn increases the number of records to be analyzed and makes the CRM project unmanageable.

Whenever the scope is clear

hotel companies focus on guest management. As confirmed in the focus group, hotel chains identified the value of their centralized guest information and they are aware that it needs to be protected from unauthorized usage. Proper management plans are put in place that send a profile through a pre-defined matching and de-duping process before it is released for centralized mailing activities.

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Recommendation and Closure

69

1) Recommendation:This research identified necessary activities and prerequisites for:

Hotel Studio estique:It is essential to bring about a change in the business culture of the hotel , at the very early stages of a CRM project. External consultants or even CRM implementation/software companies can assist during the transformation. Hotel need to open for external advice. The upfront investment for initial consultation will be recouped many times. Proper pre-work ensures a smooth implementation project and better acceptance by the users.

The new customer focus frequently requires a change in existing business procedures. As people are reluctant to change, different business procedures should be decided in project teams, including all parties involved. If user support is guaranteed in the early stages of the project, most CRM projects will succeed. The system does not stand still after implementation, but changes as the markets and customers requirements are changing. CRM is never done!

CRM Software Companies:CRM software companies need to listen to their customers: the hotels. Often, developers get lost in the worlds of bits and bytes and loose focus of the result. Hotel companies do not care how they achieve the result, but they will care about the quality of the result. As a successful CRM solution is not based on system functionality alone, software companies need to build internal marketing and strategic knowledge or partner with CRM consultants. Periodic focus groups and communication with the customers enables the software companies to adapt to any change in the market. Just like hotel companies, CRM software providers need to be aware that CRM is never done!
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Further Research:The hypotheses identified in the study can be used for further research on this topic. It would be especially interesting if there is a measurable difference in guest satisfaction and profit when applying the recommendations. Research could be based on each hypothesis individually. However to find the perfect CRMapproach all hypotheses would need to be accepted.

This will conclude this dissertation, but: CRM is never done, it is an ongoing effort!

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 Appendix-1: Credit application form-

19th July, 2012

CREDIT APPLICATION FORM Name of the Company: Address :

Tel./Fax No: Email: Type of Business: Specify Pvt/Public Ltd. etc. Date of Establishment Address of Register office Address of Branch office Name of the Director of Company Bank name Address Bank Account Number

72

Account Name Bank Branch Name Bank IFSC Code Account Type Excise Registration Number CST Registration Number LST Registration number

VAT TIN Registration number Service Tax Registration number Service Tax Category PAN Number TAN Number Name and designation of Authorized Signatory Name and Address bills to be send

Authorized Signatory

Stamp of the Company with Designation

73

We Hereby confirm that the above information is true and correct and that if the application accepted , And credit facility is granted we shall abide by all the terms and conditions printed overleaf. We undertake to pay the bills on this account on presentation.

Thanking You.

74

 Appendix- 2: Feedback responses:1) Sources of Reservation:Factors No.of responses. Hotel Directory. 06 Travel Agent. 01 Our reservation office 13 Other sources. 19 Not mentioned. 11

2) Reasons for selecting our hotel:Factors No.of responses. Location 18 Service slandered. 13 Special rates. 07 Others 08 Not mentioned. 4

3) Purpose of visit:Factors No.of responses Business. Leisure Transit Others.

32

08

01

4) Was your reservation handled efficiently?

Please rate us on our hotel:1) Staff responsiveness:Excellent Good Needs Improvement. Not mentioned

43

06 2) Staff knowledge and skills:-

00

01

75

Excellent

Good

Needs Improvement.

Not mentioned.

40

00

01

3) Overall cleanliness of hotel:Excellent 35 Good 13 Needs Improvement. 01 Not mentioned 01

4) Overall ambiences:Excellent 27 Good 21 Needs Improvement. 01 Not mentioned 01

5) Efficiency of check in:Excellent 37 Good 12 Needs Improvement. 00 Not mentioned. 01

6) Efficiency of check out:Excellent Good Needs Improvement. 00 `Not mentioned.

29

14

07

7) Hotel safety and security:Excellent 32 Good 14 Needs Improvement 01 `Not mentioned. 03

8) Our airport assistance:-

76

Excellent

Good

Needs Improvement

Not mentioned/Not used.

18

08

01

23

Accommodation:1) Cleanliness:Excellent 37 Good 11 Needs Improvement 01 Not mentioned/Not used. 01

2) Comfort:Excellent 33 Good 16 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned/Not used. 01

3) Ambience:Excellent 26 Good 23 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned. 01

4) Air conditioning:Excellent 29 Good 16 Needs Improvement 04 Not mentioned. 01

5) Bathroom and amenities:Excellent 31 Good 14 Needs Improvement 04 Not mentioned. 01

6) Laundry services:Excellent 18 Good 07 Needs Improvement 01

Not mentioned/Not used. 24

7) TV entertaintment:-

Excellent

Good

Needs Improvement

Not mentioned/Not used.

19

22

05

04

Food & Beverage:1) Breakfast buffet:Excellent 30 Good 15 Needs Improvement 03 Not mentioned/Not used. 02

2) Lounge hours:Excellent 15 Good 09 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned/Not used. 26

3) Room service quality of food:Excellent 19 Good 18 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned/Not used. 13

4) Room service quality of service:Excellent 23 Good 11 Needs Improvement 01 Not mentioned/Not used. 15

5) The studio lounge quality of food:-

78

Excellent 17

Good 13

Needs Improvement 01

Not mentioned/Not used. 19

6) The studio lounge quality of service:Excellent 18 Good 10 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned/Not used. 22

7) Martini bar quality of drinks:-

Excellent 13

Good 08

Needs Improvement 00

Not mentioned/Not used. 29

8) Martini bar quality of service:-

Excellent 11

Good 06

Needs Improvement 00

Not mentioned/Not used. 33

9) The studio lounge/martini bar ambience:Excellent 14 Good 11 Needs Improvement 00 Not mentioned/Not used. 25

Overall satisfaction with hotel services:2 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 02 8 19 9 14 10 14

79

 During your next visit to Pune would you stay with us?
Responses No. of responses Yes 43 No 00 Not mentioned 07

80

Bibliography

81

www.hotelstudioestique.com www.wikipedia.com Principles of Customer Relationship Management

Customer Relationship Management: Emerging Concepts, Tools, and Applications

International Hospitality Industry

www.CRMguru.com

82

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